Presentation on the topic "Ural - the stone belt of the Russian Land". Ural - a stone belt of the land of the Russian stage

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Ural

Ural! The supporting edge of the state,
Her earner and blacksmith,
The same age as our ancient glory
And the glory of the current creator
(A.T. Tvardovsky)

The Urals has long been considered a natural border separating two parts of the world - Europe and Asia.

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Ural - geological structure

The Ural Mountains are located between various tectonic structures, which explains their formation.

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Geographical position

• The length of the Ural Mountains from south to north is 2 thousand kilometers, and from west to east from 50 to 150 kilometers.
• The Ural Mountains stretch from the coast of the Arctic Kara Sea to the steppes of Kazakhstan. In the east - the West Siberian Plain, in the west - the Russian Plain
• In ancient times, the mountains of the Urals were called Riphean, and until the 18th century they were called “stone belt” (translated from Turkic, “Ural” means belt).
• The Ural Mountains are relatively low: only a few peaks reach a height of 1.5 thousand meters above sea level, and the highest of them (Mount Narodnaya) is 1895 meters.

1. Direction and extent
2. Ural borders
3. Mountain height
4. How does it affect the nature of the Urals, its length from north to south for 2000 km?

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Geological structure

• The Urals are separated from the Russian platform by the Cis-Ural trough, which consists of sedimentary rocks (clay, sand, gypsum, limestone).
• The Ural Mountains were formed in PZ, but in MZ they were almost completely destroyed.
• Separate parts of the Urals rose during the KZ (Neogene). But even these folded-blocky Ural Mountains were destroyed as a result of external forces (weathering and erosion).

Find Mineral Deposits:

• Iron ore: Magnitogorsk, Kachkanarskoe, Khalilovskoe
• Copper ores: Krasnouralskoye, Gayskoye, Sibaevskoye
• Gold: Berezovskoe
• Asbestos: Bazhenovskoye
• Oil: Ishimbay
• Coal: Pechorsky, Kizelovsky

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Ural

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Natural resources of the Urals

The Ural Mountains are rich in mineral resources. This is a real treasure trove of minerals.

• Asbestos
• Diamonds

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Natural resources of the Urals

• Amethyst
• Emerald

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• Amethyst. “Warm edge” is a special way of processing a gem, when each edge coming from the center of the stone plays with rays.
• Rhodonite - translated from Greek means "rose"

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• Garnet
• Topaz
• Alexandrite

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• Coil
• cat eye
• Tiger's Eye
• Aquamarine
• Lapis lazuli
• Olivine

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Climate

1. The climate of the Urals is varied. Why?
2. Determine the average temperatures of January and July in the Northern (Polar) and Southern Urals.
3. Why does the western slopes of mountains receive more precipitation than the eastern slopes?
4. How do climatic conditions change with height?
5. In what climate zone and region are the Ural Mountains located?

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Ural climate

• Despite their rather small height, the Ural Mountains have a rather significant effect on climatic conditions.
• They are the boundary between different climatic zones: the temperate continental climate of the East European Plain and the continental climate of Western Siberia.
• Atlantic air masses reach the western slope of the Urals, trying to overcome it, rise higher and cool. As a result, more precipitation falls in the western part of the Urals than in the eastern part (approximately 1.5-2 times). The temperature regime also has its own characteristics. In the western part of the Urals, winters are more snowy and, accordingly, milder. In the east, snow falls less, and frosts reach 45-50 ºС.

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Ural waters

The Ural Mountains are the watershed of the rivers flowing along the West Siberian Plain and along the Russian Plain. In the Urals, rivers originate, so they are shallow.

Topic: "The Urals - the stone belt of the Russian land."

MBOU PSOSH №46 named after V.P. Astafiev

Teacher A.A. Silence

Lesson Objectives:

1. To form knowledge about the features of the geographical location, the history of development, to show the originality of the natural area;

2. Give an assessment of the natural resources of the Urals.

The Ural Mountains were called - "Riphean" (in ancient times);

Until the 18th century - "The Stone Belt of the Russian Land";

"A rock";

- "Earth belt";

The name "Ural" - from the 18th century appears in the works of Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev, a Russian geographer and historian, and displaces all the previous ones.

(textbook by I.I. Barinov-Geography-nature of Russia")

1. We disassemble fig. 99 - p. 182 and table 7

• Ural - "the stone belt of the Russian land", the border between two parts of the world: Europe and Asia.
• The length from north to south is 2500 km, from west to east from 50 to 150 km.

history of the development of the Urals. Arrange in the form of a table

ancient inhabitants

First settlements

Occupation of the inhabitants

What is created?

Statesmen, scientists and...

According to the features of nature and relief, the Urals are divided into Polar,

Subpolar, Northern, Middle, Southern.

• _-Ural is located between two tectonic structures:
• in the west - the Russian platform,
• in the east - the West Siberian plate.
• The Urals are separated from the Russian platform by the Cis-Urals
• deflection.
• Ural - mountains of Herzen folding.

Mountains consist of several chains that stretch parallel to each other in the meridional direction.

“The Ural Range is an unusual phenomenon in its geographical position. This is a separate wall, long and narrow, growing in the middle of the vast plains directly adjacent to its sole, ”wrote one of the most famous Russian geologists in the middle of the last century.

Write in notebooks: Ural-system of medium and low ridges. G. Narodnaya-1895 m.

D/ task

On the outline map:

1. Apply relief elements, rivers

2. Mark the natural resources of the Urals

In the relief of the Urals, two bands of foothills (western and eastern) and a system of mountain ranges located between them, elongated parallel to each other in a submeridional direction, are clearly distinguished.

The ridges are separated from each other by extensive depressions along which rivers flow. As a rule, ridges correspond to anticlinal folds composed of older and more durable rocks, while depressions correspond to synclinal ones.

The Ural Mountains are not high. Only some of their peaks exceed 1500 m. The highest point of the Urals is the mountain Folk(1895 m). Along the strike of the mountains, there is an alternation of elevated and lower areas, due to undulating deformations. Neogene-Quaternary about the period. This allows us to distinguish within the Urals several orographic areas, replacing each other when moving from north to south.

• Pai-Khoi stretches from the Yugorsky Shar Strait to the valley of the Kara River in a southeasterly direction. It is a separate isolated ridges and hills with heights up to 400-450 m (mountain Moreiz - 467 m), rising among the low plains.
• The Polar Ural starts from Mount Konstantinov Kamen and ends at the headwaters of the Khulga River. The ridges here have a southwestern strike, average heights are 600-800 m, but some peaks rise above 1000 m. The highest point is Mount Payer (1492 m)

The Subpolar Urals is located between the upper reaches of the Khulga River and the latitudinal segment of the Shchugor River. This is the highest part of the Urals, a mountain junction within which the mountain system changes its direction from southwestern to submeridional. It is represented by large fragmented arrays. Several peaks have heights of more than 1600 m: Mount Karpinsky (1662 m), Neroika (1646 m), Belfry (1649 m). Here is the highest point of the Urals - Mount Narodnaya.

• The Northern Ural begins with Mount Telpoziz and ends with Konzhakovsky Stone (1569 m). The height of the ridges here is less than in the Subpolar Urals and averages up to 1000 m, but increases in the northern and southern parts.

• Middle Ural stretches up the mountain Yurma. This is the lowest part of the mountains. The average heights here are 500-600 m. Only Mount Oslyanka in its northern part reaches 1119 m, all other peaks are below 1000 m. The mountains here form an arc, slightly curved to the east.
• Southern Urals starts from Mount Yurma and stretches to the southern borders of Russia. This is the widest and second highest part of the mountains. The ridges in the northern part are the highest (up to 1200-1600 m) and have a southwestern strike, which is replaced by meridional to the south. To the south, the mountains decline. The highest points are the mountains Yamantau (1638 m) and Iremel (1582 m).

• The dominant type of morphostructures of the Urals are resurrected fold-block mountains on the pre-Paleozoic and Paleozoic basis. There are morphostructures transitional from folded to platform areas: plateaus(South Ural peneplain), socle ridge hills(Pai-Khoi) and basement plains(Trans-Ural peneplain). Platform structures are represented by reservoir plains Cis-Ural marginal foredeep and plateau (Trans-Ural plateau).

Morphostructures created under the combined influence of endogenous and exogenous processes are complicated by smaller relief forms created by exogenous relief-forming processes. The imposition of various morphosculptures on morphostructures creates all the diversity of the relief of the Urals.

• As in most mountainous regions in the Urals, erosion relief. The main erosional forms here are river valleys. The Urals are characterized by the displacement of the main watershed ridge to the east of the axial part of the mountains, which is one of the manifestations of the asymmetry of the mountain structure. The most complex hydrographic pattern and the greater density of the river network are characteristic of the western slope of the mountains.

The climate of the Urals is typical mountainous; rainfall is unevenly distributed.

The West Siberian Plain is a territory with a harsh continental climate; in the meridional direction, its continentality increases much less sharply than on the Russian Plain. The climate of the mountainous regions of Western Siberia is less continental than the climate of the West Siberian Plain. Interestingly, within the same zone on the plains of the Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals, the natural conditions differ markedly. This is explained by the fact that the Ural Mountains serve as a kind of climatic barrier. To the west of them, more precipitation falls, the climate is more humid and mild; to the east, that is, beyond the Urals, there is less precipitation, the climate is drier, with pronounced continental features.

• The diversity of the soil and vegetation cover and fauna of the Urals is predetermined by the large meridional extent of the country and the relatively low heights of the mountains. The main pattern in the distribution of soils and biocomponents is latitudinal zonality. In the mountains it is complicated altitudinal zonality, and the zonal boundaries are shifted to the south. As a result of the barrier influence of the mountains in the Cis-Urals, the boundaries of natural zones pass to the south than in the Trans-Urals, and certain differences are observed in their structure.

Soils foothills are similar to the zonal soils of the adjacent plains. In the north they are tundra-gley loamy soils and tundra podburs on stony-rubbly eluvium and deluvium of bedrocks. These soils are suitable for the foothills of the mountains on the western slope up to 65 ° N, and on the eastern - only up to the polar circle. To the south, taiga soils are distributed in a wide strip - gley-podzolic, podzolic and sod-podzolic in combination with swamps. In the Cis-Urals south of Perm, they are replaced by gray forest with spots gradually increasing to the south podzolized, leached chernozems and typical. In the Trans-Urals at these latitudes, leached chernozems predominate with areas meadow-chernozem and small patches of gray forest soils. In the basin of the Sakmara River in the Cis-Urals, and in the Trans-Urals south of the Uy River, i.e. 180 - 200 km to the north, dominance in the soil cover passes to southern chernozems, changing in the southeast from chernozems to southern solonetzic and dark chestnut solonetzic soils .

• Mountain soils of all types found in the Urals have some common features. They have a shortened profile and are saturated with clastic material. The most common and diverse here are mountain forest soils: podzolic, brown-taiga, acid non-podzolized, gray forest and sod-carbonate. In the Southern Urals there are mountain chernozems. In the north and in the upper parts of the mountains are common mountain tundra soils and mountain podburs. The soil cover of the mountains is interrupted by rocky outcrops, and in some places by rocky placers.

• The Ural is quite monotonous. About 1600 species of plants take part in its formation. Of these, only 5% are endemic (kachim Ural, Helm's astragalus, needle-leaved carnation, Krasheninnikov's woodweed, Litvinov's rank, etc.). The poverty of the Urals in endemic species is explained by its middle position on the mainland, the availability for settlement and mixing of various floras that overcame the mountains without forming isolated areas. So, many Siberian coniferous tree species crossed the Urals, and the western border of their range now runs along the Russian Plain.
• Tundras are common in the far north from foothill plains to mountain peaks. Plain tundra on the slopes are replaced by mountain ones. Near the Arctic Circle, the tundra turns into an altitudinal belt that occupies the slopes and peaks of the mountains, and sparse forests approach their foothills, which already in the southern part of the Polar Urals are replaced by closed ones and rise along the slopes of the mountains up to 200-300 m.
• Forests are the most common type of vegetation. They stretch in a continuous strip along the mountain slopes of the Urals from the polar steep to the sublatitudinal segment of the Sakmara River (south of 52 ° N), and along the foothills to the Ufimsky plateau and the Yekaterinburg region. The forests of the Urals are diverse in composition: coniferous, broad-leaved, small-leaved. Coniferous forests of Siberian spruce and Scotch pine predominate. The composition of dark coniferous forests, most characteristic of the Cis-Urals and the western slopes of the mountains, includes Siberian fir and cedar. The most widespread fir-spruce forests. For the eastern slopes of the Urals are more typical pine forests. They account for about a third of all coniferous forests. Sukachev's larch is found in the northern regions, and along the eastern slopes of the mountains it reaches the southern regions of the Urals, but there are practically no pure larch forests in the Urals.
• In the southern part of the taiga of the Cis-Urals (south of 58 ° N), an admixture of broad-leaved species appears in the composition of coniferous forests: linden, Norway maple, elm, and elm. To the south, their role increases, but they often do not enter the tree layer, remaining in the undergrowth layer, and only occasionally form the second layer of the forest stand. Real coniferous-broad-leaved and broadleaf forests distributed only on the western slopes of the mountains of the Southern Urals, and they do not occupy the bottoms of intermountain basins with their temperature inversions. Widely known linden forests of Bashkiria. Here are common oak forests. However, broad-leaved forests occupy no more than 4-5% of the forested area in the Urals. There are no such forests on the eastern slope. Of the broad-leaved species, one linden comes beyond the Urals.
• Much more widely represented in the Urals small-leaved birch and birch-aspen forests. They are distributed throughout the Urals, but there are especially many of them in the South and Middle. There are native birch forests, but there are especially many secondary ones that have arisen on the site of cut down coniferous forests.
• The upper border of the forest in the Northern Urals passes at an altitude of 500-800 m, the peaks of the Middle Urals practically do not go beyond the forest belt (800-900 m), and in the Southern Urals the forest border rises to 1200 m. Above it is a narrow infracarp belt, the basis of vegetation of which is formed by low-growing sparse forests in combination with meadows. He is changing mountain tundra, and in the north - and cold bald deserts .

• The fauna of the Urals is not original. It is composed of tundra, forest and steppe animals common on neighboring plains. There are no real mountain animals within the Ural mountain country. True, the rockiness of the mountains and foothills has a certain effect on the living conditions of animals and their distribution. For example, the distribution of the northern pika (haystack) is associated with stony screes, including in the forest belt, and with chars and stony tundras - tundra partridge (up to the Southern Urals). Almost all peregrine falcon nesting sites in the Southern Urals are located on the cliffs of transverse sections of rivers, where they flow in deep rocky gorges, and much less often among the rocks of mountain peaks.
• Lemmings are numerous in the tundra of the Urals. Of the predators, the arctic fox, snowy owl, buzzard, peregrine falcon live here. Of the birds, snow bunting, Lapland plantain, red-throated pipit, and ptarmigan are common and most numerous. Mountain tundras are poorer in animals. Of the animals and birds, there are hoofed lemmings, Middendorf's vole, tundra and white partridges, golden plover, Lapland plantain.
• The forests are inhabited by elk, brown bear, wolverine, sable, marten, Siberian weasel, squirrel, chipmunk, white hare, and mole. Typical taiga birds are capercaillie, hazel grouse, black grouse, nutcracker, crossbills. Common here are redstart, whitethroat, cuckoo, titmouse, three-toed woodpecker, nuthatch. Often there are birds of prey: eagle owl, sparrow hawk, hawk owl. Forest animals are best preserved in the Northern Urals, where forests have suffered the least from human activities.
• Various rodents are numerous in the steppes - steppe marmot or marmot, reddish and small ground squirrel, steppe pika, hamster, Eversmann's hamster, etc. There are many birds of prey here - golden eagle, steppe eagle, steppe harrier, long-legged buzzard, kite, steppe kestrel. Of the small steppe birds, larks (up to a dozen species), chased wheatears are very characteristic. Of the predatory animals, the wolf, corsac fox, and steppe polecat are common.
• About half of the mammals in the Urals are commercial species. New valuable animals are also settled here - muskrat, muskrat, beaver, maral, etc.

• Of the natural resources of the Urals, its mineral resources are of paramount importance. The Urals has long been the largest mining and metallurgical base of the country. And in the extraction of some mineral ores, the Urals ranks first in the world.
• Back in the 16th century, deposits of rock salt and sandstone containing copper were known on the western outskirts of the Urals. In the 17th century, quite numerous iron deposits became known and ironworks appeared.
• Placers of gold and deposits of platinum were found in the mountains, and precious stones were found on the eastern slope. From generation to generation, the skill of searching for ore, smelting metal, making weapons and art products from it, and processing gems was passed on.
• Numerous deposits of high-quality iron ores are known in the Urals (the mountains are Magnitnaya, High, Blagodat, Kachkanar), copper ores (Mednogorsk, Karabash, Sibay, Guy), rare non-ferrous metals, gold, silver, platinum, the best bauxites in the country, rock and potassium salts (Solikamsk, Berezniki, Berezovskoye, Vazhenskoye, Ilyetskoye). There is oil in the Urals (Ishimbay), natural gas (Orenburg), coal, asbestos, precious and semi-precious stones.
• The hydropower potential of the Ural rivers (Pavlovskaya, Yumaguzinskaya, Shirokovskaya, Iriklinskaya and several small hydropower plants) remains a far from fully developed resource.

Repetition Repetition 1. Why are the Caucasus young mountains? 2. Prove that these are young mountains 3. Why do the western parts of Ciscaucasia receive more precipitation than the eastern ones? 4. What is the name of the resorts of the Caucasus, which have mineral springs? 5. In the central part of the Caucasus, glaciers occupy a large area, although the territory receives a large amount of total solar radiation during the year. How do you explain it? What is the difference between local winds - foehn and bora?

Ural The length of the Ural Mountains from south to north is 2 thousand kilometers, and from west to east from 50 to 150 kilometers. The Ural Mountains stretch from the coast of the Arctic Kara Sea to the steppes of Kazakhstan. In the east - the West Siberian Plain, in the west - the Russian Plain In ancient times, the Ural Mountains were called the Riphean Mountains, and until the 18th century, the "stone belt" (translated from Turkic, "Ural" means belt). The Ural Mountains are relatively low: only a few peaks reach a height of 1.5 thousand meters above sea level, and the highest of them (Mount Narodnaya) is 1895 meters. 1. Direction and extent 2. The borders of the Urals 3. The height of the mountains 4. How does it affect the nature of the Urals, its length from north to south for 2000 km?

The Urals The Urals are separated from the Russian platform by the Pre-Ural trough, which consists of sedimentary rocks (clay, sand, gypsum, limestone). The Ural Mountains were formed in PZ, but in MZ they were almost completely destroyed. Separate parts of the Urals rose during the KZ (Neogene). But even these folded-blocky Ural Mountains were destroyed as a result of external forces (weathering and erosion). Find Mineral deposits: -iron ores: Magnitogorsk, Kachkanarskoye, Khalilovskoye -Copper ores: Krasnouralskoye, Gayskoye, Sibaevskoye - gold: Berezovskoye -Asbestos: Bazhenovskoye -Oil: Ishimbai -Coal: Pechorsky, Kizelovsky

Urals Urals Minerals Western slope Eastern slope gentle Geological structure igneous, metamorphic steep sedimentary Oil, gas, coal, phosphorites, potassium salts Iron, copper, nickel, manganese ores, gold, graphite, bauxite, asbestos

1. The climate of the Urals is diverse. Why? 2. Determine the average temperatures of January and July in the Northern (Polar) and Southern Urals. 3. Why does the western slopes of the mountains receive more precipitation than the eastern ones? 5. How do climatic conditions change with altitude? 4. In what climatic zone and region are the Ural Mountains located?

Climate of the Urals Climate of the Urals Despite their relatively low altitude, the Ural Mountains have a significant effect on climatic conditions. They are the boundary between different climatic zones: the temperate continental climate of the East European Plain and the continental climate of Western Siberia. Atlantic air masses reach the western slope of the Urals, trying to overcome it, rise higher and cool. As a result, more precipitation falls in the western part of the Urals than in the eastern part (approximately 1.5-2 times). The temperature regime also has its own characteristics. In the western part of the Urals, winters are more snowy and, accordingly, milder. In the east, snow falls less, and frosts reach ºС.

Ural Waters of the Urals The Ural Mountains are the watershed of the rivers flowing through the West Siberian Plain and the Russian Plain. In the Urals, rivers originate, so they are shallow. Name the rivers. Pechora Shchuchya, Northern Sosva, Tavda, Tura, Iset, Mias Kama, Belaya, Ufa, Chusovaya Which ocean basins are rivers? How to provide the industrial cities of the Urals with water? Construction of ponds and reservoirs There are few lakes in the Urals, they are tectonic, karst in origin
Homework Homework Paragraph 32, On the contour map, select 5 parts of the Urals 2. Mark the highest points of the Urals 3. Mark the minerals of the Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals. Give a comparative description of the Southern and Polar Urals.

Tikhonov Vladimir

The presentation material can be used in the lessons of the world around this topic. The presentation tells about the location of the Ural Mountains, their structure, rivers and lakes, climate, wildlife, natural resources.

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URAL - STONE BELT OF RUSSIA Lesson on OM for a student of the 4B class of secondary school No. 605 of St. Petersburg Tikhonov Vladimir (teacher Bushueva V.Yu.)

"Ural" in Bashkir - belt There is a Bashkir tale about a giant who wore a belt with deep pockets. He hid all his wealth in them. The belt was huge. Once a giant stretched it, and the belt lay across the whole earth, from the cold Kara Sea in the north to the sandy shores of the southern Caspian Sea. This is how the Ural Range was formed.

The stone belt of the Urals stretches for more than 2500 km from the shores of the Arctic Ocean in the north to the semi-desert regions of Kazakhstan in the south. The Ural stretches between the East European and West Siberian plains, is located at the junction of Europe and Asia and is the border between these regions.

The Ural Mountains are divided into five parts: Polar Urals Subpolar Urals Northern Urals Middle Urals Southern Urals

The Polar Ural is the northernmost part of the Ural Mountains. The area is about 25,000 km². It is separated from the Subpolar Urals by the Khulga River. An active branch of the Northern Railway passes through one of the valleys. Polar Ural

The Subpolar Urals is a mountain system in Russia, stretching from the headwaters of the Lyapin (Khulga) River in the north to Mount Telposiz ("The Nest of the Winds") (altitude about 1617 m) in the south. Subpolar Urals

Lakes of the Subpolar Urals Mountain lakes are mainly of the glacial type. 499 reservoirs are located at an altitude of 500 to 1000 m above sea level - the deepest (28 m) is Lake Torgovoe.

Lakes of the Subpolar Urals Above 1000 m there are only 68 lakes, and among them the deepest (38 m) is Lake Mansi. The water in the lakes is very clean, transparent, colorless, slightly mineralized.

The Northern Urals stretches from Kosvinsky Kamen to the banks of the Shchugor River. The Northern Urals The Northern Urals is one of the most remote and inaccessible regions of the Urals. Bear Corner - this is the name of one of its peaks.

The massifs of the Middle Urals are much lower, usually not higher than 600-800 m. There are relatively few lakes, but here are the sources of the Pechora and Ural rivers. Middle Ural

The name "South Ural" is also accepted as the unofficial name of the Chelyabinsk region. The Southern Ural is the widest southern part of the Ural Mountains. Southern Urals

Rivers Rivers belong to the basins of the Arctic Ocean: Pechora, Usa, Tobol, Iset, Tura, Lozva, Northern Sosva; and the Caspian Sea: Kama, Chusovaya, Belaya, Ural.

The climate of the Urals is typical mountainous; rainfall is unevenly distributed. The climate is very diverse, as all zones possess. Ural climate

Fauna A couple of centuries ago, the animal world was richer than it is now. Plowing, hunting, deforestation have displaced and destroyed the habitats of many animals. Wild horses, saigas disappeared

bustard bustards

Herds of deer migrated deep into the tundra. But rodents (hamsters, field mice) spread on the plowed lands

Forests are inhabited by predators: brown bears, wolves, foxes, wolverines, sables, ermines, lynxes

Ungulates are found in them: roe deer, elk, deer

Countless treasures lie in the Ural mountains And the “Mistress of the Copper Mountain” guards them

The Mistress of the Copper Mountain lives in the underground halls of the Ural gems if she wants to - she will turn into a green lizard, she will cry - the emeralds are dripping.

Natural resources cobalt potash salt rock salt gold platinum gems forest resources asbestos zinc copper ores iron ores

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Class: 8

Presentation for the lesson

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Lesson Objectives:

• Educational- to acquaint students with the uniqueness of the PTK Ural and compare it with the Caucasus.
• Educational- to continue the development of the ability to determine the geographical position; to improve the generalized cartographic method of reading conventional signs.
• Educational- generate interest in the topic being studied; ecological thinking; cultivate respect for the environment.

Lesson type: a lesson in improving knowledge, skills and abilities, learning new material.

Type of lesson: lesson-journey using a computer.

Forms and methods of the lesson: individual work, pair work, heuristic conversation, messages

Means of education: atlases, slides, computer, interactive whiteboard.

Concepts: Ural, names of minerals and rocks.

Nomenclature: Deposits of iron ores - Magnitogorsk, Kachkanorsk, copper ores - Krasnouralsk, Gayskoye, gold - Berezovskoye, asbestos - Bazhenovskoye, salt - Verkhnekamskoye, Sol-Iletskoye, oil - Ishembaysky.

Lesson plan:

1. Organizational moment.
2. Checking homework.
3. Learning a new topic:
3.1 Geographic location
3.2. Relief, geological development
3.3. Climate
3.4. Inland waters
3.5. Natural resources
4. Consolidation and withdrawal.
5. Homework.

DURING THE CLASSES

1. Organizational moment

2. Checking homework on the topic “Caucasus”

3. Learning a new topic

There is already a link in your chain of knowledge about the Caucasus Mountains (Slide 2 - image of the chain). Let's continue exploring the mountains. “Only mountains can be better than mountains ...” - the epigraph of today's lesson. Topic: "The Urals - the stone belt of the Russian land." The purpose of the lesson: To get acquainted with the uniqueness of the PTK of the Urals and compare it with the Caucasus (Slide 3 - the topic of the lesson).
Let's recall the plan for characterizing the study of the PTK and fill in the information about the Caucasus in the table. Working with an interactive whiteboard (Slide 4)

Teacher: Guys, what do you know about the Urals? (Mountain country, length 2000 km, border between Europe and Asia)(Slide 5).

– And today we will continue to fill the link with new knowledge.

1. The name of the mountain

Teacher: Ancient authors called these mountains Rifian, “Stone”, “Earth Belt”, “Stone Belt of the Russian Land” - this is how the Urals were called until the 18th century. The name Ural first appears in the works of the Russian historian and geographer Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev and replaces all previous names. What does this word mean: “Ur” in Mansi, and “ure” in Evenki means “mountain”, in Turkic “belt” (students write in notebooks). The Ural, which has a length of 2000 km, is not only a mountain, but a whole mountainous country, a mountain belt.

2. We determine the geographical position of the Ural Mountains. To do this, recall the plan for determining the geographical location. (Students work with atlases and an interactive map)
- In what direction are the Ural Mountains stretched?
- How can the nature of the Urals be affected by its elongation for ... km.
- Determine on the map 5 peaks of the Urals and its height? (Slide 7)

3. Relief and geological development. The Urals is located between two tectonic structures: Russian ... and West Siberian ...
The Ural was formed in the ancient Paleozoic - in the Hercynian period, in the Mesozoic it was almost completely destroyed. In the Neogene - Quaternary time, individual blocks were raised. Then again weathering. The destruction of the mountains revealed rich mineral deposits, made them available for development.

(Teacher's story)(Slide 8)

4. The climate of the Urals is diverse. Why?

Map task:

1. Determine the average January temperature in the north of the Urals.
2. Average temperature in the south of the Urals.
3. Average July temperature in the north of the Urals.
4. The average temperature in the south of the Urals (slide 8)

Practical work of students on maps of the atlas(Slide 9)

• The mountains are stretched for 2000 km. in the meridional direction and the northern part of the Urals is located beyond the Arctic Circle and receives much less solar radiation than the southern
• Differences in moistening of the western and eastern slopes.
• In any mountains, climatic conditions change with height.

5. Inland waters

The Ural is a watershed of current rivers, along the West Siberian Plain and along the Russian Plain. Find on the map the rivers flowing from the Ural Mountains.

Students mark major rivers and lakes on a contour map.(Slide 10).

Messages-presentations about the Chusovaya River, lakes Turgoyak and Zyuratkul are heard.

6. Natural resources of the Urals

Soviet poet Alexander Tvardovsky wrote:

Ural! The supporting edge of the state,
Her earner and blacksmith,
The same age as our ancient glory
And glory to the current creator ...

4. Brainstorm: Why did this particular region receive such a high title: “The stronghold of the state, its miner and blacksmith?” (Students' opinions are heard)

The Urals is the underground pantry of the country, about one thousand varieties of minerals have been found here and over 12 thousand mineral deposits have been taken into account.
The main wealth of the Urals is ores, and complex ones, with an admixture of titanium, vanadium, nickel, chromium, and copper ores with an admixture of zinc, gold, silver.
The Northern Urals are rich in forest resources, the Southern Urals are rich in soil, agro-climatic, but there are not enough water resources. The Urals are rich in recreational resources. (Slide 13)
Tourists are attracted not only by beautiful places, picturesque lakes, but also by the only Ilmensky mineralogical reserve. (student presentation)

5. Conclusions. Return to the purpose of the lesson. Checking the table "Comparative characteristics of the Caucasus and the Urals." (Slide 14)

6. Reflection. The journey is over. Did you like it? What have you learned?

7. Homework (slide 15)