Project on the theme: "The uniqueness of the planet Earth." Completed by: 5th grade student Anastasia Bochkareva. Head: Karakulova Irina Vladimirovna MKOU "Secondary School No. 62"
Why is planet Earth unique?
Hypothesis: Suppose that the planet Earth is unique in that it has life Purpose: Consider what makes the planet Earth unique Tasks: 1. Consider the place of the Earth in the solar system. 2. Prove that the planet Earth is the only one on which there is life. 3. Find out what are the features of the planet Earth that contribute to the existence of life on Earth.
Earth is a planet in the solar system Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto Earth Venus Mars Mercury Pluto Sun Terrestrial planets and little Pluto
Mercury Distance from the Sun - 58 million km Turns around its axis in 58.7 Earth days. There is no atmosphere The temperature on the day side is +400 o C, and on the night side - -100 o C Life is impossible!
Venus Distance from the Sun - 108 million km Turns around its axis in 243 Earth days. The atmosphere is dense of carbon dioxide The temperature reaches +500 o C Life is impossible! Venus
The distance from the Sun is 228 million km. It makes a revolution around its axis in 24 Earth days. The atmosphere is thin rarefied carbon dioxide Average temperature - 70 ° C No water Mars Life is impossible!
Distance of planets from the Sun (in million km) 1 58 2 108 3 150 4 228 5 778 6 1497 7 2886 8 4498 9 5912 Distance in 150 million km. creates the most favorable conditions for the temperature regime of the earth's surface.
Movement of the Earth Sun Earth Moon The distance from the Sun to the Earth is 150 million km. Distance from the Earth to the Moon About 400 thousand km the axial movement of the Earth is completed by the Earth in a year, there is a change of seasons. There is a change of day and night. Earth's orbital motion The Moon is a satellite of the Earth. It makes a complete revolution around the Earth in 1 month.
1. The location and movement of the Earth in outer space: the distance from the Sun is 150 million km. km period of revolution around its axis - 24 hours 2. The presence of the atmosphere 3. Possession of large reserves of water 4. The presence of soil.
The atmosphere is the earth's air envelope, consisting of a mixture of gases. Oxygen -21% Nitrogen -78% Carbon dioxide and other impurities -1%
Significance of the atmosphere for life on Earth: Protects from meteorites and dangerous cosmic radiation; Keeps warm at night Provides living organisms with oxygen necessary for breathing; Provides carbon dioxide for plant nutrition; Water cycles through the atmosphere.
Oceans and seas, together with rivers and lakes, make up the water shell of the Earth - the hydrosphere.
Hydrosphere World Ocean 96% Land water Atmospheric water Surface water Groundwater - 2% RIVERS LAKES SWAMPS GLACIERS - 2% 0.02%
World water cycle Meaning
The value of the hydrosphere for life on Earth: It is part of all living organisms; Is a habitat; Provides a process for the creation of nutrients by plants.
The hard shell of our planet is the lithosphere.
Only our planet has soil - the top fertile layer of the earth.
1. Contains substances necessary for growth; and development of plants 2. Is the habitat.
The role of green plants in maintaining a constant gas composition of the atmosphere and providing oxygen and organic substances to all living organisms For photosynthesis, sunlight is needed Photosynthesis occurs in green plants CO 2 (carbon dioxide) is absorbed by the leaves of plants O 2 (oxygen) is released Glucose is formed, which turns into starch stored by plants. The green substance of plants is chlorophyll. Water enters the tissues of plants from the soil, through the root system.
The biosphere is the shell of the Earth inhabited by living organisms.
The uniqueness of the Earth lies, first of all, in the fact that we live on it, reasonable people, the appearance of which is the pinnacle of the evolution of life.
Geography lesson in grade 5
Lesson Objectives : - Creation of conditions for the formation of an idea of the uniqueness of the planet Earth - our common home.
Planned educational results:
subject-
1. Identify and explain the reason for the uniqueness of planet Earth.
2. Know the basic rules for working in the geography classroom and with TCO.
metasubject – The ability to work with the text, highlight the main thing in it, analyze and summarize the material.
personal – The manifestation of educational and cognitive interest in geographical science and the world around us.
Lesson type - combined
Equipment: presentation, textbook, route sheets, envelopes with assignments. colored pencils, blank sheets for additional notes.
During the classes:
1. Organizational moment.
2. Introduction.
Teacher. Today we will have an unusual lesson. You will be travelers and researchers, you will learn to analyze and draw conclusions using the knowledge of the topic "Universe" and the new ones that you will receive in the lesson. And since our lesson is unusual, then we will start it unusually - with a crossword puzzle (song.)
(The soundtrack of the first verse and chorus of the song by VIA "Earthlings" "Grass near the house" sounds. On the screen is a photo of the Earth from space.
1.Question to the class: What do you think this song is about?
2. CROSSWORD
3 Red planet
5 Science of cosmic bodies
Teacher: You listened to the song and guessed the crossword puzzle, what keyword did you get? (EARTH)
So what are we going to talk about in class today? (ABOUT PLANET EARTH)
Is the song about space travel? What are they needed for? (Looking for life)
2. Actualization of previously acquired knowledge. Role-playing game "Space Expedition"
Teacher: Will we visit the terrestrial planets? What terrestrial planets do you know? (Mercury, Venus, Mars). I promised you a journey and you will now go on a space flight to look for life there.
Crew allocation. Photo of the launching ship
First team -"Mercury" - will fly to Mercury; second -"VENUS" - to Venus; third team -"Mars" - go to Mars. We studied these planets in the "Universe" topic, so you need to remember what you already know about these planets of the solar system, as well as analyze additional information that is on your on-board computers, draw conclusions and write them down in the route sheet. Time is limited - 5 minutes.
Each group works with a slide of the planets. (screenshots)
So, all teams are ready. On your marks. Go!
On the screen, a photo of a launching ship replaces a photo of a space station in orbit.
Group reports.
"Mercury": life on Mercury is impossible, since the temperature on the day side is +400 about C, and at night - -100 about C due to the close distance from the Sun - 58 million km, 3 times closer to the Earth, the absence of an atmosphere, very slow rotation around its axis - 58.7 Earth days.
"Venus": life on Venus is impossible, as the temperature reaches +500 about C because of the very dense atmosphere of carbon dioxide.
"Mars": life on Mars is impossible, because the atmosphere of carbon dioxide is very rarefied, there is no water.
Teacher: What conclusion can we draw from this flight?
Conclusion: life is impossible on other planets known to people!
Sincwine for each planet.
3. Learning new material.
Teacher: We have visited other planets, but we will return to the orbit of planet Earth. How is the earth different from other planets?How can we call it then?
Lesson topic announcement:"The Uniqueness of Planet Earth"
Teacher What features of the Earth ensure the existence of life on it? Read the text of paragraph 14 pp. 70-71 from the questionWhy is life possible on Earth?? Highlight the main features of the planet. Write down the answers on the itinerary sheet.
As the children answer, conclusions appear on the screen.(Slide)
- Location and movement of the earth in outer space.
- Possession of large reserves of water.
- The presence of an atmosphere.
- The presence of soil.
Conclusion: Our planet is unique and there is life on it
Teacher. Let's explore the unique features of the planet Earth. The crew includes scientists studyingclimatology, hydrology and ecology.What are these sciences?
Guys tell me where you can find information about these sciences?(dictionary of physical geography)
And where else can i find information?(in the glossary, on the Internet)
Divide into groups of scientists. Getting Started
Crew work with screenshots and tasks in envelopes.
Exercise 1. Study the slides and read the text:
1. Draw a poster of how the atmosphere and the ozone layer protect the planet.
Climatologists: The importance of the atmosphere for the Earth.
Exercise: 1. Study the slides and read the text:
What do we absorb the most in our lives and what can we do without for the least time? Of course it's air! Very few people know how much air they breathe. During the day, making about 20,000 breaths, a person passes 15 kg of air through the lungs. Without air, we can live no more than 5 minutes. It is clear that the quality of the air we breathe must always be high. The importance of the atmosphere for the preservation and maintenance of life on the planet is very high, especially ozone (a type of oxygen). The ozone layer protects against radiation from space. The atmosphere protects the Earth like a blanket from strong cooling and protects from meteorites.
2. Draw a poster of what the Earth would look like without an atmosphere and an ozone layer? What is the importance of the atmosphere for living things?
Hydrologists: Significance of the hydrosphere for the Earth.
Task: 1. Solve the problem:Water is an amazing substance, it is part of all living organisms. Our body, for example, is almost 2/3 water. Think about your weight, divide it by 3 and multiply by 2. How much water is contained in each of you and in the whole group?
hydrologists: The importance of the hydrosphere for the Earth.
Exercise 1. Study slides and text:Water is an amazing substance, it is a part of all living organisms, a good solvent. And without water, life is not possible at all, because, for example, it is water that ensures the movement of various substances through the organisms of plants, animals and humans and participates in the process of creating organic substances and oxygen by plants. Water is in constant motion all the time. This movement is called the water cycle in nature. The value of the hydrosphere: the water cycle in nature, its role in ensuring the connection of all parts of the hydrosphere into a single whole, replenishing water reserves on Earth, in the redistribution of heat and moisture on the surface of our planet.
2. What role does water play in nature? Write down no more than 3 points about the role of water in nature?
1. Included in _____________________________________________. 2. Is __________________________________________________________ 3. Provides the process of creation by plants _______________ and participates in the redistribution of ___________________ on the surface of our planet.
ecologists: The value of soil for the Earth.
Exercise 1. Study the slides, text and answer the question: what is the importance of soil for life on Earth?
Another feature of the Earth explains the possibility of the existence of life on it: our planet has soil. This is the top fertile layer of the Earth. The soil is a thin surface of the earth's crust - less than one and a half meters deep, which feeds the entire population of the Earth and on which we humans are completely dependent. It is the soil that contains the substances necessary for the growth and development of plants. Green plants absorb minerals and water from the soil, carbon dioxide from the air and, with the participation of sunlight, form the substances necessary for life.
What is the importance of soil for life on Earth?
1. The soil is ________________________________________________________ 2. It contains the substances necessary for ___________________________________, and the plants form the substances ________________________________________
Ecologists: The planet is in danger!
Task: 2. Using the slides, make a five-point memo on how to behave in nature during a nature excursion.
Teacher: Our flight is coming to an end and it's time for us to return to Earth.Flight return slide
Teacher: We found out why the earth is unique! How well do you remember the discoveries you made? Let's check them out by running a test.
Test task on the topic of the lesson.
5. Summing up the lesson.
Teacher: The flight went well and we return to Earth.And I also want to finish today's lesson in an unusual way. We will compose a poem - syncwine. Cinquain is not an ordinary poem, but a poem written in accordance with certain rules. Each line contains a set of words that must be reflected in the poem.
Line 1 - the heading, in which the keyword, concept, theme of the syncwine, expressed in the form of a noun, is taken out.
Line 2 - two adjectives.
Line 3 - three verbs.
Line 4 - a phrase that carries a certain meaning.
Line 5 - summary, conclusion, one word, noun.
An example of a syncwine from a lesson:
Geography lesson
Interesting, educational
Traveled, searched, learned
Lesson passed quickly
Great!
Teacher: Homework assignment: compose poems, a fairy tale, draw a poster or a drawing on the topic of today's lesson "The uniqueness of planet Earth"
Route sheet
participant(s) of the first interplanetary expedition
5-class GBOU secondary school No. 14, teams "Mercury"
Full name _______________________________
Topic: "The uniqueness of the planet Earth"
Target:
1. Crossword.
1 Glowing gas balls in space
2 The star around which the planets revolve
3 Red planet
5 Science of cosmic bodies
2. Using the knowledge of the topic "Universe" and the slide "Mercury", fill in the table and justify the possibility of the existence of humans, animals and plants on Mercury.
Conclusion:________________________________________________________________
1.______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2.______________________________________________________________________
3.______________________________________________________________________
4.______________________________________________________________________
5. Homework.
Creative task: compose poetry, a fairy tale, draw a poster or drawing on the topic of today's lesson "The uniqueness of planet Earth"
Route sheet participant(s) of the first interplanetary expedition 5-class GBOUSOSH No. 14, team "Venus" Full name _______________________________ Topic: "The uniqueness of the planet Earth" Target: deepen and develop knowledge about the Earth. 1.Crossword. 1 Glowing gas balls in space 2 The star around which the planets revolve 3 Red planet 5 Science of cosmic bodies 2. Using the knowledge of the “Universe” topic and the information from the “Venus” slide, fill in the table and justify the possibility of the existence of humans, animals and plants on Venus. Conclusion __ ______________________________________________________________-
3. Answer the question: what features of the Earth ensure the existence of life on it? 1.______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2.______________________________________________________________________ 3.______________________________________________________________________ 4.______________________________________________________________________ |
Earth is a unique planet! Of course, this is true in our solar system and beyond. Nothing observed by scientists leads to the idea that there are other planets like the Earth.
Earth is the only planet orbiting our Sun that we know has life.
Like no other planet, ours is covered in green vegetation, a vast blue ocean containing over a million islands, hundreds of thousands of streams and rivers, vast masses of land called continents, mountains, glaciers and deserts that produce a wide variety of colors and textures.
Some forms of life can be found in almost every ecological niche on the surface of the Earth. Even in very cold Antarctica, hardy microscopic creatures thrive in ponds, tiny wingless insects live in patches of mosses and lichens, and plants grow and bloom annually. From the top of the atmosphere to the bottom of the oceans, from the cold part of the poles to the warm part of the equator, life thrives. To this day, no signs of life have been found on any other planet.
The Earth is huge in size, about 13,000 km in diameter, and weighing approximately 5.981024 kg. The Earth is on average 150 million km from the Sun. If the Earth goes much faster on its 584 million km journey around the Sun, its orbit will become larger and it will move farther from the Sun. If it is too far from the narrow habitable zone, all life will cease to exist on Earth.
If this trip gets a little slower in its orbit, the Earth will move closer to the Sun, and if it moves too close, all life will also perish. The Earth travels around the Sun in 365 days, 6 hours, 49 minutes and 9.54 seconds (sidereal year), more than a thousandth of a second!
If the average annual temperature on the Earth's surface changes by only a few degrees or so, most of the life on it will eventually become fried or frozen. This change will upset the water-glacial relationship and other important balances, with disastrous results. If the Earth spins slower than its axis, all life will die in time, either by freezing at night due to lack of heat from the Sun or by burning during the day from too much heat.
Thus, our "normal" processes on Earth are undoubtedly unique among our solar system, and, according to what we know, throughout the universe:
1. She is a habitable planet. It is the only planet in the solar system that supports life. All forms of life right from the smallest microscopic organisms to huge land and sea animals.
2. Its distance from the Sun (150 million kilometers) is reasonable to give it an average temperature of 18 to 20 degrees Celsius. It's not as hot as Mercury and Venus, and not as cold as Jupiter or Pluto.