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ORPHEPIC NORMS Teacher of the Russian language and literature Ivanova Natalia Vasilievna
ORPHEPIC STANDARDS STANDARDS OF PRONUNCIATION OF SOUNDS AND THEIR COMBINATIONS NORMAL IMPACT (ACCENTOLOGICAL STANDARDS)
Must be remembered! In some foreign words, unstressed vowels are pronounced distinctly. b [o] a to [o] colleague [o] asis r[o] to [o] to [o] kaka [o] audi [o]
1. STANDARDS OF PRONUNCIATION OF VOWELS е [ e ] ё [ o ] Scam Custodial Valezhnik Expired Modern Settled Faded Bigamist Ridge Chauffeur Beet Whitish Faded Swollen Woolly Lye Worthless Newborn Condemned Sneer of the same name Arrangement
1. NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION OF VOWELS VARIANT PRONUNCIATION: f [e] lch - f [o] lch man [e] vr - man [o] vr
PRONUNCIATION OF CONSONANTS 2. In Russian and borrowed words, before the vowel E, the Soft consonant is pronounced. sound ar [r ‘ e ] quarrel shi [ n ‘ e ] le [ t ‘ e ] rmin aka [ d " e ] miya kong [ r " e ] ss [ t " e ] kst O [ d " e ] ss Solid acc. sound [te] mbr [te] mpa [te] quatno [te] ndence par [te] r [ke] mping computer [te] r [te] rmos bu [te] rbrod [de] [te] active
PRONUNCIATION OF CONSONANTS 3. In the suffix -ism-consonant Z, professionalism romanticism pacifism realism terrorism is pronounced firmly
3. PRONUNCIATION OF SOUND COMBINATIONS ChN THU-TSYA-/-TSYA- [CHN] flow distributing Shooting Heart drops [SHN] horse [sh] about boredom [sh] about people [sh] about a square [sh] ik yai [sh] itza empty [sh] th laundry [sh] aya Ilyini [sh] a Kuzmini [sh] a Nikiti [sh] a heart [sh] friend [shn] and [CHN] mustard plaster bakery
3. PRONUNCIATION OF SOUND COMBINATIONS CHN THU-TSYA-/-THAT-[TH] by [Th] and y [Th] and with [Th] we [Piece] [piece] o [piece] usually
3. PRONUNCIATION OF SOUND COMBINATIONS CHN THU -TSYA- / -TSYA- [TSCA] collecting [tsza] accuse [tsza]
4. ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS RUSSIAN STRESS FREE (DIFFERENT) - FALLS ON ANY SYLLABLE manager having called a document medicine Compare: French - on the last syllable, English - on the first syllable) MOBILE FIXED
performs a semantic function: castle - castle Atlas - atlas Iris - iris armor - armor house - house language - language busy - busy mobile - mobile wonderful - wonderful spare - spare
Fixed stress (when changing the form of the word, it remains on one syllable) NOUN IM.P. UNIT IM.P. MN.Ch. ROD.P. MN.Ch. ENGINEER RECTOR chauffeur CONTRACT CAKE SCARF BULLETIN MEANS SHOES ENGINEERS Rectors CHAUFFERS CONTRACTS CAKE SCARFS BULLETINS MEANS SHOES ENGINEERS Rectors Rectors Chauffeurs Contracts Cakes Scarves Bulletins SHOES TOOLS
Fixed stress VERBS ACCENT ON THE ENDING ACCENT ON THE BASIS encourage facilitate facilitate hand lend call spoil put exhaust exhaust vulgarize clog
Movable stress (when the form of the word changes, it passes from one part of the word to another): base → ending ending → base director → director → directors professor → professor A → professors sister → sisters → sisters water → water → water
In short adjectives, short passive participles, past tense verbs in masculine, cf. gender and plural. number, the stress falls on the stem, and in the feminine. gender moves to the ending: ADJ.: important → important → important → important → important PRED.: started → started → started → started → started VERB: arrive → arrived → arrived → arrived → arrived
The placement of stress is influenced by territorial and socio-professional dialects LITERARY PROFESSION. DIALECT MINE MINING (mine) PRODUCTION PRODUCTION (MINING) ALCOHOL Alcohol (med.) EXPERT Expert (jurid.) compass compAS (marine)
Orthoepy training In which row in all words does the letter combination CHN denote the sounds [shn]? 1. Birdhouse, accurate, durable 2. Shooting, country, greedy 3. Of course, boring, on purpose 4. Fried eggs, excellent, eternal. In which pair of words does the stress not play a meaningful role? And ris-ir and s A tlas-atl a s Spark a - and skra K u by-club s In which row in all words does the stress fall on the first syllable? 1. Clean, light, lila 2. Cement, close, tore 3. Took, briefly, stroke 4. Understood, conspiracy, cakes
Which of the following words is stressed on the second syllable? Bent, arrived, fall Turned off, locked, tore off More beautiful, sent, agent Started, born, yogurt In which row in all words does the stress fall on the third syllable? Torn, invented, define Underfilled, selected, sorted Torn, withdrawn, dispersal Locked, alias, mosaic
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“The Russian language in skillful hands and in experienced lips is beautiful, melodious, expressive, flexible, obedient, dexterous and roomy.” A.I. Kuprin
Orthoepy is a set of rules that establish a uniform pronunciation of individual sounds, combinations of sounds, grammatical forms and individual words.
1. Pronunciation of vowels a) reduction: a quantitative and qualitative change in the pronunciation of a sound in a speech stream, depending on how far it is from the stressed syllable. b) absence / o / in an unstressed position: milk - m / a / l / a / ko gold - angry / a / t / a / expensive - d / a / r / a / g O th.
c) transition /i/ to /s/ in position after solid consonants: without /s/gloy d) pronunciation of /s/ after /w/, /w/, /c/: w/s/t, sh/s/ t e) squealing: in / a / yes, p / a / ethic hiccuping: l / and / aunt
2. Consonant pronunciation
c) assimilation of consonants to the quality of the subsequent sound on the basis of softness/hardness, deafness/voicedness: /s/neg, /f/se, pro/zb/ba
d) combinations of h as shn: boulo / shn / th and bakery, dairy and milk / shn / th, wheat / shn / th and wheat, lavo / shn / ik and shopkeeper, bakery and bulo / shn / th, plum / shn /th and creamy, i/shn/eva and barley, but kone/shn/o, sku/shn/o, yai/shn/itsa
e) in the indefinite form of the verb in place -tsya is pronounced -tsa: smile / tss / a, developing / tss / a
3. Pronunciation of borrowed words a) hard consonants before e: in words denoting the concepts of foreign life: peer, mayor, dandy, cottage, cocktail, constable; in proper names, surnames: Chopin, Flaubert, Voltaire, La Fontaine; in terminology: interview, modernization.
b) before [e], consonants are softened if the borrowed words have already been mastered by the Russian language: k[r"]em, aka[d"]emia, faculty[t"]et, mu[z"]her, shi[n"]el c) the consonants g, k, x are always softened before [e]: ma [k "]et, [g"] eyzer, [k"] egli, s [x"]ema
Stress - highlighting a syllable in a word with greater power of pronunciation and an increase in duration.
one . Distinguishes different words: deputy O k - z A mok, muk A - m U ka, coward I t - tr U sit, poguzh Y n n - immersed 2. Distinguishes between the forms of different words: nosh U - n O shu, circles I - circles Uzhki, arrows I - arrows, squirrel I - whites
3. Distinguishes the forms of one word: braid And those - to O sieve, nose And those - n O sieve 4. Distinguishes functional and stylistic options: laurel Ovy leaf - family of l A rovs (scientific)
1. Diversity of stress Sister, slowly, lie down, pharmacy, Optics, polyclinic, dental
2. Mobility of stress bandage - bandage doctor - doctor treat - treat, cure leaf - leaf, leaves
1. Patients of the fifteenth, sixteenth and nineteenth wards, please take your medicines at exactly twelve o'clock (from the announcement at the nurse's post) 2. First of all, my intention is to take care of you, my dear, and only then all the documents, diets, gastroscopy, dysentery (from a conversation between a doctor and a patient)
3. Chronic ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels of the heart, angina at rest and exertion. Postinfarction cardiosclerosis (from diagnoses).
Whooping cough, analgin, anatomist, biopsy, endoscopy, aches, obituary, dumbness, force, means, catalog, surgery, pampered, hospital, contract, camphor, pantry, alleviate, anamnesis, fear, orthopedics, block, life support, sealed, call, meager, to intercede.
Adequate, adenoids, watercolor, anesthesia, benefis, prodigy, detective, delicacy, identical, interview, boarding school, computer, cream, laser, press, sweater, sepsis, tempo, timbre, thermos, dash, chimpanzee, stamp.
stress falls on A stress falls on O stress falls on E stress falls on I anatomist biopsy treaty means phenomenon conspiracy drowsiness beet slander more beautiful an A tom s A slander n A vernacular dog Orfen Omen katal Og drem Otalom Ota means
Yuminova E.V. We master the norms of pronunciation and stress. / Russian language, No. 07, 2010. P.10-17 Dotsenko S.P. And now about the stress - http://rus.1september.ru Narushevich A.G. Methods of preparation for the exam in the Russian language: lesson planning, lesson organization, exercise system. Lecture No. 1. Phonetics. Graphic arts. Orthoepy. / Russian language, No. 17, 2011. P.5-14. Complete guide to the Russian language. Spelling. Punctuation. Orthoepy. Vocabulary. Grammar. Stylistics: N. N. Solovieva - St. Petersburg, Onyx, Astrel, Mir and Ob, 2011 - 464 p. Russian language. Grade 10. Speech norms. "Speak so I can see you." Textbook: N. A. Senina, T. N. Glyantseva, N. A. Gurdaeva - St. Petersburg, Legion, 2014 - 272 p.
slide 2
If I were a king, I would make a law that the reader who uses a word whose meaning he cannot explain is deprived of the right to write and receives 100 blows of the rod.
L.N. Tolstoy
slide 3
(from the Greek orthos - correct, eros - speech) includes the pronunciation of unstressed vowels, voiced and voiceless consonants, pronunciation rules, as well as stress. Formed in the first half of the 18th century.
Orthoepy
slide 4
slide 5
Qualitative reduction is a change in the timbre of the sound of a vowel; (co[a] sleep) quantitative reduction is a decrease in its longitude and strength (grass).
Unstressed vowels
slide 6
At the beginning of a word, unstressed [a] and [o] are pronounced like [a], for example: [a] zot, [a] bladat.
Unstressed vowels
Slide 7
After hard hissing [w] and [w], the vowel [a] in the first pre-stressed syllable is pronounced like [a], for example: w[a] rgon, w[a] gat. But before soft consonants, a sound is pronounced, the middle between [s] and [e], for example: f [ye] fly, losh [ye] dey
Unstressed vowels
Slide 8
After soft consonants in the first pre-stressed syllable, in place of the letters e and i, a sound is pronounced, the middle between [i] and [e], for example: v [ie] sleep, ch [ie] sy.
Unstressed vowels
Slide 9
In the rest of the unstressed syllables, in place of the letters e and i, a very short [and] is pronounced, in transcription denoted by the sign [b], for example: in [b] lykan, take out [b] sti, p [b] wheelbarrow, pull out [b] .
Unstressed vowels
Slide 10
In place of combinations of letters aa, ao, oa, oo, vowels [aa] are pronounced in pre-stressed syllables, for example: s[aa] falter, s[aa] bottom, p[aa] English, v [aa] brazil.
Unstressed vowels
slide 11
At the end of words and in their middle before deaf consonants, voiced consonants are stunned, for example: yastre [n], break [k], zapa [t], bag [w], tra[f] ka, ska [s] ka.
Consonants
slide 12
In the place of deaf consonants before voiced ones (except for c), the corresponding voiced ones are pronounced, for example: [z] run, o [d] quit, into [k] hall.
Consonants
slide 13
In some cases, consonants before soft consonants are pronounced softly. For example: [z "d"] es, gvo [z "d"] and, e [s "l"] and, ka [z "n"], ku [z "n"] ets, pe [n "s "]and I. There are two pronunciation options for some words, for example: [z"l"]it and [zl"]it, after [s"l"]e and after [sled"]e.
Consonants
Slide 14
Double pronunciation is observed in combinations with labial consonants, for example: [d "v"] er and [dv"] er, [z "v"] er and [sv"] er. The first options sound less and less.
Consonants
slide 15
Double consonant letters correspond to a long consonant sound, usually when the stress falls on the previous syllable, for example: gr[P]a, ma[S]a, program[M]a
Consonants
slide 16
If the stress falls on the next syllable, then double consonants are pronounced without longitude, for example: a [k] ord, ba [s] ein, gram [m] atika.
Consonants
Slide 17
In words of foreign origin, not completely assimilated by the Russian language, the letter o in an unstressed position is pronounced clearly: [o], that is, without reduction: [o]tel, kaka[o], radio[o]. Sometimes a double pronunciation is allowed: p[o]et - p[a]et, s[o]no - s[a]no, etc.
Pronunciation of foreign words
Slide 18
Before a vowel, denoted by the letter e, in many foreign words, consonants are pronounced firmly: a [te] lie, ko [de] ks, ka [fe], Sho [pe] n. In order not to be mistaken, you should look into the dictionary of literary pronunciation!
Pronunciation of foreign words
Slide 19
Many monosyllabic masculine nouns have an accent on the ending in indirect cases of the singular, for example: bandage - bandage, stroke - stroke, umbrella - umbrella.
Literary stresses
Slide 20
In the accusative case of the singular, feminine nouns have an accent either on the ending or on the root; compare:
1) spring - spring, hole - hole, foot - foot;
2) mountain - mountain, board - board, price - price, cheek - cheek.
Literary stresses
slide 21
With an accent on the ending, some feminine nouns are pronounced when used with the prepositions in and on in the adverbial meaning: on the chest, on the door, in the night, in the net, in honor.
Literary stresses
slide 22
In the genitive plural it is pronounced:
1) with emphasis on the basis of: localities, honors, profits;
2) with an emphasis on the ending: statements, fortresses, news, stories, tablecloths, quarters.
Literary stresses
slide 23
Sometimes prepositions take on stress, and then the noun (or numeral) following them turns out to be unstressed. Most often, the stress is pulled over by the prepositions on, for, under, by, from, without.
Literary stresses
slide 24
For example:
on: on the water, on the leg, on the arm, on the back, on the winter, on the soul, on the wall, on the head, on the side, on the shore, for a year, on the house, on the nose, on the ear, for a day, for two, by six, by one hundred;
for: for water, for a leg, for hair, for an arm, for a back, for a winter, for a soul, for a nose, for a year, for a city, for a night, for two, for six, for a hundred;
Literary stresses
Slide 25
under: under the feet, under the arms, downhill, under the nose, in the evening;
by: by sea, by field, by forest, by floor, by two, by hundred, by two;
from: out of the forest, out of the house, out of the nose, out of sight;
without: missing, useless, week without a year
Literary stresses
slide 26
In many verbs in the past tense in the feminine form, the stress is on the ending:
took, was, took, pitchfork, heeded, lied, drove, gave, pestered, fought, lived, asked, borrowed, called, poured, acquired, hired, started, drank, swam, understood, arrived, accepted, tore, distributed, heard, took off, slept, etc.
I'm crazy!
You are right, right!..
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Hello, dear students.
Glad to welcome you to the Lesson.
Hello dear students.
I am glad to welcome you to the lesson.
Lesson topic:
"Orthoepic norms
Russian literary language.
Emphasis."
Tasks:
- comprehend the importance of observing orthoepic norms in oral and written statements;
- to develop the skills of pronunciation of the words "increased orthoepic danger";
- improving speech culture through the performance of test tasks.
Speak so I can see you...
Socrates
Reflection
My uncle figured out for forty years,
And yet I couldn't find out.
How to say more correctly: cottage cheese?!
Or maybe more correctly - cottage cheese ?!
And somehow he's in a dairy shop
I saw him on the counter
Face like a rose bloomed
He decided to buy a pound.
But immediately, looking at the counter,
Again my uncle thought:
“After all, he is probably not expensive,
It will go into a cheesecake and into a pie ....
And how to ask: “How much is cottage cheese?
Or maybe more correctly - cottage cheese?
And at this time at the counter
And the noise, and the queue, and the crush,
But uncle stands the longest.
And he says to himself:
“N-yes ... I’m strict with pronunciation,
I don't make reservations...
But how all the same - cottage cheese,
Or maybe it’s more correct - cottage cheese ?!
I was able to solve this problem
My uncle, just reaching the cashier, -
Saying: "I ask you to receive
For half a kilo ... curd mass.
The cashier didn't know much
In pronouns, in case
And so she said: "Nothing left,
It's sold out already!"
How is it correct:
"cottage cheese" or "cottage cheese"?
Correctly:
cottage cheese and cottage cheese
Within the literary norm, there are a significant number of variants of mobile stress:
cottage cheese - cottage cheese
beetroot - beetroot
Difficult cases of placing stress in words:
To call - called, called, BUT called
Take - took, took, BUT took
Call -
Option -1 Option - 2
ripe watermelons without yeast
two pancakes and no jelly
DELICIOUS DISHES DELICIOUS CAKES
a lot of mushrooms to say toasts
fry a goose without minced meat
Anchoring
2. Task: place the stress in these words, pronounce in accordance with literary norms.
Do not forget that the accuracy of the stress and pronunciation of individual sounds or their combinations can be clarified in the dictionary.
Examination
Reflection
1. In which word is the letter denoting the stressed vowel highlighted RIGHT? 1) Expert; 2) kitchen; 3) petition; 4) plug. 2. In which word is the stressed vowel letter highlighted RIGHT? 1) Plant iris; 2) a sign; 3) spoiled; 4) calls.
3. In which word is the letter denoting the stressed vowel highlighted CORRECTLY? 1) Quarter; 2) catalogue; 3) Ukrainian; 4) reward. 4. In which word is the letter denoting the stressed vowel highlighted CORRECTLY? 1) Lighten; 2) kitchen; 3) iconography; 4) pantry.
Checking the assimilation of the material. Test on the topic "Orthoepy"
5. In which word is the letter denoting the stressed vowel highlighted CORRECTLY? 1) Christian; 2) apostrophe; 3) genesis; 4) dancer.
6. Choose the correct pronunciation of the word: 1) Phonetics [n ']; 2) tuple [te]; 3) rendezvous [d ']; 4) interview [t']. 7. Choose the correct pronunciation of the word: 1) Disinfection [de];
2) sweater [t ']; 3) scarf [ne];
Examination
Homework- P.14. ex. 53. or 2. VG Belinsky wrote that “speaking correctly” and “speaking beautifully” are not the same thing. Do you agree with his opinion? Exercise: write a short essay on this topic.
Orthoepy. Standards of literary pronunciation. The most important thing in the art of speech: first, pronunciation; secondly, pronunciation; and thirdly, pronunciation. Demosthenes Compliance with generally accepted pronunciation norms of the language is one of the indicators of the level of human speech culture. ORPHEPY is a branch of linguistics that studies the norms of literary pronunciation. Norms of literary pronunciation Norms of literary pronunciation
ACCENTOLOGICAL
(set the place of stress in words)
ORPHEPIC
(norms of pronunciation of individual sounds, their combinations, words and word forms).
The reasons for accentological errors often lie not in the illiteracy of the speaker, but are explained by the peculiarities of the Russian language.
The stress in our language, firstly, is multi-local (long since ancient times, since ancient times, masterfully) and, secondly, movable (sleeve - sleeveA).
ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION
In all cases of difficulty in determining the place of stress in a word, one should refer to the orthoepic dictionary:
T.F. Ivanova. New orthoepic dictionary of the Russian language. 2007.
K.S. Gorbachevich. Temporary orthoepic dictionary of the Russian language. 2010.
I.L. Reznichenko. Modern dictionary of the Russian language. Accents. Pronunciation. 2010.
V.V. Lvov. School orthoepic dictionary of the Russian language. 2010.
E.N. Zubov. Orthoepic Dictionary of the Russian Language for Schoolchildren. 2010.
L.L. Kasatkin. Big orthoepic dictionary. 2012.
ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION
General pronunciation trends
1. In compound words ending in -the wire, the stress falls on the last sound O (water pipeline, garbage chute), except for the word electric wire.
ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION
General pronunciation trends
2. In nouns ending in -log, denoting inanimate objects, the stress falls on the last vowel (polylOg, catalogue, monologue, nikrOg).
In nouns denoting people of different professions, the emphasis on O is at the root log does not fall (ufOlog, cynOlog, dentist, geologist).
ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION
General pronunciation trends
3. Prepositions in Russian often take on stress, leaving the nouns or numerals following them unstressed; most often, the stress is pulled over by the prepositions ON, FOR, UNDER, FROM, ON, WITHOUT.
on the water, by the leg, downhill, three by three, from home, to no avail
ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION
General pronunciation trends
outside the city (in the suburbs) - outside the city (outside the city)
From home (from your home) – from home (from any home)
ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION
COMPARE!
Willow, kitchen, cork, Phenomenon - one emphasis.
Curd-cottage cheese, thinking-thinking, compass-compass, drive-drive, - stress options.
ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION
In Russian, there are pronunciation options.
denim-denim, Cossacks-Cossacks, pepper-pepper, meager-meager, rust-rust - equal pronunciation options.
Gave-gave, birch-bark, glider-glider, sold-sold - valid pronunciation options. The first option is preferable.
ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION
Modern
option
industry
thinking
apostrophe
Deprecated version
industry
thinking
apostrophe
ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION
Literary
option
cruisers
alcohol
convicted
excited
accountants
Professional
option
cruiserA
Alcohol
convicted
excited
accountant
ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION
The semantic function of stress
Linguistic (sausage) - linguistic (politics)
Busy (person) - busy (place)
conservative (method) – conservative (execution level)
ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION
In many verbs in the past tense in the form of f.r. the stress falls on the ending, in other generic forms and in the plural form. stays on the basis
started - started - started - started
Understood - Understood - UnderstoodA - Understood
Exceptions: beat, brIla, doula, sting, krAla, klala, wings, soap, myala, fell, awl and some. others
ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION
In many passive past participles in the singular form. zh.r. the stress falls on the ending, in other generic forms and in the plural form. stays on the basis
STARTED - STARTED - STARTED - STARTED
lived - lived - lived - lived
BUT: at participles on - swearing, - tattered,
Called short form f.r. formed with an emphasis not on the ending, but on the basis of: taken away, ripped off, called up
ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION
Most Russian adjectives in kr. f. the stress falls on the ending in the form of the female form, in other generic forms and in the form of the plural. - at the base.
BRIEF - BRIEF - BRIEF - BRIEF
close – close – close – close
far - far - far - far
ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION
In the forms of the comparative degree of adjectives, the stress falls, firstly, at the end of the word, if kr. f. zh.r. this adjective has a stressed ending
valuable - more valuable
yellow - yellower,
secondly, on the basis, if in c.f. zh.r. shock base
priceless - more priceless
beautiful - more beautiful
ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION ACCENTOLOGICAL NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION
Exceptions:
healthy - healthier
pink - pinker
grew - grew
tolerable - more tolerable
STRONG - STRONGER
predatory - predatory
In nouns on -ism, the consonant sound [h] is pronounced firmly in all case forms, including in position before a soft consonant
In the organization [zm`]e - with capital [zm`]e
ORPHOEPIIC NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION
Soft [k`] in the word sausage does not affect the pronunciation of the previous [c`], which sounds hard
SUSI[SK`]I
ORPHOEPIIC NORMS OF PRONUNCIATION
The letter G stands for sound
- [g] or [g`] before vowels and voiced consonants [g] dove, [g`] itara
- [k] at the end of a word and before deaf consonants sleep [k], kru [k], la [k] those
- [in] in the middle of the word today and at the end of pronouns and adjectives se [in] the day, whose [in] o, mine [in] o, good [in] o
- [x] in the word God and in the middle of words in combinations GK, HF Bo[x], le[x] cue, le[x] che
- [ӯ] (fricative) in Russian interjections and some church words a[ӯ]а, [ӯ] Lord, Bo[ӯ]а
CHN is pronounced like
- [sn] of course, boring, on purpose, scrambled eggs, crib, candlestick, bachelorette party, trifling, laundry, Kuzminichna, Ilyinichna, Fominichna.
- [ch`n] final, country, creamy, wheat.
- [shn] and [h`n] dairy
Meaningful pronunciation: heart [shn] th friend - heart [h`n] drops
Semi-Uno [h`n] th serenade - half-moon [shn] ik
The combination Th is pronounced like
- [piece] what to
- [h`t] something
- [pcs] and [h`t] nothing.
- with soft consonant before E
- with a hard consonant before E
Dispensary, decade, bacterium, cream, sepsis, argument, psychic, despot, delta, pastel (color), sandwich, terrier, trend, hyphen, hotel, training, detective, competence, alternative, watercolor, anesthesia, antenna, certificate, preservative , cortege, computer, cracker, karate, creative, ceramics, modem, molecule, modernization, morse, antiseptic, bijouterie, steak, neo-Nazism, cornet, grotesque, dandy, overcoat, cottage, Odessa.
Divide the words into two columns:
- with soft consonant before E
- with a hard consonant before E
dispensary, decade, bacterium, cream, sepsis, argument, psychic, despot, delta, pastel (color), sandwich, terrier, trend, hyphen, hotel, training, detective, competence, alternative, watercolor, anesthesia, antenna, certificate, preservative, tuple, computer, cracker, karate, creative, ceramics, modem, molecule, modernization, morse, antiseptic, bijouterie, steak, neo-Nazism, cornet, grotesque, dandy, overcoat, cottage, Odessa.
Read the words correctly.
What, heart preparation, of course, wheat, something, boring, competent, creamy, scrambled eggs, nothing, birdhouse, final, candlestick, bakery, Ilyinichna, almost, cordial friend, credited, loser, something, laundry, shopkeeper, something then, pepper, sufficient, mustard plaster, maid, milky, Lukinichna, something, pin, comic, fiver, Nikitichna.
TASK #2 TASK #2
Read the words correctly.
[piece] what, something, something, anything,
[sn] of course, boring, scrambled eggs, birdhouse, Ilyinichna, cordial friend, loser, mustard plaster, laundry, Lukinichna, Nikitichna, candlestick.
[n] and [sn] maid, fiver, shopkeeper, bakery
[th] and [pcs] nothing
[h]heart drug, wheaten, eligible, creamy, final, pepper, sufficient, pin, comic, milky
[th] almost, scoring, something
TASK #3 TASK #3
Price of cottage cheese at the wholesale market, we will conclude a contract next quarter, a tooth filled, a chain with porcelain shells, throw beets into the garbage chute, condolences in the obituary, ensuring the safety of the oil pipeline, spoiled child, happy with the cake, sorrel soup with meatballs, physiotherapy dispensary, call upon receipt of a new catalog, a petition for guardianship, a kitchen set, to reward an employee, to facilitate the work of an expert.
TASK #3 TASK #3
Read these combinations of words.
The price of cottage cheese on the wholesale market, we will conclude a contract in the next quarter, a sealed tooth, a chain with porcelain shells, throw the beets into the garbage chute, condolences in the obituary, ensuring the safety of the oil pipeline, a spoiled child, happy with the cake, sorrel soup with pantheraphytes, phlebotherapy upon receipt of a new catalog, application for guardianship, kitchen set, reward an employee, facilitate the work of an expert.