Presentation "Using the method of mnemonics in the development of coherent speech of preschool children" in pedagogy - project, report. Presentation "The use of mnemonics in the cognitive and speech development of children" Mnemo tables for the development of speech presentation

“Teach a child some words unknown to him - he will suffer for a long time and in vain, but connect twenty such words with pictures, and he will learn them on the fly”

K.D.Ushinsky.

Educator GBDOU No. 105 Naumenko L.P.

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The concept of "mnemonics"

Mnemonics is a technology for the development of memory, a set of rules and techniques that facilitate memorization.

An example is a familiar phrase that helps to remember the colors of the rainbow:

Every Hunter
Wants to Know
Where the Pheasant Sits

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Mnemonics is the art of memory that has a history of over 2500 years.

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mnemonic table

This is a diagram that contains certain information. The essence of the mnemonic scheme is as follows: for each word or small phrase, a picture (image) is thought up; in this way, the entire text is sketched schematically, looking at these diagrams - the child easily remembers the information.

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Objectives of teaching mnemonics

formation of associative thinking;

development of visual and auditory memory;

development of visual and auditory attention;

development of the imagination.

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Tasks and methods of mnemonics

improvement of perception, vision, hearing, tactile sensations, smell;

the formation of memorization skills in children, to teach children to manage their attention, to make it "obedient";

stimulation of the intellectual development of the child;

teach memorization of any information.

Methods of mnemonics:

Croque method (from French croquis - drawing, diagram, sketch);

A method that uses figurative thinking (eidetism or eidotechnics);

The method of associative chains (or the method of "nonsense");

Method of transformation (transformation);

Cicero method (linking information in space);

Support method (alphabetic method)

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Common tasks for all types of mnemotables

Memory development (training on different memorization techniques)

The ability to analyze, isolate parts, combine into pairs, groups, the whole, the ability to systematize

Development of logic

Development of figurative thinking

Formation of the ability to think coherently, compose stories, recode information

solution of didactic, educational tasks

Development of ingenuity

Attention training

Formation of the skill of the correct graphic image

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Structure of mnemonics

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Types of mnemotables

Educational

Educational

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Stages of working with mnemonic tables:

Stage 1: Examining the table and analyzing what is shown on it.

Stage 2: Information is recoded, i.e. transformation from abstract symbols to images.

Stage 3: After recoding, a retelling of the material on a given topic is carried out.

In younger groups, tasks are performed with the help of a teacher, in older groups, children should be able to do it on their own.

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Educational mnemotables

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Teaching mimic tables

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Memorizing poems and nursery rhymes using mnemonics

In order to arouse interest in children, I use a mnemonic technique focused on visual-figurative thinking of preschool children. For example, we teach with children a poem about spring by A. N. Pleshcheev.

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MDOU No. 5 "Fairy Tale" Educator: Khramtsova Yu. G. Modeling (mnemonics) as a means of developing coherent speech in preschoolers

Mnemonics is a system of methods and techniques that ensure effective memorization, storage and reproduction of information, and of course the development of speech. The use of mnemonics for preschoolers is now becoming more relevant. The purpose of training is the development of memory, thinking, imagination, attention, namely mental processes, because they are closely related to the full development of speech. The basis of education is the development of creative knowledge. In children with speech pathology, it is especially important to develop visual-figurative thinking, using symbols, schemes that underlie the formation of artificial associations that facilitate memorization and increase memory capacity, which is the essence of mnemonics.

Mnemotables-schemes serve as didactic material in the work on the development of coherent speech of children, they are used to: *enrich vocabulary, *when learning to compose stories, *when retelling fiction, *when guessing and guessing riddles, *when memorizing poems. The content of the mnemonic table is a graphic or partially graphic representation of the characters of a fairy tale, natural phenomena, some actions, etc. The main thing is to convey a conditionally visual diagram, depict it in such a way that the drawing is understandable to children.

The work is built from simple to complex: from the simplest mnemonic squares, then we move on to mnemonic tracks and later to mnemonic tables.

When getting acquainted with fiction or when learning how to compose stories, mnemonics is widely used. The work consists of several stages: Stage No. 1 - Examining the table and analyzing what is shown on it. Stage number 2 - Recoding information, i.e. transformation from abstract symbols to images. Stage No. 3 - The retelling of information (fairy tales, stories) is carried out based on symbols (images), that is, the memorization method is being worked out. Stage No. 4 - A graphic sketch of the mnemonic table is made. Step #5 - Each table can be reproduced by the child when shown to him.

"Spring" Spring has come. Spring has three months: March, April, May. In spring, the sun shines brightly and warms a lot. The snow is melting, puddles are all around, streams are running. It's a warm spring rain. Buds swell on the trees and sticky leaves bloom. The first weed appears. Snowdrops bloom right from under the snow - the first heralds of spring. The insects wake up. Migratory birds return from warm places.

Mnemotables are especially effective when learning poems. The use of reference drawings for learning to memorize poems captivates children, turns the lesson into a game. At preschool age, visual-figurative memory predominates, and memorization is mostly involuntary. The visual image preserved in the child after listening, accompanied by viewing the drawings, makes it possible to memorize the text much faster. Stages of work on a poem: Expressive reading of a poem. The message is that this poem children will learn by heart. Then again reading the poem based on the mnemonic table. Questions about the content of the poem, helping children understand the main idea. Find out which words are incomprehensible to children, explain their meaning in a form accessible to children. Read each line of the poem separately. Children repeat it based on the mnemonic table. Children recite a poem based on a mnemonic table. Children draw a mnemonic table from memory.

"Gifts of Autumn" "Winter"

"Spring Summer"

The use of a mnemonic system allows you to speed up the process of automating and differentiating the set sounds, making it easier to memorize and reproduce rhymed texts. Classes are much more interesting and the effectiveness of correctional work increases. Egor has a garden, There are carrots and peas. On the right is Fedora's garden, Tomatoes grow there Early in the morning, taking a basket Alina went to the garden In the garden by the fence, Picked two tomatoes, And in the greenhouse by the porch Two green cucumbers. And the hostess deftly plucked a carrot from the garden.

The main instrument of our mind is memory. Memory is the connection of the past with the present and the future, the process of preserving past experience, making it possible to reuse it. In order for memory not to fail us at the most important moments of life, we need to constantly train it. There are many methods for the effective use and development of memory. For two years I have been using mnemonics techniques with older and younger children in teaching children connected speech. Mnemonics is a system of methods and techniques that ensure effective memorization, storage and reproduction of information, and of course the development of speech.

The peculiarity of the technique is that for indirect memorization, not images of objects, but symbols are offered. Such tasks make it much easier for children to find and memorize words. The symbols are as close as possible to the speech material, for example, an umbrella is used to indicate the phrases “it is raining”, “the wind is blowing” - a leaning tree.

The experience of my work in the use and manufacture of mnemonic tables has shown that it is advisable to give designations that most clearly symbolize the characteristic features of objects. What's this? (question) What color is the fruit? (Colors) Circle, oval. (What shape is it?) Big circle, small circle. (What size is it?) Lemon, candy, salt, honey. (Vitamins) (What does it taste like?) Tree, garden bed. (Where did the fruit grow?) Hand, pan, jar. (What can be prepared from this fruit?)

Mnemotables are especially effective when learning poems. The bottom line is that for each small phrase an image is invented in such a way that the whole poem is sketched schematically. After that, the child from memory, using symbols, reproduces the poem in full. The use of graphic images for learning to memorize poems captivates children, turns the lesson into a game. The visual image allows you to remember the text much faster. To learn each poem, I develop and compile my own mnemotable, select images for each line. Thus, a mnemonic table is created. With the help of a mnemonic table, children expressively reproduce text, poems.

MADOU Kindergarten No. 87 "Ship"

« Use of mnemonics

in cognitive speech

development of preschoolers"

Prepared by: group educators

compensating orientation

Chernousova L.V. Poddubnaya I.V. Shestachenko N.N.

MADOU kindergarten №87 "Ship"

prepared by: educators of groups of compensatory orientation Chernousova L.V. Poddubnaya I.V. Shestachenko N.N.

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Speech problems

preschool children:

Monosyllabic speech consisting of only simple sentences.

Inability to construct a sentence grammatically correctly.

Poverty of speech. Insufficient vocabulary.
The use of non-literary words and expressions.
Poor dialogic speech: inability to competently and accessibly

formulate a question, build a short or detailed

Inability to build a monologue: for example, plot or

descriptive story on the proposed topic, retelling of the text

in your own words.

Lack of logical substantiation of their statements and

Lack of speech culture skills: inability to use

Bad diction.

Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky wrote:

“Teach a child some five words unknown to him - he will suffer for a long time and in vain,

but connect twenty such words with pictures,

and he will learn them on the fly.

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Mnemosyne –

goddess of memory

Mnemotechnics (from Greek mneme - memory and techne - art, skill) the art of memory .

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mnemonics- translated from Greek - "the art of memorization."

mnemonics is a system of methods and techniques that ensure the effective memorization, preservation and reproduction of information.

mnemonics- helps to develop:

associative thinking
visual and auditory memory
visual and auditory attention
imagination
coherent speech
fine motor skills of the hands

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Mnemotable - it is a schema that contains certain information. The essence of mnemonic diagrams is as follows: for each word or small phrase, a picture (image) is thought up; thus, all text is sketched schematically. Looking at these diagrams - drawings, the child easily reproduces textual information.

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Subsequence

work with mnemotables:

Stage 1: reviewing the table and analyzing what is shown on it.

Stage 2: information is recoded, i.e. transformation from abstract symbols of words into images.

Stage 3: after recoding, a retelling of a fairy tale, a story on a given topic, or a reading of a poem based on symbols (images) is carried out, i.e. memorization method is being developed.

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For kids junior and

middle preschool

age required

give colored

mnemotables, as in

children's memory is faster

remain separate

fox - red, mouse -

grey, herringbone green.

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For kids older age it is advisable to draw schemes in one color so as not to draw attention to the brightness of symbolic images.

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Where can mnemonics be used?

Vocabulary Enrichment
Learning to retell
Making up stories
Learning poems, tongue twisters, tongue twisters
Riddles

DESCRIPTIVE STORIES ON LEXICAL TOPICS.

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TELLING A FAIRY TALE

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LEARNING POEMS

We take vegetables in our hands,

Put vegetables on the table

Onions, carrots, zucchini,

Tomato, pea, onion.

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Making up stories

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Winter

Winter came. The sky is covered with gray dark clouds. It often snows cold. Girls and boys go for a walk on the street. They make snowballs and a snowman out of snow. In winter, children go sledding and skating.

Summer

Summer has come. The sun shines bright and warm. Boys and girls swim in the river. They play ball and badminton. Towers and castles are built from sand. Delicious fruits, berries and healthy vegetables ripen in summer.

Autumn

Autumn has come. The sun shines little and does not warm. It is hidden behind gray clouds. It often rains. We go to kindergarten under an umbrella. Strong wind blows. And leaves fall from the trees. The leaves cover everything around with a beautiful, colorful carpet.

Spring

Spring has come. The sun is getting hotter and warmer. Snow is melting outside and streams are running. Girls and boys launch boats on the water. The first buds open on the trees and the first flowers appear. Birds come from hot countries.

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Results.

In children:

the circle of knowledge about the world around is expanding;
there is a desire to retell texts, to come up with interesting

there is an interest in memorizing poems and nursery rhymes, tongue twisters,

vocabulary goes to a higher level;
children overcome shyness, shyness, learn to hold on freely

in front of an audience.

We believe that the sooner we teach children to tell or retell using the method of mnemonics and schemes - models, the better we will prepare them for school, since coherent speech is an important indicator of the child's mental abilities and his readiness for schooling.

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The road will be mastered by the walking one,

so I wish you creative success

in our interesting

and fun activities!

Zaikova E.A. master class 01/15/2013

Sources.

Magazines "Preschool Education" No. 12, 2000; No. 3,10,12 for 2001; No. 4.12 for 2002; No. 9 for 1996.
Ilyina M.V. "Imagination and Creative Thinking". Series "Psychological Service". Bibliophile. M. 2005
Visual and didactic manual Tkachenko T.A. "Compilation of descriptive stories according to reference schemes"

Method. manual, picture set. Moscow: Book lover, 2005.

Tikhomirova L.F. ""Cognitive abilities of children 5-7 years old"". M. 2005
Yuzbekova E.Yu. "Steps of creativity" The place of play in the intellectual development of a preschooler. M. Linka-press. 2006.

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Slides captions:

The use of mnemonics in the development of coherent speech of preschoolers Prepared by the teacher of the 1st qualification category Guseva Natalya Anatolyevna MBDOU Ds No. 15, Kamyshin

What is mnemonics? Mnemonics is a technique of memory development. The word comes from the Greek "mnemonikon" - the art of memorization. Mnemonics is a set of rules and techniques that facilitate the memorization, storage and reproduction of information.

With the help of mnemonics, you can solve the following tasks: Develop coherent speech. To develop in children the ability to understand and tell familiar fairy tales and poems using a graphic analogy. Teach children the correct pronunciation. To develop in children intelligence, the ability to compare, highlight essential features .. To develop mental processes in children: thinking, attention, imagination, memory.

Mnemonics is built from simple to complex: mnemonic square mnemonic track mnemonic table

A mnemonic square is a single image that represents one word, phrase, or simple sentence.

Mnemonic track - a series of pictures (3-5), according to which you can make a short story in 2 - 4 sentences.

A mnemonic table is a whole scheme that contains a text (a story, a verse, a fairy tale, etc.)

Mnemotables serve as didactic material for the development of coherent speech and are used for the purpose of: Images of the sequence of washing, dressing, table setting, etc. Memorizing poems, nursery rhymes; When guessing and guessing riddles; When retelling texts; When writing descriptive stories

Mnemotables displaying the sequence of actions.

Riddles

Speaking tongue twisters SA-SA-SA - I was stung by a wasp, CO-CO-CO - my nose became like a wheel, SY-SY-SY - I am not afraid of an evil wasp, SU-SU-SU - I carry a wasp in my hand!

Saying tongue twisters, memorizing nursery rhymes.

Memorizing poems We take fruits in our hands And put them in a basket: Plum, peach, orange, Pear, kiwi, tangerine.

Retelling of literary texts

Mnemonics in preschool pedagogy is called differently: Collage (Bolsheva T.V.) Object-schematic model (Tkachenko T.A.) Sensory-graphic scheme (Vorobyova V.K.) Scheme for compiling a story (Efimenkova L.N.) Block - square (Glukhov V.P.) (

A collage is a combination on one sheet (flanegraph) of pictures, letters, numbers, figures, which should be connected by one theme and purpose.

Object-schematic models Tkachenko T.A. toy description diagram

Storytelling schemes

Sensory - graphic schemes Vorobyova V.K.

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