Use the reference material to form real participles. Past participle

Sections: Russian language

Lesson type: learning new material.

Lesson Objectives:

Tutorials:

repeat real and passive participles, their differences;
repeat the formation and spelling of real participles of the present and past tense, passive participles of the present tense;
repeat the dependence of the number of participial forms on the category of transitivity-intransitivity of the verb and its aspect;
Learn how to form passive past participles.

Educational:

development and improvement of the ability to distinguish between real and passive participles;
improving the ability to form real and passive participles, solving spelling problems (choosing a vowel in participle suffixes);
development of the ability to work with diagrams, a textbook reference record, a table;
development of logical thinking;
development of creative abilities of students.

Educational:

education of curiosity
culture of mental work;
formation of independent thinking, self-control skills.

Equipment:

Russian language: Practice. Grade 7: A manual for general education. institutions / S.N. Pimenova, A.P. Eremeeva, A.Yu. Kupalova and others; Ed. S.N. Pimenova. - 10th ed., stereotype. – M.: Bustard, 2003. – 240 p.: ill.
Multimedia products (Program 1C: School. Hello, Communion! / edited by T. Rick).
Projector.
Portable board.
Printed tables, colored circles to indicate the group.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

Before the start of the lesson, the teacher distributes yellow and red tokens to students in the class, which makes it possible to divide the class into two groups: with good and weaker basic training.

Reporting the topic, objectives of the lesson (mobilization of attention).

Teacher: Guys, today in the lesson we will repeat the formation and spelling of real participles of the present and past tense and passive participles of the present tense and learn how passive participles of the past tense are formed.

2. Homework.

Increasing learning motivation; creating a situation in which students are aimed at active work in the classroom.

Teacher: Write down your homework - § 137, exercise. 150. Let's read the task for the exercise. You will need to determine from which verbs these passive past participles are formed. And the material of today's lesson will help you complete the exercise.

3. Actualization of students' knowledge.

Teacher: Guys, you remember that Communion and his friends were in trouble. Robber Joe stole the magic amulet of Communion, without which our hero cannot become an independent part of speech. And to find this amulet, you need to pass various tests. Here is one of them in front of you.

3.1. Individual work in pairs.

Working with a computer program.

Exercise. Distribute real and passive participles into columns (Fig. 1).

Figure 1 You can see.

3.2. Front work.

Teacher: But that is not all. Communion was upset when they brought him a table that he must fill out. But our hero is sure that you will help him.

Exercise. Fill in the gaps in the table where possible, except for the last column
(Table 1).

Table 1

	Valid participles		Passive participles
	present time	past time	present time	past time
(transitive incons. type)	chita…. uy
(transitional owl species) decide
(intransitive inconsistency)		drowsy ... y
(intransitive owl species)doze off

Independent work of students to fill in the table.

Self-test of the task using the key (Table 2) (demonstrated through the projector).

Table 2. Key

	Valid participles		Passive participles
	present time	past time	present time	past time
	reading	reading	readable
(transitional owl species) decide		decided
(intransitive inconsistency)nap	dormant	dozing
(intransitive owl species) doze off		dozed off

Teacher: And why did some cells in our table remain empty? (Not all verbs can form these forms of participles). What does it depend on? (From the transitivity-intransitivity of the verb and from its aspect).

4. New material.

4.1. Preparation for the study of new material, increasing educational motivation.

Teacher: Look at the table, we have one column left blank. How are passive past participles formed? The reference record of the textbook will help you answer this question.

4.2. Organization of independent work of students with the reference record of the textbook.

Open the textbook on page 57.

Exercise. Using the reference material, tell us how and with what help the passive participles of the past tense are formed.

Execution check.

The conclusion on the reference record is formulated by students.

Passive past participles are formed from the stem of the infinitive or the stem of the past tense of the verb using the suffixes -enn-, -nn, -t-.

4.3. Primary fastening.

Training exercise (shown by the teacher on the blackboard, then the students continue to work under the guidance of the teacher).

Exercise. Form passive past participles from these verbs, highlight the suffixes.

Sign - signed, see - seen, dispel - dispelled, bite - bitten, smash - broken.

Draw students' attention to the spelling of the vowel before the participle suffixes.

5. Consolidation of the studied material.

Differentiated tasks by groups.

Teacher: Raise your hands those who received the yellow circle - 1 group. You sit down at the computers and do the following task: form passive past participles from these verbs. Next, independently check the correctness of the work done by clicking the "confirm answer" button (Fig. 2). If you do everything right, raise your hand so that the teacher marks the work done.

Figure 2 You can see.

Students who quickly completed the task can continue to work on the computer until the end of the work of the second group (Fig. 3).

Figure 3 You can see .

Group 2 - exercise 149.

Exercise. Form passive past participles using the given suffixes.

The Russian language is a set of rules that you need not just to know, but to understand in order to write correctly and speak beautifully. "Communion" is one of the important topics, having learned which, you can learn a laconic, but expressive speech. Of particular difficulty is the past participle. Although, if you approach the study thoughtfully, then you can figure it out.

The difference between and without

Compare the sentences: one with and the second is complex with a subordinate clause. The first option is more concise, beautiful and poetic than the second.

It is especially important to be able to replace subordinate clauses for copywriters when fulfilling orders, which indicate the accuracy of the "water content" of texts, because introductory words, prepositions, conjunctions and allied words are just included in the list of "water" expressions.

Communion as a part of speech

Many find it difficult to understand the features of this part of speech. Children even compose funny poems about this:

Boundless misfortune -
Study, decline the sacrament!
I will suffer thoroughly
Until I start the passive
Distinguish from reality.
What is even more painful?

It is known from the school course that the sacrament is not at all simple because it has the properties of both a verb and an adjective. From the verb, this part of speech has form and time, and from the adjective - gender, number, case, full or short form. There is also a real past participle and a passive participle. This function - pledge - it also received from the verb.

Communion time

Usually a distinction is made between past and present tenses. It is clear that in order to define this category, one should understand the semantic feature of the word, think about whether the action is taking place at the moment or has already happened. There is an unequivocal answer to the question of what the past participle is: the meaning of the word indicates that the result is shown here, and not the process. You can compare two options: “running boy” and “running boy”. In the first case, the present tense is used, because the child is performing an action at the moment. In the second case, the child has already finished running and is standing in front of us. Therefore, the tense of the sacrament is past.

Active pledge of participles

How to distinguish the real participle of the past tense from the passive? Yes, simple! First, you need to think about the meaning of the statement. Let's look at this with examples.

Passive participle in the past tense

The verb form we are considering can denote an action that someone else performs with an object. Then the past participle is passive. To better understand this, consider examples.

“The dress worn by the girl was so to her face that everyone around looked at the baby with a smile of tenderness.” From the context it is clear that the outfit itself cannot do anything. This means that “put on” is a passive participle, because the girl performs the action, because it was she who put on the dress.
“The dishes washed by Tanya sparkled with cleanliness.” And here it is clear that up to the moment described, someone did a certain job - the plates themselves could not clear themselves of the remnants of food. Therefore, the word "washed" is a passive past participle.

What are the main conditions for spelling suffixes in participles in the present tense, it seems to be easy to understand, you just need to remember which suffix refers to a particular conjugation.

Forming past participles

They are formed using the stem of the verb of any tense and suffixes that help: loved - loved, wanted - wanted, dreamed - dreamed, feed - fed, carry - carried, climb - crawled out. These are examples of the formation of the past participles of the active voice. The pledge is indicated by the fact that all actions are performed by the objects themselves. For passive participles of the past tense, other examples are suitable: wish - desired, lead - led, ridicule - ridiculed, promise - promised.

Suffixes of the past participles of the active voice

This form is formed from the stem of the verb with the help of suffixes: -vsh-, -sh-. The form and transition in this case do not matter. The suffix used in the formation of the participle depends only on the ending of the stem of the verb.

If it ends in a vowel, then it is written -vsh-. (Examples: draw - draw, build - build, watch - look.)
If there is a consonant at the end of the stem, then you should put the suffix -sh-. (Examples: carry - carry, carry - carry.)
If the participle is formed from a verb in -th, then the suffix -vsh- will be written after the vowel that was in the original verb form before -th. (For example: wash - washed, laugh - laughed, hang - hung.)

Formation table of the past participles of the active voice

Real Communion	initial form of the verb	Transitivity
staring
printed	print
brilliant	shine
flushed
drunk
interrupted	interrupt
truant	truant
fled

Transitivity and definitions of the type of participles

To easily check the transitivity of the participle, you need to put a question to the dependent noun from the verb that forms it. If the question of the accusative case without a preposition is appropriate in this construction, then For example: watch (what?) A film, print (what?) an essay. In the construction “to run (where?) along the road”, the question “what?” does not fit, then it is an intransitive verb, and the participle will have the same category, respectively.

There should be no problems with the view: if the action in the process is an imperfect view, if it has already happened, it is perfect.

Forming passive participles in the past tense

They are formed from the transitive verb of the corresponding tense. There are very few of the sacraments.

Suffix	How does the verb end	Transitivity	From the verb Sov. / Nesov. kind	Examples
				educated, shot
				overwhelmed, donated
	Ot, -nut + monosyllabic verbs			shattered, broken

According to the table, only one important question now arises: when are the suffixes of the passive participles of the past tense written with one "n", and when with two? Here it is important to remember a few simple rules. Imperfect participles will have one "n" if they:

do not have a dependent word, prefix, suffix -ova-/ -yova-: fried, boiled, smoked;
short participles: a partnership is formed, the wife is made up.

Two "n" have full passive past participles, formed by perfective verbs with the presence of:

dependent words: sturgeon fried in oil; peas boiled in broth;
suffixes -ova-/-yova-(The following examples can be given: 1. A child spoiled by her mother screamed in the store. 2. Bewitched by her bewitching gaze, the man immediately fell in love with the beauty).

The participles "spoiled" and "bewitched" have the same syntactic function as adjectives, that is, in a sentence they are most often definitions.

Active past participles can also have a reflexive suffix -sya. For example: a hidden cockroach, spilled sand, a laughing beauty, a frightened fly.

Exceptions to general rules

But there are always exceptions in the Russian language. Words such as "seek", "love" and "take" are incapable of forming passive participles. There is another feature of verbs ending in -sti: they can be reincarnated as passive past participles. For example:

Weave. (It is so convenient to pick mushrooms in baskets woven by grandfather.)
Steal. (We could not find the slippers stolen by the cat for a long time.)
Find. (Sharik's newly found bone made him very happy, because of which he wagged his tail happily.)
To find. (When the teacher discovered the cheat sheets found, Vasya realized that he needed to come up with a better way to cheat, but the more he cheated, the more he had to know.)

Knowledge of the rules of the Russian language is not yet a guarantee that a person will be able to write and speak correctly. They need to be understood. And it is extremely important to develop the ability to use your knowledge in practice.

In the lesson, you will learn more about the concept of "the pledge of the sacrament", consider the differences between the active and passive voice (semantic and grammatical). During the lesson, pay special attention to the suffixes with which participles are formed.

Theme: Communion

Lesson: Active and passive participles

Rice. 2. Verb conjugation

Homework

Exercises number 83 - 84. Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. 34th ed. - M.: Education, 2012.

Exercise: write out phrases with participles, mark the suffixes of participles, determine the pledge of participles.

1. A wonderful monument. 2. Seen from afar 3. Towering building 4. Protected cathedral 5. Protected by law 6. Remaining in memory 7. Terrifying sight 8. Trembling 9. Respectful 10. Passionate tourists 11. Architectural style 12. Frozen music

Russian language in diagrams and tables. Declension of participles.

Didactic materials. Section "Communion"

3. Online store of the publishing house "Lyceum" ().

Spelling of participles.

4. Online store of the publishing house "Lyceum" ().

Literature

1. Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. 13th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2009.

2. Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. 34th ed. - M.: Education, 2012.

3. Russian language. Practice. 7th grade. Ed. S.N. Pimenova. 19th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2012.

4. Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. Russian language. 7th grade. In 3 hours, 8th ed. - M.: Mnemosyne, 2012.