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4 stages of war

• Stage III: May 1985 - December 1986 Transition from active combat operations mainly to support of the actions of the Afghan troops by Soviet aviation, artillery and sapper units. Special Forces units fought to prevent the delivery of weapons and ammunition from abroad. The withdrawal of 6 Soviet regiments to their homeland took place.
• Stage IV: January 1987 - February 1989 Participation of Soviet troops in the Afghan leadership's policy of national reconciliation. Continued support for the combat activities of Afghan troops. Preparation of Soviet troops for their return to their homeland and the implementation of their complete withdrawal.

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Changes in the foreign policy of the Soviet leadership during the period of "perestroika" contributed to the political settlement of the situation. On April 14, 1988, with the mediation of the United Nations in Switzerland, the USSR, the USA, Pakistan and Afghanistan signed the Geneva Accords on a phased peaceful solution of the Afghan problem. The Soviet government undertook to withdraw troops from Afghanistan by February 15, 1989. The US and Pakistan, for their part, had to stop supporting the Mujahideen.

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The war dragged on. The Soviet army was unprepared for a long war with the partisans. She captured the bases of the Mujahideen, suffered heavy losses, storming the passes. But the partisans went to Pakistan and Iran along the mountain paths, replenished their ranks, and returned again. It was impossible to block all mountain roads. The Americans supplied the Mujahideen with the most advanced weapons and trained professional terrorists. The Mujahideen fired on Soviet garrisons and roads along which food and ammunition were supplied from the USSR. In addition, the PDPA army fought against compatriots reluctantly.

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Main events A group of officers of the USSR Ministry of Defense, which was engaged in summarizing the experience of military operations in Afghanistan, divided the entire period of the stay of Soviet troops in Afghanistan into the following four stages: from December 1979 to February 1980 - the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan, placing them in garrisons; from March 1980 to April 1985 - conducting active hostilities, including large-scale ones, work on the reorganization and strengthening of the armed forces of the DRA; from April 1985 to January 1987 - the transition from active operations mainly to supporting the Afghan troops with Soviet aviation, artillery and sapper units, while the special forces units continued to fight to prevent the delivery of weapons and ammunition from abroad. During this period, a partial withdrawal of Soviet troops from the territory of Afghanistan was carried out; from January 1987 to February 1989 - the participation of Soviet troops in the implementation of the policy of national reconciliation with continued support for the combat activities of the Afghan troops. Preparation of Soviet troops for withdrawal and their complete withdrawal.

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Afghan war (1979-1989)

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The entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan On December 27, 1979, Soviet troops crossed the Afghan border. Amin was replaced by Karmal. Soviet troops landed in the capital of the country, Kabul, and stormed Amin's palace. The dictator was killed. According to the official report, the revolutionary court found Amin guilty "of committing crimes against the state" and sentenced him to death.

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Expenses and expenses of the USSR 800 million US dollars were spent annually from the USSR budget to support the Kabul government. From the budget of the USSR, from 3 to 8.2 billion US dollars were annually spent on the maintenance of the 40th Army and the conduct of hostilities.

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Losses of the USSR 1979 86 people 1980 1484 people 1981 1298 people 1982 1948 people 1983 1448 people 1984 2343 people 1985 1868 people 1986 1333 people 1987 1215 people 1988 759 people 1989 people 3 generals

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Withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan Since 1983, the USSR began to look for the possibility of withdrawing troops from Afghanistan. Taking advantage of the contradictions between the Mujahideen, it was possible to temporarily conclude a truce with the most experienced partisan commander A. Masud, who led the armed forces of the Islamic Society of Afghanistan. In 1986, the unpopular Karmal was replaced by a more authoritative leader, N. Najibullah.

February 15 is the 28th anniversary of the withdrawal of a limited contingent of Soviet troops from the Republic of Afghanistan.

This date - like the undeclared war itself on the territory of the Republic of Afghanistan - occupies a special place in the history of our country.

1979 - 1989

The Afghan war continued

2238 days.

Participants in the conflict

The armed forces of the DRA government on the one hand and the armed opposition (mujahideen) on the other took part.

The struggle was for complete political control over the territory of Afghanistan. The Soviet Army was also directly involved in the military conflict.

Participants in the conflict

During the conflict, the Mujahideen were supported by military specialists from the United States, a number of European countries - members of NATO, China, as well as Pakistani special services.

“Given the military-political situation in the Middle East, the last appeal of the government of Afghanistan was considered positively. A decision was made to bring some contingents of Soviet troops stationed in the southern regions of the country into the territory of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in order to provide international assistance to the friendly Afghan people, as well as to create favorable conditions for the prohibition of possible anti-Afghan actions by neighboring states ... "

Minister of Defense of the USSR

Marshal of the Soviet Union D. F. Ustinov

Chief of the General Staff

Marshal of the Soviet Union N. V. Ogarkov

The stay of Soviet troops in Afghanistan and their combat activities are conditionally divided into four stages:

Stage I: December 1979 - February 1980 The entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan, their placement in garrisons, the organization of protection of deployment points and various objects.

Stage II: March 1980 - April 1985. Conducting active hostilities, including large-scale ones, together with Afghan formations and units. Work on the reorganization and strengthening of the armed forces of the DRA.

Stage III: May 1985 - December 1986. The transition from active hostilities mainly to supporting the actions of the Afghan troops by Soviet aviation, artillery and sapper units. The use of motorized rifle, airborne and tank units

IV stage: January 1987 - February 1989. Preparation of Soviet troops for the return to their homeland and the implementation of their complete withdrawal

Letters from the front

We are not looking for awards They just did what they could. Dushmans and I fought furiously For the freedom of the Afghan land. Do not forget the front-line us weekdays, Forced marches and ambushes in the mountains. And the scorching sun at noon And creaking sand on the teeth. And when they came back On Russian native land Remembered friends many times who died in this war. Still aching wounds in the middle of the night, And a mean man's tear Covers tired eyes What have you done to us, war

Since 1983, the USSR began to look for the possibility of withdrawing troops from Afghanistan. Only in 1988 were agreements reached in Geneva, according to which the USSR withdrew its troops, and the United States and Pakistan ceased military support for the Mujahideen.

The main burden of the armed struggle against the opposition groups fell on the shoulders of our soldiers.

Side losses

Afghanistan casualties

The exact number of Afghans killed in the war is unknown. During the nine years of war, more than 2.5 million Afghans (mostly civilians) were killed or maimed, and several million more became refugees, many of whom fled the country.

USSR losses

As of January 1, 1999, irretrievable losses in the Afghan war (killed, died from wounds, diseases and in accidents, missing) were estimated as follows

Missing and captured: 417

wounded, wounded, traumatized : 53 753

become disabled : 10 751

Vehicle losses:

Aircraft: 118 Helicopters: 333 Tanks: 147 BMP, BTR, BRDM : 1314

Guns, mortars : 433 Radio stations, command and staff vehicles: 1138 engineering vehicles : 510 Cars onboard, fuel trucks : 11 369

Back forward

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Target: education of patriotic feelings in students.

Tasks: expand students' knowledge about the war in Afghanistan; to form an idea of ​​military duty and loyalty to the Motherland, honor, courage, self-sacrifice; instill a sense of respect for the participants in the Afghan events.

Equipment: multimedia projector, presentation.

Event progress

1st host: Time further and further distances us, living in the 21st century, from the past century with its epoch-making events that will remain in the memory of future generations. The Afghan war, which lasted from December 25, 1979 to February 15, 1989, occupies a modest place in the chain of military conflicts in terms of its scale. But in terms of the senselessness of the losses incurred, moral damage and political consequences, it has no equal. (slide 1)

Reader:

Behind the back and mountains, and grief
Behind the back of the military Afghan
And he echoes with an automatic line
The echo is long, hiding in the fog.
Lost souls behind
And the lost souls of the guys
And we will still listen with pain
Echoes long, looking back. (slide 2)

2nd leader: Dedicated to the memory of all the soldiers-internationalists who have passed the roads of Afghanistan… (slide 3)

3rd leader: Officially, the war in Afghanistan was called "the fulfillment of international duty." What was this war? Where did it all start?

1st host: In 1978, a coup took place in Afghanistan, and the pro-communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan came to power. Its leaders sought to build socialism in a backward feudal country in a short time. This policy did not meet with the support of the population. In response to the repression, the Afghans took up arms. The resistance to the communists was led by Islamists. The guerrillas, who were called fighters for the faith or Mujahideen, were assisted by the United States and Pakistan. The Afghan authorities asked for military assistance in suppressing this resistance by bringing Soviet troops into Afghanistan. (slides 4 - 5)

2nd leader: The Soviet leadership, in order to prevent the threat of the appearance of a hostile state near the borders of the USSR, decided to introduce a limited contingent of Soviet troops into Afghanistan. They were ordered to protect the local population from gangs, as well as to distribute food, fuel and basic necessities. The decision was made on December 12, 1979. (slides 6 - 7)

3rd leader: On the night of December 27, Soviet troops landed in the capital of the country, Kabul, and stormed the palace of the dictator Amin. The next morning, our troops began to arrive in Kabul. (slide 8)

Readers:

There, across the river, there is a mountain pass
Behind the pass - a serpentine road,
Dear one, our regiment was in Afghanistan,
When he was alerted at night.
And then we are completely green
Still beardless boys in uniform,
Didn't understand why
We are entering Afghanistan. (slide 9)

Through the sounds of clanging metal on concrete
A command was heard throughout the column,
That our "Guards" our "Berlin" regiment
It is now going through Herat to Shindand.
Once in Afghanistan, one thing we knew for sure
Afghanistan is an eastern country,
And that is not for nothing called "hot spot"
The country on the map where the war is going on.
The war is serious, the war is in earnest here,
And that means blood, which means the death of people.
Imagine scary even for a minute
A picture of those bygone days. (slide 10)

1st host: But after some time, our troops were drawn into the flaring civil war between the armed forces of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and the Mujahideen and became its active participants. Indeed, from time immemorial, very strong tribal traditions have been in Afghanistan, religion plays a huge role. Islam is part of the culture and way of life of the peoples of Afghanistan. No newcomers are able to establish other orders on Afghan soil. By introducing the 40th Army into Afghanistan, the Soviet leaders hoped to quickly "put things in order" - and they took the wrong step ... (slides 11 - 12)

Reader:

On the mountain roads of Afghanistan
For several years,
Fulfilling the order of battle,
The Soviet contingent passed.
In a distant land beyond the cordon
Not much to see
Attacks of hired spooks
Sometimes every day to reflect.
Not everyone returned from the East,
Not everything that I wanted came true
Under the scorching sun cruelly
There wasn't much to see.
They were only 18
When they were called to serve.
What a pity that the guys died,
who wanted to live. (slide 13)

2nd leader: The war in Afghanistan continued for 9 terrible years. Overseas strategists in the struggle for influence in this explosive region spared no expense. Not only an information war was declared against us. A wide river flowed into Afghanistan modern air defense systems, small arms and heavy weapons, mine warfare equipment. But the main thing is money. For each ear of a Soviet soldier, like a scalp during the conquest of America, they paid generously. Ambush killing has become the most profitable business for a simple Afghan. (slide 14)

Reader:

Boy 20 years old
Remained on the soil of Afghanistan.
Boy 20 years old
I dreamed of returning home from Afghanistan,
To see my mother, to meet my dawn.
Yes, not fate - beveled with a Dushman bullet ...
Letters and a portrait returned home.
There is a boy on it, no - now a man.
His entire life is less than 20 years.
He wrote to his mother: “Don't be afraid for me.
I serve well. What more i can say?
I go to the columns, so do not worry.
I'll be back in the spring - now it won't be long to wait.
My dear, do not be upset
You are with me in thoughts and deeds.”
(He did not write that they were being shot at
And the "spirits" guard them in the mountains). (slide 15)

3rd leader: This war was called "undeclared". For 9 years, Soviet troops participated in 416 planned combat operations. Meanwhile, Moscow radio and television reported on planted trees, ditches dug by Soviet troops and planned military exercises, and from there zinc coffins arrived in villages and cities. The guys left to serve in the army, and many parents did not know that their sons were sent to a distant Afghanistan. From a letter from Major Anatoly Devyatyarov, propagandist of the artillery regiment: “ You look at the dead man and think about his mother: I know that her son died. Maybe she's at a wedding right now. Should I tell her? Even worse - fell into the river or into the abyss, the body was not found. Mothers report: missing ... Whose war was it? Mothers War. They fought. But the people did not suffer. The people didn't know."(slide 16)

1st host: In nine years, about 600,000 Soviet soldiers passed through Afghanistan. We lost 13,833 people killed and dead from wounds, 49,985 people wounded and maimed, 330 people captured and missing. Became war invalids - 6669 people. Hundreds of human lives were connected with the events unfolding in the country of mountains and sands. The fate of Russian boys who found themselves far from their homeland and looked into the face of death... (slide 17 - 18)

Reader:

The fierce sun over Kandahar
A death grip clung to the fields.
Our column is shrouded in heat -
Seventy above zero.

Faces like masks under the sun and dust.
Armor yellowed through clothing.
Mixed facets between delirium and reality -
Seventy above zero.

The heat suffocates the crushed will.
Cracked lips, praying for moisture.
And, cursing the soldier's lot, -
Seventy above zero.

"To battle!" - and baked like never before!
A whirlwind shot up, the earth boiled!
A company in the gorge of dushmans squeezed -
Just think, seventy is above zero! (slide 19)

2nd leader: The guys endured all the difficulties steadfastly, courageously, heroically. At mountain outposts, in the air and on the ground, in Herat and Kandahar, Kunduz and Jalalabad, they performed their military duty. They fell into ambushes and burned alive in armored personnel carriers, swallowed the dust of the roads under the crossfire of machine guns, risking their own lives, pulled the wounded from the battlefield, remaining face to face with the enemies, and covered the retreat of their comrades. Look through the Book of Memory: ... heroically died in a night battle; entered into battle with superior enemy forces and died; led the battle, being mortally wounded, to the last breath; died in hand-to-hand combat... (slide 20)

Reader:

Our youth was short
Covered with early gray hair
Our youth vomited on mines,
Filled with the Afghan war.

Our youth rushed by ramming
Crush the Dushman plane
To weaken the fire of a hurricane,
Fell on an enemy machine gun.

Directly covering the barrel with the heart
Fell for youth to live
Terrible, violent, evil,
What a youth! (slide 21)

3rd leader: For courage and heroism, for honorably performed by medals and medals of the USSR, 200 thousand servicemen were awarded, including 10,900 posthumously. 66 servicemen were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, 23 of them posthumously. (slide 22)

Reader:

Never to be re-evaluated
Neither the courage nor the devotion of the soldiers,
who passed through Herat,
Through dushmans terrible dungeons,
Through night raids and fights
Through Salanga ribbons - serpentines,
Men grown beyond their years
Hiding their wounds.
Through the bloody Panjshir and Kabul,
Jalalabad and a long silence
Without tarnishing either conscience or rank,
Not cursing time and fate.
They are faithful to the end
One oath, military duty...
Perhaps they don't live long.
That in the scars and scars of their young hearts.

1st host: When the war ended, the soldiers and officers returned to their native land with a sense of accomplishment. Their fathers and mothers, wives and children, friends and loved ones met them with great joy. And beyond the threshold of the house they were considered "lost" and tried not to talk about this war. As if she didn't exist. From a letter from Vladimir Erokhov, an ordinary grenade launcher:

“... We returned with the hope that we would be welcomed at home with open arms. And suddenly the discovery - no one is interested in what we have experienced.
... At the institute, the old teacher urged:
You have become the victim of a political mistake.
– I was then 18 years old. How old are you? When our skin was bursting from the heat, you were silent. When we were brought in "black tulips", you were silent. Now they all started talking at once: a victim ... a mistake ...
And I don't want to be the victim of a political mistake. Let the light turn over, but it will not turn over: the heroes lie in the earth. (slide 23)

Reader:

Who is to blame that, having experienced all the torment,
Are we not happy with our awards?
Maybe my friend is to blame
That he returned to his mother without arms?

Who is to blame for giving their lives,
And they did not add glory to the country,
That we, undefeated in that war,
How were the vanquished received at home?

Who is to blame for the fact that there is no answer,
Why was that strange war
Where there is only one terrible price
And there is no gain?

2nd leader: Yes, the events of that war are assessed differently. Many call it a “mistake” and “intervention”, and the soldiers - Afghans - “killers” and “occupiers”. Then, in 1979, the Motherland sent its soldiers to protect the southern borders, they could not disobey the order. You can not judge the soldiers who did their military duty. History will judge "Who were we in a distant country." (slide 24)

Reader:

Guilty smile
You do not hide, the military registration and enlistment office.
They say there was a mistake
Nine years ago.
Where the stars are above the crosses
circled in gold,
Someone with sleepy eyebrows
Moved towards the war.

And the battalions rushed
From speeches tipsy,
According to non-Russian, calcined
Hating earth.
Someone's goldfish
Someone's star calendar! ..
What's wrong there
Kohl promised a medal!

Nine years steadfastly demolished
A load of orders and coffins.
And in Russia perestroika
Apparatus and headquarters.
We responded flexibly:
What is this war?
And nodded: Yes, a mistake,
After all, the error is not the fault ...

Guy at Jalalabad
Found a letter
And above the guy like a lamp -
Another white face.
It will become unsteady, it will become sticky
In the father's house at the rakita ...
Mom, this is not a mistake:
I'm really killed. (slides 25 - 26)

3rd leader: Warriors-internationalists who went through Afghan live and work among us. They are our pride. The boys, who, by the will of fate, found themselves far from their homeland, showed everyone that they are still, as throughout the history of Russia, worthy and faithful sons, reliable defenders of its interests. We must not forget about the soldiers of this war! (slide 27)

Reader:

He loved life and firmly believed in friendship.
And imbued with faith from a young age,
What is nothing more than the military duty of a soldier,
There is nothing higher or more sacred in the world.
And, not preparing for a feat all the time,
He was always ready for a feat.
And here it is - the fight.
The earth sighs heavily
And the heart is like a bell in the chest,
And the vest is violently torn,
And death. But immortality is ahead! (slide 28)

1st host: On February 15, 1989, this war ended, the longest of the wars waged by our country in the 20th century. On this day, the last Soviet soldier left the land of Afghanistan. (slide 29)

Reader:

From once conquered heavenly peaks
On the steps, charred, we descend to the ground.
Under aimed volleys of slander and lies
We're leaving, we're leaving, we're leaving...

Goodbye mountains, you know better
Who were we in a distant land
Let not judge one-sidedly
Us office clerk.

Goodbye, Afghan, this ghostly world.
It is not proper to remember you kindly, like,
But the combat commander is sad about something,
We're leaving, we're leaving, we're leaving...

Goodbye mountains, you know better
What is our pain and our glory.
What are you, great power,
Will you redeem the tears of mothers?

We may not be able to return here.
How many of us died in this long campaign.
And things are not done completely, but ...
We're leaving, we're leaving, we're leaving... (slide 30)

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