First lesson in elementary school
"We are the Young Guard"
Development of a primary school teacher Struk N.M.
Target: expand children's ideas about the Great Patriotic War; to promote the formation in children of a sense of belonging to the history and responsibility for the future of the country; to form a positive attitude towards such qualities as patriotism, selflessness, the desire to protect the Motherland.
Decoration and equipment of the class: military illustrations, drawings; videos, presentation.
During the classes
Teacher: “Children of War” is what your generation is called. You heard the explosions of shells, firing from machine guns and sniper rifles, you hid in the cellars. But we believe that soon this will stop and a peaceful happy childhood will come.
Back in 1941, the same boys and girls lived. They dreamed, they were friends, they loved. Just like you, we believed in a happy future. But for all of them, their childhood ended on one terrible day - June 22, 1941.
At students read poems, the soundtrack of the song “Holy War” sounds (music by A. Alexandrova, sl. Lebedev-Kumach)
1 reader .
Childhood passed, strawberries ripened ...
The day promised us silence.
And it was absurd and wild
That suddenly declared war.
We were expecting guests. Our mother,
Started to work at the table,
stared so straight ahead
And she couldn't hold back her tears.
2 reader .
And pain of great growth
The alarm went up like a scream.
And it was not easy for us children
Understand this grief language.
The war was looming.
Native blood swirled ...
Strawberries on a forgotten platter
It oozed like scarlet blood.
Teacher: Further - the howling of sirens, bombings, shelters, burned, ruined houses, the loss of loved ones, work on a par with adults. And passionate expectation of victory. Many of them not only expected victory, but also fought for it.
Among them were the boys and girls of the city of Krasnodon, who in the fall of 1942 created the underground organization "Young Guard".
What were they like? Why did they, not for a moment doubting their rightness, accept martyrdom?
(show presentation)
Librarian: On July 20, 1942, Krasnodon was captured by the Nazis. The Nazis established their "order". A council was created, a labor exchange, the police were introduced, the Gestapo arrived. Immediately after arrival, mass arrests of communists and Komsomol members began. On the streets of Krasnodon, on the walls of houses, orders of the invaders appeared.
“For disobedience to the new order, execution.”
“For evading the surrender of weapons - execution.
“For non-appearance for registration - execution.
“For listening to the radio - execution.
“For appearing on the streets after 18-00 - execution”.
“For sabotage in the mines - execution.
The orders were followed by massacres.
On September 29, 1942, in the city park of the city of Krasnodon, the Nazis buried 32 miners alive, who sabotaged the operation of the mines.
Fight! This thought arose simultaneously among many young men and women who found themselves in the captured Krasnodon. But how? Already in October, the underground Komsomol youth organization "Young Guard" began to operate. The goal was to fight enemy propaganda, confront the Germans in all their activities, and armed struggle.The age of the underground workers is 15-17 years. The organization consisted of about 100 people.The organizers of the Krasnodon Komsomol underground were Viktor Tretyakevich, Ivan Turkenich, Oleg Koshevoy, Ivan Zemnukhov, Ulyana Gromova, Sergey Tyulenin, Lyubov Shevtsova and others.
Each Young Guard took an oath in his readiness to give his life for victory.
Fragment of the film "The Oath".
Teacher:
What did these boys and girls do?
Librarian: Their first activity was the distribution of leaflets with truthful information about the offensive operations of the Red Army. The Young Guards attacked Hitler's cars, and in order to save young people from being sent to work in Germany, they burned the stock exchange with all documents and names.
They broke the telephone connection, burned a lot of stacks of bread when the invaders tried to take grain out of Krasnodon, the Young Guards recaptured 500 heads of cattle, which were prepared for shipment to Germany ... And on the holiday of the 25th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, on all major buildings In the city, they hung red Soviet flags, and put up signs - “Mined”, because of which the Germans were afraid to take off their banners for a long time.
Teacher: And this is the smallest list of the merits of the Young Guard. It is known that from the day the first leaflet appeared in the city, signed with the short and proud name “Young Guard”, the entire Krasnodon city police was put on its feet. The Nazis scoured the whole city, suspiciously sniffed at everyone they met. But to attack the trail of unknown daredevils did not succeed. Meanwhile, more and more news came: someone hung a red flag on the pile driver of the N1-bis mine, someone attacked the sentries guarding the prisoner of war camp, someone laid a mine on the road leading to Lugansk. A German convoy with ammunition ran into a mine and explosions roared on the outskirts for two days.
Now imagine that these partisans were only 14 to 20!
Librarian: The youth organization “Young Guard”, which operated in Krasnodon from October 1942 to January 1943, existed for only three months. Let's think for a minute: how much can you do in three months? What can be done in three months?
They lived ... and every day they lived was a feat! The Germans would never have been able to declassify the underground, if not for the traitor Vasily Podtynny.
Tonya Ivanikhina was the first to be arrested that night. She was dragged right out of bed, not even allowed to get dressed. In one shirt, Tonya was driven around the city in an open sleigh until dawn.
By morning, eighteen young guards of the village were brought to the police. At the same time, arrests of underground workers were going on in the city. Four police cells were packed to capacity.Then the worst began.
The most cruel mockeries were put into action by the Nazis in order to force the courageous underground workers to speak. The Young Guards were beaten in their cells, tortured during interrogations, whipped in the corridors. But they survived, did not surrender their comrades. Even when the Molodogvardeytsev were being taken to be shot in a tarpaulin-covered car, a song was muffled from it.
Teacher: On January 15, 16 and 31, 1943, the occupiers, partly alive, partly shot, threw 71 people into the pit of mine No. 5, among whom were both Young Guardsmen and members of the underground party organization. On February 9, Oleg Koshevoy and Lyuba Shevtsova were shot in the city of Rovenki in the Rattlesnake Forest.
Let's remember everyone by name
We will remember with grief our ...
This is needed - not the dead,
It must be alive
Video film "It was in Krasnodon".
Teacher: 1 4 February 1943 cityaRovenki and Krasnodon were liberated in partsRedBUTrmii. The doors of the dungeons opened, the population began to look for their loved ones and relatives, many went to the Thundering Forest, looking for the tormented bodies of brutally tortured patriots.
For 10 days, with a huge gathering of people, the miners removed the bodies of the dead young guards from the pit of mine No. 5. They were all buried in a mass grave. Survivors Ivan Turkenich, Valya Borts, Zhora Arutyunyants, Olya and Nina Ivantsovs, Radik Yurkin were present there.
The names of 56 dead Komsomol members are carved on the grave.
Teacher: A majestic monument to the fallen heroes of the “Young Guard” was erected in a dense shady park in the very center of Krasnodon. At the foot of it rise mountains of fresh flowers. People from all over the country come here to bow to the ashes of brave young men and women who selflessly loved their homeland, their people. Having given their lives for the happiness of the people, they gained immortality.
Read to the brim.
They stand frozen
Not yet men
Not even boys anymore.
Soldiers permanent
They stand both during the day and in the evening.
They have immortality in their eyes
Great and eternal.
Guys, let's honor the young guards with a moment of silence.
1 reader .
Young beardless heroes!
You have remained young forever
Before your suddenly revived formation
We stand without raising our eyelids.
Pain and anger is now the reason
Eternal gratitude to all of you
Little tough men
Girls worthy of poetry.
2 reader .
How many of you? Try to enumerate
Do not count, but anyway, anyway
You are with us today, in our thoughts,
In every song, the slight rustle of the leaves,
Quietly knocking on the window.
Librarian:
We know all the fearless heroes.
We kneel before the memory of the fallen,
And flowers fall on granite slabs ...
Yes, no one is forgotten, and nothing is forgotten...
Teacher: Guys why uscalled "Young Guard"? What is the meaning of this phrase? (children's answers)
You, the younger generation, must know your history, honor the memory of the heroes of your country, give all your strength for the happiness of other people.
A lesson in courage on the 70th anniversary of the formation of the youth underground organization "Young - page No. 1/1
A LESSON IN COURAGE(70th anniversary of the formation of the youth underground organization
"Young Guard" is dedicated to)
Introductory speech by the Deputy Director for VR Bogomolova N.N.
(A song about Krasnodon sounds)
How it lives in us, without breaking out, a groan,
For so long, Krasnodon has been hurting in our hearts.
We have not all been there, but he tormented us,
Like a stuck piece of lead -
And they were not thrown into the pit, but into our hearts,
In our memory that hurts us to the end.
In the heroic chronicle of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people against the Nazi invaders, the feat of the young underground workers of Krasnodon, members of the Young Guard Komsomol organization, shines like an unfading page.
Who were they? What were our Krasnodon boys and girls from the distant forties like?
Why did they, not for a moment doubting their rightness, accept martyrdom? Why are they, having a choice: I or the Motherland chose the Motherland...!?
Time moves, erases the corners of memories, heals wounds, evens out mental upheavals. And there is as much natural in this as sometimes
annoying and bitter.
But like a sprout through the asphalt, a harsh but fair truth breaks through:
What is marked with the seal of immortality, all together: is not subject to oblivion.
It will live forever, always excite the minds of all subsequent generations.
Let's pass through ourselves today the current of time, the high voltage of Memory, which will allow us to touch their feat - with our hearts.
Song "I call them from immortality" Postnikova Anna
Krasnodon is a small Ukrainian town, one of the district centers of the region, which is now called Luhansk, and was previously called Voroshilovgrad. And this region is traditionally called Donbass. Coal is mined in numerous mines of Donbass.
Donbass is a land of miners, physically and spiritually strong people, accustomed to hard and dangerous work, proud, appreciating camaraderie and collectivism. Among such people, the future Young Guards grew up.
People from all over the country, Ukrainians, Russians, Moldavians, Armenians, went to work in the mines of Donbass... The Samoshin, Minaev, Polyansky, Tyulenin families came to Krasnodon from the Oryol region. The Turkenich family came here from the Voronezh region with their one-year-old son Ivan...
The city of Krasnodon and the nearby villages - Krasnodon, Pervomaika, Izvarino - lived a single working life. The guys and girls of the city and villages knew each other, they had common interests and hobbies. Capable, purposeful, the guys had different talents. The young technician Tolya Orlov was nicknamed "Only the Engineer". Lyuba Shevtsova, an excellent dancer and singer, was called "Lubka the Artist". Stepan Safonov was fond of astronomy and dreamed of that amazing time when a person could go on a space journey. Lida Androsova devoted all her leisure time to sewing and embroidery. Serezha Tyulenin dreamed of becoming a pilot, but for now he bred thoroughbred pigeons. Oleg Koshevoy and Ivan Zemnukhov wrote poetry...
And when the war began, they, who had not yet reached the age of defenders of the Fatherland, fought for their homeland on the labor front: they worked at the state farm, in the mines, in the military hospital, which was then in Krasnodon, in the Central Electromechanical Workshops ...
And some of tomorrow's young guards, those who were older, fought in the ranks of the Red Army. The officer was the future commander of the "Young Guard" Ivan Turkenich. He was surrounded, returned home, to Krasnodon, where he and his comrades were to perform a feat in the name of the Fatherland ...
In the summer of 1942, Krasnodon was occupied. German soldiers behaved in the city like masters. Having settled in a house they liked, they forced the tenants to huddle in a barn. They robbed without any hesitation. And so that the population would not grumble, strict military orders were established from the very first days. The order of the German commandant read:
Reader: "For disobedience to the new order, execution."
Reader: "For evading the surrender of weapons - execution."
Reader: "For failure to appear for registration - execution."
Reader: "For listening to the radio - execution."
Reader: "For appearing on the streets after 18-00 - execution."
Reader: "For sabotage in the mines - execution."
A few weeks later, on September 29, the whole city was shocked by the unheard-of atrocity of the occupiers. And although it was performed under the cover of night, the whole city knew about it. 32 Krasnodon residents were buried alive in the city park. Among them are miners and Soviet employees, people whom the whole of Krasnodon knew and respected. Their hands were tightly wrapped in wire. The young woman was buried alive along with the baby. Among the dead were those who were left in Krasnodon to organize resistance to the invaders.
The fascist executioners hoped to intimidate the Krasnodontsy. But they miscalculated. Silent indignation at the so-called "new order" turned into heroic resistance. The youth of Krasnodon and the surrounding villages had secretly discussed the possibility of a struggle before. But many made their final decision precisely when they learned about the execution of thirty-two patriots. From this tragic night, one can count the history of the "Young Guard" of Krasnodon. Scattered youth groups quickly united into a large organization of more than a hundred people. Under these conditions, the headquarters of the youth organization was elected: Ivan Turkenich, Oleg Koshevoy, Viktor Tretyakevich, Vasily Levashov. Later, Lyubov Shevtsova and Ulyana Gromova were brought into the headquarters. Sergei Tyulenin proposed to name the organization "Young Guard".
Joining the ranks of the Young Guard, young men and women took a solemn oath.
The war cracked even the demographics,
And in forty - thrice cursed year,
In schoolchildren's biographies,
It brought confusion and leapfrog.
Measuring life in other quantities,
Straight into the adult world
Becoming almost seasoned men,
About youth without remembering for a moment.
What is their doom? They are higher than death.
In the graves, everyone lined up in a detachment.
Don't think the dead can't hear
When the living talk about them.
In total, the Youth Guard youth organization existed for less than three months, operating in Krasnodon from October 1942 to January 1943. Let's think for a minute: how much can you do in three months? What can be done in three months?
The "Young Guard" established contact with the "adult", communist, underground, and then with the partisans. Everything here was organized according to the military principle: commander, commissar, headquarters, messengers ... And it was impossible to work underground without observing conspiracy, because for any action taken by the Young Guards, one could pay with one's life. Every day of the life of the Young Guard was a feat. Having secretly collected several radio receivers, the guys listened to and recorded the reports of the Sovinformburo, so that later they could print leaflets and distribute them around the city. The Young Guard even created their own printing house - they collected letters - fonts on the ruins of the city printing house, they themselves invented the composition of the paint, got hold of paper ...
The invaders hoped to take advantage of the gifts of the generous land. But the heroes of the underground burned the grain intended for shipment to Germany. Thanks to sabotage in the mines and on the railway, during the entire occupation, the Nazis did not take a single train with coal to Germany ...
The Young Guard organized escapes for prisoners of war and helped them go to the partisans ...
And on the eve of the holiday of November 7 - the day of the Great October Socialist Revolution - the Young Guards at night strengthened red flags on the most prominent buildings in the city. The city rejoiced - underground workers are fighting the invaders! The occupying authorities were angry, but they did not decide to remove the flags right away: next to the flags there were signs: “Minated”.
Since December 1942, the Gorky Club has become the headquarters of the underground. It was during concerts and rehearsals that the guys discussed plans for military operations.
In all the occupied territories, the Nazis created the so-called "labor exchanges", through which civilians were deported to Germany to certain death. The Young Guards decided that they would not allow the invaders to drive Krasnodontsy into German slavery.
On the evening of December 5, 1942, a concert was organized for German soldiers. On the night of December 6, 1942, the underground set fire to the labor exchange with ready-made lists of young people to be sent to Germany.
In the second half of December 1942, the retreat of the German troops, defeated on the Volga, began. Day and night, long carts stretched through Krasnodon. Joy filled the hearts of Krasnodontsev, the end of the “new order” was approaching. The Germans did their best to hide their defeats at the front. But the Young Guard posted leaflets that told about the losses suffered by the enemy, which cities were liberated.
But the enemy was still strong. By the end of 1942, the "Young Guard" did not give rest to the Nazis and their accomplices. The German command, concerned about her activities, sent Gestapo special forces to Krasnodon, who were ordered to clear the rear of the partisans.
The Young Guards were preparing for the most important operation - an armed uprising in order to come to the aid of the Red Army during the liberation of Krasnodon. But the young avengers did not have to meet the Red Army, because there was a traitor in their ranks.
“I found traces of an underground youth organization and became a member. When I got to know its leaders, I am writing a statement to you. I ask you to come to my apartment, I will tell you everything in detail ... ”- wrote this text under the dictation of his stepfather, a former White Guard officer, police agent, traitor Pocheptsov.
As soon as the arrests began, Sergei Tyulenin, at the risk of being arrested, ran around all the guys and warned everyone.
The Young Guards were ordered to immediately leave the city in small groups to the appointed places and from there to make their way to the partisan detachment. But the guys had to return to Krasnodon, as there were German patrols at every step. They grabbed all the suspicious ones.
The Gestapo subjected the arrested young guards to inhuman torture. But they persevered. None of them betrayed their comrades. In the fascist dungeon, the communists, their senior comrades, were an example of courage and stamina for the Young Guard.
The culprit behind the arrest of Oleg Koshevoy was an old man - a former kulak, to whom Oleg asked to spend the night. The police brutally beat Oleg. He was thrown into the cell already unconscious. After frequent interrogations and torture, upon regaining consciousness, he told his comrades that one must be steadfast to the end and die with dignity. At the last interrogation before the execution, Oleg said: “Don’t ask me about the work of the Young Guard, I won’t say a word. And also remember: you will never put the Soviet youth on their knees - they die standing.
Sergei Tyulenin's mother Alexandra Vasilievna was also arrested. At the fourth interrogation, she saw her Seryozha. The bloody rags barely covered the thin body, the bridge of the nose was broken. And then there was the worst. Son was tortured in front of his mother. The red-hot rod almost entered Serezha's sore arm. In order not to scream, the mother cringed all over, clenched her teeth... Then a 53-year-old woman was beaten in front of her son. Mother and son were silent. Then two policemen grabbed Seryozha, dragged him to the door, and began to poke his fingers into the cracks.
Close your ears, mother, - Seryozha asked. - Our people will come, they will take revenge on the bastards for everything.
Serezha screamed terribly. Alexandra Vasilievna lost consciousness.
To get the confessions they needed, the Nazis carved a five-pointed star on Uli Gromova's back, but failed to break the will of the brave patriot.
Ivan Zemnukhov was blinded during the beating, fragments of glasses pierced his eyes ... ".. There is no strength to list their torment further ...
When the tribunal tried the war criminal Otto Schoen, he testified and told terrible things: “The prisoners were beaten until they lost consciousness, their legs and arms were broken, then they were doused with cold water and thrown into a punishment cell; they pretended to be executed by hanging, and then the half-suffocated were taken out of the noose, and other tortures were also used. The bodies of the arrested young guards were completely covered in bruises and abrasions. The torment of the Young Guards was intensified by the fact that we starved them. I did not spend a single kilogram of bread on all those arrested, not to mention other food products, although we kept them for 10-12 days. They weren't even given water.
Music "Adagio"
The main thing is to survive!
Do you hear? Stand!
Heart like shots
Loud shots.
Whose brown is this
Tears filled?
Do these cameras remind you of something?
Be you persistent
Be calm.
Hear, hear
They hit armor-piercing.
Spit in the face of executioners and traitors.
Don't let them make fun of you.
The main thing is to survive!
Do you hear? Stand!
They, the executioners, cannot stand your views.
The main thing is to survive!
The main thing is to survive!
The walls near the cell are spattered with blood.
The walls are like a place to say goodbye to loved ones.
Host: It is not the execution itself that is terrible. She is a moment. The terrible thing is that up to this moment a person lives his death tens, hundreds, thousands of times. And these thousands of times when he dies in his imagination are unbearable.
Our cameras, not parade marches,
They will become for you like notebook leaves,
Where goodbye relatives and heirs
You will draw the last lines.
A blizzard wanders around the city like a mistress.
A homeless dog howls - she is chilly.
The street looks through window eyes.
Our boys are rebellious.
On January 15, 16 and 31, 1943, the exhausted Young Guardsmen were taken to the pit of mine No. 5 for execution. All of them were tormented, mutilated, half-dressed and undressed. Groups drove them into the dilapidated building of the mine bath. They continued to beat and torture them, hoping to extract a confession. But even at the death line, the Young Guards were adamant, as they were during interrogations. They were shot at the edge of the pit, and some were thrown alive into a 53-meter pit.
Frame "Execution"
Our boys are going to immortality...
Countless snowflakes from the dark sky
They fall, melting on the faces of the exhausted.
Only the moon, lurking behind the clouds
Seen:
Holding tight in an embrace,
Spitting curses into the faces of the Nazis,
Unbowed by the pangs of hunger
With a song that flew like a bird over the city
Half alive but solid
They fell, they fell song-proud.
Only hills, centennial old men
Heard pistol salvos in the night.
They fell into the pit, she is proud, sick,
Boys, boys, hurt me, hurt me
To hide the traces of crimes, the executioners filled up the pit with stones and iron. For several days, groans were heard from under the ground. The weeping of mothers did not subside over Krasnodon.
Soon the Red Army occupied the city. Krasnodontsy came to the pit, where young patriots were shot. Numbly, they stood. Near the walls of the dilapidated bathhouse are the remnants of bloody clothes, combs, handkerchiefs ... And again unbearable dark days. Hundreds of eyes follow the bucket, which goes deep into the pit. And so she goes up. Another mutilated body... The Young Guards were hard to recognize. They lay mutilated, some had stars carved into their chests. Mothers looked for signs of their children and recognized them by them. And so day after day for two weeks!
Oleg Koshevoy was not among the executed Young Guards. Only on March 19, his corpse was found in the Rovno forest. At sixteen, he was completely gray-haired. The Germans gouged out Oleg's left eye and burned the number of his Komsomol card on his chest. Oleg was buried on March 20 in Rovenki on the central square. Together with him, the Young Guards Lyuba Shevtsova, Vitaly Subbotin, Semyon Ostapenko, Dima Ogurtsov were laid down.
March 1, 1943 Krasnodon said goodbye to his heroes. They were buried with military honors in a mass grave in the central square of the city.
The surviving Young Guards and soldiers of the Red Army over the grave of young patriots swore an oath to avenge them.
Did you bequeath them to die, Motherland?
Life promised, love promised, Motherland?
Are children born for death, Motherland?
Did you want them dead, Motherland?
The flame hit the sky - do you remember, Motherland?
Quietly she said: Get up to help ... ”- Motherland.
No one asked for glory from you, Motherland.
Everyone simply had a choice: Me or the Motherland!
Eternal glory to the heroes!
Glory to the heroes, glory!
Music "Vocalise".
But why is it to them, this glory - to the dead?
Why is it for them, this glory, - the fallen?
All living things are saved.
We didn't save ourselves.
Why is it for them, this glory to the dead? ..
If the lightning in the clouds splashes hot
And the huge sky will be deafened by thunder,
If all the people of the world shout, -
None of the dead even flinch.
I know that the sun will not splash into empty eye sockets.
I know: the song of heavy graves will not open!
But in the name of the heart
On behalf of life we repeat:
All: Eternal glory to the heroes!!!
Minute of silence "Metronome"
It would seem that this is the end of the story...
But still, something hurts the soul, does not let go of the memory ...
Without historical memory, the heart hardens, the soul hardens, the Motherland is lost.
After execution, torture and interrogation
The Nazis did not break them, they could not.
I often ask myself the question:
“We, today, could we do this?”
We, the generation of the 21st century, have no right to cowardice because we know the example of life, the example of the struggle and unbending will of the immortal heroes of the Young Guard. This obliges us to be worthy of their memory.
Reader_
We told you a story from the terrible past of our country, because we wanted you, like them, to love life, your loved ones, your homeland. So that you know at what cost we got this world, a world without wars and the death of millions of people.
To know!
To remember!
Song "Light of Eternal Flame" ("School Stories")
"Young guard"
Dear children, in 2010 our country will celebrate the great holiday of the 65th anniversary of the Victory of our people in the Great Patriotic War. Today we are holding a reader's conference as part of this significant date. And I would like to turn to you, the descendants of those who fought on the battlefields of the Great Patriotic War, with a question. Do you know the names of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Guli Koroleva, Alexander Matrosov?
Meanwhile, twenty years ago, every schoolchild knew by heart the names of these heroes - participants in the Great Patriotic War. Books have been written about their exploits, films have been made, monuments have been erected to them. Before the war, these were the most ordinary girls and boys: a Moscow schoolgirl and a student of a trade technical school, a children's film actress and a tenth grade graduate, a secretary of the Komsomol school committee and a pupil of an orphanage. But when the war came, they forgot about all their plans, dreams and hopes and became scouts, pilots, tankers, medical instructors, went into partisans. They were united by a sincere love for the Motherland and a desire to do everything possible to win, even at the cost of their own lives.
Why does the present generation have little or nothing to say about those who gave their lives for life on earth?
How can such ignorance be explained: unwillingness to read or unwillingness to know about the past of one's country?
We have read A. Fadeev's novel "The Young Guard" and watched the film of the same name by S. Gerasimov.
Let's remember what question the Young Guards constantly ask each other in the first days of the German occupation? (How are you going to live on?) What is the meaning of this question?
The occupation of Krasnodon lasted a little over six months. In mid-February, the city was liberated. What prevented the young guards from doing nothing, but to sit still and wait for the approach of the Red Army and not create any organization? Why did they need it?
The youngest member of the organization, Radik Yurkin, was only 14 years old. Commissar of the "Young Guard" Oleg Koshevoy is 16. We know that war is, first of all, the business of adults, men. Why do children and teenagers join the fight against enemies?
The Germans subjected the Young Guard to especially sophisticated tortures, beat their mothers, sisters, loved ones and became brutal before their eyes, and toughened interrogations and torture every day, and even executed them at night. Why did they do it? What were the executioners trying to prove?
(They were powerless in their desire to break and bring to their knees the youth - the future of the people).
Did the actors who played in the film "Young Guard" succeed in conveying the spirit of the novel and the character of the Young Guard?
Of the entire organization, only eleven Young Guards survived. Among them is Nina Ivantsova, a staff liaison officer, who voluntarily joined the Soviet Army and participated in the storming of Berlin. On one of the walls of the Reichstag, next to her name, she put the names of Oleg Koshevoy, Sergei Tyulenin and Ulyana Gromova. How would you explain this act of Nina?
Does the generation of young guards differ from you, today's youth, and if so, how?
Once, the following statement was printed in the American magazine Colliers: “We must ensure that in the coming war with Russia there is no Young Guard, no Kosmodemyanskaya and Matrosov. There is a way for this: we must belittle the feat of boys and girls born and who grew up precisely under Soviet rule, to deprive them of the halo of national heroes of the great Fatherland.” In your opinion, did this wish of American ideologists and politicians be realized? Who or what contributed to this?
What new things did you discover for yourself after watching the film "Young Guard"?
In Krasnodon, the memory of the dead young guards is tremblingly guarded by the inhabitants of the city. The Young Guard Museum has been operating in the city for many years. Chuvashova Elena Vladimirovna visited it a few years ago.
The events described in the novel have a real basis. The heroes of the work - ordinary boys and girls - lived in the city of Krasnodon. This is a small town in Ukraine, which before the war was like all mining towns, quiet, surrounded by gardens.
And it was here that the terrible events that we read about in the novel "The Young Guard" took place.
The square named after the "Young Guard" is the face of the city of Krasnodon. In the center of it is a majestic monument. On a high pedestal near the bronze banner, the legendary heroes of Krasnodon froze forever. The authors of the monument, sculptors V.I. Agibalov, V.I. Mukhin conveyed not only the external resemblance of O. Koshevoy, U. Gromova, L. Shevtsova, S. Tyulenin and I. Zemnukhov, but also the inner world, the determination to fight to the end, proud inspiration. The monument captures the exciting moment of the oath of the patriots, and therefore it is called "The Oath".
Not far from the monument on black marble slabs are the names of Komsomol members and communists. This is a mass grave of members of the party and Komsomol underground. Here, on March 1, 1943, thousands of Krasnodon residents buried their heroes, extracted from the pit of mine No. 5. Then a temporary wooden obelisk was installed with the words of M. Gorky: “Let you die, but in the song of the brave and strong in spirit you will always be a living example, a proud call to freedom, to light.
Day and night, throwing reflections on the tombstones, the Eternal Flame burns. It was lit on May 9, 1965, on the day of the 20th anniversary of the Victory. And on this day, the granite block-stele “Grieving Mother” opened up to the gaze of Krasnodon residents. Its authors embodied in it the inconsolable grief of not only Krasnodon mothers who lost their children during the war. On the reverse side of the stele are copies of the inscriptions left by the Young Guards on the walls of the cell.
Five young guardsmen: Oleg Koshevoy, Lyuba Shevtsova, Semyon Ostapenko, Viktor Subbotin, Dmitry Ogurtsov were shot in February 1943 in the Gremyachy forest in Rovenki. All five were buried in the city square in the center of Rovenky. Now the Slava memorial complex has been built here, and an eternal flame has been lit.
Memorial "Unconquered".
Here, the Krasnodon underground took the last step - into immortality. In the novel “The Young Guard” we read: “The pile driver of mine No. 5, which had fallen sideways after the explosion, was already visible. The boys and girls sang the Internationale. They were all unloaded into the frozen bathhouse at the mine ... The gendarmes began to undress those who had good clothes and shoes.
They were taken out in small batches and dumped into the pit one by one. And everyone who could, managed to say those few words that he wanted to leave to the world.
On the snowy nights of January 15, 16, 31, 1943, the hearts of 71 patriots stopped beating.
Three times Krasnodon mourned his sons and daughters at the pit.
For the first time it was right after the liberation of the city, when mutilated, hardly recognizable corpses were raised from the pit of mine No. 5.
In 1947, a film expedition arrived in Krasnodon - at the film studio. Gorky S.A. Gerasimov filmed the film "Young Guard". The execution scene was filmed directly at the pit.
For the third time and forever, the tragedy of the pit was raised to the earth's surface with their imagination by sculptors and architects. We see, as it were, a section of the pit. The space is outlined by four pylons, against which the figures of dying heroes are depicted. For the 40th anniversary of the "Young Guard" the fire of glory is lit here.
People thanks to whom the world learned the truth about young heroes.
Alexander Fadeev immediately after his release came to Krasnodon, settled on Sadovaya Street, where Oleg Koshevoy lived during the years of occupation. Fadeev collected materials about the Young Guard, met with their relatives.
Sergei Gerasimov is a director who made a feature film.
Presentation "Young Guard" with comments.
What are your impressions of the film? Do you think the younger generation needs such films and books?
You and I learned the story of young people who lived in Krasnodon, but besides them there were hundreds, thousands of young men and women who brought victory closer both in the rear and at the fronts. To some, the motherland presented its highest award - the Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union. Many of them received it posthumously. Remember their names.
Presentation "Hero of the Soviet Union".
We cannot list their noble names here,
So there are many of them under the eternal protection of granite.
But know, listening to these stones,
Nobody is forgotten and nothing is forgotten.
Let's honor the memory of the dead Komsomol members.
A moment of silence.
Literature
1. Fadeev A. Young Guard - Donetsk, 1985.
2. Nikitenko A. G. The Young Guards lived and fought here. - Donetsk "Donbass", 1984.
3. Timofeeva I. N. Grateful descendants remember. - Donetsk "Donbass", 1985.
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Presentation on the topic:"Young Guard" - heroes and traitors
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The project was completed by: student of 11 "A" class Poluektova Margarita Project leader: Fetisov Alexander Anatolyevich Project goals: to get acquainted with the history of the creation and activities of the underground organization "Young Guard" to conduct research and find out what influenced the fact that this organization was revealed shortly after its creation modern man and man during the Great Patriotic War, to draw conclusions
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Progress of work
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Today, the topic of youth movements is very relevant: we compare schoolchildren of the 21st century with schoolchildren of that time and see how different the moral principles and behavior of today's youth are from the youth of the Great Patriotic War. And this is important not only for historians, but simply for any parents - having delved into this topic, they will understand what qualities should be developed in their child. These are patriotism, altruism, faith in oneself and others, as well as honesty. A dishonest person can turn into a real traitor. It is traitors who often play a fatal role in history, and they did not bypass the Young Guard.
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Recently, I read a book by Alexander Fadeev "Young Guard", which tells about an underground youth organization that operated during the Great Patriotic War in the Ukrainian city of Krasnodon, and thought. Indeed, although based on real events, this is fiction, not non-fiction, as the author noted. What really happened? What feats did the "Young Guard" accomplish? After all, she is remembered, her merits are appreciated, because she tried with all her might to help the Red Army bring Victory Day closer. Unfortunately, not everyone realizes this. Many do not even understand what was special about the activities of the Young Guard, or even simply do not know anything about this organization. And in Ukraine itself, in its western part, some people, until recently, frankly revered the Ukrainian nationalists who fought against the USSR.
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And so, when more than 65 years have passed since the Victory of the Soviet troops over Nazi Germany, I conducted a thorough study of the materials about the Young Guard and decided to reveal this topic in my project. Perhaps, many will learn the details about this organization for the first time.
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"Young Guard" "Young Guard" - an underground anti-fascist Komsomol organization that operated during the Great Patriotic War, mainly in the city of Krasnodon, Lugansk (Voroshilovgrad) region (Ukraine). The organization was created shortly after the beginning of the German occupation of Krasnodon, which began on July 20, 1942. The "Young Guard" consisted of about 110 people, boys and girls.
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First information The first information about the Krasnodon underground organization "Young Guard" appeared in the newspapers "Son of the Fatherland", "Socialist Homeland" and "Voroshilovgradskaya Pravda" dated April 1943. Already in the spring of 1943, a special commission of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League was sent to Krasnodon to collect materials on the emergence and activities of the Young Guard. Subsequently, for this purpose, special commissions were created more than once at various levels, which comprehensively studied the activities of both the Young Guard itself and the entire Krasnodon underground as a whole.
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Composition of the organization At the end of September 1942, the underground youth groups of Krasnodon united into the Young Guard. Red Army fighter Ivan Turkenich became the commander of the organization, and Viktor Tretyakevich became the commissar. The members of the headquarters were Georgy Arutyunyants - responsible for information, Ivan Zemnukhov - chief of staff, Oleg Koshevoy - responsible for security, Vasily Levashov - commander of the central group and Sergey Tyulenin - commander of the combat group. Later, Ulyana Gromova and Lyubov Shevtsova were brought into the headquarters. Most of the Young Guard were members of the Komsomol.
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The Young Guard published and distributed more than 5 thousand leaflets, its members, along with the underground communists, participated in sabotage in electromechanical workshops, set fire to the building of the labor exchange, where lists of people intended for export from Krasnodon were stored, thereby about 2000 people were saved from deportation to Germany. The Young Guards were preparing to organize an armed uprising in Krasnodon in order to defeat the German garrison and join the advancing units of the Soviet Army. However, shortly before the planned uprising, the organization was uncovered. Sample of leaflets distributed by Young Guard
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Who is the traitor? For a long time it was believed that the leaders of the "Young Guard" were arrested on the denunciation of Viktor Tretyakevich, who allegedly betrayed the organization and handed over all its members to the police. But after a while it turned out that this was not so, and all charges were dropped from him. I decided to find out who, in this case, was the real traitor. Viktor Tretyakevich
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The image of Yevgeny Stakhovich Thanks to Alexander Fadeev, the image of the main culprit in the death of the "Young Guard" - Yevgeny Stakhovich, who under torture gave out the names of most of the underground fighters, has firmly settled in the public mind. At the same time, although Fadeev himself repeatedly stated that the traitor Stakhovich was a collective image, very many, and first of all the participants in those events who managed to survive, were deeply convinced that Viktor Tretyakevich served as his prototype. The debate about how the hero suddenly turned into a traitor has not subsided so far. Yevgeny Morgunov as Yevgeny Stakhovich
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Version of "Duel" In 1998, an article by A.F. Gordeev Heroes and Traitors. It described the history of the emergence, activity and collapse of the Krasnodon underground, which differed from that described by Fadeev in the novel The Young Guard. According to Gordeev, the "Young Guard" (according to his own version, the real name of the organization is "Hammer") was created in early October 1942 on the initiative of Viktor Tretyakevich. Its core was the anti-fascist Komsomol youth groups of Ivan Zemnukhov, Yevgeny Moshkov, Nikolai Sumsky, Boris Glavan, Sergei Tyulenin and others. On October 6, 1942, Gennady Pocheptsov was also accepted into the organization, whose stepfather, V.G. Gromov, collaborated with the occupation authorities and subsequently played a fatal role in the history of the Young Guard.
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"Duel", referring to archival documents, writes that after learning about the arrest of the leaders of the underground and not finding a way out of the current situation, Pocheptsov turned to his stepfather for advice. Gromov suggested that his stepson immediately inform the police about the underground workers. Gromov confirmed this treacherous parting word during interrogation on May 25, 1943: "I told him that he could be arrested, and in order to save his life, he must write a statement to the police and extradite the members of the organization. He listened to me."
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Pocheptsov, after the arrival of Soviet troops, managed to hide for some time, and he was arrested only on March 8, 1943. To mitigate his guilt, Pocheptsov already at the first interrogation cast a shadow of suspicion on Viktor Tretyakevich. Answering the investigator’s question about what prompted him to betray the members of the underground organization, he referred to Ivan Zemnukhov, who allegedly told him on December 18, 1942 that Tretyakevich had betrayed the Young Guard and that the police had information about it.
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“You can’t hide a feat, you can’t hide a crime ...” Thus, the real traitor Gennady Pocheptsov not only betrayed all the members of the Young Guard, but also doomed the family of the innocent Tretyakevich to suffering. In the newspaper "Young Guard" under the heading "The feat cannot be hidden, the crime cannot be hidden" the story of Victor's mother, Anna Iosifovna, was published:
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"... They were buried in the city park. Like all mothers, I threw a farewell handful of earth into their common grave. Together they studied, together they fought the enemy, together they died. Now they lie together forever. And then ... Then people They began to bypass me. Other mothers were visited, consoled, their every word was caught. Newspapers, magazines, spoke on the radio, wrote books about their children. Only no one came to me. Only no one consoled me. I was alone, alone. with my thoughts, with my grief. "... The mother of a traitor." It happened that behind my back I heard a whisper: "This is Stakhovich's mother." The whole world already knew, the whole world already read Fadeev's novel. Other mothers could come any day to the park where their children are buried. Not ashamed of tears, to stand for a long time at the dear grave. And people mourned with them. Only I alone could not come to my son.
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At night, when the whole city is asleep and you don’t see anyone on the streets, I sneak into the silent park. The gold of names shines dimly in the moonlight. I eagerly peer, but the name of my son is not among them. And then I descend to the grave, hug the earth, press my chest against it. And so I lie for hours. Who in this dead of night will come and disturb me? Who will interrupt my conversation? And in the morning, as soon as dawn breaks, I hurriedly leave the park. Who will know that Tretyakevich's mother was here? Who can guess how many tears, along with dew, sprinkled the grave? Mothers, have you experienced this?
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Only in fairy tales shadows come to graves at midnight. I have been such a shadow for sixteen years. She cried out all her tears. Sometimes, when I remember him, everything will tremble in me, I want to relieve suffering ... But the tears do not come. And I feel like I'm suffocating. My husband, his father, could not stand the torment. Collapsed under the weight of grief. But when he was dying, he whispered to the last: “I don’t believe it ...“ And, although the charges were subsequently dropped from Tretyakevich, Anna Iosifovna was hardly able to fully recover from what she had experienced ...
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Poems dedicated to Viktor Tretyakevich He is with us forever To the relatives and friends of the hero of the "Young Guard" Viktor Tretyakevich Sixteen years have passed since then, When, on all, on all channels, the announcer Suddenly announced: "Do not believe people! No! No, Tretyakevich is not a traitor Victor With his friends, he has now become in service. And with them he is now in a single rank, We congratulate YOU! Yes, he is a hero! We are all proud of your brother, son! And today we swear to you that Victor has become yours and ours forever, That we live with him, study, sing, And we will all be like him, we are Human!
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Hero - Koshevoy In October 1942, Viktor Tretyakevich united the "Young Guard". It was he, and not Oleg Koshevoy, who became the commissioner of the underground organization. It is not surprising that thanks to Pocheptsov, all merits were removed from Tretyakevich. Surprisingly, they were transferred to Oleg Koshevoy. Why exactly him? Oleg's mother, Elena Nikolaevna, published her memoirs about her son, in which she wrote about how the Young Guard meetings were held in their apartment, how Oleg shared his experiences with her, read poems dedicated to the war. It is not surprising that the people wanted to consider the hero not the so-called traitor, but Koshevoy, referring to the notes of his mother.
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Significance of the organization Many citizens, including historians, believe that the "Young Guard" did nothing special and therefore is not worthy of such honors that it is given. Nevertheless, I.V. Stalin argued: "Never give up the small in work, for the great is built from the small." This statement clearly demonstrates to us that it was thanks to such selfless people as, for example, members of the Young Guard that victory in the Great Patriotic War could not but be on the side of the Soviet Union.
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Ignorance Nevertheless, many find it difficult to answer the question “How do you feel about the activities of the Young Guard. Alas, ignorance of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War flourishes among young people. Unfortunately, in our generation, many care only about themselves and show ignorance in knowledge of the real historical events of the war, its heroes. The most unpleasant thing is that not even all Krasnodon residents were aware of them. "In Krasnodon, we were not allowed to give a" performance-concert "based on the novel" Young Guard "," the former actress, and now journalist Margarita Volina. Why wasn't it allowed? Yes, because, she claims, that no one in Krasnodon knew anything about the exploits of the Young Guard, that "everything described in the novel" Young Guard "is not true and a lie!" This is how she describes her stay in Krasnodon: "I wanted to wander around Krasnodon alone and visit the museum of Oleg Koshevoy alone. Alas! Not only about the Koshevoy museum, but even about Oleg himself, either no one heard anything, or did not want to talk to me" .
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1. When did World War II start and end?2. When did the Great Patriotic War begin and end?3. How many days and nights did the Great Patriotic War last?4. Name three hero cities.5. Which city was under blockade for 900 days?6. In what (their) battle(s) was a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War achieved?7. Name three Heroes of the Soviet Union.8. Name at least one member of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command.9. What was the name of the operation of the Nazi command to capture the Soviet capital?10. When was the act of unconditional surrender of Germany signed?11. What contribution did youth make to the victory over Nazi Germany? 12. Is the partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War the most important factor in the victory of our people or not?13. What do you know about the activities of the "Young Guard"?14. What do you know about the relationship between the state and the Russian Orthodox Church during the Great Patriotic War?15. What was the contribution of cultural figures during the Second World War?16. Name three literary works and three feature films about the Great Patriotic War.17. How did the war affect art? Name 2-3 works of art (painting, music).18. Do you visit museums dedicated to the Second World War?19. How do you assess your knowledge of this historical era?20. Do you think it is necessary to study the history of the Great Patriotic War at school? Why?
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But still, many remember the Young Guard. In honor of her patriots, many works of cinema were created, including the film of the same name by S.A. Gerasimov, based on the famous book "Young Guard" by A.A. Fadeev. Alexander Alexandrovich - one of the founders of the Writers' Union of the USSR and its chairman. He was born on December 11 (24), 1901 in the city of Kimry. The patriotic deeds of the Krasnodon underground Komsomol organization “Young Guard”, with whom Fadeev met in the fall of 1943, inspired the writer: in 1 year and 9 months, a novel was completed, glorifying the feat of the Krasnodon underground. This book was also staged several performances.
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In St. Petersburg, the monument “Oath”, erected in January 1956, is dedicated to the heroes of the Young Guard. Molodogvardeyskaya Street in Moscow and the book publishing house “Young Guard” are named after the organization. Many museums are dedicated to the organization. The most famous of them is the Young Guard Museum in Krasnodon. This is the largest repository of documents on the activities of the organization. Songs and poems are still written in honor of the heroes of Krasnodon. Monument to the Young Guards "Oath"
Participation of youth in the war In addition to the organization "Young Guard", there was a youth actively helping at the front and in the rear. Their actions were turned to help the Red Army in the fight against the German invaders. The youth helped the soldiers of the Red Army morally, worked in military hospitals, in the rear, and even arranged explosions and arson - in general, they tried in every possible way to disrupt the plans of the fascist invaders.
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The moral state of society Victory in the Great Patriotic War was won by our country at the cost of millions of lives lost in battles, in the rear, in captivity, in concentration camps, in blockades. The consciousness of citizens was directed only to the liberation struggle against the enemy. Fighting the Nazis, no one thought about any personal gain, except for the Victory. The participants in the war fought for every inch of the land of their homeland, for their relatives and for all the inhabitants of the Soviet Union. Our society is grateful to veterans for their heroism during the war years, and every year we proudly celebrate Victory Day and bow our heads to them.
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But there are also such representatives of the youth who forget about honoring their elders. Moreover, they show no respect even for the saviors of the Soviet Union - the veterans. Recently, cases of attacks, thefts of orders and medals, and even murders by young people against participants in the Great Patriotic War have become more frequent. These criminals do not realize at what cost the veterans got their orders and medals. In addition, neo-Nazi organizations are appearing everywhere, and the saddest thing is that they exist in our country. How can you act so immorally, supporting those against whom the Soviet Union fought during the Second World War?..
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The current situation in Ukraine All the activities of the Young Guard patriots took place in Krasnodon. Nevertheless, some residents of the western part of Ukraine were not on the side of the Soviet Union. They supported the policies of Ukrainian nationalists such as Stepan Bandera and many others. In recent years, their ideas have been introduced into the minds of Ukrainians, they have been honored, and Stepan Bandera has been awarded the title of Hero of Ukraine. But they were active against the Red Army in support of Nazi Germany. They consider those who fought in the ranks of the Red Army to be traitors, and they explain all their actions by the fact that they allegedly fought in this way for the independence of Ukraine.
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Results While studying the materials about the Young Guard, I not only enriched my knowledge of the history of the struggle and victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War, but also studied the moral state of society. In conclusion, it should be noted that in the history of the Great Patriotic War, the activities of the Young Guard was one of the smaller pages. However, it, like a drop of water, reflected the selfless struggle of the Soviet people against the fascist invaders, the Great Tragedy and the Great Victory.
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Materials used Conversations with the leader, parents and acquaintances A. Fadeev, “Young Guard” Two-part film by S.A. Gerasimov “Young Guard” Working with documents: Duel newspaper, 1998 Article by A.F. Gordeev "Heroes and traitors" Newspaper "Dawn of the North", Tomsk region January 20, 1977 http://www.molodguard.ru/http://ru.wikipedia.orghttp://www.smi.ru/print/?id= 3505928
Sklyarova Tatyana Evgenievna
A single thematic lesson "We are the Young Guard"
State educational institution
Luhansk People's Republic
"Novoannovskaya secondary school -
Kindergarten No. 27"
Single thematic lesson
"We - Young guard»
Lesson topic: We - Young guard
Target lesson: to form a positive attitude towards such qualities as patriotism, selflessness, a desire to protect the Motherland, to cultivate an active life position; to promote the formation in children of a sense of belonging to the history and responsibility for the future of the country;
encourage children to study the history of the country, to participate in military-patriotic events.
Equipment: multimedia, photo young guards, poster "I love Krasnodon!", movie excerpts « Young guard» , audio recording of the song "You and me- Young guard» , distributing material: hearts, cards "Human qualities", letters of the word "Motherland".
During the classes
Teacher. Good afternoon, dear children and respected parents! Again the school bell informed us about the beginning of the school year! Let me wish you guys success and joy in the new academic year. Perseverance and perseverance in achieving goals! Let the most daring plans and dreams come true, and let your parents be proud of you! Be successful not only in the sciences, but also in sports, music and dance! Open the world from all sides. Forward, to new victories and knowledge!
Now, I want to check if you are ready to start learning in 3rd grade, and I suggest a game "Letters crumbled". Guys, collect the word that crumbled. (Children collect the word "Motherland".)
Teacher. Guys, what is the Motherland? (Homeland is the place where you were born and raised.)
What is the name of our country? (LNR)
City of my childhood
Dear Krasnodon.
Quiet, modest simplicity -
He captivates everyone.
Gardens bloom in spring
In summer, the heat of the steppe,
Falling leaves or snowfall -
I love my native land.
Teacher. Krasnodon is known all over the world. What exactly is our city famous for?
Heroes are born here
Remember them and know!
« Young guard»
Praise this region.
Teacher. Guys, this fall we will celebrate the 75th anniversary of the creation of an underground anti-fascist Komsomol organization. « Young guard» . The theme of our first lesson this year: "We - Young guard» .
Let's remember our heroes again. Who are they? What were they like, our Krasnodon boys and girls from the distant forties?
On July 20, 1942, the Nazis entered Krasnodon. Motorized infantry rushed through the deserted streets of the quiet town, the boots of the invaders rattled.
Watching a movie clip « Young guard. The arrival of the Germans
The conquerors brought with them a new order
For disobedience to the new order - execution.
For evading the surrender of weapons - execution.
For failure to appear for registration with the police - execution.
For listening to the radio - execution.
For appearing on the streets after 18.00 - execution.
Teacher. On the night of September 29, the Nazis buried 32 people alive in the city park - miners and Soviet party workers! And then the boys and girls rose to defend their land. After all, someone had to defend the Motherland.
Youth Krasnodon was created unified underground organization called « Young guard» . Headed the organization headquarters, which included (a photo young guards) Oleg Koshevoy, Ulyana Gromova, Ivan Zemnukhov, Lyubov Shevtsova, Sergey Tyulenin. All young people swore an oath
Viewing a video clip "Oath young guards»
Teacher. And from the day the boys and girls swore an oath “Blood for blood. Death for death!” each of them seemed to say goodbye to his former self. It was necessary to resist the hated enemies, to let them know that the Nazis would never become masters on Russian soil.
Emerged from small disparate groups, strengthened " Young guard"by the end of 1942, there were 92 people and was a real force.
Teacher: What did they do young guards? The article on your tables will help you remember. Read it and answer my question.
« Young guard» produced and distributed over 5,000 anti-fascist leaflets
Young Guards destroyed enemy vehicles with soldiers, ammunition and fuel.
They set fire to the building of the labor exchange, where lists of people intended for export to Germany were stored. About two thousand people were saved from deportation to Germany.
They were preparing to stage an armed uprising in Krasnodon in order to defeat the German garrison and join to the advancing units of the Soviet army.
On the night of January 4-5, 1943, arrests began in the city. Most were sent to prison young guards.
From the testimony of the head of the Krasnodon gendarme post.
« Molodogvardeytsev they beat them and lost consciousness, their legs and arms were broken, needles were driven under their nails, then they were doused with cold water and thrown into a punishment cell, the girls were hung up by braids, their hair could not stand being cut off, other tortures were also used. The music was turned on so as not to be heard. The bodies of those arrested were completely covered in bruises and abrasions. torment young guards intensified by the fact that we starved them. I did not spend a single gram of bread on all those arrested, not to mention other food products, although we kept them for 10-12 days. They weren't even given plenty of water."
Ulyana Gromova. During interrogations, the executioners offered her to submit, to tell about everything. What does she answered: "Not for that I entered into « young guard» to ask you for mercy." She was tormented again, a five-pointed star was carved on her back. But they didn't break it.
Enraged by silence and calmness, the executioner hit Vanya Zemnukhov hard in the face, broke his glasses, and gouged out his eyes with glasses.
Antonina Eliseenko was put on a red-hot stove for her unwillingness to betray her comrades.
But nothing broke the heroes
Viewing a video clip "I marvel at the sky"
On the night before the execution, no one slept in the cell. They were taken out at night to a wasteland, put into cars and taken to mine number 5.
It's scary to die at sixteen
How the hell do you want to live
Do not shed tears, but smile,
Fall in love and raise children.
But the sun is going down
Do not meet them already dawn.
Guys gone to immortality
At the dawn of youth.
Viewing a video clip "Execution young guards»
Teacher .. The Nazis, partly alive, partly shot, threw 71 people. into the pit of mine No. 5, 53 m deep.
On February 14, 1943, Soviet troops liberated Krasnodon. That would seem to be the end of the story. But still, something hurts the soul, does not let go of the memory. Without historical memory, the heart hardens, the soul hardens, the Motherland is lost.
Let's remember everyone by name
We will remember our grief.
This is needed - not the dead,
It must be alive
moment of silence
Student. After execution, torture and interrogation
The Nazis did not break them, they could not.
I often ask myself I:
“We, today, could we do this?”
Teacher. Feat young guards obliges us to be worthy of their memory. What qualities should we develop in ourselves in order to be like our heroes?
Group work (From the proposed qualities, children choose the necessary ones)
Cards with human qualities: Active, keep your word, resolute, independent, conscientious, patient, educated, hardworking, brave, honest, love your homeland. Aggressive, greedy, insensitive, cruel, envious, insolent, boastful).
We - Young guard! We have to be:
Active, educated, keep your word, determined,
independent, conscientious, patient, hardworking, brave, honest, love their homeland.
Teacher. Today we remembered a story from the terrible past of our country, so that you, like our heroes, love life, your loved ones, your homeland. So that you know at what cost we got this world. Let's be worthy of the memory of heroes young guards and give our beloved Krasnodon our hearts.
(Children write wishes to their homeland and hang them on a poster "I love Krasnodon")
The song sounds "You and me- Young guard»