* * *

“After drinking a glass of lemonade or water, Danzas does not remember, Pushkin left the confectionery with him; got into a sleigh and set off towards the Trinity Bridge.

God knows what Pushkin thought. On the surface, he was calm...

Of course, not a single thinking Russian person would be able to remain indifferent, seeing off Pushkin, perhaps to certain death; it is all the more clear what Danzas felt. His heart sank at the mere thought that in a few minutes, perhaps, Pushkin would no longer be around. In vain did he intensify to flatter himself with the hope that the duel would be upset, that someone would stop it, someone would save Pushkin; the tormenting thought did not lag behind.

On Palace Embankment they met Ms. Pushkin in the carriage. Danzas recognized her, hope flashed in him, this meeting could improve everything. But Pushkin's wife was short-sighted, and Pushkin looked the other way.

The day was clear. The Petersburg high-society society rode on the mountains, and at that time some of them were already returning from there. Many acquaintances of both Pushkin and Danzas met and bowed to them, but no one seemed to guess where they were going; meanwhile, the story of Pushkin and the Heckerens was well known to all this society.

On the Neva, Pushkin asked Danzas, jokingly: "Are you taking me to the fortress?" - "No, - answered Danzas, - through the fortress to the Black River is the closest road."

On Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt they met two familiar officers of the Horse Regiment in the sleigh: Prince V. D. Golitsyn and Golovin. Thinking that Pushkin and Danzas were going to the mountains, Golitsyn will shout to them: "Why are you driving so late, is everyone already leaving from there ?!"

Danzas does not know which road Dantes and d "Arshiak were driving on; but they drove up to the Commandant's dacha at the same time. Danzas got out of the sleigh and, having agreed with d" Arshiak, went with him to look for a place convenient for the duel. They found such a sazhen about a hundred and fifty from the Commandant's dacha, a larger and denser bush surrounded the area here and could hide from the eyes of the cabs left on the road what was happening on it. Having chosen this place, they trampled down the snow with their feet in the space that was needed for the duel, and then called the opponents.

Despite the clear weather, a fairly strong wind was blowing. The frost was fifteen degrees.

Wrapped in a bearskin coat, Pushkin was silent, apparently, was as calm as he had been during the whole journey, but he expressed strong impatience to get down to business as soon as possible. When Danzas asked him if he found the place chosen by him and d "Arshiak convenient, Pushkin replied:

I don't care at all, just try to do everything as soon as possible.

Having measured the steps, Danzas and d "Arshiak marked the barrier with their overcoats and began to load pistols. During these preparations, Pushkin's impatience was revealed by the words to his second:

Is it all finally over?

Everything was over. The opponents were placed, pistols were handed to them, and at the signal that Danzas made, waving his hat, they began to converge.

Pushkin was the first to approach the barrier and, stopping, began to aim his pistol. But at this time, Dantes, not reaching the barrier of one step, fired, and Pushkin, falling ( wounded Pushkin fell on Danzas overcoat, which retained the bloody lining),said:

I think I have a fractured thigh.

The seconds rushed to him, and when Dantes intended to do the same, Pushkin restrained him with the words:

Wait, I still have enough strength to make my shot.

Dantes stopped at the barrier and waited, covering his chest with his right hand.

When Pushkin fell, his pistol fell into the snow, and therefore Danzas gave him another one.

Rising slightly and leaning on his left hand, Pushkin fired.

Dante fell...

Danzas and d "Arshiak called cabs and with their help they dismantled the fence that was there from thin poles, which prevented the sleigh from approaching the place where the wounded Pushkin lay. Together, seating him carefully in the sleigh, Danzas ordered the cab driver to go at a walk, and he himself went on foot near the sleigh, together with d "Arshiak; the wounded Dantes rode in his sleigh behind them. The wounded Pushkin fell on Danzas' overcoat, which retained the bloodied lining.

At the Commandant's dacha they found a carriage...

Danzas put Pushkinai into it, sat next to him, and drove to the city.

During the journey, Pushkin held himself rather firmly; but, feeling severe pain at times, he began to suspect the danger of his wound ... During the journey, Pushkin was especially worried about not frightening his wife upon arrival home, and gave instructions to Danzas on how to act so that this would not happen.

Pushkin lived on the Moika, on the ground floor of Volkonsky's house. At the entrance, Pushkin asks Danzas to come forward, send people to take him out of the carriage, and if his wife is at home, then warn her and say that the wound is not dangerous. In the hall, people told Danzas that Natalya Nikolaevna was not at home, but when Danzas told them what was the matter and sent them to carry the wounded Pushkin out of the carriage, they announced that their lady was at home. Danzas went straight through the dining room, in which the table had already been set, and into the living room without a report to Pushkin's wife's office. She sat with her older unmarried sister Alexandra Nikolaevna Goncharova. The sudden appearance of Danzas greatly surprised Natalya Nikolaevna, she looked at him with an expression of fright, as if guessing what had happened.

Danzas told her as calmly as he could that her husband shot with Dantes, that although he was wounded, he was very light.

She rushed into the hall, where at that time people were carrying Pushkin in their arms ...

Before evening, Pushkin, having called Danzas, asked him to write down and dictated to him all his debts, for which there were neither promissory notes nor loan letters.

Then he removed the ring from his hand and gave it to Danzas, asking him to accept it as a keepsake.

In the evening he got worse. During the night, Pushkin's suffering intensified to such an extent that he decided to shoot himself. Calling a man, he ordered to give him one of the drawers of the desk; the man did his will, but, remembering that there were pistols in this box, he warned Danzas.

Danzas went up to Pushkin and took the pistols from him, which he had already hidden under the covers; giving them to Danzas, Pushkin admitted that he wanted to shoot himself, because his suffering was unbearable ... "

The poem "October 19" is studied in grade 9. The poem is directly related to the life of Alexander Pushkin. The fact is that on October 19, 1811, he, along with other young people, became a student of the famous Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. It was the first set of lyceum students and, probably, the most famous. Others studied with Alexander Pushkin, who became famous people. Suffice it to recall the Decembrist Pushchin, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Empire Gorchakov, the poet Kuchelbeker, the publisher Delvig, the composer Yakovlev, Admiral Matyushkin. At the end of the final exams, the lyceum students agreed that they would meet every year, on October 19, on the birthday of the lyceum brotherhood. In 1825, Pushkin, while in exile in Mikhailovsky, could not get to the meeting of the lyceum students, but he addressed poetic lines to his friends, included in the collections under the title "October 19". The poem is a true friendly message. But it is so solemn and at the same time sad that it can be compared with both an ode and an elegy. It has two parts - minor and major.

In the first part, the poet says that he is sad on this rainy autumn day and, sitting in an armchair with a glass of wine, tries to mentally transfer himself to his friends - lyceum students. He thinks not only about himself, but also about those who, like him, will not be able to get to the meeting, for example, about Matyushkin, who went on another expedition. The poet remembers everyone and everyone, and speaks with special trepidation about his friend Korsakov, who will never join the cheerful circle of former lyceum students, since he died in Italy. Pushkin sings of lyceum friendship, says that only his former classmates are true friends, after all, only they ventured to visit the exiled and disgraced poet (and the new friends who appeared after studying at the Lyceum are false), their friendship is a sacred union that neither time nor circumstances could destroy. The feeling of sadness and loneliness is intensified by the description of the autumn landscape, which the poet watches from the window. In the second part of the poem, the mood is different, the poet says that next year he will definitely come to the meeting, and the toasts he has already prepared will sound. This day, despite the autumn gloom, he nevertheless spent without grief. The work is extremely emotional. This is both a monologue and a dialogue with friends who are far away and whom the poet would very much like to see. The text of Pushkin's poem "October 19" is replete with appeals, epithets, comparisons, interrogative and exclamatory sentences. They convey the mood of the poet in both parts of the work even more vividly.

This poem is a hymn not only to friendship, but also to the Lyceum. It is in this educational institution the poet was formed as a person, here his literary talent manifested itself. It was in the Lyceum that he understood the deep essence of the words "honor" and "dignity", it was here that all students were taught to truly love their Motherland, so the poet is grateful to the Lyceum (and even to Tsar Alexander the First, who founded it) and is ready to carry the memories of the wonderful school years through a lifetime. Due to their musicality, brightness, the poem "October 19" can be considered a real literary masterpiece. You can read the verse “October 19” by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin online on our website, or you can download it in full for a literature lesson.

The forest drops its crimson dress,
The withered field is silvered by frost,
The day will pass as if involuntarily
And hide behind the edge of the surrounding mountains.
Blaze, fireplace, in my deserted cell;
And you, wine, autumn cold friend,
Pour a pleasant hangover into my chest,
Minute oblivion of bitter torments.

I am sad: there is no friend with me,
With whom I would wash down a long parting,
Who could shake hands from the heart
And wish you many happy years.
I drink alone; vain imagination
Calls comrades around me;
The familiar approach is not heard,
And my dear soul does not wait.

I drink alone, and on the banks of the Neva
My friends are calling me...
But how many of you feast there too?
Who else have you missed?
Who changed the captivating habit?
Who from you was fascinated by the cold light?
Whose voice fell silent at the fraternal roll call?
Who didn't come? Who is not among you?

He did not come, our curly singer,
With fire in his eyes, with a sweet-voiced guitar:
Under the myrtle of beautiful Italy
He sleeps quietly, and a friendly cutter
Did not draw over the Russian grave
A few words in the native language,
So that once you find a sad hello
Son of the north, wandering in a foreign land.

Are you sitting with your friends
Is someone else's skies restless lover?
Or again you pass the sultry tropic
And the eternal ice of midnight seas?
Happy journey! .. From the lyceum threshold
You stepped onto the ship jokingly,
And since that time in the seas your road,
O waves and storms, beloved child!

You saved in a wandering fate
Beautiful years original morals:
Lyceum noise, lyceum fun
Amid the stormy waves dreamed of you;
You extended your hand to us from across the sea,
You carried us alone in a young soul
And he repeated: "For a long separation
We may have been condemned by secret fate!”

My friends, our union is beautiful!
He, like a soul, is inseparable and eternal -
Unshakable, free and carefree,
He grew together under the shadow of friendly muses.
Wherever fate takes us
And happiness wherever it leads
We are all the same: the whole world is a foreign land for us;
Fatherland to us Tsarskoye Selo.

From end to end we are pursued by a thunderstorm,
Entangled in the nets of a harsh fate,
With trepidation I enter the bosom of a new friendship,
The charter, stuck with a caressing head ...
With my sad and rebellious prayer,
With the trusting hope of the first years,
To other friends, he surrendered himself to a gentle soul;
But bitter was their non-brotherly greeting.

And now here, in this forgotten wilderness,
In the abode of desert blizzards and cold,
A sweet consolation was prepared for me:
Three of you, friends of my soul,
I hugged here. Poet's disgraced house,
Oh my Pushchin, you were the first to visit;
You delighted the sad day of exile,
You turned his Lyceum into a day.

You, Gorchakov, are lucky from the first days,
Praise to you - fortune shine cold
Didn't change your free soul:
You are the same for honor and friends.
We are assigned a different path by strict fate;
Stepping into life, we quickly dispersed:
But by chance a country road
We met and fraternally embraced.

When fate befell me with anger,
For all a stranger, like a homeless orphan,
Under the storm I drooped head languid
And I was waiting for you, prophet of Permesian maidens,
And you came, inspired son of laziness,
Oh my Delvig: your voice awakened
Heart heat, so long lulled,
And cheerfully I blessed fate.

From infancy, the spirit of songs burned in us,
And we knew a wondrous excitement;
From infancy, two muses flew to us,
And our lot was sweet with their caress:
But I already loved applause,
You, proud, sang for the muses and for the soul;
My gift, like life, I spent without attention,
You brought up your genius in silence.

The service of the Muses does not tolerate fuss;
Beautiful must be majestic:
But youth advises us slyly,
And noisy dreams delight us ...
We will come to our senses - but too late! and sadly
We look back, not seeing any traces there.
Tell me, Wilhelm, was it not so with us,
My own brother by muse, by fate?

It's time, it's time! our mental anguish
The world is not worth it; Let's leave the confusion!
Let's hide life under the canopy of solitude!
I'm waiting for you, my belated friend -
Come; the fire of a fairy tale
Revive heartfelt legends;
Let's talk about the stormy days of the Caucasus,
About Schiller, about fame, about love.

It's time for me too ... feast, O friends!
I foresee a pleasant rendezvous;
Remember the poet's prediction:
The year will fly by, and I'm with you again,
The covenant of my dreams will be fulfilled;
A year will pass, and I will come to you!
Oh, how many tears and how many exclamations,
And how many bowls raised to heaven!

And the first is fuller, friends, fuller!
And all to the bottom in honor of our union!
Bless, jubilant muse,
Bless: long live the Lyceum!
To the mentors who guarded our youth,
To all honor, both dead and alive,
Raising a cup of gratitude to your lips,
Remembering no evil, we will reward for the good.

Full, full! and with a burning heart,
Again, to the bottom, drink to the drop!
But for whom? other than that, guess...
Hooray, our king! So! let's drink to the king.
He is a human! they are dominated by the moment.
He is a slave of rumors, doubts and passions;
Forgive him the wrong persecution:
He took Paris, he founded the Lyceum.

Eat while we're still here!
Alas, our circle thins hour by hour;
Who sleeps in a coffin, who is a distant orphan;
Fate looks, we wither; the days are running;
Invisibly bowing and growing cold,
We are nearing the beginning of our...
Which one of us is the day of the Lyceum in old age
Will you have to celebrate alone?

Unfortunate friend! among new generations
Annoying guest and superfluous, and a stranger,
He will remember us and the days of connections,
Closing your eyes with a trembling hand...
Let him with joy, even sad
Then this day will spend a cup,
As I am now, your disgraced recluse,
He spent it without grief and worries.

N.V. KOLENCHIKOV,
winner of the Pushkin Prize in 2004
in the CIS and Baltic countries,
Minsk

My friends!
Our union is wonderful!

Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum.
Rice. A. Pushkin

Among all the high and beautiful talents with which the poet was so generously endowed, the talent of friendship stands out in particular. He was given a rare gift of friendship. “For Pushkin, friendship was a sacred need,” wrote P.A. Pletnev.

Russian religious philosopher and writer S.N. Bulgakov noted: “By nature, perhaps, as a seal of his genius, Pushkin was given exceptional personal nobility. First of all, it is expressed in his ability to correct and selfless friendship: he was surrounded by friends in his youth and to death, and he himself remained faithful to friendship all his life.

A special place in the soul of the poet was occupied by friends of his youth - lyceum students; he carried loyalty to the lyceum brotherhood through his whole life. The essence of the relations of the lyceum students was that they are an alliance with the rights of a unique spiritual closeness. This is not even friendship in the usual sense of the word, but something higher, in any case different, an unusual phenomenon of a type of connection never seen before or since.

Pushkin's work became decisive in the inseparable connection of the lyceum students. Pushkin devoted five poems to the lyceum anniversary: 1825, 1827, 1828, 1831, 1936.

Friendship for Pushkin is a saving feeling. And it often helped him in life's difficulties.

The poem "October 19", 1825, was written in exile, in Mikhailovsky. “Following the thoughts of a great man is the most entertaining science,” wrote the poet. Let us take up this most entertaining of the sciences.

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1st stanza

Blaze, fireplace, in my deserted cell...

The poem begins with a picture of nature, in complete harmony with the mood of the poet:

The forest drops its crimson dress,
The withered field is silvered by frost,
The day will pass as if involuntarily
And hide behind the edge of the surrounding mountains.

To enhance the expressiveness of this description, inversion is used.

Drops the forest...
It's freezing cold...
The day will pass...

Pushkin is the first Russian poet who made the connection between man and the natural world almost inseparable. The day will pass as if involuntarily ... As if the day is also in exile, forced, and he does not really want to fulfill his everyday function - to look through. The autumn day is short; light, little joy. In nature - the same as in the soul of the poet.

Srebrit frost wilted field. Amazingly capacious word withered(field). There is an idea of a field with drooping withered grass, covered with silver frost. Participle withered not only creates an accurate visual image, but also gives Pushkin's description a deeply personal, sad shade, after which the following lines about himself are so natural:

Blaze, fireplace, in my deserted cell;
And you, wine, autumn cold friend,
Pour a pleasant hangover into my chest,
Minute oblivion of bitter torments.

Appeals-commands to the fireplace (blaze) to wine (shed hangover) very expressive. With the poet, so far, only these inanimate objects that can brighten up the sadness and melancholy of the link.

2nd stanza

I am sad: there is no friend with me ...

The second stanza is “the motive of non-meeting”, a gloomy appeal to oneself, to one’s loneliness. We see the poet at the end of October, when “the grove is already shaking off the last leaves from its naked branches”, when it is dank and dark in Mikhailov’s groves, when the old one is lonely, and he is twenty-five years old, and the exile stretches for the fifth year, and there is no end in sight :

I am sad: there is no friend with me,
With whom I would drink a long parting ...

3rd stanza

My friends are calling me...

I drink alone... This expression is used in the 2nd stanza and repeated in the 3rd. Through repetition, the poet highlights the key concept - loneliness: "I drink alone" ... But when he says in the 3rd stanza:

I drink alone, and on the banks of the Neva
My friends are calling me...

then one feels the poet's confidence in friends who have not changed captivating habit meet on the day of the Lyceum.

The only thing that remains unknown is whether everyone has gathered. That is why a series of questions follows (seven in one 3rd stanza!):

But how many of you feast there too?
Who else have you missed?
Who changed the captivating habit?
Who from you was fascinated by the cold light?
Whose voice fell silent at the fraternal roll call?
Who didn't come? Who is not among you?

Vaguely addressed questions express various feelings of the poet - conjectures, doubts, reflections... But he does not feel torn off, alienated from friends. In the central stanzas, what happens is what the poet will say later in the poem "Autumn" (1833):

And then an invisible swarm of guests comes to me ...

Friends come to him in his imagination, surround him, he talks with them, talks about them. "October 19" is a "feast of the imagination." And if this is a feast, then healthy toasts should be present. Therefore, the 4-8th stanzas are a series of healthy toasts.

4th stanza

He didn't come, our curly singer...

But the first words are about those "who did not come, who are not among you." The 4th stanza is dedicated to Nikolai Korsakov:

He did not come, our curly singer,
With fire in his eyes, with a sweet-voiced guitar ...

Korsakov N.A. (1800-1820) - Pushkin's lyceum comrade, active employee and editor of lyceum magazines; he was very musical, played the guitar beautifully, set to music Pushkin's poems "O Delia Dragaya ..." and "Yesterday Masha ordered me ...". He died of consumption in Italy, writing his own epitaph:

Passerby, hasten to your native country.
Oh! It's sad to die far away from friends.

5th and 6th stanzas

Oh, waves and storms, beloved child!

These two stanzas of Pushkin are addressed to the lyceum friend Fyodor Matyushkin:

Happy journey! .. From the lyceum threshold
You stepped onto the ship jokingly ...

Even at the Lyceum, Matyushkin dreamed of becoming a sailor. After graduating from the course, he decided to be a midshipman and made a round-the-world voyage on the ship "Kamchatka"; later, becoming a naval sailor, he did a few more circumnavigations, explored the shores of Eastern Siberia, where one cape was named after him. At the end of his life, Matyushkin was a rear admiral and a senator.

Matyushkin's last meeting with the poet took place at the lyceum anniversary in 1836 at the lyceum comrade Yakovlev.

In February 1837, Fyodor Matyushkin, while in Sevastopol, received a terrible letter from St. Petersburg. Here is his answer to his lyceum classmate Yakovlev: “Pushkin has been killed! Yakovlev! How did you allow this? What scoundrel raised his hand to him? Yakovlev, Yakovlev! How could you let that happen. Our circle is thinning ... ". Word fate occurs eight times in the poem, but the first time it is used by the poet in a stanza about F. Matyushkin:

you saved in wandering destiny
Beautiful years, original morals ...

Pushkin also defines his fate with this word. Let's remember:

How often in sorrowful separation,
In my wandering fate
Moscow, I thought about you.

7th stanza

My friends, our union is beautiful!

In the seventh stanza, Pushkin addresses all his friends with a general greeting, acquiring the character of an affirmation of a high fraternal union of like-minded friends:

My friends, our union is beautiful!

These words were repeated by generations of lyceum students. They are carved on a granite pedestal of the monument to Pushkin the lyceum student in the lyceum garden. In an appeal to friends, there is confidence that they will carry brotherhood and spiritual kinship through their whole lives, despite any bitterness of fate.

Why the union of lyceum students unshakable? because he grew together under the shadow of friendly muses, those. under the cover of poetic inspiration, creativity. The lyceum brotherhood was not only a human, but also a poetic brotherhood.

8th stanza

But bitter was their non-brotherly greeting...

This stanza is a return to oneself and clarification of oneself:

From end to end we are pursued by a thunderstorm,
Entangled in the nets of a harsh fate...

As if fate only does what it does, which all the time sets up networks, and he gets entangled in them. He defines his destiny as severe: exile, persecution (drive, languish, depend).

In his forced wanderings around Russia, Pushkin really missed his friends, lyceum and literary. In the south, he tried to get along with new people, but he was bored with some, in others, as in Alexander Raevsky, he was disappointed. Let us pay attention to the key words that speak of the feeling with which the poet indulged in a new friendship: with trepidation; pricked with a caressing head; with a sad and rebellious prayer; with gullible hope ... indulged in tender soul. And as a result of all this openness and tenderness: "But their non-brotherly greeting was bitter." What characterized the friendship of the lyceum students - the holy brotherhood - is given here as a negation - not fraternal hello.

9th stanza

... The disgraced house of the poet,
Oh my Pushchin, you were the first to visit...

Pushchin, Gorchakov, Delvig - a separate stanza (there was a meeting with them).

And now here, in this forgotten wilderness,
In the abode of desert blizzards and cold,
A sweet consolation was prepared for me:
Three of you, friends of my soul,
I hugged here.

In one stanza, these two words, close in meaning, occur. It is a joy to meet three people in Mikhailovsky soul friends. And delight - for Pushchin with his arrival sad day of exile turned into a Lyceum day.

10th stanza

We are assigned a different path by fate strict ...

A peculiar relationship from the school bench was established between Pushkin and Prince A.M. Gorchakov (1798-1883) - a handsome, strong, brilliant and cold man, a darling of fate. In a lyceum letter to Gorchakov, the poet gave his friend a description similar to a prophecy:

My dear friend, we are entering a new world;
But there the destiny assigned to us is not equal,
And we will leave a trace in our lives.
To you by the wayward hand of Fortune
The path is indicated, both happy and glorious, -
My path is sad and dark...

Indeed, Prince Gorchakov became an outstanding diplomat. After graduating from the Lyceum in the first category, with a gold medal, Gorchakov decided to join the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, where he quickly began to advance in the service and subsequently reached the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs.

In 1825, while on vacation, he visited his uncle, the marshal of the nobility in Pskov, and saw Pushkin. “We met and parted rather coldly, at least on my part,” Pushkin wrote to Vyazemsky. But, despite this, he dedicated a few lines to Gorchakov:

We are assigned a different path by strict fate;
Stepping into life, we quickly dispersed:
But by chance a country road
We met and fraternally embraced.

Note here the word brotherly.

11th and 12th stanzas

A poet for Pushkin is a special friend, he is brother by blood. Pushkin responded with deeply felt lines to Delvig's arrival in Mikhailovskoye in the spring of 1825:

This meeting brought the poet back to life, to action, to creativity. Magnanimous and unenvious, Pushkin reproaches himself and admires his friend:

But I already loved applause,
You, proud, sang for the muses and for the soul ...

Memories of two fellow poets - Delvig and Kuchelbecker - enable Pushkin to express the idea of the essence of beauty:

The service of the Muses does not tolerate fuss;
Beautiful must be majestic.

13th and 14th stanzas

My dear brother by muse, by fate ...

Tell me, Wilhelm, was it not so with them,
My own brother by muse, by fate?

This question appears at the end of the 13th stanza. He creates a sense of the presence of a friend, as if Wilhelm is nearby and will immediately answer this question. In Mikhailov exile, Pushkin was looking forward to the arrival of a friend with whom so many youthful memories were associated, but they would meet by chance only in 1827, when the exiled Decembrist Küchelbecker was transported from one fortress to another. This was their last date.

15th stanza

A year will pass, and I will be with you again...

As a reward for the feat of love for friends, the poet is given two gifts. The first gift is the gift of foresight: “The year will rush by, and I will come to you!” ... (In September 1826 (even less than a year later!) Pushkin was released from exile.)

And immediately the structure of the story changes. Immediately - an abundance of exclamatory intonations, delight, ecstasy. And we are also beginning to believe in this meeting.

16th stanza

To the mentors who guarded our youth...

Favorite mentors - Galich, Koshansky, Kunitsyn - were both outstanding and young people. Researcher A.V. Tyrkova-Williams rightly notes: “All three professors - Kunitsyn, Koshansky, Galich - survived the poet. But none of them left any memories of him. They respectfully tinkered with the German and Latin four-degree poets, but did not think to write down, to preserve for future generations the memory of how, before their eyes, a curly, mischievous boy turned into a poet of genius.

But royally magnanimous Pushkin repaid them for all their worries with the majestic beauty of the verse:

To the mentors who guarded our youth,
To all honor, both dead and alive,
Raising a cup of gratitude to your lips,
Remembering no evil, we will reward for the good.

Not all professors of the Lyceum left a big mark on Pushkin's spiritual development, but the poet turned his wise lines of gratitude to all without exception.

Stanzas 14-18 are filled with jubilant, joyful vocabulary. The abundance of exclamatory intonations is combined with imperative forms of verbs: come - revive, feast, drink, remember, bless, long live etc., in which confidence and will sound.

Kunitsyn tribute of heart and wine!
He created us, he raised our fire,
They set the cornerstone
They lit a clean lamp...

Professor of moral and political sciences (let's think about this amazing academic subject!) Alexander Petrovich Kunitsyn, speaking to lyceum students, said: “People, entering society, want freedom and prosperity, and not slavery and poverty; they offer their forces at the disposal of society, but only so that they are turned to the common and, consequently, to their own benefit.

The worldview of Pushkin and his Decembrist friends took shape under the great influence of Kunitsyn.

In 1821, Kunitsyn was dismissed from his chair and even dismissed from service in the Ministry of Public Education for the book he published "Natural Law", which, according to the government, set out "very harmful, contrary to the truths of Christianity and tending to overthrow all family ties and state teachings.

Pushkin expressed his indignation at the ban on Kunitsyn's book in his "Message to the Censor" (1822), which went from hand to hand on lists. On January 11, 1835, sending Kunitsyn his book The History of the Pugachev Rebellion, Pushkin wrote in it: “To Alexander Petrovich Kunitsyn from the Author as a token of deep respect and gratitude.”

Pushkin retained his gratitude to Kunitsyn throughout his life, and in the last poem dedicated to the Lyceum anniversary, he again recalls Kunitsyn's speech:

Do you remember: when the Lyceum arose,
As the tsar opened the palace of the tsaritsyn for us.
And we came. And Kunitsyn met us
Greetings between royal guests.

(It was time..., 1836)

17th stanza

Forgive him the wrong persecution ...

The second gift that was given to Pushkin as a reward for the feat of love is the gift of forgiveness to Alexander I, the persecutor:

He is a human! They are dominated by the moment.
He is a slave of rumors, doubts and passions;
Forgive him the wrong persecution:
He took Paris, he founded the Lyceum.

Let's take a look at these two words: He is a human! It is this purely human dimension of Alexander that interests Pushkin most of all now. Pushkin, as it were, says that all tsars are deeply unhappy people. They don't belong to themselves. They think that they are slaves down there, but it turns out that they themselves are slaves. rumors, doubts and passions. We can only feel sorry for them.

And it is no longer surprising that in 1825, the words previously unthinkable in Pushkin appear: Forgive him the wrong persecution. Pushkin offers a lot to forgive Alexander I for the fact that he took Paris, he founded the Lyceum, as if equating these two events.

18th stanza

Fate looks, we wither; days are running...

This stanza is a touch to the mystery of eternity. Pushkin speaks about death calmly, like people close to nature. The constant thought of death does not leave bitterness in his heart, does not disturb the clarity of his soul:

Eat while we're still here!
Alas, our circle thins hour by hour;
Who sleeps in a coffin, who is a distant orphan;
Fate looks, we wither; the days are running;
Invisibly bowing and growing cold,
We are nearing the start...

The poem "October 19" in 1825 led V.G. Belinsky was completely delighted. He wrote: “Pushkin does not give fate victory over him; he wrests from her at least a part of the joy taken from him. As a true artist, he possessed this instinct of truth, which pointed to him as a source of both grief and consolation and forced him to seek healing in the same essentiality where his illness had visited.

19th stanza

An annoying guest and an extra one, and a stranger ...

This is an appeal to an unfortunate friend who will outlive everyone and will celebrate the day of the Lyceum alone:

Fate put it this way: the last lyceum student of the Pushkin graduation, who had to celebrate the anniversary of the Lyceum alone, was A.M. Gorchakov. Why is he an "unfortunate friend"? Because superfluous and alien among new generations is a “boring guest”. In this stanza, the poet contrasts himself with him, a lonely exile, but at an imaginary feast of friends (who today certainly call him on the banks of the Neva!). Pushkin, it turns out, is happy today, as he spent the day "without grief and worries." This is how he came out of the poem - happy! And the beginning was sad - "I drink alone ...". And this feeling of happiness was given to him by his friends.

"October 19" is a poem about the victory of the imagination. The poet's imagination triumphs over reality!

Few Russian poets could write about friendship the way Pushkin did - not just lovingly, but with understanding. And with the same understanding one should read the verse “The forest drops its crimson dress” by Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich. And for this it is worth knowing that they were written on the day when the pupils of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum from the same class, by agreement, gathered all together. The poet, being in exile at that time, could not be with them and therefore was sad. So Russian literature was replenished with this wonderful friendly message.

The main theme of the work is easy to determine by reading it online - it is a reflection on true friendship. According to Pushkin, only his comrades-lyceum students are true friends. The link taught the poet a useful lesson - only they did not forget the disgraced genius, while many of those whom he also considered worthy of friendly feelings only disappointed him.

The text of Pushkin's poem "The forest drops its crimson dress" is filled with deep sadness at the same time - which is understandable, because he would like to drink not alone, but with his faithful comrades. At the same time, sadness does not completely cover him - the memories that there is such a friendship in his life console him even in exile. This poem must be downloaded and taught in order to realize the value of true friends.

Lyceum Day.

He is not came,curly our singer.

With fire in the eyes sweet-voiced guitar.

Under myrtle of beautiful Italy

he sleeps quietly, and a friendly chisel

did not draw over the Russian grave

a few words on native language,

that once found hello dull

son of the North, roaming in foreign edge.

Nikolai Alexandrovich Korsakov. Picture K. Gampelna.

1800 - 26. 09. 1820

He came from a noble but impoverished Korsakov family. Father- retired guard ensign Alexander Stepanovich Korsakov, mothernee Ryazanova. Brother M. BUT. Dondukov-Korsakov and P. A. Korsakov.

Korsakov was Pushkin's classmate at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. At the Lyceum he occupied room no.43. In 1812, Korsakov was the first to publish the literary handwritten magazine "Inexperienced Pen", the authors of which were himself, Pushkin and Delvig. AT Pushkin's poem "Rose" was placed in this magazine.

Korsakov wrote poetry, mostly satirical or humorous, but he was best known as a musician. In a poem "Feasting Students" (1814) Pushkin mentions his guitar playing and calls Korsakov "Our dear singer, loved by Apollo."

Popular were his romances based on poems by Pushkin and Illichevsky: “Delia dragaya”, “To the painter”, “Yesterday Masha ordered me”. According to Pushchin, "these stanzas were then sung by young girls in almost all the houses where the Lyceum had the right of citizenship."

"The Spirit of Lyceum Troubadours"- a piitic collection compiled in 1816year, personally by the gentlemen of the Piits.

After graduating from the Lyceum (Korsakov received a commendation sheet No.3 with the right to a silver medal), he became an employee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In the autumn of 1819 he was seconded to the Russian mission in Rome. In Italy, he fell ill and soon died in Florence from consumption.

E.A. Engelhardt, director of the Imperial Lyceum at Tsarskoe Selo, later told V. P. Gaevsky: “... An hour before his death, he composed the following inscription for his monument, and when he was told that they would not be able to carve Russian letters in Florence, he himself drew it in large letters and ordered it to be copied onto a stone.”

Passerby, hasten to your native country!

Ah, sad to die far from friends!

All personal papers BUT. Korsakov are lost without a trace. Official short biography it does not contain the exact date of birth. Pushkin dedicated N. BUT. Korsakov the poem "The Coffin of the Young Man" and mentions him in the poem "October 19".

According to the authors of the study about Pushkin’s lyceum comrades, M. and S. Rudensky, “Nikolai Korsakov, of all Pushkin’s fellow students, is perhaps I stood closest to him both in terms of my temperament and significant natural talent.

The coffin of a young man.

He hid
Love, fun gentle pet.
Around him - a deep sleep
and the coldness of the serene grave...

He loved the games of our maidens,
when in the spring in the shade of the trees
they circled free.
But now in a frisky round dance
his refrain is not heard.

How long have the elders admired
his cheerfulness alive?
smiled half sadly
and they said to each other:

And we loved round dances,
minds also shone in us;
but wait: the years will come,
and you will be what we are today.

How are we, O playful guest of the world,
you get tired of the white light.
Now play..."

But the elders are alive
and he withered in the bloom of years.

And without him, friends feast,
To fall in love with others already;
Rarely, rarely called
Him in the conversation of young maidens.

Of the dear wives who loved him,
alone, perhaps shedding tears.
And the memory of the joys of the deceased
calling with a habitual thought ...

To what?..
Over clear waters
tombs, peaceful family,
under tilted crosses
lurk in the age-old grove.

There, on the edge of the main road,
where the old linden rustles,
Forgetting heart worries
our poor young man lies...

In vain the beam of the daylight shines,
or the moon walks in the sky,
and around the insensible tomb
the stream murmurs and whispers the forest;

In vain in the morning for raspberries
to the stream beauty with a basket
goes in the cold key
timidly lowers his leg:

Nothing calls him
from the peaceful canopy of the grave ...

1821

N.V. KOLENCHIKOV, winner of the Pushkin Prize in 2004 in the CIS and Baltic countries, Minsk

My friends! Our union is wonderful!

Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Rice. A. Pushkin

N.V. KOLENCHIKOV,
winner of the Pushkin Prize in 2004
in the CIS and Baltic countries,
Minsk

My friends!
Our union is wonderful!

Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum.
Rice. A. Pushkin