Today's lesson will be devoted to easy communication on various topics related to our life experience. When learning a foreign language, it is very important to remember that the best way to study a foreign language is to speak (the best way to learn a foreign language is speaking). Expressing your own thoughts allows you to develop and improve language skills.
Easy communication as a tool for mastering a foreign language
Grammar is undoubtedly a useful thing, but it serves only basis of our oral speech , practical communication. The grammatical constructions studied by us in such detail, in fact, are nothing more than foundation on which we build brick by brick building, speech. Trying to master a new language, string the words you know like beads on fishing line - grammar chart but do not be afraid to make a mistake, for fear paralyzes and enslaves. Remember, language is given to a person for communication, and silence in this case is by no means gold!
So, the main grammatical tense, which helps to talk about what happened to us for a certain time ago called past simple and is formed as follows:
| Positive Sentence (+) |
Negative Sentence (-) |
Interrogative Sentence (?) |
| V (2/ed) …. | didn't v... | DidV…? |
| 1. It gave gave | 1. It didn't give me a chance to see wonderful paintings. - It did not give I have the opportunity to see wonderful pictures. | 1. Did it give me a chance to see wonderful paintings? - Dalo Is it possible for me to see wonderful pictures? |
| 2. We rehearsed a new play yesterday. - We rehearsed new play yesterday. | 2. We didn't rehearse a new play yesterday. - We didn't rehearse new play yesterday. | 2. Did we rehearse a new play yesterday? - And yesterday we rehearsed new play? |
* is the subject of the sentence, expressed by a pronoun (I, she) or a noun (price - price, game - game), and V- a verb that conveys an action, put in the second form if it is wrong or regular verb with added ending -ed.
How do you know if a verb is correct? Very easy wrong need just learn by heart ! There is a table of irregular verbs for this. Here are some of them:
| Verb | Verb 2 | Verb 3 | English translation |
| feed | fed | fed | feed |
| go | went | gone | walk |
| See | saw | seen | see |
| meet | met | met | meet |
| lose | lost | lost | lose, lose |
| win | won | won | win, win |
| take | took | taken | take |
| be | was | were | to be |
| give | gave | given | give |
To form a sentence, choose a form from second speakers!!!
If the verb does not appear in the table of irregular verbs, then there is no problem, just add the ending to the base -ed.
If the sentence is negative or interrogative, we use the first form of the verb because we use auxiliary DID !
Now back to real life situations.
Picture yourself touring actor or actress(actor, actress), who is asked about what has happened in his new life lately. Let's spend discussion(discussion) on a given topic.
– What did you do yesterday?(What did you do yesterday?) - the interlocutor asks with interest. - Was there something interesting in your life?(Has anything interesting happened in your life?).
You, of course, begin to describe what happened. The first thing a wandering person needs is to point out the fact that he does not sit still, but travels. How? The fastest and most common way is air transportation. "Fly" in English to fly, and if your flight (a flight) took place yesterday, then you flew(form of the verb in the simple past tense). Did you fly to Riga yesterday? Let's say
I flewto Riga yesterday - I'm summer yesterday l in Riga.
Note! the preposition indicates the direction of your flight "to" - flu to Riga, to moscow, to London.
With travel figured out, back to your occupation. Are you an actor (or just creative person), which means people, viewers are extremely important for you, their perception is important - perception, the way they perceive(perceive) and absorb[əb'zɔːb] (understand) what you want to convey to them. As a rule, for a good game, the audience remains extremely grateful[‘greɪtf(ə)l], grateful.
However, there are no two identical people in the world and, moreover, the same nations, which means that the question should be answered:
What is the difference between….? - And in what difference between….?
And, of course, describe your impressions[ɪm'preʃ(ə)ns] impressions from visiting this or that city, city[‘sɪtɪ].
Dialogue Expressions
Let's bring a few more useful words and expressions that can be useful in a friendly dialogue, dividing them into groups.
Firstly, introductory constructions of the type are very important:
- I will be short - I will be brief.
- At the end of the talk - at the end of the conversation.
- At the same time - at the same time.
- Fortunately / unfortunately - fortunately / unfortunately.
- In a positive/good sense - in a good way.
- It means - it means.
- Sure - of course.
unfortunately, we never met before- Unfortunately before we never met.
Don't forget to use similar expressions!
Secondly, one cannot do without the names of objects and phenomena of reality in speech.
- Price - price.
- Team - a team.
- Opinion [ə'pɪnjən] - opinion.
- Space - space.
- Stage - scene. On stage - on the stage.
Thanks to our team spirit we won. - Thanks to commands spirit, we won.
Thirdly what we do in life.
- To spend time - spend time.
- To keep silence - to remain silent.
- To go to bed - go to sleep
- To feel - feel / feel.
After the rehearsal I felt better - After the rehearsal, I felt better.
And, of course, adverbs-indicators of time and frequency of action.
- Often [‘ɔf(t)(ə)n] / seldom [‘seldəm] - often / rarely
- Usually [‘juːʒ(ə)lɪ] - usually
He often repeated that on air - He often repeated it on the air.
We seldom went to restaurants. - We rarely went to restaurants.
One more thing! Every modern person needs to be familiar with the names of some realities. For example, we often use biblical names in speech:
- jesus christ - jesus christ
- Virgin Mary - Mother of God
- Trinity - the Trinity (the famous (famous) icon of A. Rublev, exhibited in the Tretyakov Gallery, has a similar name.
- And, of course, the Bible itself.
So for contemporary (modern) knowledge of a foreign language is an urgent need, but learning it is not easy, because you have to (you must, you need) memorize and constantly keep in mind a huge amount of information. And nothing will help in this better than practical training.
1. Translate into English.
- Unfortunately, I did not see Rublev's icons.
- Usually we respected the elders.
- After the rehearsal, the actor went to sleep?
- I was very thankful to you.
- It didn't mean we had to go to Paris.
- How did you take the news?
- What is included the difference between you?
2. Learn by heart the verbs in the table, make up your own sentences with them.
3. Learn all the words and expressions given in the text of the lesson by heart. Try to describe to yourself constantly describing the situation that happened to you.
The topic of numbers ends. New words denoting months are taken. In this lesson, students answer the questions - how old are you? When is your birthday? What will you do tonight? Also, in this lesson, a few adjectives and a structure will be added to your arsenal, which allows you to compare some objects in terms of quality (that is, the degree of comparison).
Watch online the 10th edition of “Polyglot. French in 16 hours":
Summary of lesson 10:
QUEL HEURE EST-IL? - what time is it now?
IL EST DEUX HEURES - it's two o'clock now
IL EST DEUX HEURES ET DEMIE - it's half past two
Numbers:
TREIZE - thirteen
QUATORZE - fourteen
QUINZE - fifteen
SEIZE - sixteen
DIX-SEPT - seventeen
DIX-HUIT - eighteen
DIX-NEUF - nineteen
VINGT - twenty
TRENTE - thirty
QUARANTE - forty
CINQUANTE - fifty
SOIXANTE - sixty
SOIXANTE-DIX - seventy
QUATRE-VINGT - eighty
QUATRE-VINGT-DIX - ninety
QUATRE-VINGT-DIX-NEUF - ninety-nine
DEUX CENTS - two hundred
TROIS CENTS - three hundred
MILLE - thousand
MILLE NEUF CENTS QUATRE-VINGT ONZE - 1991
DEUX MILLES DOUZE - two thousand twelve
J'AI VINGT ANS - I'm twenty years old
J'AI TRENTE ANS - I'm thirty years old
IL A TRENTE-CINQUE ANS - he is thirty-five years old
ELLE A QUARANTE ANS - she is forty years old
Months:
JANVIER - January JUILLET - July
FÉVRIER - February AOÛT - August
MARS - March SEPTEMBRE - September
AVRIL - April OCTOBRE - October
MAI - May NOVEMBRE - November
JUIN - June DÉCEMBRE - December
In the formation of the date, only one numeral - one, receives an ordinal form - the first, for example, the first of June -LE PREMIER JUIN. All others take the usual form of the numeral, for example the secondJune -LE DEUX JUIN.
BON ANNIVERSAIRE! - happy birthday!
QUEL ÂGE AS-TU? - How old are you?
QUEL ÂGE VOUS AVEZ? - how old are you?
Add another very important, irregular verb to your table -
PRENDRE- take
ILS/ELLES PRENNENT
J'AI PRIS- in the past time
If you add a prefix -COM, it turns out the verb -
COM PRENDRE - understand.
JE PRENDS - I take
JE COMPRENDS - I understand
TU ME COMPENDS? - you understand me?
JE TE COMPRENDS - I understand you
COMPRENDS-MOI! - understand me!
J'AI PRIS- I took
J'AI COMPRIS - I got it
If you add to the verbPRENDRE- take, prefixAR, it turns out the verb -
AP PRENDRE - teach, study.
J'AI APPRIS - I learned
J'APPRENDS LE FRANÇAIS - I'm learning French
When the masculine article isLEmeets with a suggestionÀ (indicating the direction), it turns out -À + LE= AU
JE VAIS AU CINEMA - I'm going to the cinema
JE VAIS AU RESTAURANT - I'm going to a restaurant
JE VAIS AU MAGASIN - I'm going to the store
If the noun is feminine or starts with a vowel thenÀ andLApersist
JE VAIS À LA MAISON - I'm going home
CHAQUE JOUR - every day
LE PREMIER JOUR - first day
LE DERNIER JOUR - last day
LA DERNIÈRE FOIS - the last time
LA PREMIÈRE FOIS - the first time
COMBIEN DE FOIS? - how many times?
J'AI PRIS UN CAFÉ - I drank coffee
PLUS- more, more
PLUS FROID - colder
PLUS CHAUD - warmer
PLUS HAUT - higher
PLUS BAS - below
PLUS INTÉRESSANT - more interesting
PLUS JEUNE - younger
QUE- how
CETTE MAISON EST PLUS GRANDE QUE L'AUTRE - this home is bigger than the other
ELLE EST PLUS JEUNE QUE TOI - she is younger than you
Adjectives, like nouns, can have both a masculine and a feminine form. As a rule, the feminine form of the adjective is formed with the addition of the letter E, as a result of which the last letter in the masculine form begins to be read, for example -FROID/FROIDE.
| M | CHAUD – PLUS CHAUD QUE | LE PLUS CHAUD |
| BON-MEILLEUR | LE MEILLEUR | |
| AND | CHAUDE – PLUS CHAUDE QUE | LA PLUS CHAUDE |
| BONNE-MEILLEURE | LA MEILLEURE | |
| BIEN | MIEUX |
New words:
POUR-CENT - percentage, POUR - for, CENT POUR-CENT - 100%, SEMAINE - week, MOIS - month, months, ANNIVERSAIRE - birthday, anniversary, ÂGE - age, PRENDRE - take, COMPRENDRE - understand, APPRENDRE - teach , study, RECONNAÎTRE - find out, HÔPITAL - hospital, JEUNE FILLE - girl, NOUVEAU - new, NOUVELLE - new, NOUVELLE - novella, DE NOUVEAU - again, PREMIER / PREMIÈRE - first / first, DERNIER / DERNIÈRE - last / last, FROID / FROIDE - cold / cold, CHAUD / CHAUDE - hot / hot, HAUT / HAUTE - high / high, BAS / BASSE - low / low, BON / BONNE - good / good, MEILLEUR / MEILLEURE - best / best, BIEN - good , MIEUX - better CHAQUE - each, LA FOIS - times, RÉCEMMENT - recently, recently, PLUS - more, more, QUE - than
Conclusion:
You need to get by with a few words in colloquial speech, in Russian you do just that. And when you start speaking in a foreign language, it seems to you that you need to create some text in Russian and then translate it into another language. But, most often people use a small set of words that can be expressed or understood.
And
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