There were two Yekaterinoslavs. Yekaterinoslav: the modern name of the city Where is Yekaterinoslav

Yekaterinoslav, whose modern name is Dnepropetrovsk, was founded on May 22, 1787. today known for the longest embankment in all of Europe and the longest bridge in Ukraine. The name Yekaterinoslav was given to the settlement in honor of Empress Catherine II, she was also its founder. The settlement bore this name for the first nine years since its existence (1787-1796). And then two more times the city was called by the same name. This happened during 1802-1918 and 1919-1926.

On the left coast

Historical information speaks of the existence of two dates with which the birth of Yekaterinoslav is associated.

It is proved that the city of Yekaterinoslav was founded for the first time on the left bank of the mighty Dnieper. It happened on a river called Kilchen, just in the place where it merges with Samara. From here came the name Ekaterinoslav-Kilchensky. In this area, it was planned to build not just an ordinary city, but a real fortress, which would be surrounded by swamps and forests. It was supposed to become practically inaccessible to enemies. But later it turned out that it turned out to be just as practically unsuitable for habitation.

Thus, on April 16, 1776, a decree was announced, according to which, eight miles from the left bank of the Dnieper, the construction of Yekaterinoslav was to begin. Governor V. Chertkov personally took care of the site for construction work. The construction project was led by N. Alekseev. According to his developments, Ekaterinoslav (modern name - Dnepropetrovsk) was supposed to consist of nine parishes. Each of them had its own area. Scientists suggest that it was intended for the market or the church. Most of the buildings were to be built of wood. The future city was surrounded by deep waters.

The city it was

By the summer of 1778, more than 50 buildings had been built. These included: the office, the house of the provincial prosecutor, the barracks, the church and the house of the governor. There was also a pharmacy, a prison and a house of boundary officers. Housing for clergymen, merchants and townspeople was also fully suitable for living. As early as 1781, Yekaterinoslav had a post office, several churches, a bathhouse, an infirmary, schools, a court, and a brick factory. At this stage, the fortress city could boast of having almost 200 courtyards. The decree announced the almost complete completion of the construction of the settlement.

But a little time passed, and the city of Yekaterinoslav was overtaken by trouble - an epidemic of marsh malaria began. The doctor, who arrived from St. Petersburg itself, conducted a meticulous and lengthy study. In the end, he stated that Yekaterinoslav-Kilchensky is an area absolutely unsuitable for human settlement. The authorities decided to close the settlement, and move the city to the right bank of the Dnieper.

So, Yekaterinoslav (the modern name is indicated above) lasted only eight years. After that, his status was lowered to that of the county and given the name Novomoskovsk. But by 1794, the new settlement fell into complete decline. He was transferred to the village of Novoselitsa, which was located higher up in Samara. Here and today there is a city that is called Novomoskovsk.

On the right bank

On the right bank of the Dnieper, Aleksandrovich personally engaged in choosing a place for the new Yekaterinoslav. Many well-known then engineers and architects helped him in this. According to the new plan, it was assumed that the center of the settlement would be located on Cathedral Hill. At that time, there was nothing on it, only grass grew. There were no swamps in this area. There was a wonderful climate and an even better view of the steppes and the Dnieper. In a word, it was the absolute opposite of the places on which Yekaterinoslav Kilchensky was founded.

Potemkin conceived a colossal project for the construction of a settlement. Dnepropetrovsk (Ekaterinoslav) was to become the center of cultural and economic life in the southern part of Russia. It was supposed to become the center of Novorossiya.

Catherine's visit

Potemkin invited Empress Catherine II, to whose glory he wanted to dedicate the future city, to visit the Crimea and Novorossia. He wanted the queen to get acquainted with this unsurpassed area. Catherine agreed, and on May 9, 1787, on Cathedral Hill, she laid and cemented the first stone of the future Transfiguration Cathedral.

But this temple was not lucky enough to become a full-fledged church. As soon as the foundation was poured, Potemkin stopped further construction work. The foundation of Preobrazhensky was conceived solely in order to hint to other states on the military and economic power of the Russian Empire. According to one version, it was 1787 that became the date when Ekaterinoslav was founded, the modern name of which can be found in our article.

Pavel and Alexander I

In 1796, Catherine II died. The power was inherited by her son Pavel. He also renamed Yekaterinoslav to Novorossiysk, lowered his provincial status to that of a county and generally forgot about the existence of the settlement as such. As a result, the population began to leave the boundaries of this settlement, just as they had fled from Yekaterinoslav-Kilchinsky at one time. But all this did not last long: when the throne came under the control of Alexander I, the city again received its legal name and the “title” of the provincial center.

Some more titles

Ekaterinoslav (the modern name of the city - Dnepropetrovsk) at one time or another historical time had other names. So, after the tsarist regime was overthrown, and a civil war raged in the yard, the city was unofficially called Sicheslav. Thus, the legendary Cossack past of this region was noted.

In 1924, when the communists came to power, they could not figure out the name of the settlement. Such options were offered as Krasnoslav, Metallurg, Leninoslav and others. At the next Congress of Soviets, it was decided to rename the city to Krasnodneprovsk, but this name was eventually rejected. In 1926, the modern metropolis was named Dnepro-Petrovsky. After the reform of the Ukrainian language, it became Dnepropetrovsk.

Yekaterinoslav Kilchensky - 1776 - 1796 Novorossiysk - 1796 - 1802 Yekaterinoslav - 1802 - 1918 Secheslav - 1918 I January 14th Yekaterinoslav - 1918 - 1926 Dnepropetrovsk - 1926 to present

Seven versions of dates s city foundations

According to all data Dnepropetrovsk - a young city. It began to acquire its modern look and status of an unofficial capital some 110 years ago, obeying the efforts of one person - Alexander Polya

Back in the middle of the 19th century, only 150 years ago, this city, as it seemed to everyone, would forever remain a deep province.

It will be a reminder of the empress's ambitious plans with a stroke of the pen, who approved on January 22, 1784 "the provincial city called Yekaterinoslav to be at the best convenience on the right side of the Dnieper near Kaydak."

But the question of when the city was founded has always remained open. The date kept moving back. If the 100th anniversary of Yekaterinoslav was celebrated in 1887, then the 200th anniversary of Dnepropetrovsk was already in 1976.

So, the versions of the time when the first settlements were founded on the territory of modern Dnepropetrovsk:

Version 1
From the founding of an Orthodox monastery by Byzantine monks on about. Monastery (approx. IX century). However, the complete absence of any remnants of such a large structure, and the very existence of an Orthodox monastery near the nomadic steppe (in the middle of the 12th century, Polovtsian nomad camps stood between the Samara and Orel rivers) is very problematic. This version is just a legend.

Version 2
The basis of the city is in the Slavic settlement of the Russians, who settled in the peninsula Igren and all the same about. Monastic in the XI-XII centuries.

Version 3
July 1635 - the foundation of the Polish fortress Kodak on the right bank of the Dnieper, near the first of the rapids - Kodatsky. Around the fortifications, a trade and craft settlement arose, but the fortress, first of all, played its role - from here the control over the "Zaporozhian liberties" was exercised. And the history of the fortress itself ended in 1709, when its fortifications were torn down by the troops of the tsarist colonel Yakovlev on the orders of Peter I.

Version 4
New Kodak, which played an important role in the management of the Zaporozhye Kodatsky palanka (whose jurisdiction included the places of our city), and after the liquidation of the Sich in 1775, New Kodak performed the functions of a provincial city (1784-1797) and was even named in papers Yekaterinoslav II. Moreover, in the description of the Ekaterinoslav vicegerency undertaken in 1784, it was directly stated: "Ekaterinoslavl is a newly established city from a place called New Kodak on the right bank against the mouth of Samara lying."

Version 5
It is associated with the Cossack settlement Polovitsa, located just in the center of the present Dnepropetrovsk. Polovitsa appears somewhere in the second half of the 18th century. In 1768, part of the Zimov Cossacks moved here, and after the defeat of the Zaporizhzhya Sich, a part of the Sich people also moved here. Ekaterinoslav was preparing to be the third southern capital of the Russian Empire, an imperial city with all its functions. But the functions imposed on the city gave rise to such a confusion in the minds that nothing worthy came of it, and, according to the correct remark of D. Yavornitsky: "... Ekaterinoslav returned to an earthen vessel or to that very primitive Floorboard on which he was founded ..."

Version 6
Date of foundation of the city - from the beginning of the construction of Yekaterinoslav on the river. Kilchen (within the boundaries of modern Novomoskovsk) 1776 (you can read about Yekaterinoslav-Kilchensky).
This date was considered official in 1970-90. The mistakes of the original project had an effect very quickly and Ekaterinoslav I disappeared from the face of the earth, leaving only the date of his existence.

Version 7
The official date of the founding of the city of Yekaterinoslav adopted in the Russian Empire is May 9 (20), 1787, during the journey of Catherine II, the Austrian Emperor Joseph II and other officials to the south. The empress chose a high, open and uninhabited hillock as the center of the city, which surprised her with a beautiful surrounding view.

Already the first project of Ekaterinoslav, executed by the capital architect Claude Hertz, approved in October 1786, although it was later rejected as inconsistent with Russian urban planning traditions, proceeded from the fact that the center should be located on a high hill, opposite about. Monastery (modern Cathedral Square). Only in the 19th century architects found the strength to abandon this tempting but impossible task.

Is it possible to consider the foundation stone of the future Transfiguration Cathedral as the date of foundation of the city? After all, for the next 80 years, Yekaterinoslav was kept from complete decline only by its status as a provincial city. So, there is no generally accepted point of view, but the city celebrates anniversaries regularly.

The first of them is associated with the 100th anniversary of Yekaterinoslav in 1887. By this date, the city has really changed. Both city parks were opened for visits, invitations were sent to officials of the Empire, and on Bogomolovsky (later - Komsomolsky and Monastyrsok) islands, festive firework rockets were even installed ...

The next anniversary, associated with the 150th anniversary of the city, fell already in Soviet times, in 1937. At the meeting on March 1, 1936, among other issues, the issue of "execution in 1937 of the 150th anniversary of the founding of Ekaterinoslav" was considered.

However, they decided not to hold "broad celebrations of the jubilee", but to link it with the celebration of the October Revolution. Therefore, it was proposed to start in 1937 the construction of the monument and "the publication of a historical and literary collection for the 150th anniversary of the city of Dnepropetrovsk."

But times have changed, a wave of repressions rolled in and the first Soviet anniversary of the city took place in conditions far from joyful.
The most magnificent was the celebration of the 200th anniversary of Dnepropetrovsk in 1976.

At the moment, in 2001, the city authorities are planning to celebrate the 225th anniversary of the city. That. the date of foundation is still considered to be 1776 - the time of the foundation of Yekaterinoslav Kilchensky.

Y. Pakhomenkov

Provincial city, on the Dnieper River. Founded in 1786, lives. was 1801 about 19 tons,

1905-157 tons. The center of the mining and metallurgical region. Mechanical factories, flour mills and sawmills with a production of 17 million. R. Educational institutions: higher. mining school, 10 secondary, 3 professional, lower 31 with 3135 students.

Urban income 952 thousand rubles, expenses 938 thousand rubles. Monument to the imp. Catherine II. County; 6611 sq. century, steppe chernozem area. Inhabitants 447 tons (Little Russians, Great Russians, German colonists and Jews). Agriculture, cattle breeding (sheep breeding) is also developed, mechanical. manager, distillation and flour milling. At sea level Nikopol.

In 1776, a new city of Yekaterinoslav appeared on the map of the Russian Empire, named after the Russian Empress - German Princess Catherine II. The city was to become not only the center of the Yekaterinoslav viceroy (1783), which included all of Novorossia, but also the third southern capital of Russia.

Empress Catherine II visited the city in 1787 and participated in the laying of the foundation of the Holy Transfiguration Cathedral. On the "Plan for the development of the city of Yekaterinoslav in 1792" architect I.E. Starov indicated the place for the monument to Catherine II and the handwritten signature of Empress Catherine II "Be on this, Catherine"

Only in 1845 the people of Yekaterinoslav were able to buy a bronze sculpture of Catherine II, ordered by the Russian merchant A.A. Goncharov for his estate near Kaluga in 1781 from the Berlin company Thomson Rovand and Co. The authors of the sculpture are the brothers Wilhelm and Friedrich Meier, the caster Neukisch and the artist Melzer. Until 1836, the statue was given to N.N. Goncharova, the wife of the poet A.S. Pushkin. In 1836, it was purchased for scrap by the steelworker Bird in St. Petersburg, but was not melted down. In 1846, a cast-iron pedestal was cast at the Berd factory according to the project of the architect Stackenschneider for the monument to Catherine in Yekaterinoslav.

The queen is depicted in a Roman military armor, with a small crown on her head, in a long wide cloak - a Roman toga, with a belt for a sword and sandals. The right bar is lowered down and points to an open book lying on a stand and a number of medals symbolizing the deeds of Catherine II. The monument was solemnly consecrated on Cathedral Square on August 26, 1846. It stood at this place until 1914. In connection with the reconstruction of Ekaterininsky Prospekt, the monument was moved to a new location nearby. Having made a pedestal in the form of a column with bronze bas-reliefs from pink Finnish granite (the author of the project is sculptor E.R. Trypolskaya - the first Ukrainian woman sculptor).

In a new place, the sculpture of Catherine II stood until 1917. During the period of the bourgeois-democratic revolution, it was overthrown by rebellious soldiers. The former director of the Yekaterinoslav Local History Museum named after A.N. He secretly at night, with the help of students of the mining school, dragged the sculpture into the museum courtyard and lowered it into a hole dug in the ground, where it lay until 1925. Then it was exhibited near the museum building.

In 1943, during the occupation of Dnepropetrovsk, among other valuables (52,000 exhibits), it was taken out by German troops. The last time she was seen on the territory of Czechoslovakia in the city of Benes (140 km near Prague) was from Dnepropetrovsk Ya.P. Litvinsky on May 11, 1945, who took part in the liberation of Prague.

For more than 50 years, employees of the Dnepropetrovsk Historical Museum named after Academician D.I. Yavornytsky have been looking for a valuable exhibit, the Pushkin relic - a bronze statue of Catherine II.

It is interesting that the sculpture of Catherine II, which once stood on a steel pedestal, and then in the courtyard of the historical museum, is still is wanted. It is included in the list of lost valuables during the Great Patriotic War, compiled by the State Commission for the Return of Valuables to Ukraine under the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.

25 October 1943. Report of the Soviet Information Bureau and the Order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief on the liberation of Dnepropetrovsk from the Nazi invaders and on the assignment of an honorary name "Dnepropetrovsk”to units that distinguished themselves in battles for the city

The first settlements in the area have been known since the early Paleolithic. Settlements and burial mounds of the Pit Grave (3rd millennium BC), Catacomb (2nd millennium BC), Srubna (1st millennium BC), and Copper-Bronze Age cultures have been discovered. The monuments of the Scythian (Chortomlitsky mound), Sarmatian and Chernyakhov cultures were studied. In the 6th-8th centuries. the first settlements of the Slavs appear.

During Kievan Rus, along the river. Auril passed the border With the lands of the nomads, the Polovtsian steppe. The Mongol-Tatar invasion devastated the Dnieper region, which since that time has been called the "Wild Field". In the 15th century these lands were inhabited by Cossacks, who in the 40s. 16th century founded a fortification in the lower reaches of the Dnieper - Zaporizhzhya Sich, which, after repeated destruction, changed its location several times, and, accordingly, its name.

From here, in response to the predatory attacks of the Turks and Tatars, the Cossacks carried out sea and land campaigns against the Crimea and Turkey. The Cossacks played a significant role in the liberation war of the Ukrainian people against Poland in the 17th century. In 1709

Peter I ordered to liquidate the (Old or Chortomlitskaya) Zaporozhian Sich. In 1734 after lengthy petitions, the Cossacks were allowed to establish the New Sich on the town of Podpolnaya (near the modern village of Pokrovsky, Nikopol district). Its territory was divided into palanki (districts). Detachments of Cossacks actively participated in the peasant movement - Koliivshchyna (1768) under the leadership of M. Zheleznyak.

In 1775 Tsarist troops, on the orders of Catherine II, captured and destroyed the Sich. Its lands became part of the Azov and Novorossiysk provinces, united in 1783. to the Yekaterinoslav governorship, and in 1802. Yekaterinoslav province was formed.

Nature

The surface of the region is an undulating plain with a developed valley-beam network. The northwestern part is occupied by the Dnieper Upland, which gradually decreases in a southeasterly direction, is significantly dissected by ravines and gullies, and breaks off in the Dnieper valley with a steep ledge. In the south, the upland gradually turns into the Black Sea lowland. In the east, there is the Dnieper lowland with a wide development of terraced landforms. The climate is temperate continental, the average temperature in January is -5-7 degrees C., in July - +22 + 24 degrees C. In winter, there are often thaws and severe frosts with winds. In summer and spring - dry winds and dust storms. The amount of precipitation is 400-500 mm. On the territory of the region there are 145 rivers with a length of more than 10 km, many small reservoirs, lakes and ponds. There are 101 territories and objects of the natural reserve fund in the region. 3 natural monuments of republican significance.

Administrative staff

There are 20 regional centers in the region: Apostolovo, Vasilkovka, Verkhnedneprovsk, Dnepropetrovsk, Krivoy Rog, Krinichki, Magdalinovka, Mezhevaya, Nikopol, Novomoskovsk, Petropavlovka, Pokrovskoe, Pyatikhatki, Sinelnikovo, Salty, Sofiyivka, Tomakovka. Tsarichanka, Wide.

DNEPROPETROVSK (1918 - Secheslav, until 1926 - Yekaterinoslav) (tel. code 0562)

Located on the Dnieper, 592 km from Kyiv. Ekaterinoslav founded the book. G. Potemkin in 1787 on the site of the Zaporozhye settlement Polovitsa and was named in honor of Catherine II. By order of Paul I, it was renamed to Novorossiysk (1796-1802). Since 1802 became a provincial center. The rapid development of the city began in the 70s. 19th century after the construction of the railway, which connected the Krivoy Rog iron ore and Donetsk coal basins. In the period 1917-20. the city was often under the control of the anarchist army of N. Makhno.

Monuments of Dnepropetrovsk

BRYANSK NIKOLAEV CHURCH, 1913-15 Stone. Characteristic for the architecture of the early 20th century.

NIKOLAEVSKAYA CHURCH, 19th century The style of architecture combines the features of classicism with the diocesan architecture of the second half. 19th century The murals of the 20th century have been preserved in the church. (Romanovsky street, 92).

NIKOLAEVSKAYA CHURCH, 1807 Near the former wooden St. Nicholas Church in the town of Novy Kodak, in the style of classicism. The murals of the 20th century have been preserved. (st. Oktyabryat, 108).

TRANSFORMATION CATHEDRAL, 1830-35 Built according to the project of arch. O. Zakharova. Refurbished in 1975

PALACE OF G. POTEMKIN, 1786 In 1952 reconstructed by architects A Baransky, S Glushkov and A. Muchnik. Since 1961 became a palace of culture for students. (Park named after T. Shevchenko)

Other objects of the region

DNEPRODZERZHINSK (until 1936 - Kamenskoe). City, port on the right bank of the Dnieper, 35 km from Dnepropetrovsk. The first mention of Kamensky dates back to 1750. The village was founded by Zaporozhye Cossacks. During the existence of the New Sich, it was part of the Kodat palanka. Developed thanks to the metallurgical plant, founded in 1887. In 1917 turned into a city.

NIKOLAI CATHEDRAL, 1894 Decorated on the outside with details in the ancient Ukrainian style. Now the museum of the history of Dneprodzerzhinsk.

CHINA TOWN. Village, Tsarichansky district, 53 km from the railway station. Males. The first mention in written sources in 1667. During the Tatar raids on the banks of the river. Auril built fortifications, fenced with a palisade and an earthen rampart. Inside there was a town where the population was hiding. In case of danger, they removed the "chinese" (red cloth), which was visible above the settlement.

VARBAROVO CHURCH, 1756 In the 1980s restored.

NIKOLAEVSKAYA CHURCH, 1757 Stone. Baroque style. The paintings of the 18th century have been preserved.

ASSUMPTION CHURCH, 1754 Stone. Baroque style. In 1969-73. restored.

NIKOPOL. City, river port on the right bank of the Kakhovka reservoir, 121 km from Dnepropetrovsk. On the site of modern Nikopol there was a Cossack crossing across the Dnieper - Nikitin Rog (first mentioned in 1530), founded by the Cossack Nikita. Since 1636 Sich is located, which was conditionally called Nikitinskaya. here in 1648. B. Khmelnitsky was elected hetman of Ukraine. Since 1652 the settlement of Nikitino is mentioned. In 1775 the construction of a fortress called Slavyansk began. In 1782 The town was renamed Nikopol. In the 19th century free sailors who served their term settled here on preferential terms. Construction of an iron foundry in the second floor. 19th century accelerated the development of the city.

CHURCH OF THE NATIVITY IN SULITSKY, 1812-20 In the style of classicism. The murals of the 19th-20th centuries have been preserved.

KALULEVKA. Village, Nikopol district. In the village there is the grave of the ataman of the Zaporozhye army - Ivan Sirko (died in 1680).

NOVOMOSKOVSK. City, on the right bank of the river. Samara, 27 km from Dnepropetrovsk. In the 17th century on the outskirts of modern Novomoskovsk, the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks founded wintering farms. In 1688 they built the Novo-Bogorodsk fortress. On the lands between the monastery and the fortress from the beginning of the 17th century. the Cossacks settled here, who founded the settlement of Samarchuk, or Novoselitsa, its poor actively participated in the Koliyivshchyna. After the liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich, Novoselytsya became the county center. In 1794 renamed Novomoskovsk, since 1802. - as part of the Yekaterinoslav province.

NIKOLAEV CHURCH OF THE SAMARA MONASTERY, 1782-87 Stone. Baroque style. Built by K. Tarnovsky, who is buried in it. The monastery cells (1816-20), stone, one-story, with a corridor planning system, have been preserved. The church and cells on the territory of the Samara Desert-Nikolaev Monastery (which arose in 1602 on the site of the Samar fortress) were founded by the Cossacks. In the 17th century the monastery experienced attacks more than once, was destroyed and ruined, in 1670. restored again.

TRINITY CATHEDRAL, 1775-80s Built by folk craftsman A. Pogrebnyak. In 1888 restored arch. G. Harmansky. Wooden, on a stone foundation, in the Baroque style. The only nine-bath church in Ukrainian wooden architecture. The Dnepropetrovsk Art Museum was located in the cathedral.

BELL TOWER, 19th century In the western part of the territory of the Trinity Cathedral. Wooden. In the 1980s restored.

PETRIKOVKA. Village, above the river Chaplinka, 22 km from the railway station. Bagliy. The first dwelling of the settlement was the farm of the Cossack Petrik during the New Sich. The first written information about the village - in the documents of the 18th century. On the eve of the disbandment of the Sich, the administration of the Protovchanskaya palanka was transferred here. In the 18th century the village was famous for local handicrafts: painted chests, carpets, dresses. Now in the village there is a museum of applied art of Petrikovsky artistic ornament. Masters of Petrykivka decorative painting work.

CHURCH OF NATIVITY, 19th century Stone.

SEMENOVKA. Village, Pyatikhatsky district, 7 km from the railway station. Pyatikhatki.

ASCENSION CHURCH, 1823 Stone. In the style of classicism. One of the best religious buildings in Dnepropetrovsk region.

OLD KODAKS. Village, Dnipropetrovsk district, 12 km from the railway station. Sursko-Lithuanian.

COSSACK FORTRESS, 1635 It was built on the right bank of the Dnieper by the French engineer G. Levasseur de Beauplan. In August 1635 captured by Ukrainian Cossacks led by I.Sulimoy and destroyed. In 1638 rebuilt. In 1648 during the national liberation war, it was again mined by Cossack detachments under the command of the regiment. G. Nesterenko. In 1709 destroyed by order of Peter I. It was an earthen fortress of the old Dutch type, surrounded by a rampart and a moat. Part of the rampart has been preserved

Yekaterinoslav, whose modern name is Dnepropetrovsk, was founded on May 22, 1787. This city is known today for the longest embankment in all of Europe and the longest bridge in Ukraine. The name Yekaterinoslav was given to the settlement in honor of Empress Catherine II, she was also its founder. The settlement bore this name for the first nine years since its existence (1787-1796). And then two more times the city was called by the same name. This happened during 1802-1918 and 1919-1926.

On the left coast

Historical information speaks of the existence of two dates with which the birth of Yekaterinoslav is associated.

Thus, on April 16, 1776, a decree was announced, according to which, eight miles from the left bank of the Dnieper, the construction of Yekaterinoslav was to begin. Governor V. Chertkov personally took care of the site for construction work. The construction project was led by N. Alekseev. According to his developments, Yekaterinoslav (the modern name is Dnepropetrovsk) was to consist of nine parishes. Each of them had its own area. Scientists suggest that it was intended for the market or the church. Most of the buildings were to be built of wood. The future city was surrounded by impenetrable forests and deep waters.

The city it was

By the summer of 1778, more than 50 buildings had been built. These included: the office, the house of the provincial prosecutor, the barracks, the church and the house of the governor. There was also a pharmacy, a prison and a house of boundary officers. Housing for clergymen, merchants and townspeople was also fully suitable for living. As early as 1781, Yekaterinoslav had a post office, several churches, a bathhouse, an infirmary, schools, a court, and a brick factory. At this stage, the fortress city could boast of having almost 200 courtyards. The Decree of the Government Senate announced the almost complete completion of the construction of the settlement.

On the right bank

On the right bank of the Dnieper, the choice of a place for the new Yekaterinoslav was personally handled by Potemkin Grigory Aleksandrovich. Many well-known then engineers and architects helped him in this. According to the new plan, it was assumed that the center of the settlement would be located on Cathedral Hill. At that time, there was nothing on it, only grass grew. There were no swamps in this area. There was a wonderful climate and an even better view of the steppes and the Dnieper. In a word, it was the absolute opposite of the places on which Yekaterinoslav Kilchensky was founded.

Catherine's visit

Potemkin invited Empress Catherine II, to whose glory he wanted to dedicate the future city, to visit the Crimea and Novorossia. He wanted the queen to get acquainted with this unsurpassed area. Catherine agreed, and on the day of St. Nicholas, May 9, 1787, on Cathedral Hill, she laid and cemented the first stone of the future Transfiguration Cathedral.

Pavel and Alexander I

Some more titles

Ekaterinoslav (the modern name of the city is Dnepropetrovsk) at one time or another historical time had other names. So, after the tsarist regime was overthrown, and a civil war raged in the yard, the city was unofficially called Sicheslav. Thus, the legendary Cossack past of this region was noted.

our city changed its name more than once / Photo from open sources

Facebook

Twitter

It seems that Dnepropetrovsk is one step away from becoming simply the Dnieper. On February 15, the Verkhovna Rada Committee on State Building, Regional Policy and Local Self-Government approved an initiative to rename Dnepropetrovsk to Dnipro as part of the implementation of the notorious law on decommunization. Before the official approval of the name "Dnepr" there is only one step left, which the Rada intends to take in the near future.

Candidate of Historical Sciences, Head of the Department of the D.I.Yavornitsky Dnipropetrovsk National Historical Museum Maxim Kavun helped us remember how the name of our city changed throughout its almost 240-year history, and how the city was given a new name, the search for which stretched for almost ten years, from 1917 to 1926, writes gorod.dp.ua.

In July it will be 90 years since the city is called Dnepropetrovsk

July 2016 marks the 90th anniversary of the day when the city of Ekaterinoslav officially received a new name - Dnepropetrovsk, - says Maxim Kavun. - Today's heated discussions around the new name of the city are in many ways reminiscent of the events of almost a century ago. But the post-revolution epic renaming was not the first in the history of our city. Let's remember how it was...

The city on the Dnieper was Yekaterinoslav for 127 years and Novorossiysk for five years

On the territory of modern Dnepropetrovsk, several urban-type settlements existed for a thousand years, the names of which have been preserved in historical sources. However, the most ancient city, which opened the urban tradition on the site of our metropolis, did not retain its name. This is an ancient Russian city of Slavic streets that existed in the 8th-13th centuries on the left bank of the Dnieper, at the mouth of the Samara, and then destroyed by the Mongol-Tatars. Its excavations have been ongoing since the 1940s. In 2008, V. Binkevich and V. Kameko put forward an interesting hypothesis that this is the city of Peresechen, known from chronicle evidence. Other scientists localize the Crossing from the Dnieper to Moldova, so the question remains open.

In the late Middle Ages, in the area of present-day Dnepropetrovsk, there were a number of urban settlements: Samar, Kodak, Novy Kodak, as well as a significant number of rural settlements: Polovitsa, Lotsmanskaya Kamenka, Dievka, Sukhachevka and others.

Founded at the end of the 18th century, Yekaterinoslav got its name from "above", according to the orders of the supreme power. This laid a trend in which the city received its names according to the decisions of the highest authorities. The opinion of the townspeople themselves was not taken into account at the same time. Unfortunately, this practice has proven to be very persistent.

Yekaterinoslav was officially named so for a total of 127 years (1776-1797, 1802-1926). Ekaterinoslav was first founded in 1776 on the left bank of the Dnieper as the provincial center of the Azov province (now the territory of the village of Samarovka). The name of the city was chosen by Grigory Potemkin. This name "Ekaterinoslav" was first mentioned in writing in the spring of 1776: in a report dated April 23, 1776. Azov Governor Vasily Chertkov G.A. Potemkin, where there is such a phrase: "a project for the construction of the provincial city of Yekaterinoslav on the Kilchen River, not far from its confluence with the Samara River, with the underlying plan, profiles, facades and estimates." In the same year, the construction of the city was started, and it existed until 1784. Then the construction was officially transferred to the right bank of the Dnieper. The decree of Empress Catherine II on January 22, 1784 says: "The provincial city called Yekaterinoslav should be the best convenience on the right side of the Dnieper River near Kaydak ..." (meaning New Kodak). On May 9 (20), 1787, the official groundbreaking ceremony for the city and the Transfiguration Cathedral took place. The construction of the city later took place on the territory of the Polovitsa settlement.

The etymology of the toponym "Ekaterinoslav" is actively discussed. So far, no official document of the late 18th century has been found that clearly explains the origin of this name. It is traditionally believed that Yekaterinoslav got his name in honor of Empress Catherine II. Now a version has arisen and is finding more and more supporters that the name of the city contains the name of the heavenly patroness of Catherine II, the Holy Great Martyr Catherine. Both versions are based on nothing more than conjecture. In "The Inscription of the City of Ekaterinoslav" (October 6, 1786) G.A. Potemkin wrote: "Most Gracious Empress, where else, as in a country dedicated to your glory, can there be a city of magnificent buildings; and therefore I undertook projects to draw up worthy of this high city name." However, this phrase does not clarify anything, because, when founding a city in honor of the Empress, it could be named after the patron saint Catherine II.

Interesting fact

It is interesting that in the 18th century, unlike the Soviet era, objects were usually not named after living people, but only in honor of heavenly patrons. Recall that St. Petersburg has the prefix "Sankt" (German - saint) because it was named after St. Peter, perfectly understanding the allusion to Peter the Great. Such logic could also be laid in the name of Yekaterinoslav. In any case, this question awaits further research.

Why Yekaterinoslav became Novorossiysk

Ekaterinoslav changed his name only once, and then also by the "highest" will. As is often the case with us, what exalted under one regime creates problems under another. Ironically, the "royal name" of the city began to be perceived as a complete sedition under the new autocrat. The city on the Dnieper "suffered" during the "cleansing" of Catherine's heritage, organized by Paul I during his short reign (1796-1801). Already a year after the death of Catherine II, on December 22, 1797, by decree of her son, Yekaterinoslav was renamed Novorossiysk.

Why Novorossiysk? Pavel merged into one Novorossiysk province the Yekaterinoslav vicegerency and the Tauride region, and made Novorossiysk the center of this province and the entire region (until 1802). In March 1801 Paul I was assassinated. The new emperor, Alexander I (son of Paul and grandson of Catherine II) in 1802 returned the city to its name, made it the center of the Yekaterinoslav province (albeit on a smaller scale than Novorossiysk).

On this ups and downs with the names for a long time ended. With the name "Ekaterinoslav" the city was formed as the industrial center of the region, underwent a revolution and saw the beginning of Soviet power. It is significant that at the beginning of the 20th century, when "revolutionary whirlwinds" were already felt, there was a consensus in the urban community of Yekaterinoslav about the name of the city. No proposals for renaming were received until 1917.

The name "Sicheslav" was used in books and newspapers

The social demand for changing the name of the city on the Dnieper appeared with the beginning of the revolution in 1917. However, contrary to all the legends circulated in the media, there was no official procedure for renaming the city during the years of the revolution.

Part of the cultural and political forces that advocated the revival of Ukrainian statehood proposed to call Yekaterinoslav "Sicheslav". The origins of this initiative have not been studied for certain, this has yet to be done by scientists. Even the exact date when this proposal was put forward is not known. In September 1919, the Kyiv newspaper "Rada" announced that "Katerinoslav city of the Ukrainian teachers' association was renamed to" Sicheslav". And the "Ukrainian Global Encyclopedia" (1931) and the "Encyclopedia of Ukrainian Studies" (1976) testify: "Sicheslav, naming Katerinoslav in 1918", i.e. even during the reign of Hetman Skoropadsky. Writer Yar Slavutych noted that the name "Sicheslav" was allegedly invented by Dmitry Yavornitsky himself.

During the Civil War, our city changed hands at least 19 times. Therefore, legally, there could be no question of any legitimate change in the city's name. In reality, the name "Sicheslav" existed in local Ukrainian publications, books with the inscription "Ukrainian vision in Sicheslav" were published. In particular, such a series of books was published by the famous writer and public figure A.F. Kashchenko. After the revolution, the name "Cicheslav" was used mainly in the circles of the Ukrainian diaspora in the United States and Canada, and for many decades became an ideological symbol of belonging to the Ukrainian identity in Dnepropetrovsk. In the era of perestroika and now, part of the Dnepropetrovsk organizations, newspapers and magazines in the Ukrainian language are called "Sicheslav".

With the establishment of the power of the Bolsheviks, the city remained Yekaterinoslav. And at first, attempts to put forward alternative names, including "Sicheslav", were perceived by the authorities with caution. However, "Sicheslav" remained popular among part of the literary community. For example, in July 1921 in Yekaterinoslav a literary collection was published with the characteristic title "Vyr Revolyutsii", which was published by V. Polishchuk and V. Pidmogilny with Professor P. Efremov. The text of the collection contained the opinion of the authors with the ideological justification for renaming the city: the rejection of the imperial past and at the same time idealistic allusions to the communist beginning in the Zaporozhian Sich: the land that our place stands for, was a right commune, de and lands, and bows, and catch, and zha from one boiler - everything was sleeping, communal.

Ekaterinoslav could become "Leninoslav" and "Krasnodneprovsk"

In the first years of Soviet power, the name "Ekaterinoslav" continued to exist by inertia, but even then it was considered an anachronism. The search for a new name for the city began. On August 14, 1923, the city council announced a competition for a new name for the city, as it was said in the announcement, with the invitation of "the best forces." Soon a version of the new name was invented, which did not differ in great originality. In January 1924, the 8th Provincial Congress of Soviets adopted a "Resolution on the renaming of the city of Yekaterinoslav." The document consisted of just a few words: “to petition the Center for the assignment of the name of the city of Yekaterinoslav “Krasnodneprovsk” and the province “Krasnodneprovskaya.” This initiative was not a decision, but only a proposal.

On February 17, 1924, the Provincial Executive Committee was forced to come up with an explanation in the Zvezda newspaper: “Due to existing legal provisions, the final resolution of issues related to the renaming of settlements depends on the presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. the center of the relevant application ... ".

Interestingly, this practice is very reminiscent of the current situation, when the submissions of local councils do not have direct force, but they are approved by the Verkhovna Rada. Unfortunately, the norms of direct democracy, such as the local referendum, were ignored a hundred years ago, and now, although today's toponymic reforms are carried out formally in order to abandon the practice of the Soviet period. There is a deep contradiction in this. As you can see, according to the then legislation, local authorities had no right to resolve such issues, and the final decision remained with the central authorities. "Centre" did not appreciate the unbridled zeal of the local Bolsheviks. The 1924 renaming attempt failed.

However, the idea of renaming Ekaterinoslav rapidly "went to the masses." An epic began with proposals for new names. On the ground, mostly very exotic proposals were born. For example, meetings of work collectives offered such options - Leninoslav, Metallist, Krasnoslav, Krasno-Rursk. (The Ruhr is the largest mining region in Germany, a kind of "synonymous" with Donbass and Kryvbas). However, none of these proposals was ever implemented.

In 1926 the city was renamed into "Dnepro-Petrovsky"

In the mid-1920s, however, a new version of the name of the city on the Dnieper was invented. It all started in October 1925, when the head of the city executive committee and the district executive committee, Ivan Gavrilov, speaking at the city plenum, proposed to petition the allied authorities to rename the city. The plenum supported this idea and submitted it for discussion by the regional authorities. From May 3 to May 8, 1926, the "3rd Okrug Congress of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies of the Yekaterinoslav Region" was held in the city. On it the head of the district executive committee I.A. Gavrilov reported "hundreds of letters" coming from workers with "recommendations" to rename the city. On May 5, 1926, this congress adopted a resolution on the renaming of the city of Yekaterinoslav into the city of ... Dnepro-Petrovsky.

The city came up with a "compound" name - from the name of the Dnieper River and the surname of Grigory Petrovsky (1878-1958) - a politician who began his career at the Bryansk plant in Yekaterinoslav (later - the Petrovsky plant). At that time, Petrovsky was the nominal leader of Soviet Ukraine (in 1919–1938). His official position was called "Chairman of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee", unofficially he was called "All-Ukrainian Starosta".

The reaction of G.I. Petrovsky to rename the city in his honor was rather restrained. He personally attended the meeting of the 3rd District Congress (in the building of the current Gorky Theater). Without hiding his excitement, he delivered a long speech, with these words: “Comrades! You have decided to break with the bad monarchical past, which is associated with the name of Yekaterinoslav, where the workers and peasants shed a lot of blood in the struggle against reaction. I did not think that my proletarian work could rise to such a high honor when a large city is named after me, the workers and peasants of which have glorious proletarian traditions in the struggle against the monarchist bourgeois regime.But if you want to make this city named after me, I accept this with great gratitude honor. I will work with you to the best of my ability to fulfill the historic tasks entrusted to us." Thus, Petrovsky lived with "his" city for 32 years, until his death in 1958.

The very controversial and, in my opinion, vicious practice of naming settlements after living persons was widespread in the Soviet era already from the 1920s. In this sense, the renaming of Yekaterinoslav corresponded to the general trend. For example, in 1924 Elisavetgrad changed its name to Zinovievsk, and when this party leader fell out of favor, the city was renamed Kirovo, then Kirovograd (in 1934). The workers' settlement of Yuzovka, which quickly grew into a city, in 1924 became known as Stalino, and only in 1961 was it named Donetsk.

Thus, the renaming of our city in 1926 was legally formalized by the decision of the highest regional authority - the district congress. Of course, there was no question of any city referendum. This decision was "pushed through" by the authorities, and we will never know about the reaction to the renaming of the majority of the urban population.

This time the initiative from below was fully approved by the highest allied authorities. The decision of the local congress was approved by the Presidium of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee (Central Executive Committee), and on July 20, 1926 - by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. The last act was decisive, so the "Dnepropetrovsk history" is counted from that day. True, in the final resolution the name of the city was given in the wording "Dnepropetrovsk".

The decree of July 20, 1926 stated: "The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR decides: to rename the city of Yekaterinoslav to the city of Dnepropetrovsk, the station of Yekaterinoslav to the station of Dnepropetrovsk." The document was signed by the Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR M.I. Kalinin and Secretary of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR A.S. Yenukidze.

The name "Dnepropetrovsk" has become a political and technological brand

The renaming of the city gave rise to a number of toponymic collisions associated with the complex structure of the new name and its translation into Ukrainian. In the era of Ukrainization of the 1920s. official documents were drawn up primarily in Ukrainian. In Ukrainian, "city" is neuter. Therefore, at first the city was called "the city of Dnipro-Petrovske". From the beginning of the 1930s, continuous spelling began to be used - "Dnipropetrovsk". After the curtailment of Ukrainization in the early 1930s, the name of the city settled down, and in Ukrainian the city was called as now familiar to everyone "Dnipropetrovsk".

It was quite difficult for the townspeople to use a complex phrase from the name of the Dnieper River and the surname of the "all-Ukrainian headman" Petrovsky. However, almost a century has passed, and this name has also become historical, personifying the ups and downs of the city's history of the 20th century.

During the German occupation, Dnepropetrovsk retained its name. The occupational press organ in Dnepropetrovsk was published from 1941 to 1943 under the name "Dnipropetrovsk newspaper".

In the second half of the twentieth century, in everyday communication, the name of the big city "Dnepropetrovsk" was reduced to "Dnepr" and became similar to the name of the river. Traditional neologisms have developed: "I was in the Dnieper", "I myself am from the Dnieper", "I came from the Dnieper". In the second half of the 20th century, the name "Dnepropetrovsk" turned into a technological and political "brand". Under this name, the city was known as a "forge of personnel" for Ukraine and the entire USSR and as a world-famous center for the rocket and space industry.

Since the late 1980s - early 1990s, for thirty years now, there has been an active discussion about the renaming of Dnepropetrovsk. The media competed who would offer a more original name for the city: rename it to Sicheslav, return Yekaterinoslav, name it Dniproslav, Kodak, Polovitsa, even Makhnograd or Yavornitsky. In the mid-nineties of the 20th century, the issue of renaming the city came to naught, and became especially relevant again only in 2014. I would like, of course, that the issue of the name of our city was decided not by the supreme authorities, as it was in the last 200 years, but by the city community represented by all its citizens in a democratic way," Maksim Kavun concludes.

... But, as we see, at the new round of further democratization of our society, on the issue of renaming the city instead of its inhabitants, the decision was again made "at the top". About how much this corresponds to European traditions and real democracy, everyone has the right to speculate for himself.

Photo from the personal archive of Maxim Kavun

Dnepropetrovsk(ukr. Dnipropetrovsk); the original name Yekaterinoslav (1776-1797; 1802-1926), in 1797-1802 Novorossiysk - a city, the regional center of the Dnepropetrovsk region of Ukraine, the center of the Dnepropetrovsk agglomeration. The third city in terms of population in Ukraine after Kyiv and Kharkov.

Dnepropetrovsk is one of the largest industrial, economic and transport centers, the center of metallurgy and the space capital of Ukraine. Ferrous metallurgy, metalworking, mechanical engineering and other heavy branches of industry are especially developed.

Story

The area in which modern Dnepropetrovsk is located has been inhabited by humans since Paleolithic times. Waves of conquerors periodically devastated it - the last time in the 13th century during the Mongol-Tatar invasion. The region began to be repopulated after the formation of the Zaporizhzhya Sich in the 16th century: Cossack kurens, farms, villages and towns began to appear here. The most famous in the city and in the vicinity are Samar (Old Samar). known from the 1st half of the 16th century - now on the outskirts of the village of Shevchenko at the mouth of Samara and Kodak (Polish fortress, known since 1635 and a settlement with it). Later, Novy Kaydak arose (the center of the Kodatskaya palanka of Zaporozhye, at one time it served as a provincial city), and in 1688, on the site of Samara, the first Russian colony Novobogoroditsk with the Bogoroditsk fortress in the Zaporozhye lands appeared. In 1775, the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks were finally liquidated, and their lands became directly part of the Russian Empire. In 1776, a provincial center was founded to manage the annexed lands by decree of Catherine II. In her honor, the city was named Yekaterinoslav. Initially, the new provincial city was founded on the Kilchen River at its confluence with Samara. However, the city did not exist here for long due to the unfortunate geographical location in the swamp and frequent floods.

On January 22, 1784, a decree was issued on the founding of the second Yekaterinoslav on the Dnieper River, which, according to the original plan, was to become the “Third Capital of the Russian Empire”. Officially, the city was founded during the visit of Catherine II, who on May 9, 1787 laid the first stone in the construction of the Transfiguration Cathedral.

However, the location of the center (on a hill) of the new city again turned out to be not very successful, there were difficulties with water supply, so the city center began to move west, to the lowland, to the Dnieper, where the Polovitsa Cossack settlement, known since 1747, was located. Gradually, the Cossack settlement was absorbed by Yekaterinoslav and now here is the center of modern Dnepropetrovsk.

Despite the grandiose plans and enthusiasm of the governor of the region Grigory Potemkin to turn Yekaterinoslav into the 3rd capital of the Russian Empire, after his death and the death of Catherine II, and also due to lack of funds in the treasury, the development of the city slowed down. Of the large enterprises, only the cloth manufactory, founded in 1794, was built.

Yekaterinoslav

By the end of the 18th century, there were 11 stone houses in the city, incl. Potemkin Palace, and 185 wooden houses, and the population was about 6 thousand people.

In 1796, by decree of the new Emperor Paul, the city of Yekaterinoslav was renamed Novorossiysk, but in 1802 the old name was returned to the city.

In the 19th century, the population of the city continued to slowly increase and in 1853 it already amounted to more than 13 thousand people; In 1862, there were 315 stone houses in the city, 3060 wooden houses, and in addition to the cloth factory, there were various factories - iron foundry, brick, candle, soap, salotopny and leather.

In 1873, a railway line was laid on the left bank from Kharkov through Sinelnikovo to Nizhnedneprovsk, and 11 years later a bridge was built across the Dnieper and a railway station was opened in Yekaterinoslav itself on the right bank. The Catherine's railway connected the coal mines of Donbass with the iron ore of Kryvbas, which gave a powerful impetus to the development of the provincial city and the region as a whole.

With the active participation of French and German capital, a number of large metallurgical plants appeared in the city and its environs, which are still operating today. The Yekaterinoslav locomotive depot became the largest in the south of the Russian Empire.

The population of the city, mainly due to migrants, has grown dramatically: if in 1865 there were 22.8 thousand people living in the city, then in 1897 - already more than 121 thousand people. The majority were Russians (42%), Jews (35%) and Ukrainians (16%). Yekaterinoslav became one of the largest industrial centers of the Russian Empire. In the same year, an electric tram was launched in Yekaterinoslav - the 3rd in the Russian Empire, after Kyiv and Nizhny Novgorod. A number of public, educational and cultural institutions appeared in the city.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the city continued to grow rapidly, industry and trade developed, the population grew, which doubled by 1910 and amounted to 252.5 thousand people. In 1914, the construction of the second railway bridge across the Dnieper began (completed in 1932).

In 1918, under Hetman Skoropadsky, the city's first university was opened.

In 1918-1919, the city was unofficially called Sicheslav (there was no decision of the authorities to rename, the initiative belonged to several cultural organizations). After the establishment of Soviet power, until 1926 he again bore the name Yekaterinoslav.

During the years of the Civil War, the city more than once became the scene of battles - in October 1919 it was captured by the Makhnovist detachments, and on November 25, power in the city passed to units of the White Army of Denikin. In December 1919, Soviet power was finally established in Yekaterinoslav.

In 1926 the city was renamed and began to bear the current name - Dnepropetrovsk.

During the first five-year plans, the city was revived and further developed.

However, on July 22, 1941, the war with Nazi Germany began, and already on August 25, 1941, it was occupied by German units. Later, Dnepropetrovsk became the center of one of the six districts of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine.

After the Great Patriotic War, Dnepropetrovsk was restored and again became one of the most important industrial centers of the USSR - now the largest enterprise in the rocket and space industry, the Southern Machine-Building Plant, has appeared here.

The city developed. There were new enterprises, residential (sleeping) areas on the outskirts. By the end of the 1970s, the population of Dnepropetrovsk exceeded 1 million inhabitants (including due to the annexation of the neighboring towns of Igren and Pridneprovsk) and a decision was made to build a subway.

However, due to the crisis phenomena that have manifested since the late 1980s, the development of the city has slowed down, and the population has begun to decline. And now new large enterprises are practically not being created, housing construction is limited to the construction of individual elite complexes, and urban public transport is practically destroyed.

Geography

Dnepropetrovsk is located in the central part of Ukraine on both banks of the middle Dnieper in the steppe zone. The right-bank part is located on the spurs of the Dnieper Upland - mainly on 4 hills delimited by beams (ravines) with streams. The left-bank part is low-lying, indented in the west by elongated lakes - the remains of ancient Protovcha. Within the city, the Orel (canal) and Samara rivers flow into the Dnieper. Geographical coordinates of the city Coordinates: 48°27′53″ s. sh. 35°02′46″ in. (G) 48°27′53″ s. sh. 35°02′46″ in. d. (G)

Dnepropetrovsk region is located in the southeastern part of Ukraine, in the middle and lower reaches of the Dnieper. In the north it borders on the Poltava and Kharkov regions, in the east - on the Donetsk region, in the south - on the Kherson and Zaporozhye regions, and in the west - on the Nikolaev and Kirovograd regions. The region is divided into 20 districts, has 19 cities, incl. 10 regions of subordination, 54 urban-type settlements, 1452 rural settlements. Favorable geographical position, significant deposits of minerals, location in the physical-geographical zone, favorable soil and climatic conditions, dense transport network contribute to the development of the economic complex of the region. On the territory of the Dnipropetrovsk region there are 123 nature reserves (total area 13.5 thousand hectares), incl. 15 state reserves, three natural monuments.

Administrative-territorial division

Since pre-revolutionary times, there has been a division of the city into natural parts: workers' settlements, villages. included in the course of time in the city, residential areas and microdistricts. In total, there are several dozen such parts.

Population

Ethnic composition

Ukrainians 2625.8 thousand 69.3%
Russians 827.5 thousand 27.6%
Belarusians 29.5 thousand 0.8%
Jews 13.7 thousand 0.4%
Armenians 10.6 thousand 0.3%
Azerbaijanis 5.6 thousand 0.2%

Climate

The city of Dnepropetrovsk is located in the southeastern part of Ukraine on both banks of the Dnieper. In general, the climate of the city is temperate continental with mild winters and warm (sometimes hot) summers.

The average annual air temperature is 8.5 °С, the lowest is in January (minus 5.5 °С), the highest is in July (21.3 °С)

The lowest average monthly air temperature in January (minus 14.5 °С) was recorded in 1950, the highest (1.5 °С) - in 2007. The lowest average monthly temperature in July (18.4 °С) was observed in 1976, the highest (25.6 °C) - in 1936. The absolute minimum air temperature (minus 38.2 °C) was recorded on January 11, 1940, the absolute maximum (40.1 °C) - August 10, 1930 d. In the last 100-120 years, the air temperature in Dnepropetrovsk, as well as on Earth as a whole, tends to increase. During this period, the average annual air temperature increased by at least 1.0 °C. The warmest year for the entire period of observations was 2007. The largest increase in temperature occurred in the first half of the year. On average, 513 mm of atmospheric precipitation falls in Dnepropetrovsk per year, the least of them are in March and October, the most - in June and July.

The minimum annual precipitation (273 mm) was observed in 1951, the maximum (881 mm) - in 1960. The maximum daily precipitation (82 mm) was recorded on August 23, 1960. On average, 127 days with precipitation are observed in the city per year; the least of them (7 each) in August and October, the most (16) - in December. Snow cover forms annually in Dnepropetrovsk (December-February, sometimes November-March), but its height is insignificant; frequent thaws.

Relative air humidity on average for the year is 74%, it is the lowest (61%) in August, the highest (89%) - in December.

The least cloudiness is observed in August, the largest - in December.

The winds from the north have the highest frequency in the city, the least - from the northwest and southwest.

The highest wind speed is in January-February, the lowest - in summer. In January it averages 5.4 m/s, in July - 3.7 m/s.

The average number of days with thunderstorms per year is 22, hail - 5, snow - 53.

Economy

Dnepropetrovsk is one of the largest industrial, economic and transport centers, the center of metallurgy in Ukraine. Ferrous metallurgy is especially developed (metallurgical plants named after Petrovsky, named after Babushkin, Dnepropetrovsk Pipe Plant, Kominmet, Nizhnedneprovsky Pipe Plant), metalworking and mechanical engineering (Dnepropetrovsk - the center of rocket science of Ukraine - PO YuMZ).

The food industry is known for such trademarks as Oleyna, Alan, Favorit, Yubileiny, Kozatska Rozvaga, Bon Boisson, Millennium chocolate, the Rainford dairy factory, and the Prydneprovsky dairy plant. ”, fish products “Iceberg”, vodka “Stoletov”, vodka “Karat”. Back in 1937, the Dnepropetrovsk Food Concentrates Plant was launched in the city - the first producer of corn flakes in the USSR.

The largest enterprises in other industries are the Heavy Press Plant, Dneproshina OJSC, a car repair plant, and a radio plant.

Many Soviet-built enterprises have now fallen into decay, mainly due to the lack of demand and uncompetitiveness of their products. Metallurgical plants survived the restructuring better than others.

In the construction business, the largest enterprises are Sozidatel, Master, Olvia, Alef.

Banking is developed (the main office of the largest bank in Ukraine, PrivatBank, is located in Dnepropetrovsk), trade - there is the largest food market in Ukraine - Ozerka, as well as many shopping centers - Rainford, Caravan, Metro, New Line , "Epicenter", stores of retail chains "ATB", "Terra / Varus", "Olivier", "Great Kishenya", Big Spoon, Silpo, Bill.

The directorate of the Prydniprovska railway of Ukrzaliznytsia is located in Dnepropetrovsk.

Transport

Since December 29, 1995, the Dnepropetrovsk metro has been operating, when the 1st stage of 6 stations was commissioned: Kommunarovskaya, Svobody Avenue, Zavodskaya, Metallurgists, Metrostroiteley, Vokzalnaya. The total length of the operated line is 7.8 km. Now under construction on the 1st metro line from the central railway station to the city center there are two stations: Teatralnaya and Centralnaya.

In the future, the total length of the first line will be 11.8 km with 9 stations. The development of the metro provides for the construction in the future of up to 80 km of tracks with three lines.

The length of the routes is (ring distance):
tram lines – 176.9 km
trolleybus - 412.6 km
subway - 7.9 km
motor transport — 2410 km

Also in Dnepropetrovsk there are: two passenger railway stations (Central and Southern), an international airport, river and bus stations (central bus station and bus station "New Center").

Bridges

Amur (Old) bridge - built by 1884. Railway and automobile, tram line (since 1935). Bridge length: 1395 m, with approaches 2397 m, width
New Bridge 15.5 m. Connects the station area with the left-bank part of the city. In 1977, the understudy of the railway bridge, Bridge No. 5, was commissioned.
Central (New), Bridge No. 2 - an automobile bridge connecting the city center with the left-bank part (exit to Pravda Avenue.). Opened November 5, 1966; its length is 1478 m, width 21 m. It was built on the site of a wooden one built by soldiers of the Soviet army in 1944. This bridge has long been the longest in Ukraine.
The Merefa-Kherson railway bridge is the very first bridge built in the form of an arc. The first pillars were erected in 1914, but the construction was completed only in 1932. This bridge is still one of the most unique structures in Ukraine.
Kaydak bridge - opened on November 10, 1982. Length 1732 m, 3-lane traffic in both directions. On December 17, 1996, a tram was launched in its center. It connects the western regions of the right bank with the left bank and the route to Kharkov and Donetsk.
South Bridge - Built in stages from 1982 to 1993 and from 1998 to 2000. Opened in December 2000. The length is 1248 meters, the width is 22 m. It connects Pridneprovsk directly with the right bank (Pobeda railway station).
Ust-Samarsky bridge - automobile. Built in 1981. Connects Pridneprovsk, Chapli and Igren with the left bank.
Samara (Igrensky) bridge - automobile (built in 1957) and railway (commissioned in 1873). It connects Igren with the left-bank part of the city.
The Evpatoria overpass - automobile through the beam - connects Geroev Stalingrada street with the Poplar residential area and the Zaporizhzhya highway.
Pedestrian bridge to Monastery Island

In total, in Dnepropetrovsk, in addition to the mentioned 3 medium bridges, 20 small bridges, 18 viaducts and overpasses, 12 underpasses.

Education, culture

In 2003, there were 158 secondary schools in the city.

In 2006, the All-Ukrainian Olympiad in Informatics was held in Dnepropetrovsk.

In 2008, the All-Ukrainian Mathematics Olympiad was held in Dnepropetrovsk.

In 2009 Dnepropetrovsk hosted the semi-finals of the All-Ukrainian Student Programming Olympiad (eastern region).

universities

There are 14 state higher educational institutions in the city and several private ones (excluding branches of other universities):

Dnepropetrovsk National University named after Oles Gonchar
National Mining University
National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine
Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology
Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs (former Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Law Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs)
Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture (former DISI)
Dnepropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after ac. Lazaryan (former DIIT)
Dnepropetrovsk Agrarian University
Dnepropetrovsk State Financial Academy
Dnepropetrovsk University of Economics and Law
Academy of Customs Service of Ukraine
Dnepropetrovsk State Institute of Physical Culture and Sports
Dnepropetrovsk State Medical Academy
Dnepropetrovsk Institute of the Interregional Academy of Personnel Management
Dnepropetrovsk Regional Institute of Public Administration of the National Academy of Public Administration under the President of Ukraine

In total, about 55 thousand students, including foreign ones, study at the city's universities.

Museums

Dnipropetrovsk Historical Museum named after Academician D. I. Yavornitsky is one of the largest museums in Ukraine
Art
Diorama "Battle for the Dnieper"
House Museum of Helena Petrovna Blavatsky
Museum "Literary Dnieper"
Memorial House-Museum of Academician D. I. Yavornitsky

Theaters

Ukrainian Dnepropetrovsk Drama Theatre. T. G. Shevchenko
Dnepropetrovsk Academic Theater of Russian Drama Gorky
Dnepropetrovsk Opera and Ballet Theater
Dnepropetrovsk Municipal Youth Theater "We Believe!"
Dnepropetrovsk Regional Youth Theater "Chamber Stage"
Dnepropetrovsk Municipal Theater of Actor and Puppet
House of chamber music
House of Organ and Chamber Music
Children's musical theater "Golden Key"
Theater of Mikhail Melnik "Scream"
Theater KVN DSU
Dnepropetrovsk Philharmonic
Dnepropetrovsk circus

Attractions

Monastery island. Entrance from the Embankment or the park named after T.G. Shevchenko, or by cable car.
The longest promenade in Europe. Along the right bank of the Dnieper, the length is more than 23 km.
Scythian "women" - the largest collection in Ukraine. Zhovtneva Square.
Synagogue "Golden Rose"; the largest Jewish center "Menorah" with the Holocaust Museum is being built nearby (2010). St. Gopner.
Bryansk Nicholas Church, 1913-1915. Stone. Characteristic of the architecture of the early XX century. Ave. Kalinina.
Nicholas Church, 1807. Near the former wooden St. Nicholas Church in the town of Novy Kodak, in the style of classicism. The murals of the 20th century have been preserved. (st. Oktyabryat, 108).
Transfiguration Cathedral, 1830-1835. Built according to the project of O. Zakharov. The historical center of the city - the cathedral was founded by Catherine II herself. According to the construction plan of 1786, the Transfiguration Cathedral was supposed to surpass the size of the Roman Cathedral of St. Peter. Zhovtneva Square.
Palace of G. Potemkin, 1786. Since 1961 it has been the Palace of Culture for Students. (Park named after T.G. Shevchenko)
Bogoroditskaya fortress (remains of ramparts on the banks of Samara in the village of Shevchenko)
Diorama "Battle for the Dnieper" (1975, authors - N. Ya. But, N. V. Ovechkin), viewing angle - 230 degrees, area of the painting - 840 m². Zhovtneva Square.
Colored fountain at the Opera and Ballet Theatre. Serov street
Swan fountain near the New Bridge. Installed in 2005 on the Dnieper River a few meters from the shore. The height of the jet can reach 50 m.
Scythian burial mounds, about 12 thousand are officially registered in the region.
Toy railway. Globa park. Opened in 1936.
The central market "Ozerka" is the largest food market in Ukraine.

Mass media, printed editions

The socio-political publications of the Dnipropetrovsk region include: the newspapers "Sobytiya", "Dneprovskaya Pravda", "Komsomolskaya Pravda - Dnepropetrovsk", "Newspaper in Dneprovsky", "Nashe Misto", Litsa, Popular newspaper, Left Bank (Dnepropetrovsk), and also one of the oldest and popular newspapers in the region, the leader among independent national media - Dnepr Vecherniy (circulation over 245,000 copies)
News of Dnepropetrovsk

City holidays

Day of the city. The festival has been held since the 1970s. In 2001, the Charter of the city was adopted, which approved the official date of the Day of the city of Dnepropetrovsk - the second Sunday of September. On this day, festive events take place throughout the city and traditionally end on the embankment with festive fireworks.

Problems of the metropolis

traffic jams (due to the sharp increase in the number of cars and fixed-route taxis after 2005), indiscipline of drivers, neglect of traffic rules, especially by fixed-route taxi drivers;
problems with communications and utilities, such as snow removal;
seizure of recreational areas in the city and suburbs by private individuals;
the problem of law enforcement and the related problem of corruption;
high cost of housing and rent: the price of 1 m² of housing is 2-3 thousand US dollars (with the crisis since the end of 2008 it has declined);
a high level of crime, including street crime, typical for industrial centers;
general stagnation in the development of the city - only the center and some sections in the districts are developing;
stagnation in the construction of the metro - since 1995, after the launch of the Vokzal-Kommunar section (6 stations), not a single station has been opened (the next line - 1 or 2 stations to the city center - would allow to unload the center and use the metro more efficiently);
passenger transportation: despite the extensive network of routes, the size of the vehicle fleet, fixed-route taxis cannot cope with the load during peak hours. Real alternative projects - a monorail, a high-speed tram (light metro), just bringing roads back to normal - have not yet been observed.
the main producer of products in the city - metallurgical and other heavy industry enterprises have not undergone major reconstruction, which makes their products expensive and uncompetitive in foreign markets.