The adjective is a variable part of speech and has constant and unstable morphological properties. Parsing an adjective as a part of speech presupposes a complete grammatical description of this word form. A detailed morphological analysis of the adjective, an example of which is presented on our website, will help improve your analysis skills.
General scheme for parsing an adjective
The plan for morphological analysis of the adjective is as follows:
- General grammatical meaning - denotes a feature of an object;
- Answers the question - which one? whose? (set taking into account the required gender, number and case);
- Initial form – infinitive, im.p., singular, m.r. (Which?);
- Constant morphological properties - category by meaning: qualitative, relative or possessive;
- Variable features - degree of comparison (zero, comparative or superlative), full or short form (determined only for qualitative adjectives), case, number and gender (for singular forms);
- Role in a sentence - adjectives adjacent to nouns are modifiers, and in short form they are predicates. It can also act as a nominal part of a compound predicate. The syntactic role must be shown graphically - using a wavy line or double underlining.
You should remember the sequence, as well as the features of the morphological characteristics of the adjective.
Important! When performing the analysis, it is necessary to take into account that for qualitative adjectives that do not have other forms, the degree of comparison and the full form will be constant features. For example: pale green. For others, these signs are considered fickle - beautiful / more beautiful / most beautiful; beautiful/beautiful.
Our website provides a sample morphological analysis of an adjective that will help students correctly perform written analysis.
The neighbors were happy to cater to his slightest whims.
- The smallest - (what?) - adjective;
- Head.f. - the smallest;
- Post.pr. - quality;
- Non-post.pr. - simple excellent degree; in D.p., plural;
- In a sentence it is a definition and is underlined by a wavy line. To the slightest whims (what?).
To help schoolchildren, as well as to prepare for the Unified State Exam and the Unified State Exam, online morphological analysis of adjectives will be useful. To get a complete analysis of a word as a part of speech, just enter the words in a separate column.
Parsing order:
1.Part of speech, general meaning, question
2. Initial form (singular, gender, nominal case)
3. Morphological characteristics: constant (category - qualitative, relative or possessive); inconsistent (only for high-quality ones - full or short form, degree of comparison; for all - gender (singular), number, case)
4.What is in the sentence.
She was the most beautiful girl in the camp.
- The most beautiful (which one?) - adjective name, denotes a characteristic of an object;
- N.f. - handsome;
- Permanent signs: qualitative; non-post. signs: in full form, in superlative degree, in female form, in singular, in etc.;
- In a sentence it is a definition.
It was a wooden box.
1.Wooden (which one?) - adjective name, denotes a feature of an object;
2.N.f. - wood;
3.Post.signs: relative; non-constant signs: in g.r., in singular, in I.p.
Dad's jacket fit me well.
Papin (whose?) - adjective name, denotes a characteristic of an object;
2.N.f. - daddy;
3. Post.signs: possessive; non-constant signs: in m.r., in singular, in I.p.
4. In a sentence it is a definition.
Adjective parsing plan
| I | Part of speech, general grammatical meaning and question. | ||
| II | Initial form (masculine, singular, nominative case). Morphological characteristics: | ||
| A | Constant morphological characteristics: rank by meaning (qualitative, relative, possessive). | ||
| B | Variable morphological characteristics: | ||
| 1 | only for qualitative adjectives: | ||
| a) degree of comparison (positive, comparative, superlative); b) full or short form; |
|||
| 2 | number, gender (singular), case. | ||
| III | Role in sentence(which part of the sentence is the adjective in this sentence). | ||
Examples of parsing adjectives
After swimming we lay on the sand hot from the southern sun(Nagibin).
(On the) hot (sand)
- Adjective; denotes an attribute of an object, answers a question (on the sand) which one?
- N. f. - hot.
hotter) and short form ( hot);
B) Variable morphological features: used in the positive degree, in the full form, in the singular, masculine gender, prepositional case.
(From) southern (sun)
- Adjective; denotes a sign of an object, answers a question (from the sun) which one?
- N. f. - southern.
A) Constant morphological features: relative adjective;
B) Variable morphological features: used in the singular, neuter gender, genitive case. - In a sentence it serves as a definition.
Bulgaria is a good country, but Russia is the best(Isakovsky).
good
- Adjective; denotes a feature of an object, answers a question (country) what?
- N. f. - good.
A) Constant morphological features: qualitative adjective; there are degrees of comparison ( better) and short form ( good);
B) Variable morphological features: used in the positive degree, in a short form, in the singular, feminine gender.
better
- Adjective; denotes a feature of an object, answers a question (Russia) what?
- N. f. - good.
A) Constant morphological features: qualitative adjective; quality adjective; there are degrees of comparison ( better), short form ( good);
B) Variable morphological characteristics: used in a comparative degree (simple form). - In a sentence it serves as the nominal part of the predicate.
Without responding to his sister’s words, Nikifor shrugged and shrugged his shoulders(Melnikov-Pechersky).
(on the) sisters (words)
- Adjective; denotes a feature of an object, answers a question (in words) whose?
- N. f. - sisters.
A) Constant morphological features: possessive adjective;
B) Variable morphological features: used in the plural, accusative case. - In a sentence it serves as a definition.
Exercise for the topic “3.3.4. Morphological analysis of adjectives"
- 3.3.1. The concept of an adjective. Morphological features of adjectives. Classes of adjectives
Morphological analysis of the adjective is carried out according to the following scheme:
1. Adjective. Initial form.
2. Morphological features:
a) constant:
Rank by value
Degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this feature is constant),
Full/short form (for quality ones, for which this sign is constant);
b) non-permanent:
Degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this sign is not constant),
Full/short form (for quality ones, for which this sign is not constant),
Genus (singular number),
Case (for complete ones).
3. Syntactic role in the sentence.
TO commentary to parsing.
The adjective is written out from the text in the form in which it appears. If an adjective modifies a noun with a preposition (in big house), it would be a mistake to write out the adjective together with the preposition, since the preposition is a component of the prepositional case form of the noun and does not refer to the adjective.
It must be remembered that an adjective can have a compound form (for example, taller, least comfortable). In this case, all components of the form are written out.
The initial form of the adjective is the masculine singular form for adjectives that have a full form, and the masculine singular form for adjectives that have only a short form.
The constant features of an adjective are its belonging to a certain category in meaning (qualitative, relative or possessive) and its declension. The definition of adjective declension is not accepted in school grammar. The definition of rank by meaning is made for the meaning in which the adjective is used in the text.
Some qualitative adjectives, as already mentioned, do not have degrees of comparison and/or a short form. In this case, completeness/brevity should be placed in permanent attributes.
A positive degree of comparison can also be a constant feature (that is, a qualitative adjective may not change in degrees of comparison, for example the word special), however, in the textbooks of all three complexes, degrees of comparison of adjectives are indicated only if the adjective is in the comparative or superlative degree, and no indication of the positive degree of comparison is made. This approach has the disadvantage that it does not allow an adjective in the positive degree of comparison to indicate whether this form is a constant or inconstant feature.
The invariability of indeclinable adjectives is their constant feature. Invariable adjectives have no inconstant features.
The inconstant features of an adjective are number, gender (singular), and case. For most qualitative adjectives, non-constant features are also completeness/brevity and degrees of comparison.
It must be remembered that only complete adjectives have a case marker.
If the adjective is in the form of a simple comparative degree, then it is not characterized in terms of completeness / brevity and does not have signs of gender, number and case.
When analyzing, we must not forget that the object of the morphological description is the word in its specific meaning. Different meanings of one word (its lexico-grammatical variants) may have different morphological features. In an adjective, this difference can manifest itself primarily in relation to the signs of completeness/brevity and degrees of comparison. So, adjective alive as an antonym for the word dead changes in completeness/brevity, but does not change in degrees of comparison, that is, it has a constant sign of a positive degree of comparison, alive in the meaning of “movable,” on the contrary, it does not have a short form, but varies according to degrees of comparison.
The word is subject to morphological analysis in the meaning in which it is used in the text.
ABOUT good man morphological analysis of the adjective.
And indeed, she was beautiful: tall, thin, eyes black, like those of a mountain chamois, and looked into your soul(M. Yu. Lermontov).
good good (in this meaning);
constant signs: qualitative, brief;
inconsistent signs: positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus;
High- adjective, initial form - high;
inconsistent signs: complete, positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus, I. p.;
syntactic role: part of the predicate.
Thin- adjective, initial form - thin;
constant signs: high quality, complete;
inconsistent signs: positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus, I. p.;
syntactic role: part of the predicate.
Black- adjective, initial form - black;
constant signs: quality;
inconsistent features: complete, positive degree of comparison, plural. number, I. p.;
syntactic role: part of the predicate.
Mountain- adjective, initial form - mountain;
constant signs: relative;
inconsistent signs: units. number, female Rod, R. p.;
syntactic role: part of the adverbial.
In this article I will tell you how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. The Russian language is complex, but with enough diligence and interest you can understand its rules regarding vocabulary, grammar and syntax. Schoolchildren and students are often required to know morphology and be able to do things in accordance with its requirements. Tasks where you need to morphologically parse a word are designated in textbooks with the number 3: “Diana put on a beautiful” coat.
The order and sample of parsing an adjectiveWhat is morphological analysis of an adjective as a part of speech
By performing a morphological analysis of a word expressed by an adjective, we establish all its meanings: lexical, grammatical, etc. By analyzing a word, we determine what features (constant and non-constant) the adjective has, and what role it plays in the syntax of the sentence. To do this, there is a certain plan of action, following which it is possible to easily perform a morphological analysis of the adjective:
- establish which part of speech the word given in the task belongs to - if it involves answers to the questions “Which?”, “Whose?”, “Which?”, then it is an adjective, also note that it serves to designate a characteristic of an object;
Questions for an adjective - establish the initial form of the word - put the word in question in the masculine gender, nominative case and singular, and determine the morphological features:
Permanent:
- category of these parts of speech according to lexical and grammatical meaning – possessive, relative, qualitative;
Adjective categories Form – short or full (for adjectives from the category of qualitative, having only a full or only a short form).
Full and short form of adjectives Non-permanent:
- For qualitative adjectives, determine their degree of comparison - from positive to comparative and superlative;
Degrees of comparison of adjectives - establish gender, number and case - signs that are considered unstable, since they depend on the noun, which is defined by the adjective;
- determine the role of the adjective in the sentence (which part of the sentence it is). Most often, an adjective acts as a nominal part of a compound nominal predicate or an agreed definition of a noun.
Examples of parsing an adjective as a part of speech
Let's analyze the adjective according to the above scheme. Let's say the task contains a sentence “Diana put on a beautiful coat”, and we need to parse the adjective “beautiful”. First of all, we select from the sentence the “adjective - noun” link, in our case it is “a beautiful coat”. Following the above algorithm, we perform the following actions:
- we establish to which part of speech the word in question belongs - “coat (what?) beautiful”, since “beautiful” answers the question “what?”, then this is an adjective that serves to designate the attribute of the noun “coat”;
- we establish the initial form of the word - we put the word “beautiful” in the nominative case, masculine and singular, we get the word “beautiful”, and determine the morphological characteristics:
- permanent:
- the lexical and grammatical category of the word “beautiful” is a qualitative adjective, since it denotes a characteristic of an object (in our case, a coat);
- form – complete;
- fickle:
- we determine the degree of comparison of the adjective - the word “beautiful” has a positive degree of comparison (comparative - more beautiful, superlative - the most beautiful);
- we establish the gender - since the adjective serves to define the noun, we carefully study the latter. The word “coat” is neuter, which means the adjective “beautiful” is also neuter;
- a similar method is applied to establishing the number - “coat” is singular, which means the adjective “beautiful” is also singular;
- the case “coat” is accusative, respectively, and “beautiful” is also used in the accusative case;
- permanent:
- We determine the role of the adjective “beautiful” in a sentence - it is a predicate, expressed by an agreed definition of the subject “coat”.
This was an example of oral reasoning; in writing, the morphological analysis of the adjective as a part of speech looks more condensed.
Example 2. Analyzing the proposal for the Czech Republic
Suggestion given: “Diana put on a beautiful coat.” Let's write down the analysis of the adjective:
Beautiful coat.
- The coat (what?) is beautiful. Beautiful – adj.
- N. f. - Beautiful.
- Wed. R.
- Unit h.
- V. p.
- Definition: beautiful.
In order for the morphological analysis of an adjective as a part of speech to be easy for you in the future, be sure to memorize the algorithm of actions and constantly practice. Gradually, the number of errors will be minimized and all actions will be brought to almost automaticity. Say everything you do out loud, this way you will find mistakes faster, and the material will be remembered much easier.