Law on scientific activity of the Russian Federation. Genetic resistance to leukemia

New knowledge is necessary for mankind to develop, understand and improve the world. Research in medicine, education and other areas of human life is regulated by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation.

Federal Law "On Science and State Scientific and Technical Policy" N 127-FZ was adopted by the State Duma of the Russian Federation and approved by the Federation Council on August 7, 1996. The regulation implies relations between scientists, government agencies and consumers of scientific and technical work, research, and services.

The law states that employees of scientific activities have the right to choose to conduct research of interest, as well as:

code of choice in the subject and method of experimental work;
protection from unfair competition;
understanding of risk;
access to any information, except for secret information (this item is described in more detail in Article No. 3 of the Federal Law on Science).

A scientist is a citizen of the Russian Federation (by the way, learn about the law of the Russian Federation on), who has a certain scientific degree (candidate, doctor, associate professor or professor). Qualification is awarded based on the results of certification. By law, a scientist has the right to:

recognition of authorship;
receiving remuneration for their activities, for example, for their own invention;
payment of interest for the sale of its final product;
engaging in own entrepreneurial scientific activity;
take part in scientific research, conferences and colloquia;
financing of their research at the expense of the state;
participation in competitions and projects;
additional education.

To confer a scientific degree, candidates must write a dissertation and have a higher education. Masters and PhD students are allowed. Doctor of Sciences is the next step in the qualification of scientific and technical workers (Article 4 of the Federal Law on Science). To protect the scientific work, an attestation commission is created, which gives an assessment, and also decides on the assignment or deprivation of the candidate's scientific degree.

To confirm a document on a scientific degree, it is necessary to certify it legally. It is mandatory for foreign employees or the recognition of documents as valid in another foreign country. According to the law, confirmation of documents is carried out on the basis of a written application of the applicant (Article No. 6 FZ-127).

The state daily considers applications for recognition of sciences as socially significant. By law, organizations are entitled to benefits, financing of their projects, subsequent recognition and attraction of foreign specialists. For the development of projects, scientific and technical support funds are created. The founders can be both individuals and legal entities interested in the development of science. The work of the support fund is regulated by the Federal Law on Science, and implies:

formation of directions of scientific and technical research;
choice of program and academic projects;
carrying out examinations;
financing;
control of processes of scientific and technical activity;
cooperation with foreign foundations for the support of natural sciences (Article 15.1 of December 27, 2000, Federal Law on Science).

The law was amended in 2011. They define aspects of the budgetary organization of scientific and technical activities - grants. Financing of projects is allowed by foreign support funds, and is regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation (Article No. 2, Federal Law on Science).

Important! At number 127 in the Russian Federation, there is also an important law on the insolvency of citizens and bankruptcy. You can get acquainted with the main provisions

Recent changes in the law on science

The Federal Law on scientific activity was supplemented on May 18, 2016. The latest edition touched on Article 4, which refers to the transfer of powers to universities to independently regulate part of the processes for the protection of academic works.

Moscow and St. Petersburg State Universities, as well as other higher educational institutions that have achieved results in the preparation and implementation of scientific and technical activities, have the right to independently approve regulations on councils for the defense of scientific dissertations. Likewise, universities have the right to:

regulate the rules for awarding an academic degree;
establish the criteria that dissertations must meet;
These universities make decisions on granting and withdrawing degrees.

Law on science and scientific activity 127

The Federal Law "On Science and State Science and Technology Policy" regulates the conduct of academic research and the activities of organizations based on requirements.

Download Federal Law "On Science and State Science and Technology Policy" 127

It does not work Edition from 23.08.1996

FEDERAL LAW dated 23.08.96 N 127-FZ "ON SCIENCE AND STATE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL POLICY"

This Federal Law regulates relations between subjects of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities, public authorities and consumers of scientific and (or) scientific and technical products (works and services).

Chapter I. General Provisions

The legislation on science and state scientific and technological policy consists of this Federal Law and the laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation adopted in accordance with it, as well as laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Scientific (research) activity (hereinafter referred to as scientific activity) is an activity aimed at obtaining and applying new knowledge, including:

fundamental scientific research - experimental or theoretical activity aimed at obtaining new knowledge about the basic patterns of the structure, functioning and development of a person, society, and the natural environment;

applied scientific research - research aimed primarily at the application of new knowledge to achieve practical goals and solve specific problems.

Scientific and technical activities - activities aimed at obtaining, applying new knowledge to solve technological, engineering, economic, social, humanitarian and other problems, ensuring the functioning of science, technology and production as a single system.

Experimental development - an activity that is based on knowledge acquired as a result of scientific research or on the basis of practical experience, and is aimed at preserving human life and health, creating new materials, products, processes, devices, services, systems or methods and their further improvement .

The state scientific and technical policy is an integral part of the socio-economic policy, which expresses the attitude of the state to scientific and scientific and technical activities, determines the goals, directions, forms of activity of the state authorities of the Russian Federation in the field of science, technology and the implementation of the achievements of science and technology.

Scientific and (or) scientific and technical result - a product of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities, containing new knowledge or solutions and recorded on any information carrier.

Scientific and (or) scientific and technical products - a scientific and (or) scientific and technical result, including the result of intellectual activity, intended for implementation.

Grants - cash and other funds transferred free of charge and irrevocably by citizens and legal entities, including foreign citizens and foreign legal entities, as well as international organizations that have received the right to provide grants on the territory of the Russian Federation in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation, to conduct specific scientific research on the terms provided by the grantors.

Chapter II. Subjects of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activity

1. Scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities are carried out in the manner established by this Federal Law by individuals - citizens of the Russian Federation, as well as foreign citizens, stateless persons within the rights established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and legal entities, provided that scientific and (or) scientific and technical activity is provided for by their constituent documents.

2. Bodies of state power of the Russian Federation in accordance with this Federal Law:

guarantee the freedom of creativity to the subjects of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activity, giving them the right to choose directions and methods for conducting scientific research and experimental development;

guarantee the subjects of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activity protection from unfair competition;

recognize the right to a reasonable risk in scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities;

provide freedom of access to scientific and scientific and technical information, except for the cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation in relation to state, official or commercial secrets;

guarantee the training, advanced training and retraining of scientists and specialists of state scientific organizations;

guarantee financing of projects carried out under state orders.

1. A scientific worker (researcher) is a citizen who has the necessary qualifications and is professionally engaged in scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities.

The legal basis for assessing the qualifications of scientists and specialists of a scientific organization and the criteria for this assessment are determined in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation and are provided by the state certification system.

The results of certification can be appealed and canceled by a higher certification commission. In cases of violation of the procedure or criteria for assessing the qualifications of scientific workers and specialists of a scientific organization, the results of attestation may be appealed and canceled in court.

2. A specialist of a scientific organization (engineering and technical worker) is a citizen who has a secondary vocational or higher professional education and contributes to obtaining a scientific and (or) scientific and technical result or its implementation.

3. An employee of the sphere of scientific services is a citizen who ensures the creation of the necessary conditions for scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities in a scientific organization.

4. A researcher has the right to:

receipt in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation of income from the implementation of scientific and (or) scientific and technical results, the author of which he is;

an objective assessment of his scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities and the receipt of remuneration, incentives and benefits corresponding to his creative contribution;

implementation of entrepreneurial activities in the field of science and technology, not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation;

filing applications for participation in scientific discussions, conferences and symposiums and other collective discussions;

participation in the competition for the financing of scientific research at the expense of the relevant budget, funds for supporting scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities and other sources not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation;

filing applications for participation in international scientific and scientific and technical cooperation (internships, business trips, publication of scientific and (or) scientific and technical results outside the territory of the Russian Federation);

access to information on scientific and scientific and technical results, if it does not contain information related to state, official or commercial secrets;

publication in the open press of scientific and (or) scientific and technical results, if they do not contain information related to state, official or commercial secrets;

motivated refusal to participate in scientific research that has a negative impact on a person, society and the natural environment;

improvement of scientific qualification.

5. The scientific worker is obliged:

carry out scientific, scientific and technical activities and (or) experimental developments without violating the rights and freedoms of a person, without causing harm to his life and health, as well as to the natural environment;

objectively carry out examinations of scientific and scientific and technical programs and projects submitted to him, scientific and (or) scientific and technical results and experimental developments.

6. Researchers may conclude agreements on joint scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

7. Research workers have the right to create public associations on a voluntary basis (including scientific, scientific-technical and scientific-educational societies, public academies of sciences) in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation on public associations.

Public academies of sciences participate in the coordination of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities and act in accordance with their charters and the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The state authorities of the Russian Federation and the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation may, on a voluntary basis, engage public associations of scientists in the preparation of draft decisions in the field of science and technology, the conduct of expert examinations, as well as, on the basis of competitions, in the implementation of scientific and scientific and technical programs and projects, funded from the respective budget.

1. A scientific organization is recognized as a legal entity, regardless of the organizational and legal form and form of ownership, as well as a public association of scientists, carrying out as the main scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities, training scientists and acting in accordance with the constituent documents of a scientific organization .

Scientific organizations are subdivided into research organizations, scientific organizations of educational institutions of higher professional education, experimental design, design, design and technology and other organizations engaged in scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities.

2. The Government of the Russian Federation and the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation organize state accreditation of scientific organizations in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and issue them certificates of state accreditation. The procedure for state accreditation is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

A certificate of state accreditation is issued to a scientific organization, the volume of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities of which is at least seventy percent of the total volume of work performed by the specified organization and the charter of which provides for the scientific (scientific, technical, scientific and technical) council as one of the bodies management.

The certificate of state accreditation is the basis for granting tax benefits to a scientific organization, provided for by the tax legislation of the Russian Federation, and other benefits established for scientific organizations by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

A scientific organization that has unique experimental equipment, highly qualified scientists and specialists, and whose scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities have received international recognition, may be assigned the status of a state scientific center by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Refusal to issue a certificate of state accreditation of a scientific organization may not be an obstacle to the implementation of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities.

3. A scientific organization owns, uses and disposes of the property transferred to it by the founders for the implementation of activities determined by the constituent documents.

The procedure for possession, use and disposal of the property of a scientific organization is determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

4. A scientific organization is obliged to maintain and develop its research and experimental base, to update its production facilities.

5. A scientific organization carries out scientific and scientific and technical cooperation with foreign legal entities and foreign economic activity in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and international treaties of the Russian Federation.

6. A scientific organization is created, reorganized and liquidated in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

When reorganizing a state scientific organization, the technological unity of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities must be maintained. It is not allowed to separate from the composition of the specified scientific organization an experimental, experimental-experimental, experimental-educational, experimental-pharmaceutical production and medical bases.

Executive authorities of the Russian Federation, executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation that have established a state scientific organization may allocate funds for the renewal, overhaul and current repairs of the property of this organization and, if the funds of this organization are insufficient, bear subsidiary liability for its obligations if the state scientific organization the organization is created in the form of an institution or a unitary enterprise based on the right of operational management.

7. The land plots allocated in accordance with the established procedure are assigned to state scientific organizations for unlimited free use.

1. The Russian Academy of Sciences, branch academies of sciences (Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Academy of Education, Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences, Russian Academy of Arts) have a state status: they are established by federal government bodies, financed from federal funds budget, are vested with the rights to manage their activities and property.

Academies of Sciences are created, reorganized and liquidated by federal law on the proposal of the President of the Russian Federation or the Government of the Russian Federation.

The Russian Academy of Sciences, branch academies of sciences include scientific organizations and organizations of scientific service and the social sphere.

The structure of the Russian Academy of Sciences and branch academies of sciences, the procedure for the activities and financing of their constituent organizations for scientific services and the social sphere are determined by the charters of these academies of sciences.

2. The Russian Academy of Sciences is a self-governing organization operating on the basis of the legislation of the Russian Federation and its charter. The Russian Academy of Sciences conducts fundamental and applied scientific research on the most important problems of the natural, technical and human sciences and takes part in the coordination of fundamental scientific research carried out by scientific organizations and educational institutions of higher professional education and financed from the federal budget.

3. Branch academies of sciences are self-governing organizations, conduct fundamental and applied scientific research in the relevant fields of science and technology and participate in the coordination of scientific research data.

4. Financing of the Russian Academy of Sciences and branch academies of sciences is carried out at the expense of the federal budget, indicated in it in a separate line, and other sources not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The results of scientific research carried out with the use of federal budget funds of the Russian Academy of Sciences and branch academies of sciences are transferred to the state in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The Academies of Sciences annually submit to the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation reports on the conducted scientific research and scientific and (or) scientific and technical results.

5. The Russian Academy of Sciences and branch academies of sciences, their scientific organizations and organizations of scientific services and the social sphere own, use and dispose of federal property transferred to them for operational management or economic management in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. Registers of property transferred to the academies of sciences for operational management or economic management are approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

6. The academies of sciences, their scientific organizations and organizations of scientific service and the social sphere shall be assigned land plots allocated to them in accordance with the established procedure for unlimited free use.

Chapter III. Organization and principles of regulation of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities

1. The management of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities is carried out on the basis of a combination of the principles of state regulation and self-government.

2. Bodies of state power of the Russian Federation, bodies of state power of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, scientific organizations and organizations of scientific services and the social sphere, within their powers, determine the relevant priority areas for the development of science and technology, ensure the formation of a system of scientific organizations, the implementation of intersectoral coordination of scientific and (or ) scientific and technical activities, the development and implementation of scientific and scientific and technical programs and projects, the development of forms of integration of science and production, the implementation of the achievements of science and technology.

3. The management of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities is carried out within the limits that do not violate the freedom of scientific creativity.

State authorities establishing state scientific organizations:

approve the charters of state scientific organizations;

exercise control over the effective use and safety of property provided to state scientific organizations;

perform other functions within their powers.

Heads of state scientific organizations and scientific organizations of academies of sciences, as well as non-state scientific organizations are appointed (elected) in accordance with the law and in the manner prescribed by their charters.

4. Scientific councils of state scientific organizations develop and approve plans for scientific work and development of state scientific organizations publicly based on state assignments, the profile of state scientific organizations, their scientific and economic interests.

1. The main legal form of relations between a scientific organization, a customer and other consumers of scientific and (or) scientific and technical products, including ministries and other federal executive bodies, are agreements (contracts) for the creation, transfer and use of scientific and (or ) scientific and technical products, provision of scientific, scientific and technical, engineering and consulting and other services, as well as other agreements, including agreements on joint scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities and distribution of profits.

2. On the basis of these agreements (contracts), scientific research and experimental development for state needs are carried out. In these cases, agreements (contracts) are concluded between the state body - the customer and the organization - the executor.

The Government of the Russian Federation and the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that have established state scientific organizations have the right to establish a mandatory state order for state scientific organizations to carry out scientific research and experimental development.

3. The terms of possession, use and disposal of scientific and (or) scientific and technical results are determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as agreements (contracts) of the parties that are subjects of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities and consumers of scientific and (or) scientific and (or) scientific and technical products.

1. The subjects of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities shall have the right to exchange information, with the exception of information containing information related to state, official or commercial secrets.

2. The Government of the Russian Federation ensures the creation of federal information funds and systems in the field of science and technology that collect, state registration, analytical processing, storage and communication to consumers of scientific and technical information, promotes the publication of scientific and scientific and technical products, the acquisition of scientific journals, books, other printed publications about scientific and (or) scientific and technical results outside the territory of the Russian Federation.

The Government of the Russian Federation guarantees the subjects of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities access to the said information, the right to acquire it, and provides them with access to international information funds and systems in the field of science and technology.

3. In the event of liquidation of state scientific organizations under which data banks and databases of scientific and (or) scientific and technical information operate, the safety of these data banks and databases and their transfer to successors in the prescribed manner are ensured.

The Government of the Russian Federation has the right:

establish the procedure for conducting scientific research and using scientific and (or) scientific and technical results that may pose a threat to the security of the Russian Federation, the health of citizens, and the natural environment;

to license certain types of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities;

introduce, in the cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, restrictions on the right to use certain scientific and (or) scientific and technical results, extending the regime of secrecy to them and exercising supervision over its observance;

introduce certification and metrological requirements for certain types of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities.

Chapter IV. Formation and implementation of the state scientific and technical policy

1. The main goals of the state scientific and technical policy are the development, rational distribution and effective use of scientific and technical potential, increasing the contribution of science and technology to the development of the state economy, the implementation of the most important social tasks, ensuring progressive structural transformations in the field of material production, increasing its efficiency and competitiveness of products, improving the environmental situation and protecting the information resources of the state, strengthening the defense capability of the state and the security of the individual, society and the state, strengthening the relationship between science and education.

2. The state scientific and technical policy is carried out on the basis of the following basic principles:

recognition of science as a socially significant industry that determines the level of development of the productive forces of the state;

publicity and the use of various forms of public discussions in the selection of priority areas for the development of science and technology and the examination of scientific and scientific and technical programs and projects, the implementation of which is carried out on the basis of competitions;

guarantee of priority development of fundamental scientific research;

integration of scientific, scientific, technical and educational activities based on various forms of participation of employees, graduate students and students of educational institutions of higher professional education in scientific research and experimental development through the creation of educational and scientific complexes on the basis of educational institutions of higher professional education, scientific organizations of academies of sciences that have state status, as well as scientific organizations of ministries and other federal executive bodies;

support for competition and entrepreneurial activity in the field of science and technology;

concentration of resources in priority areas of development of science and technology;

stimulation of scientific, scientific-technical and innovative activities through a system of economic and other benefits;

development of scientific, scientific, technical and innovative activities through the creation of a system of state scientific centers and other structures;

stimulation of scientific, scientific, technical and innovative activities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the integration of their scientific and technical potential;

development of international scientific and scientific-technical cooperation of the Russian Federation.

1. The jurisdiction of state authorities of the Russian Federation includes:

development and implementation of a unified state scientific and technical policy;

selection of priority areas for the development of science and technology in the Russian Federation;

formation and implementation of federal scientific and scientific-technical programs and projects, as well as the determination of federal executive bodies responsible for their implementation;

financing of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities at the expense of the federal budget;

establishment of a system of economic and other benefits in order to stimulate scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities and the use of its results;

assistance in the development of scientific, scientific, technical and innovative activities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

management of state scientific organizations of federal significance, including their creation, reorganization and liquidation;

implementation of obligations under scientific and scientific-technical programs and projects stipulated by international treaties of the Russian Federation;

protection of intellectual property rights;

formation of unified systems of standardization, ensuring the uniformity of measurements, certification, scientific and technical information, patent and licensing business and their management;

establishment of the state system of attestation of scientific and scientific and technical workers.

The Government of the Russian Federation determines the powers of the federal executive authorities in the field of formation and implementation of a unified state scientific and technical policy, approves federal scientific and scientific and technical programs and projects in priority areas of development of science and technology.

The formation and practical implementation of the state scientific and technical policy for civil purposes is provided by the Ministry of Science and Technical Policy of the Russian Federation or its successor together with the Russian Academy of Sciences, industry academies of sciences, federal executive authorities.

Formation and practical implementation of the state policy to support the priority areas of the defense industry, industries of defense importance and related science and education are provided by the executive authorities that conduct state defense orders.

2. The joint jurisdiction of the state authorities of the Russian Federation and the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation includes:

formation of an economic mechanism for the implementation of the state scientific and technical policy;

organization of scientific and technical forecasting;

placement of objects of scientific and technical potential and creation of infrastructure for scientific, technical and innovative activities;

formation of markets for scientific and (or) scientific and technical products of the Russian Federation and constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

formation of the scientific and technical base of scientific organizations of federal significance located in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

development and implementation of measures for the social protection of scientific and scientific and technical workers, including their material support;

formation of joint funds for scientific, scientific-technical and technological development;

international scientific relations.

3. The jurisdiction of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation includes:

participation in the development and implementation of the state scientific and technical policy;

determination of priority areas for the development of science and technology in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

formation of scientific and scientific-technical programs and projects of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

financing of scientific and scientific and technical activities at the expense of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

formation of management bodies in the field of scientific and scientific and technical activities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and interregional bodies;

management of state scientific organizations of regional importance, including their creation, reorganization and liquidation;

control over the activities of state scientific organizations of federal significance on issues related to the powers of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

creation of conditions for more efficient use of available material and information resources;

formation of interregional and regional funds for scientific, scientific, technical and technological development;

exercising other powers not assigned by federal laws to the jurisdiction of state authorities of the Russian Federation.

4. On issues of joint jurisdiction, the bodies of state power of the Russian Federation, in the exercise of their powers, interact with the relevant bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the form of:

preparation of joint proposals on improving the organizational and economic mechanism of scientific and innovative activities;

participation of representatives of the relevant state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the composition of scientific and coordinating councils on problems of science and technology, scientific and technical commissions, expert and working groups created by the state authorities of the Russian Federation;

mutual transfer of individual powers to coordinate scientific and technical activities affecting the joint interests of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

preparation and implementation of joint measures for the maintenance and development of the social sphere of scientific organizations.

1. The directions of the state scientific and technological policy for the medium and long term are determined by the President of the Russian Federation on the basis of a special report of the Government of the Russian Federation, formed taking into account the proposals of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

2. The legislative body of state power of the Russian Federation annually, in accordance with the message of the President of the Russian Federation on the situation in the Russian Federation and the proposals of the Government of the Russian Federation, determines, when approving the federal budget, the annual amount of funds allocated for the implementation of federal scientific and technical programs and projects, the amount of funding for scientific organizations and the amount of funds directed to the federal funds for the support of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities, as well as the system of economic benefits that stimulate this activity.

3. Determination of the main directions of the state scientific and technical policy, scientific and technical forecasting, selection of priority areas for the development of science and technology, development of recommendations and proposals for the implementation of scientific and scientific and technical programs and projects, for the use of achievements in science and technology are carried out in conditions of publicity, using various forms of public discussions, examinations and competitions.

The state scientific and technical policy in relation to industries is developed and implemented by the relevant executive authorities with the involvement of economic entities and their associations, taking into account the unified state scientific and technical policy.

4. The state scientific and technical policy of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is formed and carried out through the interaction of state authorities of the Russian Federation and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The state scientific and technical policy at the regional level is developed and implemented by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, taking into account the unified state scientific and technical policy and the interests of the regions.

5. State authorities contribute to maintaining a high level of scientific and technical potential of organizations producing defense products and other organizations in the conditions of conversion, provide economic, organizational, social and other support to their research teams.

The federal executive body responsible for the performance of work under the federal scientific and (or) scientific and technical program, performs the functions of the state customer in relation to organizations of the defense industries working under the specified program and provides the necessary measures for their state support.

1. Bodies of state power of the Russian Federation and bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation organize the examination of scientific and scientific-technical programs and projects financed from the appropriate budget.

2. The examination is carried out by organizations that carry out independent examination, other organizations, as well as experts with the participation of representatives of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, organizations that finance scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities, when:

choice of priority directions of the state scientific and technical policy, as well as the development of science and technology;

formation of scientific and scientific-technical programs and projects;

holding competitions for participation in scientific and scientific and technical programs and projects, control over their implementation and use of the obtained scientific and (or) scientific and technical results in the state economy.

3. A specialist who has a personal interest in its results cannot participate in the examination of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities.

4. Based on the results of examinations of scientific and scientific and technical programs and projects, the executive authorities of the Russian Federation and the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are obliged to inform the population in advance about safety, including environmental safety, about the economic and social significance of the established industries and facilities that use the achievements science and technology.

5. In the cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, a mandatory state examination of scientific and technical programs and projects is carried out in accordance with the established procedure.

1. Financial support for scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities is based on its target orientation and the plurality of funding sources. Financing of this activity is carried out at the expense of the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, extra-budgetary sources (own or borrowed funds of business entities and their associations, as well as funds of the customers of the work), other sources in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Funds for financing scientific research and experimental developments for civil purposes are allocated from the federal budget in the amount of at least four percent of the expenditure part of the federal budget.

2. The Government of the Russian Federation organizes the development and execution of the federal budget in terms of expenditures on scientific research and experimental development, determines the procedure for creating state funds to support scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities, approves the distribution of funds provided for by the federal budget for these purposes among state customers of federal target programs, federal executive authorities, scientific organizations and the specified state funds.

3. Fundamental scientific research is financed primarily from the federal budget. In order to promote initiative projects of fundamental scientific research, selected on the basis of a competition, in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation, funds are created to support scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities.

4. federal scientific and technical programs, priority applied scientific research and experimental development are financed from the federal budget, funds for supporting scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities and in the order of share participation from the funds of organizations, associations, banks and other business entities . In the form of equity participation, scientific and technical programs formed and implemented on the basis of international and intersectoral scientific and technical agreements, scientific and technical programs for the creation of new equipment and dual-use technologies can also be financed.

5. Works of regional significance may be financed at the expense of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local budgets, regional funds for supporting scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities and in the order of share participation at the expense of organizations, associations, banks and other economic entities.

The most important regional scientific and scientific and technical programs and projects, the results of which can be used in other regions, can be financed at the expense of the federal budget, including in the form of equity participation.

The joint use of funds allocated from the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets for financing scientific research of federal significance is carried out on a shared basis as agreed between the relevant bodies of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments.

6. Financing of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities is carried out by the state on the basis of a combination of financial support for scientific organizations and targeted financing of specific scientific and scientific and technical programs and projects.

7. State, non-state and international funds for the support of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities operate in the Russian Federation.

The state authorities of the Russian Federation and the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, create state funds for supporting scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities as non-profit organizations whose activities are financed from the appropriate budget or other sources that do not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation. The State Fund for the Support of Scientific and (or) Scientific and Technical Activities is a self-governing organization and operates in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the charter.

State funds for the support of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities organize an independent examination of scientific and scientific and technical programs and projects submitted by the subjects of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities, and, on the basis of a competition, allocate funds to finance these programs and projects. State funds for the support of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities keep separate records of funds allocated for the implementation of activities provided for by their charters and for other purposes.

8. In the state authorities of the Russian Federation (ministries and departments), commercial organizations, as well as in the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, extra-budgetary funds may be created in accordance with the established procedure at the expense of deductions of organizations attributable to the cost of manufactured products to finance scientific research and experimental development.

9. Bodies of state power of the Russian Federation and bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercise control over the expenditure of funds allocated from the respective budgets or extrabudgetary funds for scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities, determine the forms and methods of using its results.

10. Scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities may be carried out at the expense of grants.

Grants are transferred to scientists, scientific organizations, educational institutions of higher professional education, other legal entities and citizens.

Grant recipients dispose of them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation or, if they are used on the territory of a foreign state, in accordance with the legislation of that state, as well as on the terms on which these grants are allocated.

1. State authorities of the Russian Federation create the necessary conditions for international scientific and scientific-technical cooperation.

The subject of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activity has the right to join international scientific and scientific and technical organizations and associations, participate in international scientific and scientific and technical programs and projects, scientific and scientific and technical programs and projects of foreign states, conclude agreements (contracts ) and other agreements with foreign legal entities for work both in the Russian Federation and outside the territory of the Russian Federation in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Scientific organizations and scientific centers with the participation of foreign citizens, stateless persons and foreign legal entities may be established on the territory of the Russian Federation in accordance with the established procedure.

2. Foreign investments in the field of science and technology are carried out in the manner and in the forms provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

3. The Russian Federation supports scientific and scientific and technical cooperation with foreign states on the basis of the relevant international treaties of the Russian Federation, international scientific and scientific and technical programs and projects, and also promotes the expansion of scientific and technical cooperation between scientists and scientific and other organizations.

The state authorities of the Russian Federation, taking into account the presence of a highly integrated scientific and technical potential of the Commonwealth of Independent States and other states - the former republics of the USSR, the established scientific and technical ties, promote the development of scientific and technical cooperation on the basis of multilateral and bilateral agreements with them.

4. State authorities of the Russian Federation exercise control over the transfer of scientific and (or) scientific and technical results, as well as scientific and (or) scientific and technical products outside the territory of the Russian Federation in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Chapter V Final Provisions

The President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation shall bring their regulatory legal acts in line with this Federal Law.

This Federal Law shall enter into force on the day of its official publication.

The president
Russian Federation
B. YELTSIN

Moscow Kremlin.

The website "Zakonbase" presents the FEDERAL LAW dated 08.23.96 N 127-FZ "ON SCIENCE AND STATE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL POLICY" in the most recent edition. It is easy to comply with all legal requirements if you familiarize yourself with the relevant sections, chapters and articles of this document for 2014. To search for the necessary legislative acts on a topic of interest, you should use the convenient navigation or advanced search.

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Of great importance for practice is the hereditary resistance (resistance) of the body to a number of diseases that affect not single individuals in a herd or breed, but spread to a significant population and cause great economic damage. The most dangerous in terms of their pathological, economic effect and difficulties in their elimination are the usual veterinary methods of infectious and parasitic diseases (brucellosis, tuberculosis, leukemia, mastitis, erysipelas, piroplasmosis, pullorosis of chickens, avian typhus, etc.).

The traditional veterinary treatments that underlie the cleansing of herds from certain diseases are effective mainly in those groups of animals that have been vaccinated and have developed passive immunity. Future generations will again need the same measures. In some diseases, mass slaughter and liquidation of animals are forced to be used, especially if neither preventive nor therapeutic measures have been developed against a spreading disease. Forced slaughter of animals is an extreme measure, so it is necessary to conduct breeding to create stable resistance of animals and consolidate it in a number of generations.

The resistance of animals to these diseases has a polygenic type of inheritance, that is, it is due to the action of many genes. Identification of the genetic determinism of some diseases creates the basis for selection for resistance. In animals with a long generation interval (in cattle, the interval is about five years), the rate of selection for resistance will be slower than in animals with a short generation interval (poultry), characterized by a high breeding rate. Selection for resistance is also complicated by the fact that selection is carried out simultaneously for several traits.

The formation of resistance and the effect of selection according to its indicators are influenced by environmental conditions (the level and type of feeding, microclimate parameters, etc.). These factors can adversely affect the health of animals and thus inhibit selection for resistance.

When breeding for resistance, two methods are used. One of them is based on the artificial infection of animals with pathogenic microorganisms. Against the background of such infection, some animals die or are culled, and some do not respond to infection, which is due to individual hereditary resistance. This group of animals is used for further reproduction and selection for resistance in the offspring of subsequent generations. The method cannot be applied under production conditions.

Another method is based on genetic analysis of families, which makes it possible to identify more and less resistant animals and carry out selection in the right direction.

Certain difficulties in selection for fixing resistance to infectious diseases arise in connection with the ability of pathogenic microorganisms to show great variability, in which the same type of bacteria or virus changes heredity in short periods of time. As a result, animals resistant to one strain are susceptible to a newly emerging strain of the microorganism. Breeding for animal resistance is also complicated by inbreeding. Inbreeding leads to an increase in the homozygosity of herds and breeds, often causes inbred depression, reduces the resistance of inbred offspring, increases the spread of undesirable recessive genes and homozygous (often lethal) genotypes in the population.

Despite the difficulties in breeding for resistance, encouraging results have been obtained in the creation of resistant groups of pigs, cattle and poultry.

The use of breeding methods for creating and breeding resistant populations of farm animals is carried out in our country by leading research teams. At the same time, the main attention is directed to the creation of resistant populations of animals of different species to such a common disease as leukemia in farm animals.

Along with the works that practically proved the possibility of breeding resistant groups of animals, many studies aimed at developing the problem of increasing natural resistance are of a exploratory and experimental nature. At the same time, they make it possible to accumulate data confirming the genetic conditionality of individual and group natural resistance and to develop selection and genetic methods for preventing and reducing the incidence of animals.

Leukemia causes great economic damage to cattle breeding, therefore, in recent years, many studies have been aimed at identifying the hereditary conditionality of this disease. There is a "vertical" type of spread of leukemia, when it is transmitted from generation to generation, and a "horizontal" type, when it spreads between farms as a result of the transfer of the pathogen.

There are a number of theories of the etiology of leukemia and its genetic determination, but there is still no sufficient clarity on this issue. The viral theory of the origin of leukemia is based on the recognition of the presence of an oncogenic pathogen. The virus can be in a latent state, and under certain conditions it becomes active. It can be transmitted from mother to fetus through the placenta, through colostrum and leads to a picture of "familial" and "congenital" leukemia. At the same time, the heredity of the animal is of great importance in the etiology and spread of leukemia. Many studies have established that it is possible to distinguish leukemia-resistant and, conversely, animals susceptible to this disease.

Scientific activity in the Russian Federation is regulated by several documents at once. One of the main - Federal Law No. 127 "On Science and State Science and Technology Policy" successfully operating for over twenty years.

General information

The Federal Law on scientific activity was submitted for consideration to the members of the State Duma in 1996. On July 12, the deputies adopted the draft. On August 7, it was approved by members of the Federation Council. The “fresh” version of the law appeared in 2016 (May 23). It entered into force on July 1, 2017. Federal Law No. 127-FZ of August 23, 1996 “On Science and State Scientific and Technical Policy” consists of five chapters and eighteen articles.

The structure of the document includes a description of the relationship between scientists, representatives of authorities and persons who are users of the results of scientific research and the products and services resulting from them.

Also read about the latest changes in Federal Law No. 102

Juridical act number 127 provides for the powers of scientific staff in the search and definition of topics for scientific research, including:

Freedom of choice in matters of the subject and methods of experimental work and research;
The right to protection from unfair competition;
Awareness of possible risks in the process of work;
The right to receive the necessary data, except for those that are not subject to disclosure in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Law No. 127 determines that a person who has a scientific degree at the level of a candidate, doctor, associate professor or professor should be called a scientist. This title is awarded in accordance with the results of the relevant certification. The list of legal privileges of scientific workers includes the following aspects:

Fixing copyrights for created works and researches;
The prerogative to be compensated for the results of their activities;
The right to a percentage of output as a result of the realized final product of scientific research;
Opportunity to carry out combined scientific and entrepreneurial activities;
Privilege to receive state subsidies for scientific work;
The right to become a participant in scientific symposiums, seminars, tenders, competitions, etc.;
Opportunity for further education.

The reason for awarding a scientific degree is the presence of higher education and a dissertation authored by the applicant. This title can be obtained by persons with a master's or postgraduate degree. The verdict on its assignment is made by the attestation commission, which also evaluates the submitted work. The degree certificate must be legally certified if the applicant plans to work abroad. This rule also applies to foreign nationals. In Art. 6 current law it is mentioned that the process of confirming the document is carried out after the applicant submits the application in writing.

In order to receive grants, financial subsidies, as well as well-deserved attention from the state and assistance from foreign colleagues, scientific organizations submit applications for recognizing the area or project they are working on as socially significant.

The state encourages the development of the scientific industry and the growth in the number of developments and projects. For this purpose, support funds are regularly formed. Their leadership is entrusted to both individuals and legal entities, if they show a reasonable interest in the development of science. The procedure for the functioning of funds includes:

Definition of vectors in terms of research in the scientific and technical field;
Determination of programs and academic projects;
Analysis;
Allocation of financial resources;
Supervision;
Joint work with foreign support funds.

Recent changes made to 127 FZ

Changes in the Federal Law on scientific activity took place in May 2016 (May 23). The amendments that have appeared in the text are of a moderate nature. Article 4 of the law has been amended, the content of which is specified by the regulation on the partial delegation of powers to university organizations. The essence of these powers is to regulate the process of defending academic works.

Other amendments to the law:

P. 2 Art. 7 - describes the range of powers of authorities and state scientific academies in the process of determining the vector of development, as well as coordinating scientific activities;
Paragraph 3, paragraph 2 of Art. 11 - the prerogative of general publicity is approved at the stage of selecting projects and programs for scientific development and research implemented within the framework of competitions;
Paragraph 7, paragraph 2, Art. 11 - the phrase about "the concentration of resources in the priority areas of science development" was supplemented with the word "technology";
Paragraph 3, paragraph 1, Art. 12 - draws up the concept of choosing the main course on the evolution of the scientific process and technologies in Russia;
Paragraph 15, paragraph 1, Art. 12 - provides information on the powers of the government of the Russian Federation for supervision in the field of science and technology;
Paragraph 1 p. 1 art. 13 - indicates data on the process of determining the state policy in the scientific and technical industry, including forecast, choice of development vector, recommendations for the implementation of scientific projects with the assistance of public discussion, as well as on a competitive and analytical basis;
Paragraph 2, paragraph 2, Art. 14 - supplemented with the word "technologies".

Download the law on science and scientific and technical policy of the Russian Federation

The Federal Law of August 23, 1996 N 127-FZ "On Science and State Scientific and Technical Policy" will be useful for familiarization not only to citizens who have already taken place professionally in the field of scientific activity, but also to those who are just starting their career along this path. We advise you to study the full version of the Federal Law number 127

KrioRus LLC operates in accordance with the Federal Law of August 23, 1996 No. 127-FZ "On Science and State Scientific and Technical Policy". Here are some quotes from this law:

Chapter I. General Provisions

Article 1. Legislation on science and state scientific and technical policy

Article 2. Basic concepts used in this Federal Law

Scientific (research) activity (hereinafter referred to as scientific activity) is an activity aimed at obtaining and applying new knowledge, including:

fundamental scientific research - experimental or theoretical activity aimed at obtaining new knowledge about the basic laws of the structure, functioning and development of a person, society, and the environment;
applied scientific research - research aimed primarily at the application of new knowledge to achieve practical goals and solve specific problems.

Chapter II. Subjects of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activity

Article 3. General provisions on the subjects of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities

2. Bodies of state power of the Russian Federation in accordance with this Federal Law:

guarantee the freedom of creativity to the subjects of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activity, giving them the right to choose directions and methods for conducting scientific research and experimental development;
recognize the right to a reasonable risk in scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities;

Article 4 Public associations of scientists

1. A scientific worker (researcher) is a citizen who has the necessary qualifications and is professionally engaged in scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities.

6. A researcher has the right to:

receipt in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation of income from the implementation of scientific and (or) scientific and technical results, the author of which he is;
implementation of entrepreneurial activities in the field of science and technology, not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation;
publication in the open press of scientific and (or) scientific and technical results, if they do not contain information related to state, official or commercial secrets;

7. The scientific worker is obliged:

carry out scientific, scientific and technical activities and (or) experimental developments without violating the rights and freedoms of a person, without causing harm to his life and health, as well as the environment;
objectively carry out examinations of scientific and scientific and technical programs and projects submitted to him, scientific and (or) scientific and technical results and experimental developments.

Article 5. Scientific organization

3. A scientific organization owns, uses and disposes of the property transferred to it by the founders for the implementation of activities determined by the constituent documents.

The procedure for possession, use and disposal of the property of a scientific organization is determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

4. A scientific organization is obliged to maintain and develop its research and experimental base, to update its production facilities.

Article 8. Agreements (contracts) for the creation, transfer and use of scientific and (or) scientific and technical products

1. The main legal form of relations between a scientific organization, a customer and other consumers of scientific and (or) scientific and technical products, including federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, are agreements (contracts) for the creation, transfer and use scientific and (or) scientific and technical products, provision of scientific, scientific and technical, engineering and consulting and other services, as well as other agreements, including agreements on joint scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities and distribution of profits.