In the state structures of the Empire, there is a division of people working there according to certain hierarchical ladders. One of these ladders is the hierarchy of ranks, which is enshrined in the Table of Ranks of the Arrv Empire. The Table of Ranks consists of two parts - "Hierarchy of military ranks of the armed forces and special services of the Arrv Empire" and "Hierarchy of official ranks of administrators and other services of the Arrv Empire". Each rank has its own numerical code, which is rank soldier according to the Table. The seniority of ranks increases from large numbers to smaller ones, that is, the smaller the numerical code, the older the rank in the Table. Based on the Table of Ranks, a management hierarchy is built (officers and employees of the same rank from various types of armed forces, special forces and public administration services head administrative structures of the same level of subordination), social benefits and the basic salary of officers and employees are calculated, in special cases they are carried out translations from one type Armed Forces to another if necessary. As an exception, the first part of the Table also includes the Imperial Advisers, who are personal representatives of the Ruler of the Empire and report directly to him or to the Coordinator appointed by him from among the Senior Imperial Coordinators. As in the days of Emperor Palpatine, Imperial Advisors help the Ruler govern the state, they are his personal representatives "on the ground".
In each of the types of the Armed Forces and Special Services, there is a strictly defined hierarchy of military ranks, which is described in the first part of the Table of Ranks. The lowest rank is code 21, the highest is 1. The ranks of Lord Admiral and Grand Vizier are not coded and are above the main hierarchy, with the rank of Grand Vizier being considered higher than the rank of Lord Admiral. Military personnel whose ranks have the same code are considered equal in rank. Military personnel with a certain rank in relation to military personnel with lower ranks are considered senior, with higher ranks - junior. Rank codes in the first part of the Table united between different types of the Armed Forces and Special Services throughout the first part of the Table, that is, for example, the captain of the navy is equal in rank to an army colonel and junior in relation to an intelligence major.
The second part of the Table describes the ranks in state management structures and in the units of the Interior Ministry Forces. The coding of ranks in the second part of the Table, unlike the first, independent for each of the structures. This means that numeric rank codes are only meaningful within the structure for which they are defined, i.e. the prefect of the Regional Government is not equal in rank to an adviser to the Imperial Government or a major of the forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, despite the fact that all these three ranks have code 5 in each of their structures. Due to the lack of horizontal unity of the rank coding in the second part of the Table, these three ranks cannot in principle comparable.
There is a clear separation between the concepts of "rank" and "position". Servants with the same rank can hold completely different positions in state structures, this division is especially evident in the Armed Forces. Rank is an indicator of the employee's ability level and capabilities. A position is a specific range of duties that he performs. As a rule, for all positions there is a regular range of ranks that employees must have to occupy this particular position, however, in the Armed Forces this principle is not always observed in combat conditions. In the second part of the Table of Ranks, the ranks are called “official”, since the range of positions for the rank of each rank is quite clearly defined (this is especially true for high ranks of the Government, where the correspondence between the rank and position is unambiguous and, for example, when an employee is transferred to the position of minister, he is automatically appropriate rank is assigned), but, nevertheless, in most cases, the difference between the concepts of rank and position remains.
Hierarchy of military ranks of the armed forces and special services of the Arrv Empire
| The code | space fleet | Army, space infantry, stormtroopers, Guardsmen |
Pilot Corps | Imperial Advisors | military intelligence and counterintelligence |
KOSNOP |
| The code | space fleet | Army, space infantry, stormtroopers, Guardsmen |
Pilot Corps | Imperial Advisors | military intelligence and counterintelligence |
KOSNOP |
| Grand Vizier (GV) | ||||||
| Lord Admiral (Head of the Imperial Armed Forces) (LA) | ||||||
| 1 | Grand Admiral (GA) | Senior Imperial Coordinator (HIC) | Director (DIR) | Commissioner (CMS) | ||
| 2 | ||||||
| 3 | ||||||
| 4 | Chief Admiral (HA) | Chief General (HG) | Marshal (MSH) | |||
| 5 | Fleet Admiral (FA) | General (GN) | Imperial Coordinator (IC) |
General (GN) | General (GN) | |
| 6 | Admiral (AD) | Colonel General (CG) | Vice Marshal (VMSH) | Colonel (COL) | Colonel (COL) | |
| 7 | Vice Admiral (VA) | Lieutenant General (LG) | ||||
| 8 | Rear Admiral (RA) | Major General (MG) | General (GEN) | Junior Imperial Coordinator (JIC) |
Lieutenant Colonel (LC) | Lieutenant Colonel (LC) |
| 9 | Commodore (COM) | Brigadier General (BG) | Colonel (COL) | Senior Imperial Advisor (HIA) | Major (MAJ) | Major (MAJ) |
| 10 | Line captain (LCAP) |
Colonel (COL) | Lieutenant Colonel (LC) | Captain (CPT) | Captain (CPT) | |
| 11 | Captain (C.A.P.) | Lieutenant Colonel (LC) | Major (MAJ) | Oberleutnant (HLT) | Oberleutnant (HLT) | |
| 12 | Commander (CDR) | Major (MAJ) | Captain (CPT) | Imperial Advisor (IA) |
Lieutenant (LT) | Lieutenant (LT) |
| 13 | Lieutenant Commander (LTC) | Captain (CPT) | Oberleutnant (HLT) | Sub-lieutenant (SLT) | Sub-lieutenant (SLT) | |
| 14 | Oberleutnant (HLT) | Oberleutnant (HLT) | Lieutenant (LT) | Junior Imperial Advisor (JIA) | ||
| 15 | Lieutenant (LT) | Lieutenant (LT) | Sub-lieutenant (SLT) | |||
| 16 | Sub-lieutenant (SLT) | |||||
| 17 | Midshipman (MSM) | Master Sergeant (MSRG) | Master Sergeant (MSRG) | |||
| 18 | Senior Specialist (STC) | Sergeant (SRG) | Sergeant (SRG) | Senior Agent (SAG) | Senior Agent (SAG) | |
| 19 | Specialist (SP) | Corporal (CRP) | Senior Technician (STC) | Agent (AG) | Agent (AG) | |
| 20 | Private (PRV) | Technician (TC) | Freelance agent (UAG) | |||
| 21a | Cadet (CT) | Cadet (CT) | Cadet (CT) | Cadet (CT) | Candidate (C.A.N.) | |
| 21b | Recruit (REC) | Recruit (REC) | Recruit (REC) | Recruit (REC) | ||
Hierarchy of official ranks of administrators and other services of the Arrv Empire
| The code | Regional (Colonial) Government | imperial government | |||||
| The code | Regional government | imperial government | Forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (law enforcement agencies, fire department, etc.) | ||||
| Emperor (Ruler of the Empire) | |||||||
| Regent of the Imperial Power (Ruler of the Empire in the absence of the Emperor) | |||||||
| Prime Minister (PMN) | |||||||
| 1 | Grand Moff (GMF) | Minister (MIN) | Chief General (HG) | ||||
| 2 | Moff (MF) | Deputy Minister (VMN) | General (GN) | ||||
| 3 | Viceroy (GGO) | Privy Councilor (SADV) | Colonel General (CG) | ||||
| 4 | Vice Viceroy (VGO) | Active Advisor (AADV) | Lieutenant General (LG) | ||||
| 5 | Governor (GB) | Advisor (ADV) | Major General (MG) | ||||
| 6 | Lieutenant Governor (VG) | Secretary (SEC) | Brigadier General (BG) | ||||
| 7 | Prefect (PRF) | Clerk (CL) | Colonel (COL) | ||||
| 8 | Vice Prefect (VPR) | Lieutenant Colonel (LC) | |||||
| 9 | Manager (MNG) | Major (MAJ) | |||||
| 10 | Secretary (SEC) | Captain (CPT) | |||||
| 11 | Clerk (CL) | Oberleutnant (HLT) | |||||
| 12 | Lieutenant (LT) | ||||||
| 13 | Sub-lieutenant (SLT) | ||||||
| 14 | Master Sergeant (MSRG) | ||||||
| 15 | Sergeant (SRG) | ||||||
| 16 | Corporal (CRP) | ||||||
| 17 | Private (PRV) | 18 | Cadet (CT) | 19 | Recruit (REC) | ||
A FEW WORDS ABOUT VIRTUAL INSIGNIA
D.E.Belokurov
Along with the world of reality in which we live, there are countless virtual universes created by the imagination of artists, writers, filmmakers, computer game developers and others. creative people. From the moment of its appearance, each of these worlds begins to live its own life, no less interesting and rich than the one in which we live. They develop, they grow up, they show the features inherent in the real world. And far from the last place among these features is occupied by people and other sentients in often unusual uniforms with no less unusual insignia, which can already be safely considered as representatives of a virtual unimorphological subculture.
At the same time, it should be noted that this subculture is developing exponentially, and to date, in terms of the variety of types of uniforms and insignia, it is far ahead of real uniformology.
For example: This article attempts to provide a brief overview of the uniform subculture created by world cinema, and, specifically, the insignia used in films. And, since "it is impossible to grasp the immensity", it is proposed to focus on the most prominent representatives of this community, who have already become "classics".
1. Star Wars - Star Wars
Perhaps it is worth starting with well-known sagas, and, first of all, with such a landmark space opera as Star Wars by George Lucas, the first film of which was released in 1977. In total, 6 feature films have been released so far, not counting the many animated series.
Darth Vader, Luke Skywalker, Master Yoda, Solo Hon and Chewbacca immediately come to mind at the words "Star Wars", squadrons of A- and X-fighters attacking the Death Star flash before your eyes, and a characteristic "discharge" sound is in your ears clashing in the desperate cutting of Jedi lightblades. And all these events unfold against the backdrop of a galactic confrontation between two systems - the Galactic Empire of Palpatine (Galactic Empire), which rose on the ruins of the Galactic (Old) Republic (Galactic Old Republic), and supporters of this very Republic, called the Rebel Alliance - Rebel Alliance (full name Alliance for Restore the Republic, The Alliance to Restore the Republic). Well, of course, where there is a war, there is an army with a fleet (in this case, a stellar one), and what army can do without a uniform and appropriate insignia? This is how the unimorphological component appeared in the Star Wars universe, and, apparently, at the mercy of people who have no idea about ergonomics and functionality. And, first of all, it concerns the insignia of the Galactic Empire.
The ranks and ranks of imperial officers were marked with a set of colored squares located on the left side of the chest, in combination with a certain number of metal cylinders, which played the role of multifunctional code devices, which were placed in the "shoulder" pockets. In principle, initially there were several versions of the mentioned system, however, from a certain moment, the system shown in Fig. 1.1 was adopted as the base one. Figure 1.2 shows an example of wearing insignia by officers of the Galactic Empire Armed Forces.
Of course, from an ergonomic point of view, such a system is, to put it mildly, heavy - just try to count the squares on the insignia of senior and senior officers for a fraction of a second to determine the rank.
As for the insignia of privates and sergeants, “this is a great secret”, since none of the sources could find them, and what is found on the Internet is nothing more than fanfiction of Star Wars fans. Of course, fanfiction also has every right to exist, but cannot be considered as the original version.
Fig.1.1. Breastplate officer insignia of the Armed Forces of the Galactic Empire (naval in the numerator, army in the denominator) |
The rank insignia of the Rebel Alliance military personnel seems to be more functional and understandable than those of the imperial opponents, but, apparently, they were created by a big fan of dice or dominoes (Fig. 1.3). Well, how else to regard the gray square stripes with a set of red and blue dots, located on the right or left side of the chest, with the help of which it was possible to identify the owner's rank (Fig. 1.4)?
Nevertheless, despite the numerous shortcomings, we can safely say that Star Wars has made a worthy contribution to the development of virtual cinematic uniformology.
2. "Star Trek" - Star Trek
The next, even bigger space opera is Star Trek.
For the first time, we learned about the United Federation of Planets in 1966, when the first series of the saga appeared on the screens. To date, the Star Trek cinematic universe has 6 television series and 12 feature films.
The evolution of the uniform component of the epic turned out to be much more intense than that of Star Wars. It should be noted that in general only in the Federation Starfleet (Federation Starfleet) 9 systems of insignia were used, replacing each other in chronological sequence and covering a period of 200 years from 2180 to 2380.
One of the features of the Starfleet uniform was its color, depending on the type of service. At the same time, over the 200 years of the described history, the color scheme was constantly changing, but the main line remained practically unchanged: the red color of the uniform or uniform details indicated belonging to the tactical command service, the yellow was left at the mercy of the engineering service, and the research corps secured blue color.
Since in this article it is not possible to fully present all the illustrative material related to the insignia of each of the eras, Fig. 2.1 shows the evolution of insignia from 2180 to 2380. on the example of the captain.
 |
||
Fig.2.1. The evolution of the insignia of the Starfleet of the Federation on the example of the captain |
And Fig. 2.2 shows the insignia of the Starfleet of the Federation in the final version, which has become a kind of "textbook". The indicated insignia were worn on the collar on the right, with the exception of flag officers - the latter were worn on the collar on both sides (Fig. 2.3). It is easy to see that the American-British naval rank system is taken as the basis.
 |
||
Fig.2.2. "Textbook" Starfleet collar insignia |
In addition to the "textbook", I would also like to note two more original insignia systems that were used in the feature film "Into Darkness", which was shown in our box office under the name "Retribution", and the series "Dark Mirror" (Dark Mirror) from the 4th season of the television series, relating to the periods 2259-2270. and 2367, respectively (Fig. 2.4 and 2.5). Figure 2.6 shows an example of wearing insignia in the film "Retribution".
All of the above applies only to the Federation Starfleet, in addition to which there were many more races that had their own armed forces and, accordingly, their own system of insignia. And, of course, first of all, it is necessary to mention the Klingon Empire.
Among the Klingons, insignia in the form of badges (pins) were worn on the collar on the right side, and, although due to the lush vegetation inherent in this race on the face, it is almost impossible to see them, it was possible to restore the officer line of insignia (Fig. 2.7), which cannot be said about the line of the lower ranks.
3. "Babylon 5" - Babylon 5
This 110-episode space opera revolves around the giant space station Babylon 5, which acts as a stronghold for the peaceful resolution of conflict situations on a galactic scale. The first series was released in 1993, the last - in 1998.
One of the main players in the galactic political arena is the community of planets, known as the Earth Alliance, which has a fairly powerful armed forces in the army and star fleet. And, quite naturally, the mentioned armed forces had their own uniforms and original insignia, however, also based on the US-British system (Hollywood, well, what can you take from it).
Sleeve patches were used as insignia for privates and sergeants of both the army and navy, almost identically repeating the insignia of the US Army, only with a chevron down (Fig. 3.1), and officers differed in rectangular shoulder straps (Fig. 3.2 shows shoulder straps army officers, Fig. 3.3 - navy). An example of wearing shoulder straps is shown in Fig. 3.4
In general, the system is understandable and quite functional, despite not some excess. At least you don't have to count the squares to figure out the rank of the owner.
4. "Underwater Odyssey" - SeaQuest DSV
The creators of this 59-episode television series, which delighted the eyes of fans from 1993 to 1996, decided not to leave their native planet, quite sensibly judging that there were enough white spots on Earth waiting for their discoverers. And, first of all, it concerns, of course, the depths of the World Ocean.
In the center of the story - the adventures that befell the crew of the experimental combat submarine "Sequest" (SeaQuest, literally "sea search") of the United Earth Oceans Navy.
Since we are talking about the fleet, there are two branches of the Armed Forces in the series - the fleet itself (Navy) and the "rapid reaction forces" in the format of the marines (Marines).
As insignia, triangular stripes were used - sleeve and collar. The navy insignia is shown in Fig. 4.1, and Fig. 4.2 shows the insignia of the Marine Corps of the United Oceans of the Earth. Figure 4.3 shows examples of wearing insignia on uniforms.
 |
|
Fig.4.1. United Oceans Navy insignia |
 |
|
Fig.4.2. United Oceans of the Earth Marine Corps insignia |
We must pay tribute to the filmmakers - the world of "Underwater Odyssey" turned out to be well-designed and solid, and another confirmation of this is the logical system of ranks and their corresponding insignia.
5. "Andromeda" - Andromeda Ascendant
Andromeda is an American-Canadian space opera released in 2000.
In total, for the period from 2000 to 2005, 5 seasons were released with a total duration of 110 episodes, after which the series moved into the category of "completed".
The epic film follows the adventures of the crew of the starship Andromeda Ascendant, or simply Andromeda, led by Captain Dylan Hunt, in the Systems Commonwealth universe, which encompasses our Milky Way Galaxy, the Triangulum Galaxy and the Andromeda Nebula.
From external and internal enemies, the interests of the Commonwealth are protected by the armed forces - the High Guard (High Guard), consisting of a star fleet, called Argosa (The Argosy), and an army, represented by the Lancer Corps (Lancer Corps).
As insignia, both of them used badges or stripes located on the collar. At the same time, each type of armed forces has its own badges and their corresponding ranks: in Fig. 5.1 the naval system is presented, in Fig. 5.2. - army. Figure 5.3 shows an example of wearing insignia.
 |
|
5.2. Lancer Corps insignia |
In my opinion, the insignia are quite functional (with the exception of the naval lower ranks, again, ergonomics let us down) - however, one gets the impression that chess played an important role in the life of their developers.
6. Battlestar Galactica - Battlestar Galactica
This film epic, perhaps, can be safely attributed to the category of "Phoenixes", now and then reborn from the ashes. The fact is that the first feature film with that name was released in 1978, followed by a 24-episode television series that ended in 1979. Then, in 2003, a decision was made to remake, and between 2004 and 2009, 73 episodes were released, divided into 4 seasons, and in 2010 a 12-episode film "Caprica" was released, which tells about the beginning of the confrontation between humans and Cylons. And this is not counting several feature films also related to the Galaxy cruiser universe.
It should be noted that from a uniformological point of view, the film epic turned out to be on top. True, there is some eclecticism in the rank system itself due to the mixing of army and navy officer ranks, but, in general, this does not spoil the overall picture.
This uniformological aspect is most clearly manifested in the series of 2004-2009. Badges (pins) placed on the collar are used here as insignia (Fig. 6.1).
 |
|
Fig.6.1. Insignia of the armed forces of mankind of the universe of the cruiser "Galaktika" (naval in the numerator, army in the denominator) |
It is clear, convenient and quite ergonomic (Fig. 6.2).
And, most importantly, it is original, functional, and from an aesthetic point of view it looks quite good. It seems to me.
7 Starship Troopers - Starship Troopers
Although Starship Troopers by Paul Verhoeven was based on the novel of the same name by the American science fiction writer Robert Heinlein, apart from the very idea of confrontation between people and beetles and the main actors The movie and the book have almost nothing in common. At the same time, I personally like the interpretation of events in the film version much more, despite the numerous technical and logical mistakes - well, here, as they say, the taste and color.
The film was released in 1997 and immediately gained enormous popularity among fans of the genre. Subsequent films in the franchise have not been as compelling, however, the Starship Troopers universe has taken a strong position alongside the cinematic worlds already mentioned in this article.
What immediately caught my eye after the first viewing was a well-designed uniform component with understandable and functional insignia (Fig. 7.1) - at least with regard to the daily uniform of the mobile infantry, the main strike force of the Federation (Fig. 7.2).
At the same time, the insignia system of the Federation starfleet looks less coherent; in any case, with all the desire, it was not possible to build any harmonious sequence. Nevertheless, the mentioned insignia are present in the film (Fig. 7.3), and perhaps a deeper analysis will allow us to recreate the entire line as a whole.
It is clear that the aforementioned line can be found on the Internet, but - alas - all this, again, is exclusively fan fiction.
8. "Safari No. 6"
In 1990, the domestic film "Safari No. 6" by a little-known director and screenwriter Andrejs Abols was released, which tells about a civil war in a certain fictional country. The plot was not original (a detachment under the command of Captain Ander and Sergeant Gez needed to destroy a certain strategic object, and during the operation the participants gradually realize that they are only pawns in someone's own game), and the budget was clearly not up to par, so that the film went practically unnoticed at the box office, despite the fact that Viktor Avilov played the main role in it.
At the same time, this film is of great interest precisely from a uniformological point of view, since it was the first time in Soviet cinema that a system of virtual insignia was used. The latter were discs of red and white colors, which in a certain amount (depending on the rank) were attached to the flap of the left breast pocket (Fig. 8.1). In principle, it is understandable and accessible, and, most importantly, inexpensive (Fig. 8.2).
From a uniformological point of view, this film is interesting because, in fact, after Safari No. 6, it turned out to be the second domestic film that uses fictional insignia.
Unfortunately, it was not possible to restore the entire line of insignia, we had to limit ourselves to only three ranks - really private, corporal and captain (Fig. 9.1). A candidate for a truly ordinary, of course, did not wear insignia.
The insignia was located on the left side of the chest of the uniform of the Combat Legion (Fig. 9.2).
At the same time, it is not entirely clear whether the color scheme of the stripes carries any semantic load or not.
Instead of a conclusion
As noted above, this article is an attempt to review virtual cinematic uniformology exclusively in the context of insignia. But this is just the tip of the iceberg, whose name is creative fantasy. And God forbid that this iceberg does not melt in the ocean of everyday life.
Sources
1. Films of the Star Wars series - Star Wars, 1977-2008
2. The series and films of the Star Trek franchise - Star Trek, 1966-2014
3. The series "Babylon 5" - Babylon 5, 1993-1998
4. The series "Underwater Odyssey" - SeaQuest DSV, 1993-1996
5. The series "Adromeda" - Andromeda Ascendant, 2000-2005
6. The series "Battlestar Galactica" - Battlestar Galactica, 2004-2009
7. The movie "Starship Troopers" - Starship Troopers, 1997
8. The film "Safari No. 6", 1990
9. The film "Inhabited Island", 2008-2009
Military rank in the Russian Imperial Army, which existed in the 18-19 centuries, below major general and above colonel. It was introduced by Peter I.
The rank of captain-commander corresponded to him in the fleet. in some armies today it corresponds to the rank of "brigadier".
Wahmister
This position was common in the cavalry, its non-commissioned officers, as well as in the artillery in the army of our country (Cossack troops, cavalry, and also the gendarme corps). It existed until 1917, when the military ranks of the tsarist army of Russia were in effect. Not everyone had an analogue to the titles in the USSR. Wahmister, for example, was not in. The duty of a person with this rank was to assist in the training of troops and the organization of internal order and economy to the squadron commander. The corresponding rank in the infantry is sergeant major. For non-commissioned officers, this rank would have been the highest until 1826.
lieutenant general
We continue to describe the military ranks in tsarist Russia, let's move on to the lieutenant general. This rank and military rank was in the Ukrainian and Russian armies. It was used simultaneously (almost as a synonym) with the latter during the Northern War, more precisely, in its second half, supplanted the rank of lieutenant general.
Field Marshal General
This is the highest military rank in the ground forces of the Austrian, German and Russian armies. It was introduced in our country by Peter I in 1699. This rank of class I corresponded in the navy to the rank of admiral general, in the civil service - to the chancellor, as well as to the privy councilor (also class I). The field marshal's baton served as a badge of distinction, since the 19th century they began to be depicted in the buttonholes of field marshals in a crossed form. Distinguished military ranks in tsarist Russia were shoulder straps, where representatives of the rank we are describing also depicted wands. An example of a well-known Field Marshal in the history of our country is D. A. Milyutin.
Since 2009, this symbol has also been present on the emblem of the current one by all the Armed Forces of our country.
Generalissimo
In the Holy Roman Empire, this was the highest military rank, and later became such in Russian Empire, as well as in the USSR and a number of other countries.
Historically, it was assigned to commanders of several, mostly allied, armies, commanders, and in some cases also to statesmen or persons belonging to families of reigning dynasties, as an honorary title. This rank stood outside the system of other officer ranks.
A. V. Suvorov received this title on October 28, 1799 in accordance with the Military Regulations, since he was the prince of the Sardinian kingdom, and at the same time the count of the Roman Empire, the prince of the Russian, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Austrian, Sardinian and Russian troops. Currently, in our country it is not provided for by law.
Esaul
The next rank continues our list of "Military ranks in Tsarist Russia". Esaul is the rank of chief officer in the Cossack and Russian troops. This title means assistant, deputy commander. Yesauls are: military, general, hundreds, regimental, marching, stanitsa, artillery.
Captain Commander
This rank existed in 1707-1732, and also in 1751-1827 in the fleet of our country. He was introduced in 1707 and listed in the Table of Ranks in 1722, belonged to class V, was considered lower than rear admiral and higher than the rank of captain of a ship (captain of the first rank - from 1713). In the army, this rank corresponded to a brigadier, and in state (civilian) positions - a state adviser. Appeal to the representative of this title - "Your honor." His duties included commanding detachments of ships (small), as well as replacing the rear admiral for a while.
Corporal
This military rank, which the junior command staff had, is the lowest sergeant (non-commissioned officer) rank. In our country, it appeared in 1647, introduced by Peter I "Military Regulations". Later, in the first half of the 19th century, it was replaced by the rank of non-commissioned officer. Today, in the modern Armed Forces, a corporal corresponds to such a rank as "junior sergeant".
Cornet
This is a military rank that was in the armies of some countries, mainly in the cavalry. Its name comes from the ancient position of a trumpeter, who was with the commander, who, on his orders, transmitted signals to the troops during the battle. The holders of this rank are listed in the same class as army lieutenants, therefore they wear the same shoulder straps. Note that the rank of second lieutenant does not exist in the cavalry.
Podsaul
We continue to describe military ranks in tsarist Russia, we present you the following. This position has existed since the 16th century, and then in Russia it was the chief officer rank in the Cossack troops of the X class (in 1798-1884) and the IX class in the aforementioned list of the "Table of Ranks" (1884-1917), in which there were military ranks in tsarist Russia and their salaries are indicated.
It was equated in 1798 in the cavalry with the rank of staff captain, in the infantry with the rank of staff captain, in the navy with a lieutenant, and also with the rank of titular adviser in the civil service.
Second Lieutenant
This chief officer rank, which existed in the Russian army, was introduced by Peter I in Russia in 1703.
After the rank of ensign for peacetime was abolished in 1884, he became the first officer for all troops, except for the Cossacks and cavalry, where he corresponded to the rank of cornet, cornet. In the navy of the Empire, the rank of midshipman was an analogue to him, and in the civil service - the provincial secretary. In the armed forces of the Russian Federation, the rank of second lieutenant corresponds to "lieutenant".
lieutenant
The military rank belonging to junior officers in the armies of pre-revolutionary Russia and Poland corresponded to the position of senior lieutenant. In the 18-19 centuries, there was also a "lieutenant" as an orthographic variant of this rank. Military ranks in tsarist Russia in 1812, for example, included this rank.
It was an officer for assignments, which corresponds to the rank of senior lieutenant in the USSR and Russia.
Ensign
We continue to describe the military ranks in the tsarist army. The ensign exists in the armed forces, as well as other power structures in a number of countries. By decree of Alexei Mikhailovich, in the Russian army in 1649, standard-bearers began to be called ensigns, who were appointed from among the most physically strong, courageous and battle-tested warriors. Creating a regular army, Peter I in 1712 introduced this rank as a junior (first) rank of officers in the cavalry and infantry. Until 1917, it was assigned to persons who completed an accelerated course at ensign schools or military schools and passed exams according to a certain program. It was allowed to assign it without an exam for military distinctions to non-commissioned officers who had a secondary or higher education. Ensigns were usually appointed to positions by platoon commanders. In the Red Army (in 1917-1946), as well as the Soviet (until 1972), there was no similar rank of ensign. On January 1, 1972, it was introduced (along with the rank of midshipman) in the Armed Forces of the USSR. In the modern army of our country, he corresponds to the position of junior lieutenant.
Captain
The captain completes our list of "Military ranks in the tsarist army". It was the senior officer rank in the cavalry (in the Russian Empire - chief officer). In 1730, in connection with the creation of heavy cavalry, new titles of ranks appeared, among which was the captain. Ulansky and in 1882 were transformed into dragoons, and to establish uniformity in ranks throughout the cavalry, dragoon captains began to be called captains. In 1917, this rank was abolished. In the 20th century it existed, for example, in Poland.
These are the main military ranks in the tsarist army of Russia.