Gazprom has completed the underwater part of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline - two strings with a total length of 1,820 km run along the bottom of the Black Sea from Russia to Turkey. Russian President Vladimir Putin and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan watched the construction completion ceremony via teleconference from Istanbul. Gazprom Chairman Aleksey Miller participated in the ceremony via teleconference aboard the pipe-laying vessel Pioneering Spirit. “The Turkish Stream pipe with a closing joint has been lowered into the Black Sea,” Miller announced.
Putin stressed that projects like Turkish Stream are not directed against anyone, but are of a constructive nature. The Russian leader called the gas pipeline "a bright and good example of the ability to protect their national interests," meaning that the Turkish Stream is in the interests of the Turkish economy. According to Putin, the Turkish Stream will become an important factor in pan-European energy security, and will allow Turkey to become a gas hub.
To start deliveries via the gas pipeline, it remains to complete the construction of the receiving compressor station on the Turkish coast and finish the onshore part of the pipeline in Turkey, these works are "going according to schedule," Gazprom pointed out last week. The Turkish Stream is planned to be put into operation at the end of 2019.
Turkish Stream gas pipeline: latest 2018 news for today, 05/15/2019.
Turkish Stream is a new export gas pipeline from Russia to Turkey across the Black Sea. The first line of the gas pipeline is designed to supply gas to Turkish consumers, the second - to supply gas to the countries of Southern and South-Eastern Europe.
On December 1, 2014, Gazprom and Botas Petroleum Pipeline Corporation signed a memorandum of understanding for the construction of a gas pipeline across the Black Sea towards Turkey.
In September 2016, Gazprom received the first permits from the authorities of the Republic of Turkey for the implementation of the Turkish Stream.
On October 10, 2016, an Agreement was signed between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Turkey on the TurkStream project.
In December 2016, a contract was signed between South Stream Transport B.V. (100% subsidiary of PJSC Gazprom) and Allseas Group S.A. for the construction of the first string of the offshore section of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline with an option to lay the second string.
In February 2017 South Stream Transport B.V. signed a contract with Allseas Group for the construction of the second line of the offshore section of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline.
On May 7, 2017, the construction of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline began in the Black Sea. Work started off the Russian coast.
In April 2018, deep-water laying of the offshore section of the first string of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline was completed off the Black Sea coast of Turkey.
On May 26, 2018, PJSC Gazprom and the Government of the Republic of Turkey signed a Protocol on the onshore section of the transit line of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline for the supply of Russian gas to European consumers. As a follow-up to the Protocol, Gazprom and Botas entered into an Agreement on the main conditions and parameters for the construction of this section. The signing of documents allows you to move on to practical steps for the implementation of the project. The construction of the onshore section will be carried out by the joint project company TurkAkim Gaz Tasima A.S., which will be established on a parity basis.
In addition, Gazprom Export LLC and Botas signed documents on out-of-court settlement of the current arbitration dispute under the terms of contracts for the supply of Russian natural gas to Turkish consumers. The arbitration proceedings will soon be terminated.
“We don't need to expand our pipeline system, because it is very developed, so we can easily get billions of cubic meters more gas every year than we get now. So we don't need infrastructure development to get gas from the south,” Szijjártó said on the sidelines of the World Gas Conference in Washington.
“We can get gas from Romania, Serbia, Croatia. The only problem is that no one delivers now. But we'll see," the Hungarian Foreign Minister added.
In 2018, the construction of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline continues, through which Russia plans to export natural gas to Europe along the bottom of the Black Sea. The history of the construction of the gas pipeline is quite complicated, it includes, among other things, difficult periods of cooling of relations between Russia and Turkey. However, at the moment, the economic viability for all parties has come forward, and construction is in full swing.
The first line of the Turkish Stream
The offshore section of the Turkish Stream runs from the Russkaya CS near Anapa along the bottom of the Black Sea to the coast of Turkey northwest of Istanbul. The length is more than 900 km. Further, a land transit line will be laid to the border of Turkey with neighboring countries.
By May 1, 2018, Gazprom, as planned, completed the deep-sea laying of the first string of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline.
When will the Turkish stream be launched
According to Alexei Miller, Chairman of the Management Board of Gazprom, the implementation of the Turkish Stream project continues successfully.
An important stage has been passed - the first string of the gas pipeline has been built. The pace of construction is high. Since May 7, 2017, when the pipe-laying campaign began, a total of 1,161 kilometers of the offshore gas pipeline have already been built along two lines, which is 62% of its total length. Turkish Stream will undoubtedly play a big role in strengthening the energy security of Turkey and Europe
Miller stated.
The press service of Gazprom also noted that in Turkey, near the village of Kiyikoy, a receiving terminal is being built.
With the completion of the construction of landfall sections, work on the first line will be fully completed
- the message says.
The construction of the deepwater section of the first string was carried out by the Allseas vessel Pioneering Spirit, which will continue laying the deepwater part of the second string of the Turkish Stream in the third quarter of 2018.
Turkish Stream 2: latest news
The route of the second string of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline is still being discussed
As for the second line of the gas pipeline, in terms of capacity it will be identical to the first - the same 15.75 billion cubic meters. The second line will be completely similar to the first, the only difference is in the route and end users.
With the help of the second line of the gas pipeline, Gazprom plans to supply gas to the countries of Southern and South-Eastern Europe.
The day before, Gazprom CEO Vitaly Markelov told reporters that the Russian side is currently actively negotiating with Turkish partners as to where the second line should come out on the Turkish coast and which route the gas will take by land.
For the second branch of the gas pipeline, Turkey will act as a transit territory for further gas supply to the south and southeast of Europe, and at the moment a specific route is being agreed, after which the construction of the line will begin. According to existing plans, the second line will be built and put into operation next year, 2019.
At the moment, there are two options for the route of the gas pipeline by land: through the territory of Bulgaria and Serbia, or through the territory of Greece and Italy.
On May 15, Gazprom CEO Miller and Bulgarian Energy Minister Temenuzhka Petkova met in Moscow. They discussed, among other things, the issue of the possible passage of the gas pipeline through the territory of Bulgaria.
The Pioneering Spirit vessel has resumed laying the second string of the TurkStream offshore gas pipeline, moving towards the Kiyikoy settlement in Turkey, the project operator said in a statement. After entering the Black Sea on June 20, Pioneering Spirit completed preparatory work, including launching the stinger and checking the pipelay equipment.
What will happen when the Turkish stream with Ukraine is launched?
Today Ukraine owns one of the world's largest gas transportation system. It is capable of receiving 288 billion cubic meters and sending 178.5 billion cubic meters further to Europe.
Ukraine's own gas consumption has been falling for the last two decades. The most extensive work to replace gas with coal was carried out in 2008-2009, which made it possible to reduce the consumption of blue fuel to 54 billion cubic meters by 2012. Well, in 2015, thanks to the loss of population, the drying up of the industrial sector, the fall in consumption rates, it was possible to reduce the need for gas to 33 billion cubic meters. This is the amount that Ukraine needs so far to exist normally.
In the country, the reduction in gas consumption is perceived as an achievement. But the decline in gas transit volumes is acutely negative. If in 2011 Ukraine pumped 104 billion cubic meters to Europe, then in 2015 only 59 billion - and these are millions and millions of lost hryvnias.
The Turkish Stream project consists of two strings with a capacity of almost 16 billion cubic meters each. At the same time, one of the lines is purely Ottoman - it will supply gas for domestic consumption by the country. Thus, by 2019, all the blue fuel Turkey needs will be supplied directly through Russia through the existing Blue Stream and Turkish Stream.
The second line of the gas pipeline is intended for European consumers: the Balkan countries, Romania, Italy, and there are interesting details here - according to the agreement, Gazprom has the right not to build this branch. On the one hand, this seems to be necessary in case the European Union balks and refuses to build infrastructure on its part. Then it seems like there is no point in building a thread for us. But, on the other hand, we still need to persuade the EU to receive gas bypassing Ukraine - this is one of the main tasks of modern Russia, and we cannot give it back. Therefore, we can not build the second string of the Turkish Stream only if another gas pipeline is laid from the south to the EU. From a purely economic point of view, it would be necessary to return to the "South Stream" - it is cheaper, and Turkey has fewer trump cards.
But, no matter what happens, the southern direction will remove at least 32 billion cubic meters from Ukrainian transit.
144.76.78.4
In the same 2019, the transit agreement concluded between Naftogaz and Gazprom expires. In sum, the southern and northern gas pipelines not only deprive Ukraine of the status of a transit country, but completely eliminate the very need to use it to deliver gas to Europe.
Gazprom even threatens not to conclude a new transit agreement. But he is rash, most likely, the contract will be concluded, just in case, but without gas supply. But there is one detail - Gazprom plans to get rid of 4 thousand kilometers of main gas pipelines by 2020, that is, to dismantle most of the pipelines inherited from the USSR. After that, the capacity of Ukrainian transit will drop to 10-15 billion cubic meters per year.
Why would he do it? Simply because these are morally and physically obsolete pipelines. On the Ukrainian side, by the way, the same pipes have been laid, only they are in the worst condition.
What will this mean for Ukraine?
Minus two billion dollars in revenue for the state, unprofitable Naftogaz and hundreds of kilometers of unused main gas pipeline, which, however, do not have to be dismantled - let them rust.
Will there be a collapse in Ukraine from this? Probably not. Russia and Ukraine itself have been watching with bated breath for more than the first winter - will they freeze or not? But the Ukrainians, although they get cold, each time they overwinter the cold. The state is a very strong thing, and just like that it does not collapse. But by 2019-2020, Ukraine will come to the limit of the strength of the Soviet energy system.
By 2020, the reduction of coal-fired power plants during their shutdown will lead to a shortage of three thousand MW. The deficit will increase incrementally and by 2025 will already amount to seven thousand MW.
Together, by 2025, this will result in a reduction in electricity generation capacity by 1/5 or more. In order to extend the service life of at least the first ten reactors, it will take more than a billion dollars, but in a good way it is necessary to build new power units to replace them, and this is one and a half billion dollars apiece. If Ukraine cannot start building them, having a profit from gas transit, then what will it do when there is no profit?
Forecast
After 2020, really serious problems will begin in the country. Lack of transit income, shortage of coal, closure of thermal power plants and nuclear power plants, low incomes of the population, which do not allow repeatedly raising housing and communal services tariffs, will lead to the fact that industry will have to pay, whose shutdown will compensate for the shortage of electricity, and growing unemployment will take the working population to neighboring countries, which again reduce power consumption. Well, let's not forget about the natural population decline.
That's what happens when you shoot yourself in the foot and then expect to get infected. But, on the other hand, it is precisely the loss by Ukraine of the last lever of influence on Russia that will deprive the United States of any interest in this territory, and the country will finally have the opportunity to gain independence and begin to solve its problems.
Without propaganda fanfare, television cameras and the presence of high-ranking officials, Gazprom has finally begun laying the long-suffering gas pipeline along the bottom of the Black Sea. And in fact, why raise an advertising hype when there is nothing special to brag about.
The original South Stream was renamed Turkish Stream, in the belief that by changing the name and direction, it would be possible to bypass the obstacles put forward by EU bureaucrats. However, the intractability of the Turks on the price of Russian energy, and then the conflict over the downed Su-24, pushed back the start of construction by two years.
Moreover, significant adjustments had to be made to the design capacity. Instead of four lines of the gas pipeline with a total volume of 63 billion cubic meters, there are only two - approximately 33 billion cubic meters. One of them is intended for Turkey itself, the other for consumers in Southern and South-Eastern Europe. If everything is clear with the Turkish thread (they started laying it), then the fate of the European one is still in complete fog.
It was assumed that since the Turkish side would be the owner of the second transit pipe from the Black Sea coast to the Greek border, this would remove all EU claims against Gazprom within the framework of the 3rd Energy Package, which does not allow combining the roles of seller and supplier of energy resources in one person. It turned out to be an almost win-win option, which, look, over time, could make it possible to lay two more strings of the gas pipeline and bring gas supplies to Europe to the desired volume.
Only these plans did not take into account the ambitions of Turkish President Erdogan. He, building a system of personal authoritarian power, went into open conflict with the West. Because of the referendum on the constitution, the head of Turkey quarreled with a number of leading EU countries.
In his pre-election rhetoric, Erdogan not only accused the Netherlands of fascism, Germany of maintaining the Nazi order, but, reproaching Brussels for deliberately delaying Turkey's admission to the EU, threatened to break the agreement on Middle Eastern migrants and no longer hold back the illegal flow of refugees. This is unlikely to be forgotten soon.
The Europeans were also sharply criticized by the mass repressions of the Turkish authorities against dissidents. Tens of thousands of teachers, judges, and lawyers not only lost their jobs - many of them ended up behind bars as possible supporters of the preacher Gülen, who was declared the main ideologist and organizer of the failed military coup in July 2016.
Also, the Western public was seriously concerned about the restrictions on democratic rights in Turkey and, above all, the attack on freedom of speech. The country came out on top in the world in terms of the number of arrested journalists. Dozens of opposition television and radio stations, newspapers and magazines have been closed.
German-Turkish relations have sunk to their lowest point. The diplomatic skirmish between Vienna and Ankara does not stop. The Turks, in particular, refused to jointly participate with the Austrian military in NATO exercises.
Greek-Turkish relations were not at their best. Athens did not extradite the Turkish soldiers who fled to their territory after the failed coup. Ankara responded with angry notes of protest.
All these factors, according to international experts, may have a political impact on Brussels' decision on the fate of Russian gas when it reaches the Greek border. At the same time, the main problem will not be the problem of Europe's growing energy dependence on Russia, but the expediency of a transit pipeline through Turkey, which can be regarded as European support for the Erdogan regime.
Moscow also seems to have realized the reality of such a prospect. It is not for nothing that soundings about the return to the Bulgarian version of the gas pipeline have recently become more active. Although in January 2015, the head of Gazprom categorically stated that the topic of South Stream was finally closed. Now I have to take back my words.
At the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, Bulgarian Minister of Energy Temenuzhka Petkova and Alexei Miller signed a road map that implies the participation of the Russian concern in the development of the gas transportation system in Bulgaria.
For two years now, Sofia has been nurturing the idea of building an interregional gas connector "Balkans" on the territory of the country in order to link all the pipelines of the Balkan Peninsula together. The main problem of the project was where to get gas and find investors. Bulgaria alone could not pull the construction worth 2 billion euros.
The European Commission reacted favorably to the proposal of Bulgaria, however, apart from verbal approval, it did not promise money. Prime Minister Boyko Borisov, speaking with President Vladimir Putin on the phone, tried to interest Russia in the idea of a gas hub. Failed. The Kremlin's faith in the future of the Turkish Stream was too rosy.
However, the Bulgarians did not lose hope. As it turned out, not in vain. True, Brussels still has to be convinced to give firm written guarantees (in the Moscow wording, "reinforced concrete") that it does not object to the truncated version of the South Stream.
The Bulgarian side believes that it will be able to resolve this issue. At least Borisov has already begun to prepare the ground. He, being on an official visit to Berlin, tried to attract Chancellor Merkel to the allies, telling her in detail about the plans to build the Balkans hub and its importance for the entire region of South-Eastern Europe.
Today, on May 7, the laying of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline along the bottom of the Black Sea began. On the eve of May 4, Vladimir Putin gave the go-ahead to Alexei Miller to begin construction of the offshore section.
Turkish Stream is an export gas pipeline from Russia to Turkey and Europe with a total throughput capacity of 31.5 billion cubic meters. gas per year. Two strings of the gas pipeline (one for supplies to Turkey, the second for Europe) will be laid along the bottom of the Black Sea from the coast near Anapa to the Turkish city of Luleburgaz. It is planned that the first gas via the new export route will arrive by the end of 2019.
Offshore laying will be carried out by Allseas vessels - Audacia and Pioneering Spirit. The same company won the tender for laying the first string of the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline. At the moment, the company has already laid more than 20,000 deepwater pipelines around the world.
The 225 meter pipelay vessel Audacia will operate in shallow depths.
The world's largest construction vessel, Pioneering Spirit, will operate in deep water. This is a double-hull catamaran with a length of 382 meters and a carrying capacity of 48,000 tons. The cost of the ship is almost 3 billion dollars.
It is curious that the ship was originally named Pieter Schelte, in honor of the father of the owner of the company, Edward Heerema (Edward Heerema), but was renamed Pioneering Spirit due to a scandal caused by the past of Peter Schelte Herem (he was a high-ranking member of the Waffen-SS).
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— a project of a transnational gas pipeline, which is being developed in order to diversify the routes of natural gas supplies to European consumers and involves the pumping of blue fuel through the Black Sea to the countries of South and Central Europe.
The Memorandum of Understanding on the implementation of the South Stream project between Gazprom and the Italian company Eni was signed on June 23, 2007. He determined the areas of cooperation between the two companies in the field of design, financing, construction and management of South Stream.
Since 2008, for several years, the economic and legal aspects of the deal have been coordinated, as a result of which the routes of the main pipelines were determined.
The gas pipeline route at the pre-investment stage of the project is considered in several options and includes onshore parts of the gas pipeline passing through the territories of a number of European countries, as well as offshore gas pipelines through the Black and Adriatic Seas (if the option of gas supplies to the southern part of Italy is chosen). In addition, to provide the "South Stream" with a sufficient amount of natural gas, it is planned to expand existing and build new gas transmission capacities on the territory of the Russian Federation.
The new gas pipeline system designed to supply South Stream with natural gas will run across Russia from the Pochinki compressor station to the Black Sea coast. Its length will reach approximately 2.5 thousand kilometers. It is planned to build 10 compressor stations.
Gas pipelines will be laid in eight regions of Russia: Voronezh, Volgograd, Rostov, Nizhny Novgorod, Penza and Saratov regions, Mordovia and the Krasnodar Territory.
The offshore section of the South Stream gas pipeline will run along the bottom of the Black Sea from the Russkaya compressor station on the Russian coast to the coast of Bulgaria.
The total length of the Black Sea section will be about 900 kilometers, the maximum depth of the gas pipeline in the Black Sea is 2250 meters.
There are several options for the South Stream route along the bottom of the Black Sea. At the moment, the route passing through the exclusive economic zones of Russia, Turkey and Bulgaria is being developed as the main one.
As of September 2011, the shares in the offshore section of the South Stream project were distributed as follows: OAO Gazprom - 50%, the Italian company Eni - 20%, the German company Wintershall Holding and the French energy company EDF - 15% each.
In the territories of the countries of Southern and Central Europe, two possible routes for laying the gas pipeline are being considered: the northwestern one - in the direction of Slovenia and Austria through Bulgaria, Serbia and Hungary, and the southwestern one - to Greece and Italy. Branches to Croatia and Macedonia will be made from the main route of the European onshore section of South Stream.
It is assumed that the pipeline is 15.57 billion cubic meters each. The commissioning of the first of them is scheduled for December 2015, and the full capacity (63 billion cubic meters) is expected by 2018. The estimated cost of South Stream is 15.5 billion euros, 10 billion of which is for the offshore section, and 5.5 billion for the onshore section.
In order to implement the European onshore part of the project, Russia has signed intergovernmental agreements with Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, Greece, Slovenia, Austria and Croatia.
In 2011-2012, Montenegro and the Republika Srpska expressed their desire to take part in the project. It was decided to develop feasibility studies for the construction of gas pipeline branches to these countries.
On November 21, 2011, South Stream's first facility was put into operation, the Banatski Dvor underground gas storage facility in Serbia, which is one of the largest gas storage facilities in Southeast Europe.
In the third quarter of 2011, the development of a consolidated feasibility study (feasibility study) for South Stream was completed, which combined a feasibility study for the offshore section and a feasibility study for sections passing through the territory of the countries of Southern and Central Europe. The consolidated feasibility study presents the main technical solutions for the project with a justification of their feasibility, an assessment of environmental safety and environmental protection measures, an assessment of the economic efficiency of the project, taking into account capital and operating costs.
In January 2012, in accordance with the instruction of Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, a detailed plan of measures was approved, allowing to start the accelerated construction of the South Stream gas pipeline not in 2013 as planned, but already in December 2012.
The final investment decision on South Stream will be made in November 2012.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources
The largest pipe-laying vessel in the world, Pioneering Spirit, arrived in Anapa to lay the Turkish Stream gas pipeline. And, judging by the practice of another Allseas pipelayer, Audacia, will begin work within a few days. What can get in the way is the weather. The Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the Krasnodar Territory warned that on June 3 in the region, including in Anapa, heavy rain, thunderstorms and squally winds up to 25 meters per second are possible.
Pioneering Spirit will lay the deep-water part of the Turkish Stream, which starts 40 km from Anapa and continues all the way to Turkey, and Audacia has already passed half of the shallow water. According to the Marinetraffic navigation site, the 477-meter giant entered the Russian port at 4 am today, having completed an almost three-week journey from Rotterdam.
The pipelayer arrived in Anapa. Screenshot from marinetraffic.com.
Two days before, the pipelayer passed the Bosphorus and, to ensure safety, the Turkish authorities were forced to close the strait to other ships. “If you are near the Bosphorus, don’t miss the passage of this hippopotamus,” Turkish blogger Alper Beler, who tracks shipping off the coast of Turkey, tweeted at the time. He also posted photos that allow you to see firsthand the scale of the largest pipelayer in the world.
Photo: twitter.com. As already reported, the construction of a 910-kilometer gas pipeline across the Black Sea began three weeks ago. It is now being led by the pipe-laying vessel Audacia. Pioneering Spirit is the largest ship in its class. Its total length is 477 meters and it is a catamaran capable of laying a gas pipeline at a sea depth of up to 4 km (in the Black Sea along the Turkish Stream route, it is 600-2000 meters). The carrying capacity of the vessel is up to 48,000 tons, which makes it possible to move entire offshore platforms. At one time, Pioneering Spirit is able to take 27 thousand tons of pipes to the main deck. It provides accommodation for 571 people on board. There are 13 welding stations and 6 stations for insulating the gas pipeline. In terms of its characteristics, the capabilities of Pioneering Spirit are twice those of Audacia. According to experts, the cost of chartering a vessel is 250-300 thousand euros per day. The latest projects of the world's largest pipelayer are the dismantling of production platforms in the North Sea.
Recall that in December and February, Allseas signed a contract with Gazprom's South Stream Transport B.V. for the construction of two strings of the Turkish Stream. They should be completed in 2019. The highway will “leave” the Black Sea to the European part of Turkey and run to the border with Greece.
In the Black Sea, one gas pipeline has already been laid from Russia to Turkey - the Blue Stream. It was built by Gazprom in 2002. About 13 billion cubic meters of gas was supplied through the 1,213-kilometer main line last year.
Two strings of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline will ensure the supply of 32 billion cubic meters of gas per year, bypassing Ukraine. According to the first, 12 billion cubic meters will go to the domestic market of Turkey, and the remaining 4 billion cubic meters, as stated by the Turkish authorities, will be supplied to the Southern Gas Corridor under construction from Azerbaijan to Greece and Italy. In March, Gazprom and Italy's Eni signed a memorandum of understanding on gas supplies to Europe via the southern corridor and announced the modernization of contracts to change gas delivery points.
It is planned to supply all gas to Europe through the second line of the Turkish Stream. Last February, Gazprom, Edison SpA and DEPA SA signed a memorandum of understanding on natural gas supplies from Russia to Greece and from Greece to Italy. However, how, the question has not yet been resolved. According to the head of the Russian Ministry of Energy Alexander Novak, Russian gas can also go through Bulgaria, where they plan to create a regional gas hub.
Scheme of the Turkish Stream route from the gazprom.ru website.
However, the construction of one branch of the gas pipeline will be a significant blow to Ukraine. “For Ukraine, the implementation of this project will have negative consequences, not as big as those from Nord Stream, but the loss of approximately 15 billion cubic meters of transit from the current 70 billion cubic meters is a very large amount,” Andriy, head of Naftogaz Ukrainy, said earlier. Kobolev. Today, Ukraine receives about $ 2 billion a year for the transit of Russian gas, and the construction of Nord Stream 2 and the Turkish Stream will reduce revenues by five times. After the expiration of the contract and the commissioning of two new bypass highways, Gazprom plans to reduce transit through Ukraine to 15 billion cubic meters per year. They will be delivered to the Balkans.