Different animals see the world differently, and sometimes this difference is simply amazing! Below is a look at the ability to see from the point of view of representatives of the animal world that are familiar to us.
Dog
Scientists have long believed that dogs see the world in black and white. But no! Our pets distinguish different colors, although not all available to humans. They will confuse red for green (because they don't "see" red) and they may not see a yellow ball on green grass. But gray is presented in an "assortment" much larger than ours. What we call peripheral vision is much more developed in dogs than in humans (compare their 250° to our 180°). Dogs see at night (three to four times better than humans). For the sake of versatility brought visual acuity. If we decided to take the dog to an optometrist, he would be able to make out only the third line, and a person with good eyesight would be able to read the tenth. The dog will also not be able to focus on an object directly under its nose, but it will easily track the flight of a duck for 800-900 m. The same object, but already motionless, will be noticed by the animal only from 600 m.
Cat
The pupils of a cat change shape and size depending on the amount of light in the surrounding space. During the day, the pupils turn into a vertical slit, and at night they become "bowls", and even glow. There is a very scientific basis for this. In simple terms, we see the light not absorbed by the pupils, which, with the help of a special layer of cells - the tapetum - is redirected to the retina.Cats have color vision, they see fewer colors than a human, but more than a dog. Blue, green and gray are predominant in their palette, but purple, yellow and white are also visible to cats, although they can confuse the last two colors. But to admire the shades of red, brown and orange for cats is not possible.
During the day, murks see worse than a person, the surrounding pictures are blurred, although the coverage angle exceeds the human one and is 270 °. But at night, cat eyes are six to eight times more effective than ours. And although at a distance exceeding 6 m, myopic cats see very poorly, their movements are incredibly accurate. It is not the eyes that are responsible for this, but vibrissae (natural special hairs on the body), which, by the way, include cat whiskers. 
Bee
The eye of the bee is unique. First, it is made up of 5,500 individual eyes, each of which is a tiny lens. Together they convey a complete picture of the outside world. Secondly, bees observe the world as if in slow motion - their eyes in one second are able to recognize ten times more individual frames compared to human ones. At the same time, sharp and fast movements are perceived by these honey workers more clearly - so, waving your hands in front of the bee swarm, you create an excellent target for attack.Bees have color vision, but they do not recognize red. Therefore, flowers that have a pure red color are not of interest to bees. The bright red corollas of tropical flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds. Butterflies work on carnations. “But what about the poppy fields?” - you ask. Here another law of bee recognition comes into force, according to which, in the red poppy flowers, the bee is attracted not by the scarlet color that we love to admire so much, but by the ultraviolet invisible to our eyes. 
Eagle
There are many more shades in the "rainbow" of the eagle than ours, which is why our world seems to them much more colorful. An eagle has binocularity in common with a man, and the ability to perceive the ultraviolet range with bees.It is believed that the eagle has the sharpest eyesight on earth. It makes it possible to recognize prey from a distance of 2 km, and the width of the field of perception, which is about 300 °, allows you to follow what is happening around. If a person had an eagle eye, then this would mean that he could see the facial features of a passerby from a height of 10 floors.
Interestingly, the eyesight of an eagle improves as it grows older. Already adults, by controlling the eye muscles, correct the curvature of the lens to observe the image at different distances. This king of birds is able to increase the visible image eight times and focus on two objects at once.
Eagles have two pairs of eyelids for protection. The first is used on the ground in a stationary state, and the second, translucent, protects the eye only during flight from the strong air pressure that occurs when speeds up to 100 km / h. 
Snake
Snakes have two pairs of eyes at once, so to speak. The first is responsible for color perception, but the shape and contours of images are not clearly perceived by it. With a static position of the object, snakes are generally able not to notice it. And in the pits near the nose there is a second pair of "eyes" - it perceives infrared radiation emanating from warm-blooded living beings. Incredibly, the snake can determine the temperature with an error of up to 0.1 ºC, thereby distinguishing animals from each other. With these "eyes" the snake, as a rule, looks at night. During the day, reacting mainly to movement, she uses ordinary vision.The snake look is not sharp and looks cloudy due to the protective film coating. During the molting period, the film also peels off, and at this time the snakes see much better. The veil has fallen, as they say.
The usual in our understanding of the eyelids of these reptiles are absent. The shape of the pupil differs in serpentine ones: in diurnal species it is rounded, and in nocturnal species it is elongated vertically. Snakes are also able to focus their eyes by changing the shape of the lens. 
Horse
The world of horses is black and white, with a wide variety of shades in between. The location of the eyes on the sides provides excellent peripheral vision (about 300 °), allowing you to see almost everything around. That is why horses that ride harnessed on the roads often wear harnesses that limit their view, in order to prevent the fright of an animal that can notice so much while moving.Moreover, the similar structure of the visual organs also means that there is a blind spot right in front of the nose of the horses and for them everything seems to consist of two separate parts. Binocular vision with an angle of 55-65° is only achieved due to the fact that their eye sockets are turned slightly forward. Large eyeball provides good visibility at a distance. And in the dark, the horses feel quite comfortable and free. 
Shark
The cornea, iris, lens, and retina are all like a human, but they work differently. The difference is that focusing occurs inside the shark's organ of vision: the lens moves, pressing against or moving away from the cornea. By the same principle, we adjust the binoculars. Damage to the cornea for a shark will not bring problems similar to humans, because little depends on the cornea.Sharks see best at a distance of up to 15 m. Their frequency of light perception is higher than that of humans. If we suddenly decided to show them a movie with a set of frames familiar to humans (24 per second), then to ocean predators it would seem only a slow alternation of slides due to the ability to perceive at least 45 frames per second. This is ensured by the presence of a special layer of tapetum located behind the retina. It consists of many small plates, located at an angle to each other and covered with guanine. Light from them is reflected and again enters the retina. This process acquires special significance when a shark, when hunting from semi-dark deep water, abruptly rises to the surface.
Regarding color vision: At the moment, scientists agree that some sharks can see colors, but most cannot. 
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We are all different, this is completely normal, but a small number of us have rare features that occur in literally a few percent of people.
Today website tell you about some. Some of them are just cute features, but there are those that Superman himself would envy.
Incredibly strong bones
By studying the LRP5 gene (it is responsible for bone mineralization), scientists have found a lot of mutations. Most of them cause diseases that cause brittle bones, such as osteoporosis.
But it turned out that there is another type of mutation in the LRP5 gene. It gives a person super-dense bones that are almost impossible to break, and skin that is less susceptible to aging.
Of course, this sounds very cool, but it also has its drawbacks. For example, when a certain elderly patient needed a replacement for a worn joint, it could not be done precisely because of the excessively dense bones of the man.
"Golden" blood
Of course, blood cannot be literally golden, but there is blood with a very rare feature - a zero Rh factor. In other words, it does not contain any antigens.
This feature was first discovered in 1961 in a representative of the Australian Aborigines, and at the moment only about 40 people with such blood are known (which, however, does not mean that there are only 40 of them).
9 of them are donors, and incredibly valuable, because their blood is suitable for any recipient. And it is precisely because of its value and rarity that some doctors call blood with a zero Rh factor “golden”.
long palmar muscle
This muscle is an atavism. She is the "inheritance" of our ancestors and is responsible for the release of claws and strengthens the grip when jumping from tree to tree.
Checking if you have it is not difficult: put your hand on a flat surface with your palm up, close your little finger and thumb together, and then slightly raise them.
If you saw a ligament on your wrist, then you are the owner of the long palmar muscle. But don't worry if you haven't found it - it's useless in modern life.
Source: wikipedia.org
genetic chimerism
In ancient Greek myths, the chimera is described as a creature with the head and neck of a lion, the body of a goat, and a snake's tail. Of course, a person cannot be half animal, but he may well have 2 sets of DNA. For example, in the event that during intrauterine development, the embryo absorbs its twin.
Sometimes this is reflected in the appearance of a person in the form of “mosaic” skin or multi-colored eyes, but most often he does not even suspect that there are tissues with different sets of genes in his body.
Chimerism does not bring people much anxiety, but it can cause family problems. There is a case when they wanted to remove children from the mother, since genetic analysis showed that she was not related to them. Fortunately, it turned out that the woman suffered from chimerism, so the actual "mother" of the children was the "absorbed" twin, whose DNA was present in her body.
Source: PubMed
Double row of lashes
The presence of a second row of eyelashes is due to a rare genetic disorder called distichiasis. The most famous owner of "double" eyelashes was Hollywood star Elizabeth Taylor.
When Liz was little, her mother was even reproached for allegedly tinting her daughter's eyes - they were so unusually expressive thanks to this mutation.
Distichiasis usually does not cause any inconvenience to those who have it. But in some cases, the second row of eyelashes can be too close to the mucous membrane of the eye and cause irritation.
"Extra" ribs are more often found in the beautiful half of humanity. Apparently, for this reason, some people believe that women are born with more ribs than men, but in fact this is not so.
Such ribs are also called cervical, as they are localized in the cervical spine. Their sizes are not the same for different people - for some they are small growths, while for others they are full-fledged ribs.
These ribs in most cases do not affect the health and well-being of a person, but sometimes they reach an impressive size and can cause discomfort.
Human - a multicellular organism, a rational and social being that has a certain consciousness. A person can change not only himself, but also the world around him. The main differences between humans and other animals are a well-developed brain, upright posture, speaking and thinking.
Differences and similarities between humans and mammals:
Similarities:
- The division of teeth into canines, incisors and molars.
- The embryo develops in the mother's body (womb), and then is fed with milk.
- There is an auricle.
- Constant body temperature, as well as intensive metabolism.
- The presence of the abdominal and chest cavities, the same organs in the cavities, glands and vestiges.
- The same structure scheme, as well as similar organ systems.
Difference features:
- Developed musculature of the tongue, mental activity, increased brain volume.
- A person has a more developed speech and brain.
- The development of the hand for various jobs.
- A person is able to be in a vertical position, and animals in a horizontal position. In animals, the muscles of the neck are more developed, and in humans, the muscles of the limbs and the mimic muscles of the face.
Similarities between humans and animals
1. Man, like other animals, is a heterotrophic organism that "eats everything."
2. Man belongs to the order of primates according to the large brain and the location of the limbs.
3. The main features of the human body are inherited from various creatures
The difference between man and animal
1. In animals, physical strength plays an important role, while in humans, mental and spiritual strength is in the foreground.
2. A person has a small hairline.
3. Human communication is several times superior to animal speech.
Human organs - video
Your favorite animal is not only your energy donor and helper, it is a reflection of your essence. There is a belief that when you look into the eyes of your living talisman, you will see yourself in them.
Love for animals is rooted in the distant past. In Egypt, cats were worshiped, putting them on the same level with deities. In India, cows are allowed to be treated the same as their mother. Sheep have long been sacrificed to God. Animals are countless, and each person feels a special connection with our smaller brothers. Someone likes unbridled and wild predators, someone admires the grace of a cat. Everything in this world is interconnected, and our mental connection with animals is no exception. Your favorite animal will say everything for you.
Wise Owl
In some countries, owls act as sinister thieves of luck and messengers of death. In other parts of the world, they are worshiped and endowed with the ability to attract prosperity and enrichment. Today, the owl symbolizes wisdom. If this is your favorite animal, you are very lucky. A mental connection with an owl indicates enhanced mental abilities, developed intuition and insight. You are able to expose the traitor, break through the thorns of lies, find the truth. You are not afraid of change because you know what to expect from it.
Sly Fox
The fox is cunning, grace, speed and showiness in one bottle. There is no animal more amazing than a fox. We have heard about her resourcefulness and dexterity since childhood. Everyone read fairy tales about how one fox deceived everyone around. The fox is ruled by purposefulness and confidence, she achieves the goal by any means. If this is your spirit animal and you admire it, be sure that the fox can also admire your agility and dexterity. You know how to avoid problems, overcome your fears and complexes. You know how to be brave when the time is right, and how to be cunning when stressed. It is in your power to subordinate people to your will, to manipulate and control.
stately horse
Horses are sacred creatures, and love for them is understandable. Even standing next to a horse, you feel the enormous strength and power of this gigantic animal, and at the same time you are amazed at its grace and softness. Minutes spent next to a horse remain forever in the soul. Love for this animal shows that you are a freedom-loving, personable and successful person. You are responsive, clean, fair. You rush towards your dream, overcoming difficulties one after another.
freedom bird
Each bird is a symbol of freedom and spiritual life. In ancient Egypt, the souls of the dead were depicted as birds with human heads, symbolizing the transition to the spiritual, sublime world. The love of birds defines you as a person who is conscious, spiritual, intelligent and incomprehensible. You are patient, wise, but at the same time restless and strive to know the truth.
wild bear
The bear is a very controversial animal. In Russian traditions, it personifies the king of beasts, sometimes a good-natured, but more often a furious predator. Any hero will envy his strength and power. The image of a bear attracts good luck and success. Spiritual connection with a predator suggests that you are a strong personality. You are self-confident, brave, good-natured and sympathetic, not afraid of loneliness, adversity and difficulties.
Brave lion
The lion represents royalty, courage, strength and power. No wonder he is considered the king of animals. Leo is not afraid of anything, fear and defeat are unknown to him. Therefore, if you have respect and admiration for this graceful predator, he will point out your strengths. You are self-confident, sometimes selfish. You know how to choose your life partners and completely control the environment. You always have a leading position at your disposal, and the ability to change the world is given as a bonus.
tender butterfly
Butterfly symbolizes the immortality of the soul, resurrection, the ability to transform and rebirth. This celestial being begins the cycle of life as a caterpillar, reborn as a butterfly. Love for butterflies indicates faith, love and hope. You are not afraid of change, you know how to enjoy it. And the abundant Universe appreciates it very much and constantly makes itself felt. Amazing changes are constantly happening in your life, which you sometimes don’t even know about.
lone wolf
The wolf is a symbol of freedom, fearlessness, purity. A spiritual connection with a wolf speaks of you as a man of honor. You are independent, self-confident, purposeful. In any fight, you fight to win like your spirit animal. The wolf will never choose defeat, even when in mortal danger. It speaks of great courage. To your advantage, you use all sorts of options, never letting go of luck.
Royal tiger
The Chinese consider the tiger to be the king of animals. He is bold, furious, elusive. In mythology, the tiger is often portrayed as an equal rival to the dragon. This predator symbolizes beauty, grace, exclusivity and strength. Love for tigers gives you determination, perseverance, tolerance. You are wise enough, responsible and have the ability to make all dreams come true. You know that the price of success is hard work on yourself in training your strength of mind and will.
smart snake
Many treat snakes with disdain, although they symbolize wisdom, vitality, immortality, healing powers, fertility, and the hearth. In addition, snakes are skilled predators. Serpents are found in many sacred apocrypha, they have been written about since ancient times, assigning them not the last place in the spiritual world. The snake is energy, creation, mindfulness. Your love for snakes shows that you can adapt to any environment. You do not hold sadness and let go of resentment. You are resourceful and always get your way, sometimes in a cunning and easy way. You have enhanced intuition and the ability to distinguish enemies from friends.
Noble deer
Deer - Sun, sunrise of life, light, spirituality, creation, purity. These are amazing animals, whose horns in mythology personify the Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge. Deer admiration shows that you have kindness, love, calmness and selflessness. You know how to control your emotions and have the ability to hear. You are not afraid of anything, because you understand well how this world works. You create and help other people to come to this.
Totem animals come to the rescue when it seems that there is no more hope. Your spiritual connection with your beloved animal awakens your strength in times of need. You chose them not in vain. So, in moments of defeat, turn to the strength of your animal. We wish you a great mood, success, and don't forget to press the buttons and
1. What unites man with animals
What evidence is there for the relationship between humans and animals?
Anthropologist: Like all living beings, a person needs food, water, and sleep to maintain life. Like all animals, he grows old and dies. These similarities, as they say, "lie on the surface." But there are others, perhaps not so obvious. I have already told you that the structure of the human body is in many ways similar to the structure of the body of other animals. Comparing the skeleton or individual organs that perform the same functions (for example, digestion or respiration), scientists find many similarities. Of course, most of these coincidences are with closely related animals (especially monkeys, everyone who has seen a monkey immediately notices this). But even in the case when we begin to compare the human body with the body of such a creature unlike him as a fish, many common features are quickly revealed (fish, like people, have a spine, heart, stomach, nervous system, etc. .).
Is there any other evidence for this?
Anthropologist: Without a doubt! The kinship of man with other animals is evidenced by the presence of so-called rudimentary organs, that is, such organs that have lost their significance in the process of evolution. There are several dozen of them. For example, studying the structure of the coccyx - the lower part of the human spine, consisting of several fused vertebrae, we can conclude that the distant ancestors of man once had a tail. On the human body, many small sparse hairs are the remnants of the thick wool of our ancestors. The human caecum has a small process - the appendix, which is not involved in the process of digestion. But in many herbivores, this is the most important section of the intestine. What does it say? Correctly! Our distant ancestors were herbivores. But when the ancient people switched to meat food, the need for the appendix disappeared, and it eventually turned into a rudimentary organ. You can, if you wish, find other examples that indicate that man came out of the animal world and still has much in common with them.
2. Instincts and reason
How is man different from other animals?
Anthropologist: The main difference between man and all other living beings is that he has a mind. It is thanks to the mind that a person is able to quickly navigate the environment and make decisions that are most appropriate for the present moment.
Well, that's not a fact! Can't other animals do this? Consider at least bees, ants and other insects.
Anthropologist: Yes, at first glance their behavior may seem meaningful. However, scientists have proven that all the actions of insects are dictated not by reason, but by instincts.
Instinct is an innate form of behavior.
Here is just one example. In order to provide their larvae with food, wasps dig minks and drag insects paralyzed by poison (for example, grasshoppers) there. Having put the prey at the hole of the mink, the wasp, before finally dragging it in, quickly “searches” its premises. This is expedient, since you have to drag the prey from afar, and someone could climb into the "apartment". After making sure that everything is in order, the wasp gets out, takes the prey and hides it in a mink. And what will happen if we make minor adjustments to her instinctive actions? When the wasp disappears into the hole, move its prey slightly away from the entrance. In our opinion, nothing has changed, but for the wasp, the entire chain of actions starts all over again. She again drags the paralyzed insect to the entrance and again dives into the hole for a "check". One explorer pushed the prey away forty times, and the wasp each time again and again “searched” the mink, the entrance to which was perfectly visible to her! We can say that she behaved in this case like an automaton. However, this is how it really is. The behavior of insects is "programmed" from their very birth. They behave as they have for many millions of years of evolution. Their every action is dictated by instinct. They are simply not able to “think over”, change their behavior in accordance with changed circumstances.
Suppose everything is clear with insects. What about dogs or monkeys?
Anthropologist: Indeed, the behavior of highly organized animals (for example, dogs or monkeys) is much more complex than the behavior of insects. They are able to make a choice, to foresee the consequences of one or another of their actions. However, in this case, the behavior of animals is instinctive, not rational. Just highly organized animals are capable of learning. Monkeys and dogs, unlike insects, can change their behavior depending on the situation. But they are completely incapable of creativity, of creating something new. This ability is unique to humans. A person works, and as a result of his labor activity, the surrounding world is transformed. A person can think, analyze, generalize, draw conclusions, accumulate and transmit information. He is the only living being who is capable of knowing the world and himself. This feature is called intelligence.
Reason is the ability of a person to understand and comprehend the world and himself, the ability to create and cognize.
It was the mind that allowed man to invent many useful things and take a dominant position on our planet. Yes, he does not run as fast as a leopard, not as sharp-sighted as an eagle, he does not know how to fly like birds, he does not have sharp claws, powerful fangs, thick skin. But thanks to binoculars, a person sees better than an eagle, thanks to a car he moves faster than a leopard, and thanks to an airplane he flies higher and faster than any bird.
People are like animals. So they have instincts too?
Anthropologist: Although man has a mind, he also has instincts. For example, a newborn baby, when hungry, eagerly sucks milk. Nobody taught him this. The child "knows how to eat" from birth. However, the ability to speak, read, play, work and much more a person acquires only through training. That is why they say that instincts play an incomparably smaller role in his life than in the lives of other animals.
3. The brain is the main instrument of mental activity
If the mind is the most important thing that distinguishes man from other animals, then they must have a different brain structure!
Anthropologist: Indeed, the main instrument of human rational activity is his brain. But this vital organ is also found in many other living beings, such as fish, birds, and animals. However, they are not intelligent! It would be tempting to think that his brain is built quite differently from the brains of other animals. However, scientific studies have not confirmed this. In the structure of the human brain, as well as in the structure of its other organs, one can find many common features with the structure of the brain of animals and birds, which once again confirms the fact that man came out of the animal world in his development, that he is part of nature. To begin with, in the work of any brain, be it the brain of a bird, a monkey or a person, special nerve cells, neurons, play a leading role. (For example, in humans, neurons make up one tenth of all cells in the nervous tissue). The complexity of the nervous system is directly related to the number of its constituent neurons. For example, worms have only about 100 of them, while humans have more than 10 billion!
It turns out that the larger the brain size of a creature, the “smarter” it is?
Anthropologist: That's not entirely true. Elephants and dolphins are known to have larger brains than humans. However, only humans are intelligent. Scientists believe that along with the volume of the brain, the number of connections that arise between individual neurons plays an extremely important role. The human brain can be likened to a magical forest: neurons stretch out long processes that intertwine with each other, like tree branches. With the help of these processes, individual neurons constantly exchange nerve impulses with each other. The number of such connections of one neuron alone can reach 20 thousand! In no other creature do the neurons of the brain form such complex and numerous connections. And this is where the human brain differs from the animal brain. However, it should be noted that a newborn baby does not have branched connections between neurons. They are formed only as a result of his communication with other people and learning. The more a person learns, the more he thinks or creates, the more neural connections are established in his brain. And this shows that reason is not given to a person from birth. It is formed, “created” only in a social environment!
"The tiger is also a man, only the shirt is different"
The natives of the island of Kalimantan claim that the Orangutan is also a man, only cunning. He deliberately pretends not to be able to talk so that he will not be forced to work.
Just go to the zoo, Konstantin, and see the orangutan. You will immediately understand that this is a person.