Julia Amrahova
Synopsis of GCD "Solar System"
Program content:
a) educational:
repeat knowledge about the constituent parts of outer space;
b) developing:
develop curiosity, fantasy, imagination; fine motor skills of the hands;
c) educating:
to cultivate interest in the desire to learn more about the cosmos, the universe.
Vocabulary work:
Universe, space, comet, galaxy.
Materials:
illustrations, background from sheets of black cardboard, cardboard models of the planets, oilcloth, glue, napkins of different colors,.
Preliminary work:
A conversation about space;
Reading stories, poems about space;
Riddles about space;
Acquaintance with the encyclopedia for the curious "All about space";
memorizing poems;
Learning songs in a music lesson;
Exhibition of crafts and drawings on the theme "Space".
Lesson progress:
The teacher asks riddles.
Good, good, for everyone
looks, but does not command himself. (The sun)
You warm up the whole world
You don't know fatigue
Smiling at the window
And everyone calls you.
Right, sun? And what is it? (round, warm, hot).
Where is the Sun? (in space, in the sky).
Now guess another riddle:
"Black path
Stuffed with peas. " (stars.)
When can we see the stars?
Where they are?
Why do you think they seem small?
What else is in space? (meteorites, meteors, comets.)
What do we call the Sun and all the planets that revolve around it? (Solar system).
The SUN is the brightest and largest star, the center of the solar system. Nine planets revolve around the sun and receive light and heat from it. They are in the following order from the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.
Self-massage with massage balls
Let's take a small ball and roll it in our hands.
The sun rolls across the sky
Like a yellow ball.
Everyone, everyone, everyone is happy with the sun,
Only the icicle is crying.
Guys, let's remember what planets are in the solar system. (show planets image)
An astrologer lived on the moon.
He kept records of the planets:
Once - Mercury,
Two is Venus
Three is Earth
Four is Mars
Five is Jupiter
Six is Saturn
Seven is Uranus
Educator: Are the planets the same or different? What is the difference? How are they similar?
Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun
It is flooded with rays of hot light
He gets so many rays
That this planet of others is hot.
Educator: Mercury is smaller than our planet, its surface is stone, there is no atmosphere here. Do you think there is life on this planet? (children's answers)
Educator:
In honor of the goddess of beauty
You are named Venus
You fly in the clouds
You illuminate with beauty.
Venus has neither air nor water, it can be seen in the night sky. Is there life on this planet? (Children's answers) Why? It's sizzling heat here. It is so hot there that you can bake a cake in a few seconds without an oven. Venus is the brightest planet in the sky.
Educator:
There is one planet - a garden
In this cold space
Only here the forests are noisy,
Birds calling migratory.
Only on it one bloom
Lilies of the valley in green grass
And dragonflies are only here
They look into the river in surprise ...
Have you guessed what planet this is? This planet has water, land, an atmosphere, animals, birds live on it, trees grow, flowers bloom, people live. The Earth has its satellite - the Moon.
The Moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth. The second brightest object in the earth's sky after the Sun. There is no atmosphere, so humans cannot breathe on the Moon. The word "moon" means "bright". In ancient times, people considered the moon to be the goddess - the patroness of the night.
Educator:
I am Mars.
They circle above the red planet
Kamenyuki, Fear and Horror
There is no mountain anywhere in the world
Higher than here on the planet.
There is no life on Mars.
Educator:
Jupiter is larger than all the planets
But there is no life on the planet.
liquid hydrogen everywhere
And bitter cold all year round.
It is the largest planet in the solar system. It is so big that all the other planets could fit in it. Jupiter is a giant ball of liquid and gas.
Educator:
You will certainly recognize Saturn by sight,
It is surrounded by a large ring.
Once upon a time, the water froze there,
And Saturn's rings of snow and ice.
Guys, what do you think, can someone exist on these two planets? (Answers of children). Why? (It's very cold here) Saturn is a large ball of liquid and gas. The planet is known for its magnificent rings. Each of Saturn's rings is made up of gases, ice particles, rocks, and sand.
Educator:
I'm already a century
Among the Roman brothers a Greek,
And through space longing
I rush, lying on my side.
This is the planet Uranus. The only planet in the solar system that revolves around the sun, as if lying on its side. It is called the "lying planet". The temperature on the surface of Uranus - the gas giant planet - is very low and ranges from -208 to -212 degrees Celsius.
Children, is there life on this planet? (children's answers)
And why? (children's answers)
Educator:
I am Neptune.
On the blue planet
The wind is blowing very strong
The year on it is very great -
Winter lasts 40 years.
The strongest winds in the solar system blow on the surface of the planet, reaching speeds of over 2000 km / h, which is 2 times faster than the speed of a jet liner.
Educator:
I am Pluto.
It takes 5 hours for the light
Fly to this planet
And that's why I
Not visible in telescopes.
We know very little about Pluto because no automatic stations have been sent to it.
Educator: No one lives on these planets, the most distant from the sun, they are lifeless.
And now we will go on a journey on a rocket.
Fizminutka "Rocket"
And now we are with you, children,
We fly on a rocket.
Get up on your toes
And then hands down.
One, two (stand on toes, hands up, palms form a “rocket dome”)
Three, four - (main rack)
Here's a rocket going up.
Let's see what else is in space besides the planets. (Illustration display)
There are also asteroids and comets in the solar system.
An asteroid is a small planet-like celestial body moving in orbit around the Sun.
A comet is a small celestial body that has a hazy appearance. It consists of rocks, ice and dust. When a comet approaches the Sun, it develops a luminous tail.
Who will tell me the name of the first cosmonaut?
Children's answers.
The astronaut must lead a healthy lifestyle, exercise in the morning. Today we will find out whether we are ready to become astronauts.
“Get to exercise!”
Hands to the sides at shoulder width. The right hand makes circles in the air. The left hand makes exactly the same circles, but in the opposite direction.
The right hand moves up. The left hand makes circles.
The right hand makes triangles in the air. Left hand - circles.
The right hand makes circles. Left hand triangles. The foot draws a square on the floor.
Attention! Take your seats. Buckle up, let's start the countdown 5-4-3-2-1-start! Close your eyes, now we are flying at great speed, you have very heavy arms, legs, head. Tighten up, feel this heaviness. But now we have escaped from the gravity of the earth, open your eyes, we are in a state of weightlessness - let's experience this state.
We float in weightlessness
We are under the ceiling
(Standing on one leg, keep balance, helping with hands).
Educator: Now I see that you have become strong and dexterous and are ready to model our solar system.
The teacher invites the children to divide into teams, distributes circles of cardboard to the teams and the children use napkins to paste over the cardboard, giving them the appearance of planets.
Then each planet is placed on the background, lining up the planets in a certain order.
Lesson analysis:
Look what a great job. What did you picture?
Planets, comets, stars...
Summary of the lesson:
Did you enjoy traveling to outer space? What interesting things did you find out? What did you like the most? This lesson is over, well done.
When creating the abstract, Internet resources were used:
http://csdbf7.narod.ru/index.files/page0009.htm
http://www.ivalex.vistcom.ru/zanatia151.htm
http://doshvozrast.ru/konspekt/komplex26.htm
Synopsis of GCD in the speech therapy group preparatory to school
"Planets of the Solar System"
Compiled by the educator of the 1st qualification category Samarina E.F.
GBDOU No. 9 of the Pushkinsky district of St. Petersburg
Target:
Continue to enrich children's knowledge and expand their understanding of space;
Tasks:
Educational:
- To form elementary ideas about the Universe and consolidate knowledge about the planets of the solar system (their features, location relative to the Sun, orbits of motion) and about the first cosmonaut - Yu.A. Gagarin.
- To form the ability to answer a detailed answer to the question posed;
- Strengthen the ability to combine movement and speech.
- To enrich the vocabulary of children with the names of planets, space objects.
Educational:
- To form in children an interest in the profession of an astronaut, curiosity.
- Improve the ability to listen to a friend and not interrupt.
Developing:
- To encourage the manifestation of initiative and curiosity in order to consolidate the acquired knowledge; development of connected speech.
- Contribute to the development of: the skill of reading syllables and words, thinking, attention, memory, articulatory apparatus, creative imagination, the ability to analyze.
Activate Dictionary: space, outer space, solar system, orbit, meteorite.
Integration of educational activities:
cognitive development;
Socio-communicative;
physical;
Speech.
Used pedagogical technologies:
gaming;
Health saving;
Person-oriented;
Research activities;
Information and communication.
Preliminary work:
Examination of illustrations on the theme "Space", a conversation about space; viewing illustrations about space; drawing "Space fantasy", starry sky, reading poems and stories about space.
Materials and equipment:
multimedia presentation; audio cassette "Great space journey"; cards with words with missing letters; flour, basin, small balls; sheets with the image of "Martians"; sheets with numbers; envelopes from the game "Tangram" with a rocket scheme; split picture of the Earth; cards with gymnastics for language and physical minutes. Crossword.
GCD progress:
Our conversation today is not quite normal. So that you understand what we are going to talk about today, guess the keyword. We will guess it by letter and write in these cells:
In the third cell, write down the letter that is hidden in the word "SLEEP". In the word "sleep" this letter comes first.
In the sixth cell, write down the letter that is hidden in the word "SUCCESS". In the word "success" the letter we need is in second place.
In the first cell we write down the letter that is hidden in the word "TALE". In this word, this letter is in second place.
In the fifth cell, we write the letter that is in third place in the word "MOLE".
In the fourth cell, write down the letter that comes last in the word "SUIT".
In the second cell, we write the letter that is in fourth place in the word "BATON".
After completing this task, the children read the keyword "SPACE", thus determining the topic of the lesson.
Educator:
What are people who fly into space called?
Who was the first astronaut?(A portrait of Yu.A. Gagarin is projected)
Who was the first female astronaut?(A portrait of V.N. Tereshkova is projected)
What do you have to be to fly into space?
What is the astronaut suit called?(An image of a space suit is projected.)What are the functions of a space suit?(The spacesuit protects against extreme cold in the shade and hot sunlight, maintains oxygen and is equipped with many pockets, each of which has its own purpose).
Guys, would you like to go on a virtual journey to the planets of the solar system today? Tell me, what does the virtual journey mean, which we are going to go on now?
Educator: Correctly! This means that we must imagine how we are flying on a space rocket to the planets of the solar system.
So, in order to fly into space, you need to build ... a rocket.(An image of a rocket is projected.)Let's be designers and engineers. Take envelopes from the table and build a rocket according to the scheme(game "Tangram", three levels of difficulty).
Fizminutka.
"Flight to the Stars"
Takes flight
Our magical starship.(Children march with words)
Put on your spacesuits!(stop, imitate movements)
Grab your seats soon! ( sit down)
We take off from the spaceport(They stand up, raise their hands through the sides up and connect
Flying straight to the stars! them over your head. bounce)
So, we are going on a space journey to the planets of the solar system. But first, let's do some gymnastics for our tongues. To give clear answers, we need to practice tongues.
Choo-choo-choo, I want to fly into space.
They - them - them, we'll fly on a rocket.
Dy - dy - dy, we will fly to the star.
Oh - oh - oh, then we'll go home.
What planets will we meet on the way?
(Mars, Venus, Mercury, Pluto, Saturn, Jupiter, Moon, Neptune).
Why are they called the planets of the solar system?(Because they all revolve around the sun). And what is the Sun telling us...(The image of the Sun is projected)
The sun is the largest, brightest and hottest star. It is located in the center of our solar system. The sun is a huge ball of hot gases. It is so large that the Earth can easily fit inside the Sun a million times over. Planets and other celestial objects revolve around it. The sun distributes heat to its nearest planets. True, those planets that are very close to the Sun (Mercury and Venus) are very hot, and those that are farther from Mars are very cold, because the warm rays almost do not reach them. The sun is very hot and life is impossible there.
Educator:- Attention. Look out the windows, we are approaching the first planet of the solar system.(An image of the planet Mercury is projected.)What is it called? She prepared a story for us about this planet ... Mercury is the smallest and fastest planet in the solar system. It is located closest to the sun. There is neither water nor air on it, its surface is covered with dust, stones and craters. The planet is hot during the day and very cold at night.
Educator: A lot of meteorites fell on this planet. Do you know what a meteorite is? (Rigid body falling to Earth from interplanetary space). (An image of a meteorite is projected). From a collision with a meteorite, a crater forms on the planet. Want to see how craters form?
Experience: “Meteorites and meteorite craters”
Educator: - Imagine that flour is the surface of the planet, and the ball is a meteorite. A meteorite flies through space at great speed and hits the surface of the planet. Look at what has formed on the surface of the planet - depressions, pits, craters. Guys, why did the crater form? (The meteorite is heavy, and the surface of the planet is soft, covered with a thick layer of dust, so a crater formed).
Well done guys, you got the job done.
Our journey continues. Let's head for the next planet. Which planet is next to Mercury? Will tell us about Venus...(The image of Venus is projected.)
Venus is the second planet from the Sun. On it, like on Earth, there is an atmosphere, it is such an air shell. Only unlike our earthly one, it does not consist of oxygen, but mostly of carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is impossible to breathe on Venus, and it is very, very hot on its surface. There are always a lot of clouds around her. The entire surface of Venus is a hot, rocky desert. There are no plants, no animals, no bacteria.
Educator: And where we will fly next we will find out when we add up the picture.(Cut-off picture depicting the Earth). (The image of the Earth is projected).
What do you know about our planet?(Earth is the only planet where life exists)
Why is there life on Earth?(There is water, air, suitable temperature)
What is the name of the earth's satellite?
Educator: - Here is the fourth reddish planet from the Sun - Mars.(An image of the planet Mars is projected.)It has the highest mountains. Previously, people thought that there were living beings on this planet, but they were wrong. There is very little oxygen on Mars.
Guys, look out the windows. What do we see?(A table with funny creatures is projected). Who do you think it is? Perhaps these are the inhabitants of the planet Mars - the Martians. They decided to play a game with you. You see, they live in a square house. Some of them hid. Let's find them. Determine which Martian is missing in each row.
- And now we will fly to the largest planet in the solar system. And tell us about her...(An image of the planet Jupiter is projected)
The largest, fifth planet in the solar system. Jupiter is made up of gas and is called a gas giant. Storms and whirlwinds of winds constantly occur on its surface, and the planet itself, despite its size, very quickly rotates around its axis, like a top.
Educator: To fly further, we need to complete the task. Need fill in the missing letters in the names of the planets. (Children write and read)
VEN…RA
UP…TER
MA…S
…LUTON
NEPT…N
When almost all the children cope with the task, the phonogram of calm music turns on.
Physical education:
What wonderful music sounds, it is calm, slow, quiet. I just want to soar above the Earth, fly in outer space. In space, weightlessness and all movements are smooth and slow. Let's imagine that we are in outer space. (To slow music, children imitate the movements of astronauts in weightlessness).
Educator: - The sixth planet is Saturn.(An image of the planet Saturn is projected)
A poem about this planet was prepared for us by ...
"Saturn"
Every planet has something different
What makes her stand out the most.
You will definitely recognize Saturn by sight
It is surrounded by a large ring.
It is not continuous, from different bands.
Here is how the scientists solved the problem:
Once upon a time, the water froze there,
And Saturn's rings of snow and ice.(Rimma Aldonina)
Educator: Neptune and Uranus are also giant planets, but not gas ones, but ice ones. About the planet Uranus will tell ...(The planet Uranus is projected)
Uranus is a mysterious planet, the seventh in a row, which, for unknown reasons, lies on its side and rotates in a completely different way than other planets. Uranus has an unusual blue color and looks like a round ball with a flat surface.
And about the planet Neptune will tell ...(The planet Neptune is projected)
Neptune is an icy, very cold planet, the eighth in a row, is very far from the Sun, so the sun's rays almost do not reach the surface of this blue planet. The strongest winds blow on Neptune, and therefore the weather on it is not just winter, but by cosmic standards, it is completely cold, so that everything on it, even gas, turns into ice.
Yes, it is very cold here, much colder than at the South Pole, because the planet Neptune gets the least amount of sunlight. Are you cold? Show how cold you are. Let's "run" to the rocket before we get cold. But you need to “run” by numbers, in order from 1 to 10.(On the sheet, children connect the numbers from 1 to 10 with a line)
Talking about Pluto...
Once this planet was the ninth in a row and was part of the solar system, but it turned out that it was too small for the title of a planet and is now called a dwarf planet and is not allowed to adult planets.(Maybe Pluto is still quite a baby and he just needs to grow up).
Educator: So our virtual journey has ended, it's time to return to our planet Earth.
And in conclusion, we will tell a poem about the solar system:
"Solar system"
The planets dance around the Sun like children.
Mercury starts the whole round dance.
We meet the Earth next to the Moon,
And the fiery Mars that circles the Earth.
Behind them is Jupiter, the giant of all.
The last three are barely distinguishable.
Small and cold, but we distinguish them:
Uranus, Neptune and baby Pluto.(An image of the solar system is projected)
Educator: Did you enjoy our virtual tour? What did you like the most? Which planet do you remember? Why? Would you like to become astronauts? What is interesting in this profession?
Thanks for taking the flight.
CROSSWORD "Solar system".
- The planet of the solar system, which in ancient times was called the "planet of war" for its red color.
- The furthest planet from the Sun and the smallest planet in the solar system.
- Earth satellite.
- The second planet from the Sun in the solar system, a neighbor of the Earth.
- Why is the planet Saturn famous?
- The largest planet in the solar system.
"Find the Martians Who Hid"
For cognitive development
Synopsis of GCD “Journey to the planetarium. Solar system"
Sent by: Elena Sokolova
Equipment: slide projector, medals of the planets, various cereals for composing the solar system, yellow circles, cards with missing letters in the names of the planets.
Target: introduce children to the structure of the solar system.
Tasks: to acquaint children with the Sun and its significance, influence on the climate; promote the development of cognitive activity of children.
Develop imaginative thinking, creative imagination, coherent speech.
Lesson progress
1. Educator: Guys, today we will make an excursion to an unusual place. In order to find out where, you must solve the riddle (2 slide "Mystery")
(A riddle about space is being guessed. The answer “space” appears on the screen. Slide 3 “Space”)
2. - Guys, there are no such devices so that we can go on an excursion into space. But we can go with you to the planetarium. Guys, what do you think, what is a planetarium and what can be seen there? (children's answers. 4-5 slides "Planetarium")
Question: Why does the planetarium building have a hemisphere roof? (children's answers)
Educator: The planetarium is a building with a domed roof. The starry sky is projected onto the dome with the help of the apparatus. This allows us to consider the planets and stars, to study them.
And here we are in the planetarium. We look at the dome - this is the universe, the starry sky. (6 slide "Starry sky")
Educator: Guys, what surrounds us in outer space? (stars, planets, sun, satellites, meteorites, comets) (7 slide)
3. Educator: What do you think the planets look like from Earth? (small, large, we don’t see ....)
Let's do an experiment to answer this question.
Take all circles.
Put it in front of your eyes. What do we see? (nothing)
Start slowly moving it away from your eyes.
What happens to the circle? (He seems smaller from a distance)
Conclusion: The circle seems smaller when it is moved away from the eyes, and when it is brought closer to the eyes, it seems to increase.
4. - All items appear smaller when removed. The sun is very big, but it looks small because the sun is far away. The stars are very large, many of them are larger than the Sun, but they seem small because they are far away. (8 slide)
The starry sky is so huge that we won't be able to explore it in just one trip to the planetarium. Today we will talk only about the solar system. And what is it, we will now try to understand.
5. - And what is the solar system?
Children: This is the sun, around which nine planets revolve, many small planets - asteroids and comets. (9 slide "Solar system")
The sun is the most familiar astronomical object to all people. This is our star that gives us life. Because of it, during the day all other space objects become invisible. The sun gives off light and heat until it sets below the horizon. And only then the sky becomes dark enough to see the rest of the stars. The sun is the same star as all other stars, it's just closer to us. (10 slide "Sun")
The planet we live on is called "Earth" and it is friends with the sun. What does the sun give to our planet? (heat and light) (11 Slide "Earth")
6. - We cannot live without the sun, so people have shown respect for the sun for a long time. They composed proverbs and sayings about the sun, poems. (12 - 13 slides "Proverbs and sayings")
- The red sun on the white light warms the black earth.
- What is gold to me, the sun would shine!
(ask how the children understood the meaning of the saying)
The poem is read by a child:
Sun
The cloud hides behind the forest,
The sun is watching from heaven.
And so pure
Good, radiant.
If we got him
We would kiss him.
7. Educator: But the Earth is not the only planet in space that is "friends" with the Sun. Earth is one of the planets of the large solar family. What planets do you know? (Slide 14 "Solar system")
Slide 15 "Planets"
Which planet is the largest? (Jupiter)
Which planet is the hottest? (Venus)
Which star gives us warmth? (The sun)
Which planet "rolls" like a ball on a saucer? (Uranus)
Which planet from the Sun is our planet - Earth? (Third)
Educator: Please note that the sizes of the planets are different, but they are all much smaller than the sun.
8. PHYSMINUTE (music sounds, children stand on rugs).
Over the Earth late at night, Just stretch out your hand, (hands stretched up)
You'll grab onto the stars (Hands up, to the sides down)
They seem to be close (clench hands into fists)
You can take a peacock feather, (Hands in front of eyes)
Touch the hands on the clock (Hands in front of eyes)
Ride a Dolphin (legs together, arms up, sway)
Ride on the Scales.
Over the Earth late at night, (tilt down, hands wave tick-tock)
If you look into the sky, (squat hands forward)
You will see, like clusters, (Feet shoulder-width apart, arms sway to the sides)
There are constellations (Hands down, raise your head up, stretched up, hands up. We take the constellations with our hands)
9. Educator: To represent the dimensions of the solar system, we compose the solar system:
Take a sheet of paper with the image of the solar system, a cup with objects that will replace planets for us.
The sun is a ball (10 cm), then
- Mercury - millet
- Venus - rice
- Earth - rice
- Mars - peas
- Jupiter - shell
- Saturn - shell
- Uranus - beans
- Neptune - beans
- Pluto - peas
The remaining bodies of the solar system cannot be depicted, since they are negligible. (Slides 16-18 "Planets")
Name the giant planets? (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)
Name the terrestrial planets? (Venus, Earth, Mars)
Name the smallest planet? (Mercury)
Now we can imagine the planets of the solar system.
Orbits of different planets are depicted on the floor. Children are given paper medals with the image of the planets (the colors of the planets and their orbits must match) In the center of the circles stands a child representing the Sun. Invite the other child planets to take their places in the orbits. If there are difficulties, once again return to the slide. Then the children are invited to disperse in different directions and, at the command "Planets - in places!", Build a model of the solar system. Which of the planets will take its place faster? Then each planet must make a circle around the Sun. At the same time, draw the attention of children: the closer the planet is to the Sun, the faster it will pass in a circle. Earth travels its entire path around the sun in a year (from one New Year to another). To demonstrate this clearly, take a large calendar and, as you move around the circle of the child-Earth, turn over its pages, naming the months. Thus, the child will begin to move in January, and will return to his place in December.
11. - To explore the universe, we have to go to space more than once, so we have to fill the spacecraft with fuel. To do this, we need to complete the task.
You need to enter the missing letters in the names of the planets.
(children enter.)
12. (Slides) All the planets in order
Children: Call any of us:
Once - Mercury,
Two - Venus,
Three - Earth,
Four is Mars.
Five - Jupiter,
Six - Saturn,
Seven - Uranus,
Behind him is Neptune.
He is eighth in a row.
And after him already, then,
And the ninth planet
called Pluto.
13. Educator. Outcome: guys, our first trip into space has come to an end, today we learned a lot, saw a lot. Tell me what we learned (what is a planetarium, solar system, orbit, planets). And how much more interesting and unknown awaits us ahead.
Informational resources:
http://nsportal.ru/detskii-sad/okruzhayushchii-mir/proekt-kakie-tainy-khranit-kosmos
http://nsportal.ru/detskii-sad/okruzhayushchii-mir/puteshestvie-v-kosmos-1
Synopsis of directly educational activities with preschoolers of the preparatory group
Theme: planets of the solar system
Integration of educational areas: "Cognition", "Socialization", "Communication"
Tasks:
- expand children's understanding of space, planets (cognition);
- to form the skills of cooperation, mutual understanding, goodwill, independence, individuality (communication);
- encourage children to join in a game situation with adults (socialization)
Methods and techniques:
- practical (experiments, observation)
- visual (showing presentations, solar system)
- verbal (questions, explanations)
Materials and equipment: globe, illustrations on the theme "Space", multimedia installation, computer, plasticine, model of the solar system.
Lesson progress
Children play, the teacher enters, and in his hand is a magic box, in this box there is a globe.
Educator: Guys, look what I brought you, what do you think is in the box? Children offer options.
Educator: Oh, let's see what is there!? What is it?!
Children offer options (globe, ball, earth)
Educator: this is a model of the earth - a globe. Do you know that we live on one of the planets called Earth, but do you want to know what planets exist in space?
The teacher offers to sit down at the chairs and turns on the presentation.
All outer space is infinite. There are many different galaxies there. Our galaxy is called the Milky Way and it looks like this. (slide show)
Educator:
At the center of our galaxy is the solar system (slide show)
Teacher: The biggest star is the sun. (Slide show) 9 planets revolve around the sun.
Now consider the sun. What gives us the sun?
Children: warmth, light.
Educator: The sun radiates light and heat like a light bulb.
(The teacher turns on the lamp - “The Sun”, asks the children to take turns bringing their hand closer and removing it.)
– What can you say about it?
Children's answers
The teacher will consider all the planets in order.
(Slide show.)
The first planet, the smallest in the entire solar system. This is Mercury, it is located closest to the sun, which means it is the hottest and hottest.
The second planet, completely covered with clouds, is Venus. She is also very hot.
What do you think this planet is? Children's answers (earth)
The next planet looks red and is visible in the sky as a reddish star. Previously, people thought that there were living beings on this planet, but they were wrong. This is the planet Mars.
The fifth largest planet is Jupiter. It consists of liquid and gas.
On the next planet, the rings that surround it are visible. This is Saturn. Rings are icy particles of dust and gases.
And these are the most distant planets from the Sun, which means that they are very cold. People know very little about these planets. Uranus is the seventh from the Sun and the coldest planet. This is the first planet to be found with a telescope, as well as the only planet in the solar system that wraps around the Sun, "lying on its side."
Neptune is the eighth and most distant planet from the center of the solar system. Neptune is dark blue because it is surrounded by a gas - methane. And white clouds float above the planet, and the most distant Pluto. Pluto is not a full-fledged planet, but belongs to the group of dwarf planets. There is practically no sunlight there, so it is very cold on Pluto.
Now we have considered the structure of the solar system. Think and say what is the solar system
Children's answers.
Educator: The solar system is our home, in which the planets are located.
Let's play the solar system, repeat with me ...
The teacher takes hats made in the form of planets and distributes them to the children.
All the planets in order
Call any of us:
Once - Mercury, puts on a hat.
Two - Venus, puts on a hat.
Three - Earth, puts on a hat.
Four - Mars, puts on a hat.
Five - Jupiter, wears a hat.
Six - Saturn, puts on a hat.
Seven-Uranus, puts on a hat. Behind him - Neptune, puts on a hat.
He is eighth in a row.
And after him already, then,
And the ninth planet
Under the name Pluto puts on a hat.
Educator I will be the Sun and you will be the planets, respectively. Let's build the solar system at one, two, three. These lines will be your orbits on which you will move, if you do not follow these lines, you can collide with each other. Begin! children take their places to the music.
Well, here we have played, and now we will fix the idea of the solar system. See what disk I have. What does he look like? The kids are in charge
Educator: To the solar system, I was the sun. I'll take the ball, put a flag on top and I'll put it ... Where should I put it? To the center ... And now you yourself ... Children arrange the planets.
Educator: What is the name of a person flying into space?
Children: Cosmonaut
Educator: Okay, but in April, what will be the holiday?
April 12 is Cosmonautics Day. For the first time in the world, cosmonaut Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin successfully flew around the Earth on the Vostok spacecraft (portrait display). We will consider more about Cosmonautics Day next week, but for now you can ask moms, dads, look in books about this holiday.
Target: formation of interest in the study of space
Tasks:
Educational:
Continue to enrich knowledge and expand children's ideas about space, about the planets;
Developing:
Develop creative thinking, imagination, cognitive activity
Educational:
Arouse the desire in children to explore and explore space;
Raise interest, desire to learn more about space;
To form the skills of correct behavior in the classroom; ability to work in a team;
To cultivate curiosity, creative activity, attention, a sense of emotional satisfaction, independence.
Material: Diagram of the solar system, a screen with a projector or a laptop, a large sheet of whatman paper, white sheets of paper, felt-tip pens, wax crayons, scissors
Children go about their business (playing board games, drawing…). The teacher brings in a poster depicting the planets of the solar system.
Educator: Guys, look what poster I brought for you. What do you see on this poster?
Children: Planets.
Educator: What planet do we live on?
Children: Planet Earth.
Educator: What other planets do you know?
Children's answers.
Educator: Well done, they named all the planets of the solar system (if not all were named, then the educator supplements).
Guys, do you think there is life on other planets? Do you want to know? To answer this question, you need to go into space. Are you ready to go on a trip? Then we need to get ready.
What do you need to fly?
Children's answers (rocket, spacesuits, map of the solar system, food)
Children arrange chairs, take their places.
In front of the children is a map of the solar system (slide 2).
Educator: Before setting off on a journey, let's remember what conditions are necessary for life on earth.
Children: Light, heat, water, oxygen.
Educator: Our spaceship is called Vostok. I take command of the ship. You are just astronauts. Attention! Five-minute readiness announced! Put on your spacesuits, checked your helmets! Straps fastened. We start counting. Five, four, three, two, one. Start! (The sound background of the operation of engines sounds)
The first stage of our flight has been completed. We have left the Earth and are flying into space! You can relax and unfasten the belts, take off the helmets. Look out the window! What outer space is before us! (Slide 3 starry sky)
We are flying to the planet Mercury, which is closest to the Sun.
Attention! Our ship is approaching the planet Mercury. (Slide 4)
Ship Commander: What do you guys think, is it possible to land on a planet without knowing anything about it. Let's query our computer for this planet's data.
A computer: Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. She is bigger than the moon. During the day it is very hot, at night it is very cold. There is no atmosphere on this planet, which means there is nothing to breathe. The surface of this planet is covered with craters. (slide 4). No man has set foot on the planet Mercury.
Commander: Do you think there is life on this planet? Why?
We are heading for the next planet - Venus. Ancient astronomers, observing the morning and evening dawn, noticed the brightest star. In honor of the goddess of beauty and love, they named this star Venus. Later it turned out that Venus is not a star, but a planet.
A computer: Attention! We are approaching the planet Venus. (Slide 5)
Ship Commander: On Venus, probably, a strong thunderstorm: flashes of lightning are visible. This means that we cannot descend to Venus, our ship may crash. What will the computer tell us about this inhospitable planet?
A computer: Venus is closer to the Sun than the Earth, and therefore there is a terrible heat on its surface, about 500 degrees. The relief of Venus consists of vast plains, crossed by mountain ranges and hills, and on the mountain peaks there are traces of lava. Venus is surrounded by a thick layer of clouds and a very dense atmosphere, in which the content of carbon dioxide is several times higher than its content in the earth's atmosphere. Methane, ammonia, chlorine and fluorine compounds, and sulfuric acid, dangerous to humans, have also been found in the atmosphere of Venus. Anxiety! The air is poisonous, it is dangerous to breathe it! Don't get down! Don't get down!
Commander: Yes, it is better to say goodbye to the planet of storms and thunderstorms as soon as possible. Where will we fly next? We send our ship to Mars!
Even in ancient times, people noticed a bright orange star in the sky. And they named it in honor of the god of war - Mars. On Mars, as on Earth, one can observe such a phenomenon as the change of seasons, and the Martian day is not much different from the earth's: it lasts 24 hours and 37 minutes. And here is the planet Mars in front of us (slide 6)
Let's query the computer for this planet's data.
A computer: Mars is a planet half the size of Earth. Martian soil is red-brown in color. The sky is not blue, but a dull pink due to reddish dust particles that are constantly in the atmosphere of Mars. Oxygen and water vapor in its atmosphere is only 1%, and the average temperature is about -40 degrees. The strongest winds often blow over Mars - their speed is up to 100 m / s.
Commander: From the information of the computer, we learned that it is possible to walk on the planet Mars, but only by putting on spacesuits and turning on the heater. Check your helmets. When leaving the ship, do not go far so that everyone has enough air. Look how huge the mountains are, they have snow and ice (slide 7). But the ice is not like our earth. This is dry ice. When carbon dioxide freezes, dry ice forms. We use such ice, for example, in refrigerators. And there is a gorge over the abyss, and then deserts. We will not go there, it is not known what awaits us there. Can you tell me how to grow a plant?
We don't have a lot of oxygen we breathe, so it's time for us to get back to the ship. In the ship you can take off space suits, helmets. Take your seats. Get ready for takeoff. Let's start the countdown: five, four, three, two, one, start!
The next planet is Jupiter. In the meantime, we are flying to him, we will listen to the computer about the planet Jupiter (slide 8).
A computer: Jupiter is a giant planet, it is 1300 times larger than the Earth. Landing on this planet is impossible. The giant planet does not have a solid surface, as on Earth, the Moon or Mars. Jupiter consists of a small, solid core surrounded by dense layers of liquid and gas.
Well, we have food, air, and we can fly further to Saturn. (slide 9).
If you look at Saturn from Earth through a telescope, you can see glowing rings around it. Thanks to the mysterious bright rings, Saturn is considered the most beautiful and unusual planet. Numerous rings of Saturn are made up of countless glacial and rocky debris, the largest of them reaching the size of a six-story building. Saturn itself is a gas planet, the lightest in the solar system. Saturn has moons. There are twenty two of them. Soon we will approach the planet. But what is it? Danger alert! Look at us meteorites are flying (slide 10). So we got into the orbit of Saturn with its satellites. We must change course immediately. Saturn does not let us close to its surface.
Interestingly, it turns out that this planet is considered the coldest in the entire solar system. Uranus is the seventh planet in order from the Sun. Unlike other planets in the solar system, Uranus releases much less heat than it receives from the Sun. For example, other planets have incandescent, hot cores inside and emit infrared radiation. Apparently, some reasons made his “heart” cool down. Uranus - an interesting planet Uranus - the summer period lasts 1 very long day for 42 years! And the period of revolution around the Sun is 84 years, and on Earth, respectively, 365 days. That's where you have to wait a long time for the New Year! Daylight hours last 17 hours, faster than ours. Officially recorded 15 satellites. Another interesting fact is that Uranus has rings just like Saturn, only they are smaller and not as dense. It is curious, but although it is far from us, but after the opening of the first telescope, it was discovered first!
We are heading for the last planet in the solar system. It's called Neptune. Did you know that this planet was discovered by the French astronomer Urbain Le Verrier, not by observing the sky, but by mathematical calculations. And only then was it discovered in the sky. That's Neptune! (slide)
Even from afar it seems cold.
A computer: On Neptune, the temperature is minus 195 degrees!
Commander: In such a frost, even special space suits will not save us! Do you guys think anything can grow there?
We are returning to Earth. So what conclusion have we come to? Why didn't we stay on any planet? (None of them have conditions for life) Why did we return to Earth? (On Earth there are all conditions for the life of living organisms, including plants)
We circled the entire solar system and found no life anywhere. Only on our planet is clean air, green trees grow, birds sing. And we must not only love our planet, but also take care of it. How can we take care of you? (do not break trees, do not kill insects, do not destroy bird nests, etc.) If we do not do this, then our Earth will become as dead and inhospitable as other planets in the solar system.
And now I suggest that you team up in pairs and draw and cut out the planet that you remember the most. At the end of the work, we will create a map of the solar system, which will hang in our group.
Independent activity of children.
At the end of the work, together with the teacher, the children create a map of the solar system.
Educator: Did you enjoy today's trip? What do you remember? What planet can we live on? Why?
List of used literature:
- Big encyclopedia of a preschooler.
- Almanac "I want to know everything."