50 years ago, Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov became the first man to go into outer space: on March 18, 1965, he, together with cosmonaut P.I. Belyaev flew into space on the Voskhod-2 spacecraft as a co-pilot. For the first time in the world, Leonov went into outer space, retired from the ship at a distance of up to 5 m, spending 12 minutes in open space. After the flight, the shortest report in the history of cosmonautics was heard at the state commission: "It is possible to live and work in outer space."
The records of the first years of space exploration paved the way for new achievements and discoveries, allowing humanity to step far beyond the limits of the Earth and human capabilities.
oldest man in space
The oldest person to orbit is U.S. Senator John Glenn, who flew aboard the shuttle Discovery into space in 1998. Glenn was one of the so-called first seven American astronauts, he was the first American astronaut to make an orbital space flight on February 20, 1962. Therefore, Glenn holds the record for the longest period between two space flights.
The youngest astronaut
Cosmonaut German Titov was 25 full years when he went into space on the Vostok 2 spacecraft on August 9, 1961. He became the second person to orbit the Earth, completing 17 orbits around the planet in a 25-hour flight. Titov also became the first person to sleep in space and the first to experience space sickness (loss of appetite, dizziness, headache).
longest space flight
Russian cosmonaut Valery Polyakov holds the record for the longest stay in space. From 1994 to 1995, he spent 438 days at the Mir station. He also holds the record for the longest solo stay in space.
The shortest flight
On May 5, 1961, Alan Sheppard became the first American to leave Earth in a suborbital space flight. He also holds the record for the shortest flight into space, which lasted only 15 minutes. During this quarter of an hour, he flew to a height of 185 km. He landed in Atlantic Ocean 486 km from the launch site. In 1971, Sheppard landed on the moon, where the 47-year-old astronaut became the oldest person to set foot on the moon's surface.
The furthest flight
The record for the maximum distance of astronauts from the Earth was set by the Apollo 13 team, which in April 1970 flew over the invisible side of the Moon at an altitude of 254 km, finding itself at a record distance of 400,171 km from the Earth.
Longest in space
Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev spent the longest time in space, spending more than 803 days in space during six flights. Among women, this record belongs to Peggy Whitson, who spent more than 376 days in orbit.
Krikalev also owns another, unofficial record: the last person who lived under the USSR. In December 1991, when the USSR disappeared, Sergei was on board the Mir station, and in March 1992 he returned to Russia.
Longest inhabited spacecraft
This record, which is increasing every day, belongs to the ISS. The $100 billion station has been continuously manned since November 2000.
Longest shuttle mission
The Space Shuttle Columbia launched into space on November 19, 1996. Initially, the descent was scheduled for December 5, but weather conditions delayed the landing of the spacecraft, which spent 17 days and 16 hours in orbit.
Longest on the Moon
Harrison Schmitt and Eugene Cernan were on the moon longer than other astronauts - 75 hours. During the landing, they made three long walks with a total duration of more than 22 hours. This was the last manned mission to the Moon and beyond Earth orbit to date.
The fastest flight
The fastest people on Earth and beyond were members of the Apollo 10 mission, the last preparatory flight before landing on the moon. Returning to Earth on May 26, 1969, their ship reached a speed of 39,897 km/h.
Most flights
Most often, the Americans flew into space: Fraanklin Chang-Diaz and Jerry Ross flew into space seven times as part of the space shuttle crews.
Maximum number of outputs per outer space
Cosmonaut Anatoly Solovyov during five space flights in the 80-90s made 16 exits from the station, spending 82 hours in outer space.
Longest spacewalk
On March 11, 2001, astronauts Jim Voss and Susan Helms spent almost nine hours outside of the Discovery shuttle and the ISS, preparing the station for the arrival of the new module. To this day, that space walk remains the longest in history.
The most representative company in space
13 people gathered in space at once in July 2009, when the shuttle Endeavor landed on the ISS, where there were six astronauts. This meeting became the most massive stay in space of people at the same time.
most expensive spaceship
The International Space Station began to be assembled in 1998, and it was completed in 2012. In 2011, the cost of its creation exceeded $100 billion. The station became the most expensive single technical facility ever built and the largest spacecraft. 15 countries took part in its construction, its dimensions today are almost 110 m. The volume of its living quarters is equivalent to the volume of the passenger compartment of a Boeing 747.
Duration of continuous human stay in space flight conditions:
During the operation of the Mir station, absolute world records were set for the duration of continuous human stay in space flight conditions:
1987 - Yuri Romanenko (326 days 11 hours 38 minutes);
1988 - Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov (365 days 22 hours 39 minutes);
1995 - Valery Polyakov (437 days 17 hours 58 minutes).
The total time spent by a person in space flight conditions:
Absolute world records were set for the duration of the total time spent by a person in space flight conditions at the Mir station:
1995 - Valery Polyakov - 678 days 16 hours 33 minutes (for 2 flights);
1999 - Sergey Avdeev - 747 days 14 hours 12 minutes (for 3 flights).
Space walks:
On the Mir OS, 78 EVAs (including three EVAs to the depressurized Spektr module) were performed with a total duration of 359 hours and 12 minutes. The exits were attended by: 29 Russian cosmonauts, 3 US astronauts, 2 French astronauts, 1 ESA astronaut (German citizen). Sunita Williams is a NASA astronaut who holds the world record for the longest work in outer space among women. The American worked on the ISS for more than half a year (November 9, 2007) together with two crews and made four spacewalks.
Space Survivor:
According to the authoritative scientific digest New Scientist, as of Wednesday, August 17, 2005, Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev spent 748 days in orbit, thus breaking the previous record set by Sergei Avdeev during his three flights to the Mir station (747 days 14 hours 12 min). The various physical and mental loads endured by Krikalev characterize him as one of the most enduring and successfully adapting astronauts in the history of astronautics. Krikalev's candidacy has been repeatedly elected to carry out rather difficult missions. Texas State University physician and psychologist David Masson describes the astronaut as the best you can find.
Duration of space flight among women:
Among women, world records for the duration of a space flight under the Mir program were set by:
1995 - Elena Kondakova (169 days 05 hours 1 min); 1996 - Shannon Lucid, USA (188 days 04:00, including at Mir station - 183 days 23:00).
The longest space flights of foreign citizens:
Of the foreign citizens, the longest flights under the Mir program were made by:
Jean-Pierre Haignere (France) - 188 days 20 hours 16 minutes;
Shannon Lucid (USA) - 188 days 04 hours 00 minutes;
Thomas Reiter (ESA, Germany) - 179 days 01 hours 42 minutes
Astronauts who have completed six or more spacewalks
at Mir station:
Anatoly Solovyov - 16 (77 hours 46 minutes),
Sergey Avdeev - 10 (41 hours 59 minutes),
Alexander Serebrov - 10 (31 hours 48 minutes),
Nikolai Budarin - 8 (44 hours 00 minutes),
Talgat Musabaev - 7 (41 hours 18 minutes),
Victor Afanasiev - 7 (38 hours 33 minutes),
Sergey Krikalev - 7 (36 hours 29 minutes),
Musa Manarov - 7 (34 hours 32 minutes),
Anatoly Artsebarsky - 6 (32 hours 17 minutes),
Yuri Onufrienko - 6 (30 hours 30 minutes),
Yuri Usachev - 6 (30 hours 30 minutes),
Gennady Strekalov - 6 (21 hours 54 minutes),
Alexander Viktorenko - 6 (19 hours 39 minutes),
Vasily Tsibliyev - 6 (19:11).
First manned spacecraft:
First manned space flight recorded International Federation aeronautics (MFA founded in 1905) was made on the ship "Vostok" on April 12, 1961 by the USSR pilot cosmonaut, Major of the USSR Air Force Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin (1934 ... 1968). It follows from the official documents of the IFA that the spacecraft launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome at 06:07 GMT and landed near the village of Smelovka, Ternovsky District, Saratov Region. USSR in 108 min. The maximum flight altitude of the Vostok spacecraft with a length of 40868.6 km was 327 km with a maximum speed of 28260 km/h.
First woman in space:
The first woman to circle the Earth in space orbit was junior lieutenant of the USSR Air Force (now lieutenant colonel engineer pilot cosmonaut of the USSR) Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova (born March 6, 1937), who launched on the Vostok 6 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome Kazakhstan USSR, at 9:30 min GMT on June 16, 1963 and landed at 08:16 on June 19 after a flight that lasted 70 hours and 50 minutes. During this time, she made more than 48 complete revolutions around the Earth (1971000 km).
The oldest and youngest astronauts:
The oldest among the 228 cosmonauts of the Earth was Karl Gordon Henitz (USA), who at the age of 58 took part in the 19th flight of the Challenger shuttle on July 29, 1985. The youngest was a major of the USSR Air Force (currently lieutenant general pilot USSR cosmonaut) German Stepanovich Titov (born September 11, 1935) who was launched on the Vostok 2 spacecraft on August 6, 1961 at the age of 25 years 329 days.
First spacewalk:
First to open space March 18, 1965 from spaceship“Voskhod 2” was released by lieutenant colonel of the USSR Air Force (now major general, pilot cosmonaut of the USSR) Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov (born May 20, 1934) He retired from the ship at a distance of up to 5 m and spent 12 minutes 9 seconds in open space outside the airlock .
First spacewalk by a woman:
In 1984, Svetlana Savitskaya was the first woman to go into outer space, having worked outside the Salyut-7 station for 3 hours and 35 minutes. Before becoming an astronaut, Svetlana set three world records in parachuting in group jumps from the stratosphere and 18 aviation records in jet aircraft.
Record duration of spacewalks by a woman:
NASA astronaut Sunita Lyn Williams has set the record for the longest spacewalk for a woman. She spent 22 hours 27 minutes outside the station, exceeding the previous achievement by more than 21 hours. The record was set during work on the outer part of the ISS on January 31 and February 4, 2007. Williams oversaw the preparation of the station to continue construction along with Michael Lopez-Alegria.
First autonomous spacewalk:
U.S. Navy Captain Bruce McCandles II (born June 8, 1937) was the first man to operate in open space without a tether. propulsion plant. The development of this space suit cost $15 million.
Longest manned flight:
Colonel of the USSR Air Force Vladimir Georgievich Titov (born January 1, 1951) and flight engineer Musa Hiramanovich Manarov (born March 22, 1951) launched on the Soyuz-M4 spacecraft on December 21, 1987 to the Mir space station and landed on the Soyuz-TM6 spacecraft (together with the French cosmonaut Jean Lou Chretien) at an alternate landing site near Dzhezkazgan, Kazakhstan, USSR, on December 21, 1988, having spent 365 days in space 22 hours 39 minutes 47 seconds.
The furthest journey in space:
Soviet cosmonaut Valery Ryumin spent almost a whole year in a spacecraft that made 5,750 revolutions around the Earth in those 362 days. At the same time, Ryumin traveled 241 million kilometers. This is equal to the distance from Earth to Mars and back to Earth.
Most Experienced Space Traveler:
The most experienced space traveler is Colonel of the USSR Air Force, USSR pilot-cosmonaut Yuri Viktorovich Romanenko (born in 1944), who spent 430 days 18 hours and 20 minutes in space in 3 flights in 1977 ... 1978, in 1980 and in 1987 gg.
Largest Crew:
The largest crew consisted of 8 cosmonauts (it included 1 woman), who launched on October 30, 1985 on the Challenger reusable spacecraft.
Most people in space:
The largest number of astronauts ever in space at the same time is 11: 5 Americans aboard the Challenger, 5 Russians and 1 Indian aboard the Salyut 7 orbital station in April 1984, 8 Americans aboard the Challenger and 3 Russians aboard the Salyut 7 orbital station in October 1985, 5 Americans aboard the space shuttle, 5 Russians and 1 French aboard the Mir orbital station in December 1988.
The highest speed:
The highest speed at which a person has ever moved (39897 km / h) was developed by the main module of Apollo 10 at an altitude of 121.9 km from the Earth's surface during the return of the expedition on May 26, 1969. On board the spacecraft were the crew commander Colonel US Air Force (now Brigadier General) Thomas Patten Stafford (born in Weatherford, Oklahoma, USA, September 17, 1930), US Navy Captain 3rd Rank Eugene Andrew Cernan (born in Chicago, Illinois, USA, 14 March 1934) and US Navy Captain 3rd Rank (now retired Captain 1st Rank) John Watt Young (born in San Francisco, California, USA, September 24, 1930).
Of the women, the highest speed (28115 km / h) was reached by the junior lieutenant of the USSR Air Force (now lieutenant colonel-engineer, pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR) Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova (born March 6, 1937) on the Soviet spacecraft Vostok 6 on June 16, 1963.
The youngest astronaut:
The youngest astronaut today is Stephanie Wilson. She was born on September 27, 1966 and is 15 days younger than Anyusha Ansari.
The first living being to travel into space:
The dog Laika, which was put into orbit around the Earth on the second Soviet satellite on November 3, 1957, was the first living creature in space. Laika died in agony from suffocation when the oxygen ran out.
Record time spent on the moon:
The crew of Apollo 17 collected a record weight (114.8 kg) of rock samples and pounds during a 22 hour and 5 minute job outside the spacecraft. The crew included Captain 3rd Rank US Navy Eugene Andrew Cernan (b. Chicago, Illinois, USA, March 14, 1934) and Dr. Harrison Schmitt (b. Saita Rose, New Mexico, USA, July 3 1935), who became the 12th person to walk on the moon. The astronauts were on the lunar surface for 74 hours 59 minutes during the longest lunar expedition, which lasted 12 days 13 hours 51 minutes from December 7 to 19, 1972.
First person to walk on the moon:
Neil Alden Armstrong (b. Wapakoneta, Ohio, USA, August 5, 1930, ancestors of Scottish and German descent), commander of the Apollo 11 spacecraft, became the first person to walk on the surface of the Moon in the Sea of Tranquility region at 2 a.m. 56 min 15 s GMT July 21, 1969. He was followed from the Eagle lunar module by US Air Force Colonel Edwin Eugene Aldrin, Jr. (born in Montclair, New Jersey, USA, January 20, 1930.
Highest space flight altitude:
The crew of Apollo 13 reached the highest altitude, being in a settlement (i.e., at the farthest point of its trajectory) 254 km from the lunar surface at a distance of 400187 km from the Earth's surface at 1 hour 21 minutes GMT on April 15, 1970. The crew included US Navy Captain James Arthur Lovell, Jr. (born in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, March 25, 1928), Fred Wallace Hayes, Jr. (born in Biloxi, Missouri, USA, November 14, 1933 ) and John L. Swigert (1931...1982). The altitude record for women (531 km) was set by American astronaut Katherine Sullivan (born in Paterson, New Jersey, USA, October 3, 1951) during a shuttle flight on April 24, 1990.
The highest spacecraft speed:
The first spacecraft to reach the 3rd space velocity, allowing you to go beyond solar system, became Pioneer-10. The carrier rocket "Atlas-SLV ZS" with the modified 2nd stage "Tsentavr-D" and the 3rd stage "Tiokol-Te-364-4" on March 2, 1972 left the Earth with an unprecedented speed for that time 51682 km / h. The spacecraft speed record (240 km/h) was set by the American-German solar probe Helios-B, launched on January 15, 1976.
The maximum approach of the spacecraft to the Sun:
On April 16, 1976, the Helios-B research automatic station (USA-FRG) approached the Sun at a distance of 43.4 million km.
The first artificial satellite of the Earth:
The first artificial Earth satellite was successfully launched on the night of October 4, 1957 into an orbit with a height of 228.5/946 km and a speed of more than 28565 km/h from the Baikonur cosmodrome, north of Tyuratam, Kazakhstan, USSR (275 km east of Aral Sea). The spherical satellite was officially registered as an object "1957 alpha 2", weighed 83.6 kg, had a diameter of 58 cm and, having existed for 92 days, burned down on January 4, 1958. The launch vehicle, modified R 7, 29.5 m long, was developed under the direction of Chief designer S.P. Korolev (1907 ... 1966), who also led the entire project for launching the IS3.
The most distant man-made object:
Pioneer 10 launched from Cape Canaveral, Space Center. Kennedy, Florida, USA, on October 17, 1986, crossed the orbit of Pluto, 5.9 billion km from the Earth. By April 1989 he was behind far point Pluto's orbit and continues to recede into space at a speed of 49 km / h. In 1934 n. e. it will approach the minimum distance to the star Ross-248, which is 10.3 light years away from us. Even before 1991, the faster-moving Voyager 1 spacecraft will be further away than Pioneer 10.
One of the two space "Travelers" Voyager, launched from the Earth in 1977, moved away from the Sun by 97 AU in 28 years of flight. e. (14.5 billion km) and is today the most remote artificial object. Voyager 1 crossed the heliosphere, the region where the solar wind meets the interstellar medium, in 2005. Now the path of an apparatus flying at a speed of 17 km/s lies in the zone of the shock wave. Voyager-1 will be operational until 2020. However, it is very likely that information from Voyager-1 will stop coming to Earth at the end of 2006. The fact is that NASA is scheduled to cut by 30% of the budget in terms of research on the Earth and the solar system.
The heaviest and largest space object:
The heaviest object launched into near-Earth orbit was the 3rd stage of the American Saturn 5 rocket with the Apollo 15 spacecraft, which weighed 140512 kg before entering the intermediate selenocentric orbit. The American radio astronomy satellite Explorer 49, launched on June 10, 1973, weighed only 200 kg, but its antenna span was 415 m.
Most Powerful Rocket:
The Soviet space transport system Energia, first launched on May 15, 1987 from the Baikonur cosmodrome, has a weight at full load of 2400 tons and develops a thrust of more than 4 thousand tons. The rocket is capable of delivering a payload weighing up to 140 m, the maximum diameter - 16 m. Basically a modular installation used in the USSR. 4 accelerators are attached to the main module, each of which has 1 RD 170 engine running on liquid oxygen and kerosene. A modification of the rocket with 6 boosters and an upper stage is capable of launching a payload weighing up to 180 tons into near-Earth orbit, delivering a load of 32 tons to the Moon and 27 tons to Venus or Mars.
Flight range record among solar-powered research vehicles:
The Stardust space probe has set a kind of flight distance record among all solar-powered research vehicles - it is currently at a distance of 407 million kilometers from the Sun. The main purpose of the automatic apparatus is to approach the comet and collect dust.
The first self-propelled vehicle on extraterrestrial space objects:
The first self-propelled vehicle designed to work on other planets and their satellites in automatic mode is the Soviet Lunokhod 1 (weight - 756 kg, length with open lid - 4.42 m, width - 2.15 m, height - 1, 92 m), delivered to the Moon by the Luna 17 spacecraft and started moving in the Sea of Rains on command from the Earth on November 17, 1970. In total, it traveled 10 km 540 m, overcoming elevations up to 30 °, until it stopped on October 4, 1971. , having worked 301 days 6 h 37 min. The cessation of work was caused by the depletion of the resources of its isotopic heat source "Lunokhod-1" examined in detail the lunar surface with an area of 80 thousand m2, transmitted to Earth more than 20 thousand of its photographs and 200 telepanoramas.
Record speed and range of movement on the moon:
The record for the speed and range of movement on the moon was set by the American wheeled lunar rover Rover, delivered there by the Apollo 16 spacecraft. He developed a speed of 18 km / h down the slope and traveled a distance of 33.8 km.
Most Expensive Space Project:
The total cost of the US human spaceflight program, including the latest Apollo 17 mission to the moon, was about $25,541,400,000. The first 15 years of the USSR space program, from 1958 to September 1973, according to Western estimates, cost $45 billion. billion dollars
51 years ago, Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov became the first man to go into open space: on March 18, 1965, he, together with cosmonaut P.I. Belyaev flew into space on the Voskhod-2 spacecraft as a co-pilot. For the first time in the world, Leonov went into outer space, retired from the ship at a distance of up to 5 m, spending 12 minutes in open space. After the flight, the shortest report in the history of cosmonautics was heard at the state commission: "It is possible to live and work in outer space."
The records of the first years of space exploration paved the way for new achievements and discoveries, allowing humanity to step far beyond the limits of the Earth and human capabilities.
oldest man in space
The oldest person to orbit is U.S. Senator John Glenn, who flew aboard the shuttle Discovery into space in 1998. Glenn was one of the so-called first seven American astronauts, he was the first American astronaut to make an orbital space flight on February 20, 1962. Therefore, Glenn holds the record for the longest period between two space flights.
The youngest astronaut
Cosmonaut German Titov was 25 full years old when he went into space on the Vostok-2 spacecraft on August 9, 1961. He became the second person to orbit the Earth, completing 17 orbits around the planet in a 25-hour flight. Titov also became the first person to sleep in space and the first to experience space sickness (loss of appetite, dizziness, headache).
longest space flight
Russian cosmonaut Valery Polyakov holds the record for the longest stay in space. From 1994 to 1995, he spent 438 days at the Mir station. He also holds the record for the longest solo stay in space.
The shortest flight
On May 5, 1961, Alan Sheppard became the first American to leave Earth in a suborbital space flight. He also holds the record for the shortest flight into space, which lasted only 15 minutes. During this quarter of an hour, he flew to a height of 185 km. It splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean 486 km from the launch site. In 1971, Sheppard landed on the moon, where the 47-year-old astronaut became the oldest person to set foot on the moon's surface.
The furthest flight
The record for the maximum distance of astronauts from the Earth was set by the Apollo 13 team, which in April 1970 flew over the invisible side of the Moon at an altitude of 254 km, finding itself at a record distance of 400,171 km from the Earth.
Longest in space
Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev spent the longest time in space, spending more than 803 days in space during six flights. Among women, this record belongs to Peggy Whitson, who spent more than 376 days in orbit.
Krikalev also owns another, unofficial record: the last person who lived under the USSR. In December 1991, when the USSR disappeared, Sergei was on board the Mir station, and in March 1992 he returned to Russia.
Longest inhabited spacecraft
This record, which is increasing every day, belongs to the ISS. The $100 billion station has been continuously manned since November 2000.
Longest shuttle mission
The Space Shuttle Columbia launched into space on November 19, 1996. Initially, the descent was scheduled for December 5, but weather conditions delayed the landing of the spacecraft, which spent 17 days and 16 hours in orbit.
Longest on the Moon
Harrison Schmitt and Eugene Cernan were on the moon longer than other astronauts - 75 hours. During the landing, they made three long walks with a total duration of more than 22 hours. This was the last manned mission to the Moon and beyond Earth orbit to date.
The fastest flight
The fastest people on Earth and beyond were members of the Apollo 10 mission, the last preparatory flight before landing on the moon. Returning to Earth on May 26, 1969, their ship reached a speed of 39,897 km/h.
Most flights
Most often, the Americans flew into space: Fraanklin Chang-Diaz and Jerry Ross flew into space seven times as part of the space shuttle crews.
Maximum number of spacewalks
Cosmonaut Anatoly Solovyov during five space flights in the 1980s and 1990s made 16 spacewalks outside the station, spending 82 hours in outer space.
Longest spacewalk
On March 11, 2001, astronauts Jim Voss and Susan Helms spent almost nine hours outside of the Discovery shuttle and the ISS, preparing the station for the arrival of the new module. To this day, that space walk remains the longest in history.
The most representative company in space
13 people gathered in space at once in July 2009, when the shuttle Endeavor landed on the ISS, where there were six astronauts. This meeting became the most massive stay in space of people at the same time.
most expensive spaceship
The International Space Station began to be assembled in 1998, and it was completed in 2012. In 2011, the cost of its creation exceeded $100 billion. The station became the most expensive single technical facility ever built and the largest spacecraft. 15 countries took part in its construction, its dimensions today are almost 110 m. The volume of its living quarters is equivalent to the volume of the passenger compartment of a Boeing 747.
First cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin
The youngest cosmonaut - German Titov
Sergei Korolev - the great Russian designer
Cosmonaut Gennady Padalka
Alexei Leonov - the first person to go into outer space
Alexey Leonov
Svetlana Savitskaya
Cosmonaut Valery Polyakov
The very first astronaut, the youngest astronaut, the longest flight and the first spacewalk - these and other records in my new collection for you guys.
First cosmonaut
Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin - Russian. The first man in the world to go into space. On April 12, 1961, he flew around the Earth under the guidance of the great Russian designer Sergei Pavlovich Korolev.
The youngest astronaut
The youngest cosmonaut in space was 25 years old. This cosmonaut was German Titov. In April 1961, he was Yuri Gagarin's understudy, and made his first flight in August of the same year.
Record for longest stay in space
Cosmonaut Gennady Padalka occupies the first place in terms of the total duration of being in space. For all the time of flights, he spent 878 days in space. The previous record holder was cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev. His total flying time is 803 days.
longest space flight
The longest flight into space was made by Valery Polyakov. He spent 437 days and 18 hours aboard the Mir orbital station, which was an absolute record for the duration of work in space in one flight. By the way, Valery Polyakov went to the Mir orbital station not only as a cosmonaut-researcher, but also as a doctor.
Single woman space flight
Everyone knows that Valentina Tereshkova is the world's first female cosmonaut. But besides that, she is still the only woman who has made a space flight alone.
First spacewalk
In 1965, cosmonaut Alexei Leonov made the first ever spacewalk. The total time of the first exit was 23 minutes 41 seconds, of which Alexei Leonov spent 12 minutes 9 seconds overboard the Voskhod-2 spacecraft. The first spacewalk among female astronauts was made by Svetlana Savitskaya in 1984.
On March 27, Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka made his fifth space flight to the International Space Station in Earth orbit, having a total flight time of 710 days.
Today, pilot-cosmonaut Padalka is on the ISS, his return to Earth is scheduled for September 11, 2015, and upon his return to Earth, the duration of his “space raid” will increase to 878 days! This will fix new world record for being in Earth orbit person.
Did you know that until 2015, the world record for staying in orbit belonged to the Soviet pilot-cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev, today the Deputy General Director of TsNIIMASH, the head scientific institute of Roscosmos (previously Krikalev served as head of the Cosmonaut Training Center).
Sergey Krikalev's comments on the new orbital record
The ex-head of the CTC Sergey Krikalev, who set the previous record for being in orbit, commented on the achievement of his compatriot, thanks to which a new bar was taken to conquer space. S. Krikalev, who has six space flights under his belt, worked in space for 803 days, 9 hours and 41 minutes, first on the Russian space station Mir, and then on the ISS. Thus, he overcame the six-year record of his neighbor and friend, Soviet cosmonaut Sergei Andreev, who worked in space for 747 days.
Dialogue with the previous record holder
Sergey Konstantinovich, how unexpected is this event for you?
- Not unexpected at all. We planned so.
Have you made any kind of bet with a colleague about this?
- Not. There was no wager.
What is the difficulty of achieving such a record?
- The difficulty is that you need to dedicate a fairly large piece of your life to this. A record is not set for the sake of a record. This is not a record of who will spit further and who will jump further. This is a record that is achieved by itself over many years of work.
Does it affect health?
- Every day of the flight affects health. But when these days are few, it's okay.
And how does this manifest itself?
- Thick volumes of books have been written on this subject. What is the effect of weightlessness on the human body, how does it change with time, how does it change with the number of flights, how does it change with age. These are all serious, significant impacts. After each flight, a certain rehabilitation and restoration of health is required. Therefore, it is not an easy job. I made a flight in which a record was set. By the way, this record was not recorded by international organizations for a long time. However, this has recently been done. Now it's good that a new record has been set. That's the way it should be. Records are set for that, so that they continue to be beaten. It's good that this record also belongs to Russia.
Why do you think astronauts from other countries do not set such records?
- Such records can only be set by American cosmonauts who flew like us for quite a long time. They just had a lot of short flights, and we have more long flights.
Yesterday the Falcon rocket exploded, did it somehow affect the work of the crew?
- Not. It didn't affect it directly. Some things are still being clarified, but they will not directly affect the crew.
We remind you that Sergey Krikalev carried out the following flights:
- On Soyuz TM-7 in 1988-1989.
- On Soyuz TM-12 and Soyuz TM-13 in 1991-1992.
- Flight on Discovery STS-63 in 1994.
- S. Krikalev became the first Russian cosmonaut on a shuttle to fly on STS-88 in 1998.
- Flights as part of the first main expedition to the ISS in 2000.
- Flight as part of Expedition 11 to the ISS in 2005.
To date, Krikalev is the Deputy General Director of TsNIIMASH, the head scientific institute of Roscosmos. The former record holder made a statement that he would visit the Mission Control Center without fail to personally congratulate his compatriot Gennady Padalka on setting a new world record. TASS quotes Krikalev: “I will do it with iron.
It is worth noting that the agency's source in the rocket and space field explained that in order for the new record to receive official recognition, cosmonaut Gennady Padalka needs to spend time in orbit that exceeds the total time of the previous record holder (Krikalev) by 5%. For these reasons, a new achievement will be registered only in the first half of August.
Biography of cosmonaut Gennady Padalka
But let's get back to our hero, Gennady Ivanovich Padalka, who set a new world record, was born on June 21, 1958 in Krasnodar. In 1979 he graduated from the Yeisk Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots. V.M. Komarov, specialty "Command-tactical" fighter-bomber aviation." After graduating from the aviation school, he served as a pilot and senior pilot from December 1979 to April 1989. Before Gennady Padalka was enlisted in the ranks of cosmonauts, behind him was the development of the MiG-17, MiG-15 UTI, L-29, Su-24, Su-7 BM, Su-7U, Su-7B, while the total the flight time was about 1200 hours. Air Force paratrooper instructor, 1st class military pilot. In 1994 he graduated from the UNESCO International Center for Learning Systems, studied at the Faculty of Aerospace Ecology State Academy oil and gas. She was awarded a master's degree in environmental management and the qualification "environmental engineer". Gennady Padalka is married and has three daughters.
It should be recalled that the International Space Station previously set a world record for the stay of a person on board - the Russian pilot-cosmonaut again became the record holder. The previous record was 3,641 days on board, set by Russia's Mir Orbital Complex. For almost a decade, astronauts have been working on board the orbital station. The stay lasted from September 8, 1989 to August 28, 1999. The ISS in early November will celebrate a holiday - the tenth anniversary of the continuous stay of astronauts on board the station.
During the operation of the Mir station, Russian pilot-cosmonauts set absolute world records for the duration of human stay in space flight conditions. Let's find out how long the astronauts spent continuously in space flight
Here are the record numbers:
- Yuri Romanenko spent 326 days, 11 hours and 38 minutes in orbit in 1987.
- Vladimir Titov together with Musa Manarov stayed at the station for 365 days 22 hours 39 minutes.
- 1995 - Valery Polyakov spent 437 days, 17 hours and 58 minutes in orbit.
How much is the total time spent by astronauts in space flight
It was the Russian station "Mir" that set and officially recorded absolute world records in relation to the total time of the duration of a person's stay in space flight conditions.
Previous human orbit records:
- 1995 - cosmonaut Valery Polyakov - overcame the mark of 678 days 16 hours 33 minutes. This is the duration of two flights.
- 1999 - Sergey Avdeev - the total time for three flights was 747 days 14 hours 12 minutes.
We can be proud of our compatriots!