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Interjections as a part of speech
Russian language presentation for grades 7-11
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What is an interjection?
An interjection is an invariable part of speech that does not apply to either independent or auxiliary parts of speech. She expresses various feelings, impulses, but does not name them: oh, ah, oh, ba, god. Interjections do not name a subject, i.e. they have no nominative function.
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Non-derivative interjections do not correlate with the words of other parts of speech and usually consist of one, two or three sounds: a, o, e, ah, oh, eh, wow, alas. This group also includes complex interjections such as ah-ah-ah, oh-oh-oh.
Derivatives of interjections are formed from the words of other parts of speech: a) verbs (hello, goodbye, think); b) nouns (priests, guard, Lord); c) adverbs (pretty, full); d) pronouns (the same). Derivative interjections include words of foreign origin (hello, bravo, bis, kaput).
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Types of interjections by origin
Primary interjections are not formed from other parts of speech: ah, oh, wow, hey.
Secondary interjections formed from other parts of speech: from nouns (Nonsense! Trouble! Cover! Right!), From verbs (Hello! Farewell!), From adverbs and pronouns (That's the same! Full!).
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Primitive interjections that have no connection in the modern language with any of the significant parts of speech: a, aha, ah, ay, ah, ba, brr, scat, gay, she-she, them, on, but, well, oh, wow , oh, oh, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, alas, u-lu-lu, uh, uh, fi, fu, ha, hee, ho, chick, hey, ehm, eh, um, mda.
Non-primitive interjections are a group of words correlated with words or forms of one or another significant part of speech (fathers, mothers, Lord, hell). A large number of these interjections are associated with the verb: quit, it will be, sorry (those), pli (from the fall), please, have mercy, tovs (get ready), enough. There are single non-primitive interjections associated with pronominal words, adverbs, particles or unions: won, something, ek, eka; out, away, away; already, however; ts, tsh, tss, sh-sh-sh (from quieter). It is also customary to include indivisible or weakly articulating combinations of a primitive interjection with a particle or pronoun: yes, on you (here), well, well, yes, oh, and also connections well and well, she-she-she.
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Types of interjections by structure
Simple ones consist of one word (ay, oh, alas)
Complex ones are formed by combining two or three interjections (ah-ah-ah, oh-oh-oh, father-lights)
Compounds consist of two or more words (alas and ah; that's the same; here's to you; here's one for you)
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1. Emotional The boundary between purely emotional interjections and emotional-evaluative ones is not always clear enough.
Emotional state interjections (situational) choo, my God, my God, thank God, cheers, alas, Oh!, oh-oh-oh, Ah! WELL!
Interjections of emotional evaluation, (emotional-evaluative) wow (wow), class, Oh, as much as possible, mmm, Oh, how tired I am, Ay, save me! Ay-yai-yai, Fu, finally, Oh, this is another matter, There! Hooray! Yep, that's how it is! Ege, it's not so simple, Ah, so it is?
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2. Incentive (imperative, imperative) bis, down, march, let's go, shh, away, full, out, stop, scat, tsyts, sh-sh, h-h-h, kitty-kitty, chick-chick, but, whoa, guard, hello, Apchi! Bo-o! Woo! Bang Bang! Woo-way! One or two took! Hello gop! Quiet! Om-Nom-nom! Hrrrr! Bye-bye! WELL!
Types (ranks) of interjections by semantics (meaning)
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3. Verbal (onomatopoeic) bam, knock, bang, cheburakh, clap, fuck, fat, stunned!, jumped!, got it!, steamed it!
Types (ranks) of interjections by semantics (meaning)
4. Etiquette thank you, merci, hello, hello, bye, bye, good night, happy holiday, good health, all the best, see you, good morning, goodbye (those), forgive (those), sorry (those) , hello (those), cool
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5. Damn it, damn it, damn it, God, tell me for mercy, my fathers, the devil knows what, that's a miracle, fu you abyss, tell me for mercy, here's another! was not! here's to you! here's one for you!
Types (ranks) of interjections by semantics (meaning)
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Methods for the formation of interjections
stable phraseological combinations separate phraseological turns Here's more! Was not! Here's to you! Here's one for you! Damn it! My God! Holy Fathers! It's tobacco! That's the story! Hell!
transition to another part of speech Trouble! Trouble!; Cholera! Dog! Dog! Blue-winged dove! Woo-way! Stunned! Jumped! Got it! Steamed!
borrowing (copying (usually incomplete and inaccurate) a word or expression from one language to another) Wow (wow!), oops, yes! (from English), Kaput! (from German), aida (from Tatar), guard (from Turkish), allo (from French), bravo, bis (from Latin)
euphemization paragraph, kopets, kopets, kranty
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Interjections can act as an independent exclamatory statement. They are syntactically independent, i.e. not related to other members of the sentence. Interjections are possible as part of a sentence, for example: Ay has spread through the forest! (interjection as subject). Suddenly I heard wow! (interjection as a complement). He fuck me over the head! (interjection in the role of the predicate, the role of the interjection approaches the verb). Mousetrap clap, slammed shut (interjection in the role of a predicate, the role approaches the verb).
The syntactic role of interjections in a sentence
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A significant field for the use of interjections are chats, Internet forums, telephone SMS. According to observations, these interjections are widely used in the speech of young people and schoolchildren.
Interjections of youth vocabulary penetrate into literary works, on TV screens, in feature films as the realities of today. It is enough to look at “Our Russia”, “Give it to you, youth!” or read novels by D. Dontsova. (For example: “Well, it’s more straight!” Yerin’s eyes widened. “Hey, baby, ... Go home, sleep.” “Rita’s quick speech was interrupted by the ringing of her mobile ... the girl grabbed the phone. “Yes, well?” she exclaimed. - What is he doing? Bay! Come on, come!").
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Interjection is a characteristic accessory of colloquial style, its voice element. The role of interjections in oral speech is great: they give the statement a national flavor, naturalness and emotionality. The modern interjection succinctly, concisely and consciously expresses a person's attitude to everything that he may encounter. Interjection as a word that serves to express emotions, convey feelings and motivations of the speaker, carries important information that must be conveyed in order to preserve the true message of the author. Interjections serve the purpose of saving language resources. For example, I did not expect to see, to meet my acquaintance in some place. Surprise about this can be expressed in sentences: And you are here?, How did you get here? You didn't mean to come here. Who do I see ?!, but you can use one interjection: Ba! You can call for silence, you can calm down with the sentences: Hush, please, you can’t hear anything, but you can use one interjection: Shh!
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Interjection sentences
Interjectives are called sentences consisting of interjections pronounced in an appropriate exclamatory or motivating tone.
In interjectional sentences, the feelings or motivations of the speakers are expressed, for example: 1) Ugh! Blundered (Gr.) - an expression of annoyance. 2) Bah! All familiar faces (Gr.) - an expression of surprise. 3) W! How fresh and good! (G.) - an expression of admiration. 4) On! - the urge to take. 5) Out! - a sharp order to leave, etc. Often, an interjectional sentence is formed by an interjectional phraseological phrase, for example: Here you go! (expression of disappointment). Was not! (willingness to do something with some uncertainty about success), etc. Like all phraseological phrases, these interjectional phrases do not fall into parts, and sentences, therefore, are indivisible.
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Attention!
It is impossible to consider as interjection sentences those in which the interjection is used in the role of another part of speech and is any of its members, for example: Far cheers struck (P.) - the interjection ura is used as a noun and is the subject. Bell ding-ding-ding (P.) - the interjection ding-ding-ding is used as a verb and is a predicate. Hey honey! It beats both in the head and in the legs (P.) - the interjection ah yes is used in the sense of an adjective of quality ("good, excellent") and is a predicate in the sentence.
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Punctuation marks in interjectional sentences.
Interjection sentences are separated by an interrogative mark, an exclamatory mark, a dot o y, a lot of dots or commas. EXAMPLES. 1) A-ah ..! - Kostyl was surprised, listening to Lipa. - Ah! .. Well? (Ch.) 2) Shh... Well, why are you shouting? (Crimea.) 3) Well, I settled everything. (Beagle.) 4) These people sing terribly ... fuy! Like jackals. (Ch.) 5) Guard! Take, damned, both the horse and the cart. don't ruin my soul! Guard! (Ch.) 6) I, she-she, am not to blame either in soul or body. (M. G.) 7. I, alas! did not understand him.
Resources Used
Background https://imgfotki.yandex.ru/get/6734/134091466.19a/0_ffe4d_295db0bf_orig /6511/134091466.0 /0_8dcaa_d81cfe24_orig Girl https://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/6513/ 134091466.0/0_8dca9_3276050b_orig
Interjection Ah! Eh! Oh! Wow! Ouch! Russian language lesson in the 7th grade
Here is the last topic of the seventh grade ... Interjection. Have you ever heard this word? And this is the name of a part of speech that does not belong to either an independent or a service part of speech. Strange word, isn't it? So what is an interjection? Alas CSO
Read the poem. Highlight with commas the introductory word repeated in three stanzas of the poem (it happened). What word conveys the feelings of the characters? Same or different feelings? What exactly? Bravo Ba
Eh! - Eh, - the fishermen sighed, - Is it zander? You used to pull out the tail happened with half an arm! - Eh, - zanders sighed, - There used to be worms ... One worm used to eat half a river! - Eh, the worms sighed, - Fishermen used to lie! A. Usachev ish O Ha
The word eh expresses various feelings, but does not name them. After all, it is no coincidence that these feelings are characterized by the same verb sighed. The word eh is an interjection. ! In writing, an interjection is separated by a comma or an exclamation point. Well that's it
Read the given words denoting the feelings (emotions) of a person. Feeling - the internal (mental, mental) state of a person, his emotional experiences; the ability to experience, to respond with the soul to life impressions. Among them there are words with difficult orthograms. Which ones are difficult for you? Annotate them graphically. Pain, indifference, anger, grief, indignation, admiration, annoyance, fear, bewilderment, indignation, hatred, disgust, sadness, contempt, indifference, joy, regret, fear, shame, surprise, reproach, anxiety ... Maybe you can continue this dictionary? Just think heh
Interjection - the word is a tracing paper of the Latin interjectio, which contained two roots, translated into Russian as “between” and “throw, throw”. Interjection literally means "thrown between" (full words). Interjections are immutable words that express various feelings and volitional impulses of a person, but they are not called at the same time. Well, well, those times
Oh, and all parts of speech do not like interjections. “We all signify something,” they say. - Who is the object, who is the sign, who is the action, and they have only one thing on their minds and on their tongues: Ah! Oh! Guard! Therefore, interjections live separately, expressing emotions and motives, but without naming them: “Ah! Wow! Eh! Oh! Alas! Wow! Bravo! Ba! Ouch! Guard! Yes! Fi! Ugh!" Grammar tale Wow
In the Russian language, interjections make up a large and very rich - in terms of the breadth of experiences, sensations, moods they express - a layer of words. In the modern language, according to the “Reverse Dictionary of the Russian Language”, there are 341 interjections - more than prepositions (141), conjunctions (110), particles (149). Brrr what else
Lord, fathers, stupidity, trouble Give it up, thank you, excuse me, goodbye What passions, just think Well, well, that's it, that's it Sources of replenishment of interjections noun
Ah, ah, ah, ah, ah-ah-ah, fathers, bye-bye, my God, bravo, brrr, wow, those times, like that, um, oh my God, yeah, well, what else, oh, no matter how, how, mothers, well, well, well, well, oh, wow, oh, oh, come on, you’ll think, thank God, go crazy, so-and-so, bye, pah, alas, horror, damn it, fi, ha, heh, ho, God forbid, cheers, what the hell, eh. ! Interjections formed by repetition are written with a hyphen.
Bye-bye. Native, familiar to everyone since childhood, the interjection of putting a child to sleep is usually used not alone, but in a whole chain (bayu-bayushki-bayu). This interjection came from the verb to bayat - to speak, to tell tales. Thus, the word bayu-bai turns out to be of the same root as a fable, eloquence (a tendency to verbosity, empty eloquence), charming. Bayu-bayushki-bayu
List all the interjections that are found in the poem. To me, - said Interjection, - It is interesting to live in the world. I express encouragement, Praise, reproach, ban, Gratitude, admiration, Indignation, hello ... Those who are seized by fear, Pronounce the word Ah! Who has a heavy sigh, Pronounce the word Oh! Who meets with trouble, Pronounces the word Oh, Who lags behind friends, Pronounces the word Hey! Who will take the breath, Says the word Wow! It is interesting to live in the world, If you know interjections! Thank God my God
The word "Ah" about yourself. What feelings can be conveyed with this interjection? - Ah, finally I was given the floor! I want to inform you that not only nouns or verbs can have multiple meanings. The nature of the interjection is also very complicated! It turns to you the other side every time. I mean meaning. Oh, how many meanings I have! It's so interesting! And - oh - how difficult! I am perfectly able to express joy and horror, delight and grief, fear and genuine amazement. Do not forget about me, take me with you when you want to talk heart to heart with someone. Oh, I don't think you're listening to me at all! But I have so much to say! More precisely, not to tell, but to express. - Well, what are you! We are listening to you carefully. We've known about you since we were little. We will always turn to you for help. Forgetting you or not hearing is simply impossible! - What are you talking about?! Ah, I'm so touched! Oh
Magic words. Every day we meet and say goodbye, we turn to someone with a request, we thank for the work, for the kindness, we apologize if we made any mistake - and in all these situations these words are our constant companions. They give us a smile of greeting and sadness of farewell, the joy of gratitude and the embarrassment of an apology. Eastern wisdom says: Courteous words of all sooner Before us will open the hearts of people. Ho how
Hello! How many times in our lives do we pronounce this word, the most common and common Russian interjection of greeting when meeting! Now it is for us a simple sign of courtesy. Meanwhile, the original meaning of this word was deeply benevolent. After all, hello literally means “be healthy,” or rather, similarly to the modern greeting. Thank you and please - these two words - interjections of politeness are completely different in terms of their origin. And yet they have something in common, namely the verbal component with which both "begin". The interjection thank you arose as a result of the fusion into one word of the stable phrase God save (the final “g” disappeared over time). The word please was formed from perhaps with the help of a particle (or rather a suffix) - one hundred (compare: (obsolete) thank you, healthy, etc.). The initial one probably appeared, obviously, from a pity - I will thank you. Thank you Please Hello
Dictionary of "polite words". 1. Even an ice block will melt From a warm word ... 2. An old stump will turn green, When he hears ... 3. If we can’t eat anymore, We’ll tell mom ... 4. A polite and developed boy, He says when meeting, ... 5. When we are scolded for pranks, We say ... 6. Both in France and Denmark They say goodbye ... Goodbye Sorry Good afternoon
Check yourself! 1. Thank you. 2. Good afternoon. 3. Thank you. 4. Hello. 5. Excuse me, please. 6. Goodbye. No matter how
Insert the necessary interjections and determine their meaning. 1. ... knight, have pity on me, I can hardly breathe, there is no more urine ... 2. ... you vile glass! You're lying to spite me. 3. ..., suddenly there was a ringing of the horns, And someone calls the carla 4. ..., neither the stones of the necklace, nor the sundress, nor the row of pearls, nor the songs of flattery and fun Her souls do not amuse ... 5. «...! caught up with you! Wait!” the young rider shouts. A.S. Pushkin Ah Aha O Alas
Check yourself! 1. O knight, have pity on me, I can hardly breathe, there is no more urine ... 2. Oh, you vile glass! You're lying to spite me. 3. Choo, suddenly there was a ringing of the horns, And someone calls the carla 4. Alas, neither the stones of the necklace, nor the sundress, nor the row of pearls, nor the songs of flattery and fun Her souls amuse ... 5. “Aha! caught up with you! Wait!” the young rider shouts. Mother A
Find the interjections in the following poem. The word Oh and the word Ah Lost in three pines. And Ox said with a sigh: - Oh, it must be bad! And the word Ah said: - Oh, how scary in the three pines! And they groaned, and groaned, And closed their eyes, and cried: - Oh-oh! Ahah! What a horror! What a fear! And said Oh: “Ho-ho! Really, how easy! And Ah said: “Ha-ha! In fact, nonsense! Get lost in the three pines You can only from sleep. E. Izmailov Oh Ah
Fill in the missing punctuation marks in these sentences. Which punctogram is new to you, and which do you repeat? Highlight interjections. What feelings do they express? Underline as members of the sentence those words in the author's speech that help to understand this. 1. Phew, he sighed with relief and joy. 2. Father Misha! Childhood friend! thin was amazed. 3. Oh, where did it come from? he wondered at himself. 4. Ba It was you who shouted Lyutov so loudly that he made passers-by turn to look at him. Um yeah
Self-examination 1. “Ugh,” he sighed with relief and joy. 2. “Fathers Misha! Childhood friend! - the thin one was amazed. 3. “Oh! Where did it come from? he wondered at himself. 4. “Bah! It's you!" shouted Lyutov so loudly that he made passers-by turn to look at him. "P", - a. Fi Lord
Homework 1. Continue the dictionary of feelings. 2. Write out sentences with interjections from the fables of I.A. Krylov, determine their meaning.
Thank you for your attention!
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Formulate the objectives of the lesson: Learn what ... Learn ..., distinguish .... Use…
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Draw the interjection OH!
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HURRAH! GOAL!
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INTERJECTIONS IN OUR LIFE Capacious than the organ and louder than the tambourine The tale - and one for all: "Oh" - when it's difficult, and "ah" - when it's wonderful, But it's not given - "eh!" Marina Tsvetaeva
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Interjection
It is interesting to live in the world if you know interjections! Interjections are words that express feelings, moods and impulses, but do not name them. Interjections are a special part of speech that is not included in either independent or auxiliary parts of speech.
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Interjections perform an expressive or incentive function, expressing:
Feelings of the speaker (ooh, ooh, ooh) Call (hey, chick-chick) Command (shoo)
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Groups of interjections by meaning:
Emotional Imperative Etiquette
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Emotional interjections express various feelings:
Joy Grief Sadness Surprise Delight Anger
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Etiquette interjections:
All etiquette words refer to etiquette interjections: hello, goodbye, thank you, thank you, goodbye, sorry, please, be kind, be kind, all the best.
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Derivative and non-derivative interjections
Interjections are non-derivative: ah, oh, y, a, uh, oh-oh, and derivatives: come on, sorry. Derivatives (they are formed from independent parts of speech). They should be distinguished from homonymous parts of speech: Excuse me.
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Onomatopoeic words.
Interjections are adjoined by onomatopoeic words that do not express either feelings or motivation for action, but convey the cries of animals and birds, the sounds of inanimate nature: meow, qua, mu-u, bul-bul, ha-ha-ha. It is interesting to live in the world if you know interjections!
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Onomatopoeic words
It is interesting to live in the world if you know interjections!
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General information on onomatopoeic words
Onomatopoeic words, like interjections, are the basis for the formation of words of other parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, verbs that are actively used in speech. For example: The frog assured that it was necessary to croak kva. / The cuckoo repeated that somewhere there is a kuku; ... Her hearing was struck by the most miserable meow.
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Uncommon onomatopoeic words
Onomatopoeia are unusual already in that they have a direct resemblance to the sounds of the outside world. Some of them are characterized by a non-standard sound image. Another feature of onomatopoeia is that they often have phonetic variants. It is interesting to live in the world if you know interjections!
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Interjection and onomatopoeic words
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Interjections - words expressing feelings, moods, impulses Derivatives Batyushki! Guard! Drop it! Non-derivative Ah! Oh! Wow! Interjections do not change and are not members of a sentence In a sentence, they are most often distinguished by commas, less often by an exclamation mark!
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Onomatopoeic words are the first steps in understanding the world around us In speech communication in the classroom, at home, in a company, interjections expressing emotions and emotional assessments are more often used. Some interjections are ambiguous. New words are formed from interjections Interjections and we
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Speech etiquette
Speech communication is a mirror that reflects the level of upbringing, the internal culture of a person Information in speech etiquette indicates a measure of respect for the interlocutor Etiquette words and phrases are used in the speech of each person daily and repeatedly Speech etiquette is distinguished by historically changeable communication rules The use of etiquette words is mandatory for all members of society
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Interjections in the media and youth slang
Youth slang includes a large number of interjections expressing various emotions and wills The media use slang interjections as a means of communicating with the audience in its language Popular programs dedicated to the world of show business are vivid examples of the use of youth slang interjections In other television programs and in the vast majority of youth magazines and newspapers, slang interjections are used in rare cases and only as an expressive device When using foreign interjections (wow, oops, yo) in written speech, comic effect Slide 29
What are interjections for? What question is being answered? What are the members of the proposal?
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I, - said the Interjection, - It is interesting to live in the world, I express encouragement, Praise, reproach, prohibition, Gratitude, admiration, Indignation, hello ... Those who are seized by fear, Speak the word ... Who has a heavy sigh, Speak the word ... Who meets with trouble , Says the word ... Who lags behind friends, Says the word ... Who will take their breath away, Says the word ...
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Make sentences with the given interjections. Don't forget about punctuation in sentences with interjections!
View all slides
Plan Grammatical meaning of interjections Functions of interjections Groups of interjections Punctuation marks and hyphens in interjections Derived and non-derivative interjections Onomatopoeic words General information of onomatopoeic words Unusualness of onomatopoeic words Interjection and onomatopoeic words
Onomatopoeic words. Interjections are adjoined by onomatopoeic words that express neither feelings nor motivation for action, but convey the cries of animals and birds, the sounds of inanimate nature: meow, qua, mu-u, bul-bul, ha-ha-ha. It is interesting to live in the world if you know interjections!
General information onomatopoeic words Onomatopoeic words, like interjections, are the basis for the formation of words of other parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, verbs that are actively used in speech. For example: The frog assured that it was necessary to croak kwa. / The cuckoo repeated that somewhere there is a cuckoo; ... Her hearing was struck by the most miserable meow.
Unusual onomatopoeic words. Onomatopoeia are unusual already in that they have a direct resemblance to the sounds of the outside world. Some of them are characterized by a non-standard sound image. Another feature of onomatopoeia is that they often have phonetic variants. It is interesting to live in the world if you know interjections!
Interjection and onomatopoeic words. 1) A special part of speech. But neither independent nor official. 2) Expresses feelings, mood, motivation. but does not name them. 3) Are not members of the proposal. but Can be used in the meaning of other parts: A voiced ay was heard in the forest. 4) Derivatives (from independent parts of speech): Guard! Non-derivatives: ah, oh, well, hey, etc. Do not change. Interjection is an accessory of oral speech. Interjections and onomatopoeia formed by repetition are written with a hyphen: bye-bye, wow-wow.
