You need to give an example of a word in which there are fewer sounds than letters.
Recall phonetic phenomena
There are two reasons for the discrepancy between the number of sounds and letters from the standpoint of phonetics.
The first reason: not in all cases, consonants can represent sounds. There are so-called unpronounceable consonants - consonants that are not pronounced in a weak position in three cases:
- at the end of a word (examples: rados t b [radas,], young man t b [moladas,]), fresh t b [sv, ezhes,];
- in the position before the separating soft character (examples: h t ye [u, ac, th, e], crossbreed t ye [pam, es, th, e], not us t ye [n, and e us, th, e]);
- in position before another consonant (examples: forest t ny [l, esny,], grus t ny [sad,], chu in to act [h, ustvavat,]).
Second reason: separation b and Kommersant signs of sounds do not designate at all (examples: mouse [mice], drinks [p, d, from], drops [cap, el,], entrance [fall, est]).
Let's draw a conclusion
Thus, as examples of words in which there are fewer sounds than letters, words with separators can be given. b and Kommersant and words with unpronounceable consonants either in position before another consonant, or in position at the end of a word, or before separators b and Kommersant.
And knowledge of phonetics and spelling will help us competently and reasonably give examples of such words.
Let's give our examples
A striking example of a word in which there are fewer sounds than letters is the word rados t ny. The transcription of this word will look like this: [joyful,]. This word has 9 letters and 8 sounds. There are fewer sounds than letters, because in a word glad there is an unpronounceable consonant t(it is in a weak position: before a consonant).
Let's compare. Let's put a consonant t into a strong position (we will change the form of the word or select words with the same root so that the consonant t stood before a vowel): joys [radas, t, and]. In this case, the number of sounds and letters already matches.
Consider another example of a word in which there are fewer sounds than letters: the word ten b . The transcription of this word will look like this: [t, en,]. This word has 4 letters and 3 sounds. There are fewer sounds than letters, because in a word shadow there is a dividing b at the end of a word (it does not indicate a sound).
In Russian, words are not always spelled the way they are heard. It often happens that the number of letters and sounds does not match.
Letter b
- domineering [powerful] - eight b., seven stars;
- sun [sontse] - six b., five stars;
- festive [holiday "ich" ny] - eleven b., ten stars;
- famous [famous" esny] - nine b., eight stars.
If there are unpronounceable consonants, then these are words where there are more letters than sounds.
It must be remembered that the spelling "unpronounceable consonants" must be checked with a strong position. In some cases, there are no such letters:
- terrible [terrible] - seven b. and seven stars;
- peer [ditch "esn" ik] - eight b., eight stars;
- tasty [fkusny] - seven b., seven stars.
double consonants
There is also such a phenomenon as double and If they are present in a word, we will also have a discrepancy between the quantitative composition of sounds and letters, for example:
- television antenna [antena] - seven points, six stars;
- friendly team [kol "ikt" if] - nine b., eight stars;
- old yeast [shiver] - six b., five stars;
- artificial crystal [kr "istal] - eight b., seven stars.
- station [station] house - eleven b., ten stars;
- glass [st "ikl" any] - ten b., nine stars.
These words contain more letters than sounds.
Changing the quality of sounds
In words, simplification is often observed in places where consonants collide. Then, instead of several sounds, one is pronounced, which differs in quality from the original ones. For example:
- hides from the eyes [hidden] - ten b. and nine stars;
- great athlete [sportsman] - nine points, eight stars;
- urban [garatskaya] resident - nine b., eight stars.
Practice #3
1. Determine which words have more letters than sounds:
- feel disappointed;
- participate in competitions;
- inappropriate question;
- peer of my parents;
- long eyelashes;
- private person;
- dangerous age;
- rainy day;
- delicious dishes;
- linden alley;
- quarrel friends;
- occupied territory;
- file an appeal;
- art;
- appetizing cake.
2. Dictation.
It rained at night, but in the morning the weather was wonderful. Peers and peers marched to school. Everyone had Before reaching school a little, the guys felt a distinct aroma of roses. These were bushes that were planted by graduates back in May.
Tasks of the Unified State Examination A1, A 2 in Russian.
Phonetic analysis of the word. Orthoepic norms
(pronunciation of consonants, stress).
When completing tasks A1 - A2, be sure to pronounce the word, listening to your own pronunciation, and write it down in transcription. Count the letters and sounds or find the required sound(s) in the task.
EXAMPLE task: Which word has more letters than sounds?
reed [trasnik] - 8 letters, 7 sounds
light [l "ohk" y] - 6 letters, 6 sounds
judge [court "ya] - 5 letters, 5 sounds
pure [chistava] - 7 letters, 7 sounds Answer: 1.
For the correct performance of tasks on establishing stress in words, it is necessary to master the accentological minimum:
alcohol, alphabet, apostrophe, scam, pamper, bows, bartender, unrestrained, good news, favor, barrel, willow, Volgodonsk, water pipeline, gas pipeline, genesis, pear, girlish, hyphen, dispensary, production, dogma, contract, contract, contract daughter, drowsiness, confessor, blinds, enviably, bent, long, frosty, clog, rust, rings, sign, sorcery, jagged, Irishche, Iconography, spark, catalog, catharsis, rubber, cough, quarter, kollet, cedar, college, compass, prettier, kitchen, flint, hunks, hunks, salmon, masterful, briefly, meager, ordeal, obituary, oil pipeline, provision, facilitate, wholesale, inform, convict, uncork, paralysis, ploughing, rot, grow bald reward, sentence, dowry, coerce, clairvoyant, pullover, belt, beets, orphans, concentration, funds, statutes, carpenter, dancer, cakes, triptych, shoe, Ukrainian, aggravate, facsimile, phenomenon, fetish, filzster, forza, petitioner hosts, xp istianin, cement, chain, gypsy, scoop, chassis, scarves, shakhtinsky, syringes, chauffeurs, sorrel, expert.
1. Which word has more letters than sounds?
1) reed
4) clean
2. In which word are all consonants soft?
1) make sure
2) amateur
3) bitter
4) stalk
3. In which word are all consonants solid?
2) world
3) original
4) simplicity
4. Which word has fewer letters than sounds?
1) torment
2) writing
3) disappear
4) pinching
5. In what word does the number of letters and sounds match?
1) explain
2) absence
4) finder
6. In which word are all consonants soft?
1) fuselage
3) stem
4) sterlet
7. Which word has more sounds than letters?
4) drive up
8. In which word are all consonants soft?
2) degree
4) merge
9. In which word are all consonants deaf?
2) lightness
10. Which word has the same number of letters and sounds?
3) statue
11. In what series of words does the stress fall on the first syllable?
1) cement, took, expert
2) hyphen, wholesale, convocation
3) statue, beetroot, understood
4) cakes, start, calls
12. In what series of words does the number of letters and sounds match?
1) blizzard, village
2) swimming, June
3) statue, helper
4) grammar to
13. Which number of words has more sounds than letters?
1) fighting, passionate
2) tulip, nimble
3) double, opposition
4) meaning, phenomenon
14. In the words of which series, the stress falls on the second syllable?
1) deepen, catalogue, dispensary
2) intention, clog, took
3) accepted, apostrophe, alphabet
4) grandfather, caught up, owners
15. In what word does the highlighted letter denote a hard consonant?
3) academician
16. In what word does the highlighted letter denote a soft consonant?
2) sandwich
4) anamnesis
17. In what word does the highlighted letter denote a soft consonant?
18. In the words of which row is the stress on the first syllable?
1) start, chunk, quarter,
2) beet, statue, call,
3) briefly, spark, willow,
4) wholesale, scoop, plowing
19. In the words of which row is the stress on the third syllable?
1) uncork, mold, indulge,
2) provision, obituary, petition,
3) apostrophe, dispensary, occupied,
4) blinds, nettle, exhaust
20. In what series of words in place of the letters CHN is pronounced [shn]?
1) bakery, Ilyinichna,
2) scrambled eggs, something
3) of course, boring,
4) creamy, on purpose
21. In which word is the letter denoting a stressed vowel correctly highlighted?
1) Alcohol
2) confessor
3) catalog
22. In which word is the letter denoting a stressed vowel correctly highlighted?
2) Petition
3) moldy
4) oil pipeline
23. In which word does the stress fall on the third syllable?
1) deepen
2) force
3) exhaust
4) prettier
24. In which word is the stress not on the first syllable?
1) cough
3) rust
4) scanty
25. In which word does the stress fall on the first syllable?
3) call
26. In which word does the stress fall on the first syllable?
27. In which row do all words have the sound [g]?
1) to the hall, examination
2) snow, station
3) clay, boots
4) mountain, dialogue
28. In which row do all words have the sound [d "]?
1) tar, rise, wedding
2) podium, wild, sit down
3) leatherette, threshing, diagonal
4) sweet, support, clerk
29. In which row do all words have the sound [z]?
1) later, dawn, umbrella
2) nail, wrist, zenith
3) development, slide, close
4) squeal, do, comma
30. In which row in all words there is no sound [z]?
1) do, position, hare
2) cerebellum, building, buzzer
3) decree, fairy tale, come
4) wagon, envy, mind
31. In which word is the letter denoting a stressed vowel correctly highlighted?
1) chain
2) cheer up
3) skinned
The Russian language is one of the richest, most complex and interesting world languages. It contains a large number of rules and is fraught with many traps. For example, there are words in which there are more sounds than letters, and vice versa: there are more letters, but fewer sounds. Such words are sometimes difficult to transcribe. To correctly determine the content of sounds, you need to know how to do sound-letter parsing(analysis) words.
What is sound-letter analysis
Analysis involves two components: sounds and letters. First, a transcription is written - this is a recording of the sound content. An exact record is made of how it is pronounced, heard. When working, it should be remembered that such “e”, “e”, “yu”, “I” in different positions of the word can mean two sounds. These vowels are called ioted. And in the words, where they are, there will be more sounds.
Iotated vowels in different positions
- at the beginning of the word: spruce - [th ’ e l ’]
- after other vowels: cabin - [k a y ’ y t a]
- after dividing "b" and "b": curiosity - [k ur ' y ' o s] and flaw - [and z ' y ' and n]
- after consonants: hatch - [l ’ y k]
And also, in the Russian alphabet there are two letters that do not have a sound, these are “b” and “b”. soft sign, standing after a consonant, softens it. In addition, he is morphological feature in feminine nouns of the third declension. In this case, of course, there will be less sounds.
Pronunciation of iotated vowels
There are four such vowels in the Russian alphabet which were discussed earlier in the article. In transcription, they denote two sounds, which is why the amount of sound composition predominates in the word over the letter. The letter E is pronounced like Y and E; Yo as Y and O; Yu as Y and Y; I'm like Y and A.
Mysterious letter Yo
In Soviet times, and even now, the letter Yo was not printed in many printed publications. The letter was first mentioned back in 1783, when one of the first meetings of the Academy of Russian Literature took place, in which the director of the Academy, Princess Ekaterina Dashkova, as well as some well-known writers of that time, Fonvizin and Derzhavin, took part. Catherine was the first to propose officially including the letter Yo in the Russian alphabet, and no one objected to her.
A new wave of popularity of the letter rose thanks to N. M. Karamzin in 1797. He was preparing another poem for printing and put Yo in “tears” instead of E. This was the first time that Yo was in print.
Even such an influential figure of the Soviet era as Stalin was involved in history. It happened like this: German maps fell into his hands, where the names of Russian settlements with maximum precision. The village of Dyomino was exactly Dyomino, not Dyomino. The leader appreciated the pedantry and attentiveness of the enemy. As a result, on December 25, 1942, Stalin issued a decree stating that the letter Ё should stand wherever it takes place.
Some facts about the letter Yo:
- in 2013, Yo celebrated her anniversary - she turned 230 years old;
- in Russian, Yo is used in almost 13 thousand words;
- sometimes the omission in the words Yo spoils the meaning: for example - “let's take a break” and “take a break”, isn't it funny?
- Yo occupies a happy 7th place in the alphabet.
The phonetic principle of Russian spelling and graphics
The sound-letter analysis of a word proceeds from the phonetic principle. Its essence is that the words should be depicted in the letter as they are pronounced. Consistency is the key element here. It is no secret that in any language there are two forms of its use - written and oral. The language appears and spreads between people and nations in the initial stage in oral form, then, with its successful development, written elements, graphic images of sounds appear.
Graphic arts - it is the content of the descriptive elements of any kind of writing. Graphics include, in addition to letters, punctuation marks, spaces, and accents. Graphics keeps correspondence between alphabetic and sound values words. Letters are what we read and depict in writing, and sounds are what we hear and speak. There are 6 vowels in the Russian alphabet, and 10 letters denoting them; consonants - 36, and letters - 21.
Knowledge of iotized vowels, in addition to writing and analysis, is used in the field of vocal studies. The singer must always ensure that the iotated vowel is pronounced in combination with two sounds. For example, when stretching “I”, a long vowel “a” must be pronounced, otherwise the sound will not fully open, which will lead to a bad sound of the whole word. The vocal sound of a vowel may not achieve full freedom of expression. Iotated vowels always have a special bright color, the full disclosure of which brightens up the pronunciation. But when singing, these vowels should still be used with extreme caution and due skill, while concentrating on the sound.
Phonetics is a section of the Russian language that studies sounds and letters.
Speech sounds are the smallest sound units that we hear and speak.
Letters are conventional graphic signs that express the sounds of speech in writing.
Lettering of speech sounds in writing studies graphics.
All speech sounds in Russian are divided into vowels and consonants.
Vowels are called sounds, during the formation of which air freely passes through the oral cavity without encountering any obstacle.
Vowels - 6: [a], [o], [e], [i], [s], [y].
The letters E, Yo, Yu, I are not sounds. These iotized letters stand for:
One sound after a soft consonant: [e] - [m "el]; [o] - [l "from]; Gu] - [l "uk]; [a] - [m "ah];
Two sounds:
a) at the beginning of a word: [yama];
b) after b and b: [n "yut];
c) after a vowel sound: [payut].
All vowel sounds are divided into:
Drums;
Unstressed.
Consonants are called sounds, during the formation of which the air meets some kind of barrier in the oral cavity.
Consonant sounds - 37: [b], [b "], [c], [c *], , [D]. [dCh. [h], [a "], [p], [n "], [ f], [fCh, [k], [kCh, [t], [tCh, [s], [cCh. [l], [lh, [m], [mh. [n], [nCh, [r], 1rCh> M, [xCh, [g], GzhCh, [w], [schCh, [hCh, [d], [yCh.
All consonants are divided into groups:
voiced - deaf;
Hard - soft.
Paired consonants for voicedness - deafness:
| [b] | [AT] | [G] | [D] | [f] | |
| and | [f] | [to] | [t] | [w] | [WITH] |
Unpaired voiced consonants: [p], [l], [m], [n], [th]. Unpaired deaf consonants: [x], [c], [h], [u]. Most consonants have pairs of hardness - softness:
[b] - - [hCh, [G] - [gCh, [d] - [dCh, - [zCh, [K] - [k "], [l] - [lCh, [m] - [mCh, [ N] - [nCh, [p] - [pCh, [r] ~ [RF> [s] - [c.f. [t] - [tCh, [f] - [F. F. W - [hCh.
Unpaired solid consonants: [g], [w], [c]. Unpaired soft consonants: [hh> [schh" [** 4-
Voiced and voiceless consonants can be stunned and voiced.
Stunning occurs:
At the end of the word: forehead [lop];
Before deaf consonants: boat [tray]. Voicing is observed before voiced consonants: threshing [malat" ba].
1. In which row in all words is there a stressed vowel [O]?
a) light, sleepy, yellow
b) callous, drowsiness, sheet
c) bake, spoiled, steel
d) clear, utterly, capacity
2. In which row in all words is there a vowel sound [A]?
a) ball, lazy, zealous
b) saint, bow, mint
c) I swear, lie down, pull
d) ice, woodpecker, run
3. In which row is the sound [Y] pronounced in all words?
a) zinc, soapy, liquid
b) sedate, cycle, demonstration
c) tin, tenants, compasses
d) official, porch, breathes
4. In which row do all words have a vowel [E]?
a) comb, shadow, cage
b) nap, encyclopedia, tree
c) weave, era, emotions
d) wag, emigration, trill
5. Indicate in which word all consonants are solid.
b) yellowness
c) wide
d) millstone
6. Indicate in which word all consonants are soft.
a) squint
b) clean
c) small
d) stubble
7. In which row are words in which all consonants are voiced?
a) role, iodine, friendship
b) may, bravo, dragee
c) garden, crowd, zero
d) pit, breeze, pain
8. In what row are the words where all consonants are deaf?
a) pike, hurry up, check
b) tsits, stack, mow
c) step, package, chassis
d) dog, mole, melancholy
9. In which row do all words have the sound [j]?
a) sing, pit, linen
b) capacity, piano, stand
c) nibble, charm, beat
d) rag, sit down, bright
In which row in all words there is a sound [G]?
a) stack, city, peas
b) coat of arms, geranium, horn
c) head, hammock, road
d) wilderness, enemy, loader
11. In which row do all words have the sound [D]?
a) tar, house, kind
b) fashion, code, tree
c) soda, access, valiant
d) herd, debate, gift
12. In which row in all words is there a sound [D "]?
a) clerk, dozen, pad
b) breathe, walk, federate
c) activity, division, dialogue
d) diploma, noon, work
13. In which row do all words have the sound [Ф]?
a) cafe, front, federation
b) phenomenon, stanza, ficus
c) boil, catastrophe, fact
d) plywood, fireworks, paramedic
14. In which row in all words is there a sound [Ф "]?
a) football, deficit, skipping
b) function, editing, pilaf
c) movie, dial, send
d) extravaganza, worm, crawl
15. In which row is the sound [C] pronounced in all words?
a) image, eye, mattress
b) health, mowing, track
c) massive, mercenary, make
d) dump, export, thrush
16. In which row is the sound [C "] pronounced in all words?
a) souvenir, surprise, invoice
b) frost, signal, sit down
c) sowing, downed, mold
d) corset, safe, chintz
17. In what rad is the sound [T] pronounced in all words?
a) garden, warehouse, ford
b) local, democracy, tone
c) dangerous, alarming, passing
d) touching, tennis, travel
18. In which row do all words have the sound [T *]?
a) karate, parterre, timbre
b) report card, roll down, make sure
c) title, sing, heavy
d) thousand, fight, throne
19. In which row does the sound [B] occur in all words?
a) faith, add, envy
b) led, pewter, freedom
c) in breadth, withstand, prepare
d) water, addition, height
20. In which row does the sound [B] occur in all words?
a) pillar, rich, bank
b) drill, illness, get close
c) turn white, run, box
d) cork, timid, whim
21. In which row do all words have the sound [Ш]?
a) cartoon, shorts, shred
b) wide, jog, reins
c) bakery, of course, yeast
d) happy, march, wool
22. In which row do all words have the sound [Ж]?
a) fried, stitch, belly
b) robbery, yellow, life-giving
c) skin, harvest, boundary
d) divine, care, chew
23. In which row in all words there is a sound [H "] 7
a) black, greedy, on purpose
b) eternity, suitcase, scrambled eggs
c) of course, stockings, wither away
d) monster, abundance, excessive
24. In which row does the sound [Щ] occur in all words?
a) sorrel, happiness, mercy
b) score, slot, clear
c) defector, puppy, plush
d) loader, cabbage soup, wide
25. Indicate the words in which there are more letters than sounds.
a) outstanding
b) eight hundred
c) pedestal
d) hide
26. Indicate the words in which there are more sounds than letters.
a) schedule
b) immense
c) request
d) passing
27. Indicate the words in which the number of letters and sounds is the same.
b) curtain
c) to fly
d) indication
28. Indicate in which row in all words voicing occurs.
a) request, mowing, squeezed
b) wedding, spooky, bunches c) train station, herbarium, later
d) football, splatter, burnt
29. Indicate in which row in all words the stunning occurs.
a) pillar, low, ditch
b) friend, fright, mowing
c) forward, tremble, patronize
d) garden, rope, heart
30. Indicate the cases in which spelling and pronunciation are the same.
b) retribution
d) charm
31. Indicate in which row all words consist of 5 sounds.
a) flight, plays, coat
b) boots, reins, fight
c) language, filming, wind
d) good, satin, bright