Ecological fairy tale for older children preschool age
"Air, Water, Fire"
A long time ago, three sisters lived on planet Earth. The oldest was called Air, the middle one was Water, the youngest was called Fire. The sisters were inseparable and friendly. But once a dispute arose between them, which of them is more important and more necessary for a person.
Sister Air says:
I am the first who appeared on planet Earth, life began to emerge with me: plants, animals, birds, insects, and, of course, man. Without air, a living organism cannot live more than three minutes.
The middle sister objected - Water.
I am more important than anyone in the world. Even every blade of grass, the smallest bird, will not live long without me. What can we say about fish and animals whose home is water. And a person starts every morning by washing his face and brushing his teeth, preparing food and drinks, washing clothes, watering plants, and all thanks to me. I am the most needed on the planet!
In order for a person to cook food and not freeze in a severe frost, fire is needed, the younger sister said. - When a person appeared on planet Earth, air and water were available to him, and he invented me himself. So I am more important for a person.
For a long time the sisters argued about their importance, but did not come to any decision. Then the sisters turned to the planet Earth:
Mother planet Earth, judge which of us is more important and necessary?
Planet Earth answered:
My dear daughters, the three elements - Air, Water and Fire, do not quarrel, but rather look at how a person treats each of you. The one who sees a caring attitude towards herself, the one who will be the most important.
The sisters began to think about the words of the mother of the planet, and decided to observe human behavior in the city. The first volunteered to see the older sister - Air.
A man will take care of me, where can he be without clean air.
But suddenly she saw how the cars released exhaust gas, and coughed. In the distance stood large plants and factories, exhaling puffs of black, blue, green smoke. The older sister wept.
A person does not protect me at all, he does not need me, apparently.
The middle sister, Water, chuckled:
I know for sure that a person is obliged to protect me. Where would he be without me?
She just said the last word, as from the same plant, chemical waste began to pour directly into a clean river. Before the eyes of the middle sister, fish, crayfish and other river animals began to die. The person who drank such water was sick.
Angry Water:
How is it possible: they themselves poison the water, and then they drink it !!!
The middle sister was completely desperate. And only the youngest still hoped for the championship. But when she saw how the fire was not extinguished in the forest, and the flame embraced all living things around, she prayed:
Mother, planet Earth, I don’t want to be in a person’s life, but I was created to bring benefit, not harm.
The sisters Air, Water and Fire have completely drooped, they no longer remember their disagreements.
Maybe we don't need a person at all? Maybe it's better that we weren't in his life at all?
Wait! Do not hurry! - called out to them the planet Earth. You have seen only the worst deeds of man, but there are other people. There are many children on the planet, and they appreciate your participation in their lives. For example, they see off the winter and meet the spring on the Shrovetide holiday. Children prepare a doll from multi-colored fabric, burning it on the street. Everyone sings, dances, rejoices, eat pancakes, which cannot be cooked without fire. In the summer, when it is very hot, kids celebrate "Neptune's Day". They joyfully water each other from watering cans, sprinklers, glorifying water. With the help of air, the children blow soap bubbles, the teacher helps them organize games with a kite and spinners.
AT kindergarten educators teach children to protect nature. Even the smallest children know that water quenches thirst not only for humans and animals, but plants also need it. To be healthy children need to walk more in the fresh air. And you can’t play with matches, otherwise trouble will happen!
The sisters looked at each other, wiped away their tears, and decided:
If there are children on planet Earth, then they equally need air, water and fire.
Since then, the three sisters Air, Water and Fire began to live together.
For parents:
Look at the poster carefully with your child.
It encodes the basic properties of air.
- air has no shape
- air has no color
- the air has no taste
- air is invisible
- the air is odorless.
To prove this, you have to go with your child
conduct a series of experiments.
Experience No. 1 "Air has no shape"
You will need:
- three balls of different shapes.
Target:
prove that air has no shape.
Experiment progress:
The child inflates three balloons of various shapes.
What's happening:
The air takes on the shape of the balloon you just inflated.
Conclusion: air has no form.
Experience number 2 "Air has no color"
You will need:
paper .
Target: show that air is transparent.
Experiment progress: Compare air with opaque objects.
Let's take a sheet of paper. It is opaque - through it we do not see the surrounding objects. And you can see everything through the air.
Conclusion:the air is transparent, because the surrounding objects are visible through it.Experience No. 3 "The air has no taste"
Experiment progress:
Ask your child the following questions: Does the air have a taste? (NO) Can we try it? (YES) Open your mouth and inhale. Do you feel anything? (no) What conclusion can we draw? Does the air have a taste?
Conclusion: so the air has no taste.
Experience No. 4 "Invisible Air"
You will need:
- two bowls of water and a glass.
Pick up an empty glass and ask your baby:
Do you think this glass is empty? Look closely, is there anything in it? And now we will check it.
Hold the glass straight and lower slowly. What happens? Why doesn't water get into the glass? What's stopping you from lowering the glass?
Conclusion: There is air in the glass, it does not let water into it.
And now you again offer to lower the glass into the water, but now hold the glass not straight, but slightly tilted.
What appears in the water? (bubbles). Where did they come from? (Air comes out of the glass and water takes its place) And why did we first think that the glass was empty? (Because air is not visible, it is transparent)
Conclusion: Air is invisible, but surrounds us everywhere.Experience number 5 "The air has no smell"
You will need:
(for older preschool children)
Program content: Form an idea about the air, its properties (colorless, has weight, odorless, lighter than water, moves); about the role in the life of living beings.
Develop interest in cognitive activity and experimentation.
To develop thinking, to teach to draw conclusions in the process of experiment, to substantiate judgments.
Materials and equipment: Hanging scales; 2 identical balloons; a glass of water for each; tubes for a cocktail; an empty glass for each; transparent container with water; 2 candles; jar; matches; fans for each; cellophane bags for each; sharp sticks for each; soap bubbles on the floor of the group; cards - designations of air properties; toy Frog; bundled balloons.
preliminary work: Conversation “Alive and not Live nature»; looking at illustrations in an encyclopedia; observations while walking the wind.
Educator:Guys, today we will have an unusual lesson.
Remember, we talked about living and non-living nature. Let's remember what refers to wildlife (people, animals, plants)?
And what about inanimate nature (stones, water, air, soil, stars)?
Well done! Now listen carefully to the riddle. If you solve it, you will know what we will talk about today in class.
We need it to breathe
To inflate the balloon.
With us every hour
But we do not see it for us.
That's right, it's air.
Guys, what do you know and can say about the air?
Our entire planet is shrouded in an air blanket. Air is everywhere: on the street, in the room, in the ground, water and even inside us.
(Sounds come from outside the door)
Frog: Oh, help me, save me, I'm flying!!!
Educator: Who is that screaming (opening the doors)?
(A frog flies into the room on balloons).
Hello frog! How did you get to us?
Frog: Hello guys! I was walking with balloons, but suddenly the wind picked me up and carried me, carried me and brought me to your kindergarten.
How interesting are you here! What are you doing here? May I stay?
Educator: Of course, stay. Today we are talking about the air with the guys.
frog: About the air? What is air? I heard something about him, but never met him. Maybe it doesn't exist at all?
Educator: Wait, frog. I have never met him either, but I know that he is around us.
Frog: I don't see anything. Where is he? Where did he hide?
Educator: He didn't hide anywhere. Guys, let's prove to the frog that there really is air. I invite everyone to the mini-lab so that we can conduct experiments like real scientists (children move to the tables).
Experience #1 "How to Catch Air".
Educator: Take plastic bags from the table and try to catch air.
Roll up the packages. What happened to the packages? What is in them? What is he? Do you see him?
Frog: I'm sure there's nothing there!
Educator: Well! Let's check. Take a sharp stick and carefully pierce the bag. Bring it to your face and press it with your hands. What do you feel?
(The teacher brings the package to the frog).
Frog: I don't see it, but I feel it.
Educator: Well done frog! You yourself have drawn the correct conclusion that air cannot be seen, but it can be felt.
Let's put on the easel a card-designation of the property of air “Air has no color. It's transparent."
Experience #2"What's in the glass?"
Educator: Look, I have a glass in my hands. Do you think it's empty?
Frog: It is clear to everyone that there is nothing in it.
Educator: Now we'll check it out. We need a container of water and this glass.
Turn the glass upside down and slowly lower it into the water. Please note that the glass must be kept level.
What do you see? Does water get into the glass?
We take out. Look, the outside of the glass is wet, but inside?
(The teacher invites the children to touch the glass inside).
Guys, why didn't the water get into the glass? What can be the conclusion?
That's right, there is air in the glass, it does not let water into it.
And now, let's try to lower our glass into the water, but we will keep it slightly tilted. Look carefully what appeared in the water?
We see air bubbles. Where did he come from?
What can be the conclusion?
When lowering a glass into water, it gradually displaces air from it, taking its place.
Frog: Guys, I also remembered how you can see the air! I sat in the pond and blew bubbles through the straw into the water. It was so much fun.
Educator: Well done frog! You told me another interesting experiment with air.
Experience No. 3"Air is lighter than water"
Educator: In front of you are glasses of water and straws for a cocktail. Insert the straws into the water and blow into them. What do you see? What comes out of the water with bubbles? Where does it come from?
Frog: Why do bubbles rise to the surface?
Educator: Because air is lighter than water.
Let's put another card on the easel - the designation of the property of air "Air is lighter than water."
Guys, frog! I have a little surprise for you.
(The teacher takes out soap bubbles).
What is it? What do you think is inside the bubbles? Let's play a little. First, some children will inflate them, others will catch them, and then vice versa.
Fizminutka "Soap bubbles".
Now let's go to our laboratory. We are waiting for new discoveries!
Do you think air has weight?
Frog: Of course not!
Educator: Want to check it out?
Experience No. 4 "Does air have weight?"
(The teacher picks up a balloon.)
What do I have in my hands? Why is it called that? Well done!
We will need scales and two identical balloons.
These scales can be made by yourself from a string and a stick (shows scales).
On both sides I hung the balls. Look, now the scales are balanced.
I'll take a sharp stick and pierce one of the balls.
What happened? What can be the conclusion?
The air balloon went down, and the burst balloon went up. So a balloon with air is heavier than a balloon without air.
We put on the easel a new card-designation of the property of air “Air has weight”.
Frog: I wonder if the air smells? What do you guys think?
Educator: Try to suck in air through your nose. Does it smell?
We put the following card "The air has no smell"
Frog: Then why does the kitchen smell of pies, and flowers in the meadow
Educator: Wait, don't rush. I'll try to explain to you. The air has no smell, but moving, it can bring it to our noses.
Frog: Does he still know how to move?
Educator: Tell the frog, how did you come to visit us today?
Frog: The wind brought me.
Educator: Guys, what is the wind? What is the wind like?
Wind is the movement of air. Can we feel the movement of air? What about seeing?
On a walk, we often observe the movement of air (trees sway, clouds run, a spinner spins, steam from the mouth).
Can we feel the movement of air in the room? How?
Experience No. 5"Air Movement"
Pick up a fan, wave in front of your face. What did you feel?
And if we opened the window now, how would we feel? Well done!
So, we conclude that the air is moving and put a new card-designation of the properties of air.
Guys, today we talked a lot about air, its properties, but we forgot to say the most important thing, that air is necessary for all living things. Without it, we will not live even 5 minutes.
Try it, close your mouth and pinch your nose with two fingers. Don't breathe.
Why did you remove your hand and open your mouth? What did you miss? Did you feel good without air?
Let's do one more experiment.
Experience No. 6 "Why does the flame go out?"
Take 2 candles, light them. We will cover one of them with a jar and observe what happens.
Why did the candle in the jar go out?
The jar ran out of oxygen and formed carbon dioxide. In the same way, we cannot live without oxygen in the air.
Tell me guys, where does oxygen come from?
Frog: So if there were no plants, we wouldn't be able to breathe?
Educator: That's right frog!
Children, what can you conclude?
We need to plant more plants and not pollute the air with exhaust gases. We need to protect our planet, take care of the purity of the air.
Well done boys! You worked very well, learned a lot, and I hope you remember a lot.
Let's remember on the cards-designations everything that we talked about in the lesson.
1. Air has no color.
2. Air is lighter than water.
3. The air is odorless.
4. Air has weight.
5. Air is moving.
6. We breathe air. He is part of nature.
Frog: Thank you guys for such an interesting activity. Now I'm the smartest frog in the world!
Educator: Be sure to visit us again.
Frog: I want to give you these balloons. Now I know why they are called air!!!
Presentation for the lesson
Back forward
Attention! The slide preview is for informational purposes only and may not represent the full extent of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.
Purpose of the lesson: to form children's ideas about the air and its properties.
Lesson objectives:
- to contribute to the enrichment and consolidation of children's knowledge about the properties of air, to expand children's understanding of the importance of air in the life of humans, animals, plants;
- to develop in children the ability to establish causal relationships on the basis of an elementary experiment and draw conclusions;
- to consolidate elementary ideas about the sources of air pollution, about the importance of clean air for our health, about some rules of environmental safety, to develop the environmental awareness of children;
- to develop in children the skills of cooperation through involvement in various activities with children and adults;
- to cultivate a culture of communication, to intensify the speech activity of children.
Lesson progress
- Guys, listen carefully and guess the riddle:
We need it to breathe
To inflate the balloon.
With us every hour
But he is invisible to us!
- What is it?
Yes, that's right, it's air. And today we will talk about the air like real scientists-researchers. To do this, I invite you to the laboratory.
The teacher shows the picture (slide 2) with the image of the planet Earth.
Our planet Earth is surrounded on all sides by a thick layer of air.
This amazing shell is called the atmosphere. If it were not there, all living things would die in the scorching rays of the Sun during the day, and at night they would die from cosmic cold. Without air, our planet Earth would be a dead desert.
Wherever we go, wherever we go by sea or by land, there is air everywhere.
“Which of you guys has seen the air?” I don't see him in our lab either, but I know he's here. And now, together with you, we will be convinced of this.
OBSERVATION 1. How to detect air.
- Air is easy to detect if you create its movement. Wave your fan in front of your face. What did you feel?
(Air is not visible, but it can be felt by the skin as a light breeze).
OBSERVATION 2 (with sachets)
- And yet, the air can be "caught" in a bag. What's in our bags? (air)
- And what is he? Do we see him? Why don't we see it? (Air is colorless, transparent)
What is the bag filled with air like? (elastic)
– Various soft objects can be inflated (filled) with air. Filling objects, the air becomes elastic, and shapeless objects take shape. (Inflate a soft shapeless ball, let the children touch it). What objects have air inside? (ball, car tires)
OBSERVATION 3. Experience with a straw.
How else can you see the air? Take a straw each and blow through it into a glass of water. What comes out of the water with bubbles?
What other bubbles can you blow? (soapy)
What is inside soap bubbles? (air)
CONCLUSION A: Air is everywhere.
OBSERVATION 4. There is air in all objects.
On the teacher’s table there is a jar of water and small objects (a stone, a button, a sponge, etc.)
Is there air in these objects? (children's answers)
- I will lower these objects into the water, and you carefully observe what happens? (objects sink (fall to the bottom), while bubbles come out of them, which rise up)
- Bubbles are air, it was in the object and left it when the object fell into the water. Air bubbles rose up; air is lighter than water.
OBSERVATION 5. Air takes up space.
I have a glass with a piece of paper at the bottom. What do you think, if you put a glass in water, what will happen to the leaf, will it get wet or stay dry?
Turning the glass upside down, slowly lower it into the water (the glass must be held straight) until it touches the bottom. Then take the glass out of the water. Why is the paper at the bottom of the glass dry?
(children's answers)
- There is air in the glass, it was he who did not let the water wet the leaf, he did not let the water into the glass.
And now I will lower the glass with the leaf into the water, but I will hold the glass a little obliquely. What appears in the water? Air bubbles are visible. Where did they come from? Air leaves the glass and water takes its place. What happened to our piece of paper? He got wet. Water forced the air out of the glass and took its place, occupied all the space and wetted the piece of paper.
So what have we learned about air? (slide 3)
- Air is everywhere.
- It is transparent, colorless, tasteless, odorless.
- Lighter than water.
He is a transparent invisible
Light and colorless gas.
Weightless scarf
He envelops us.
GAME "LEARN BY SMELL"
The air itself is odorless, but can carry odors. By the smell transferred from the kitchen, we guess what dish they cooked there.
Close your eyes, hold your nose. I will carry an object past you, and you try to recognize it by smell. Succeeded?
(no, the nose is closed)
Open your nose. And now? Smell travels through the air, which is why we smell it when we breathe in the air.
PHYSICAL MINUTE. BREATHING EXERCISES.
How does a person breathe? Place your palm on your chest and feel how your breathing is happening?
Inhale - inhales good air (oxygen)
Exhale - exhale bad air (carbon dioxide)
A person breathes all his life, he needs air for life every second.
- Cover your mouth and nose with your hand to stop breathing. What did you feel, what did you experience?
A person can live
Without food - 30 days;
Without water - 14 days;
Without air - a few minutes. (slide 4)
– When we simply inhale and exhale air, do we see it?
When can we see the air we exhale? (in winter, steam comes out of the mouth).
We took a deep breath
We breathe easily.
(slow inhale-exhale for 4 seconds)
Breathe in one nostril
And peace will come to you.
(long inhalation-exhalation of one nostril, close the other nostril with the index finger)
Deep breath - hands up
Long exhalation - arms through the sides down.
Why is it important for a person to breathe properly? (To not get sick)
With proper breathing through the nose, the air in the nose is warmed, cleared of impurities and enters the lungs.
Only clean air is good for health. The cleanliness of the air on Earth is monitored by scientists - ECOLOGISTS. They study how a person affects nature, what he can do to reduce air pollution.
- What in our life pollutes the air? (slide 5)
(smoke from factories, factories, fires, exhaust fumes, dust, cigarette smoke…)
What should be done to keep the air clean?
(plants and factories put special filters to clean the air, water the paths, sidewalks; plant trees, bushes, flowers; ventilate the premises, wipe the dust)
OBSERVATION 6.
Do you know what happens to air when it is heated?
A balloon placed on an empty bottle inflates when the bottle is immersed in warm water, and deflates when immersed in cold water.
The air warms up, expands and exits the bottle. That's why the balloon is inflated. Warm air rises up.
- And where does a person use this property of air? (aeronautics) (slide 6)
OBSERVATION 7. Wind is the movement of air.
Turn on the fan, let the children feel the breeze.
Where did the wind come from?
What is a fan for? (in hot weather to freshen the air)
– What is the wind? (air movement)
We cannot see the wind, because the air is transparent, but we can watch the clouds float, the leaves sway on the trees, the tree branches sway)
- Man has long learned to use the properties of air. Where does the air work? (slide 7)
SUMMARY OF THE LESSON:
What did you learn about air today? (slide 8)
- Air is part of nature. It is everywhere around us, we breathe it.
- Air is invisible, transparent.
- Air can move.
- Air is odorless, but it can carry odors as it moves.
- Air expands when heated and contracts when cooled.
- We all need air. Without it, there is no life.
Which of the experiments did you like the most, what property of air did he tell us about?
Did you know that air has another amazing property - you can play with air. There are even special toys for playing with air. (Turntables, soap bubbles, kite...)
Today we learned about the properties of air by conducting experiments and experiments with air. I think that you will tell your friends and parents about everything interesting that you learned today in our laboratory. And your moms and dads will be able to tell you about other properties of the air and read about the "great invisible" in encyclopedias.
Thank you guys for the lesson, it was very pleasant and interesting to communicate with you.
Literature:
- "Air" comp. Yu.I. Smirnov. - St. Petersburg: Owl, 1998.
- Voronkevich O.A. "Welcome to ecology!" - St. Petersburg: Childhood-Press, 2007.
- Kulikovskaya I.E, Sovgir N.N. "Children's experimentation" - M .: Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2005.
- Nikolaeva S.N. “Introduction of preschoolers to inanimate nature. Nature management in kindergarten "- M.: Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2003.
- Pavlenko I.N., Rodyushkina N.G. “The development of speech and familiarization with the outside world in the preschool educational institution: Integrated classes. – M.: T.Ts. Sphere, 2006.
- Parker S., Oliver K. "Man and Nature" (100 questions and answers) / trans. from English. MM. Zhukova, S.A. Pylaeva. - M .: CJSC "Rosmen-Press", 2006.
- "Scientific Answers to Children's Whys". Experiments and experiments for children from 5 to 9 years old / Author-compiler Zubkova N.M. - St. Petersburg: Speech, 2009.
- Tugusheva G.P., Chistyakova A.E. " Experimental activities children of middle and senior preschool age: Toolkit- St. Petersburg: Detstvo-Press, 2009.
The tale of how the three elements quarreled. Author's fairy tale with drawings.
Kolos Sofya Viktorovna, 3rd grade student of MBOU Gymnasium No. 3 in Sharya, Kostroma RegionDescription: This fairy tale is composed for the lesson of the surrounding world.
Application: The material will be useful for teachers primary school in the lessons of the surrounding world in the study of natural elements.
Target: write a fairy tale on the theme of natural elements.
Tasks:
- to get acquainted with the concept of "natural elements"
- develop fantasy and imagination
Element- (philosophy) in ancient and medieval natural philosophy - one of the four fundamental principles of the world: earth, water, air and fire.
So, the three main elements, according to the ancient beliefs of people
Fire
Water
Air
(we are not talking about the fourth element - the fertile earth)
A tale of how three elements quarreled.
Many years ago, three natural elements: fire, water and air lived in peace and harmony. But one day, the water said:
- I'm in charge here!
- And why is that? asked the air.
- I am often called the most important substance. The human body is 2/3 water. Without me, all living things will perish!
- And without me, all living things will suffocate! - objected the air.
- Do not quarrel! - fire intervened.
- And you generally keep quiet, if we want, we will wipe you off the face of the Earth! - Air and water said in one voice.
The fire was offended by these words and left.
- And let's go to the sage and ask: "Which of us is the most important?" offered air.
- I'll go alone! - Said the water.
“Then I’ll go alone!” replied the air.
And they went in different directions. As the water flowed through the desert, it met people who were dying of thirst. The water took pity on them and gave them a drink, thereby saving their lives.
“So, I really am so important, since people cannot live without me,” the water was proud of itself.
And in the meantime, the air also did not waste time in vain. On his way he met a boy drowning in the river. His rubber boat had a hole in it. Then the air climbed into the boat and did not get out until the boy swam to the shore. Of course, no one could have guessed about his feat, but the air, probably for the first time, felt its significance.
For a long time, water and air traveled around the world. Finally, both of them reached the sage. They see - and the fire is also there.
- What are you doing here? asked the air.
“I came to ask who is the most important of us. fire answered.
- Dear sage, tell me who is the most important of us? asked the water.
- You all need a person. We cannot survive without you. Therefore, you need to live as before - in peace and harmony. - answered the sage.
Since then, fire, water and air have never quarreled again!