In the word ". Usually, adults who have been at school for a long time forget about the rules of the Russian language. Moreover, there is some confusion with breaking words into syllables and transfer rules. In order to make it easier for you to remember the rules or not to burden your brains unnecessary information was invented online program, which allows you to break words into syllables.
Syllable Is it one sound or several sounds,
pronounced with one expiratory push of air:
mountain, machine.
Rules for dividing words into syllables in Russian
1. In Russian, there are sounds that are different in audibility: vowels are more sonorous compared to consonants.
- There are so many syllables in a word how many vowels. Vowels form syllables, are syllable-forming.
- Consonants are non-syllabic. When pronouncing a word, consonants are “attached” to vowels, forming a syllable together with vowels.
2. A syllable can consist of one sound (and then it is necessarily a vowel) or several sounds (in this case, in addition to the vowel, the syllable has a consonant or a group of consonants) : defense-defense; line-line;If a syllable consists of two or more sounds, then it must begin with a consonant.
3. Syllables are open and closed.
- open syllable ends with vowel:go-yes, wall-on.
- Closed syllable ends in a consonant: juice.
- In the middle of a word, a syllable usually ends in vowel sound, and the consonant or group of consonants following the vowel usually goes to the next syllable: no-ski, di-kta-tor.
- In the middle of a word, closed syllables can form only unpaired voiced consonants [th], [p], [p'], [l], [l'], [m], [m'], [n], [n'] (sonor): ma y-ka, San-ka, si m-ka.
4. Sometimes two consonants can be written in a word, and one sound, for example: outlive[izh:yt']. Therefore, in this case, two syllables are distinguished: and-live. Division into parts out-live corresponds to the rules of word hyphenation, and not division into syllables. The same can be seen in the example of the verb leave, in which the combination of consonants zzh sounds like one sound [and:]; so the division into syllables will be - leave, and the division of the word to carry - leave.
Attention!
- Division twist-sya, presses-sya is a division into parts for transfer, and not a division into syllables, since in such forms the combination of letters ts, ts sounds like a single sound [ts].
- When dividing into syllables, letter combinations ts, ts go entirely to the next syllable: see, wait.
5. When combining several consonants in the middle of a word:
- two identical consonants necessarily go to the next syllable: O- leak, yes;
- two or more consonants usually go to the next syllable: sha-pka, ra- clear. Exception make up combinations of consonants in which the first is an unpaired voiced (sonorous): letters p, p, l, l, m, m, n, n, d :mar-ka, dawn-ka, bul-ka, stele-ka, lady-ka, ban-ka, ban-ka, lay-ka
The article was devoted to the topic "How many syllables in a word".
To quickly divide words into syllables online, use the form below. You can enter multiple words in the text field separated by spaces or commas. When you click the "Split into syllables" button, the result will be shown instantly in the text box. The form is designed to highlight syllables only in Russian words typed in Russian letters.
The form is convenient for cases in which you want to break many words into syllables without details and background information. If you need to find out how many and what syllables are in words, what transfer options are, then use the search form or select words by the number of syllables in them:
Note.
1. Do not use the result of dividing words into syllables to determine where words are wrapped. The division into syllables and the allocation of places for word hyphenation are not always the same thing. Our website explains the difference in detail (points 4-5 of the syllable rules).
2. The division into syllables is made taking into account the rules school curriculum. Some rules may differ from the rules of the institute program and schools with in-depth study Russian language. For this reason, in some cases, syllables may not be distinguished in accordance with your knowledge of the rules for dividing words into syllables.
Syllable
A syllable is a single vowel or a combination of one vowel with one or more consonants. In other words: vowels form syllables, consonants only in conjunction with a vowel form a syllable. For memorization, a small cheat sheet can help: vowels - “say”, consonants - “agree”. For example: in the word dog there are three syllables so-ba-ka (vowels: o, a, a, consonants: s, b, k), in the word Asia - three syllables A-zi-ya (vowels: a, i, i, consonant: h).
Syllables consisting of two or more sounds are open and closed. Open syllables end in a vowel: vo-da, tra-va, ro-di-na. Closed syllables end in a consonant: combine, cork, yellow.
Allocate covered syllables that begin with a consonant, and uncovered syllables that begin with a vowel. Examples: ko-ra (both syllables covered), ya-blo-ko (one uncovered, two covered).
How many syllables are in a word?
Words are made up of syllables. Based on the definition of a syllable, the number of syllables in a word is determined by the number of vowels. school teachers Russian language is often said: "How many vowels - so many syllables."
Example: sn e g - one syllable, h And T A t - two syllables, p A b O T A- three syllables And n O w eee- five syllables.
More examples of syllables:
- water - syllables in And Yes;
- read - syllables chi, that, la;
- i am a syllable I;
- vernal - syllables ve, shni, e;
- chair - syllable chair, the word has one syllable, consisting of one vowel and three consonants.
A syllable is the minimum part of a word when it is pronounced, except for the degenerate cases where it is required to spell the word. Hence the well-known expressions: read by syllables, pronounce by syllables. The syllable, like sound and stress, belongs to the section of phonetics.
In Russian, there are words without syllables, that is, consisting only of consonants. A striking example of such words are onomatopoeic words. For example: hmm, t-s-s-s, tr-tr-tr.
Words are divided into syllables. Syllable- this is one sound or several sounds uttered by one expiratory push of air.
Wed: wow, wow.
1. In Russian, there are sounds that are different in audibility: vowels are more sonorous compared to consonants.
Exactly vowels form syllables, are syllable-forming.
Consonants are non-syllable. When pronouncing a word, consonants "stretch" to vowels, forming a syllable together with vowels.
2. A syllable can consist of one sound (and then it is necessarily a vowel!) or several sounds (in this case, in addition to the vowel, the syllable has a consonant or a group of consonants).
Rim - o-bo-dock; country - country; night light - night light; miniature - mi-ni-a-tu-ra.
3. Syllables are open and closed.
open syllable ends in a vowel sound.
Yes, country.
Closed syllable ends in a consonant.
Sleep, liner.
There are more open syllables in Russian. Closed syllables are usually seen at the end of a word.
Wed: night-timer(the first syllable is open, the second is closed), oh-bo-doc(the first two syllables are open, the third is closed).
In the middle of a word, a syllable usually ends in a vowel, and a consonant or group of consonants after a vowel usually goes to the next syllable!
Night-timer, tell me, announcer.
Note!
Sometimes two consonants can be written in a word, and one sound, for example: get rid of[izh: yt ']. Therefore, in this case, two syllables are distinguished: and-live.
Division into parts out-live complies with the rules of word hyphenation, not division into syllables!
The same can be seen in the example of the verb leave, in which the combination of consonants zzh sounds like one sound [zh:]; so the division into syllables will be - leave, and division into parts for transfer - leave.
Especially often errors are observed when syllables are distinguished from verb forms ending in -tsya, -tsya.
- Division twist-sya, presses-sya is a division into parts for transfer, and not a division into syllables, since in such forms the combination of letters ts, ts sounds like one sound [ts].
- When dividing into syllables, combinations of the letters ts, ts go entirely to the next syllable: see, wait.
In the middle of a word, closed syllables can form only unpaired voiced consonants: [j], [p], [p '], [l], [l '], [m], [m '], [n], [n ' ].
May-ka, Sonya-ka, co-scrap-ka.
Note!
When combining several consonants in the middle of a word:
1) Two identical consonants necessarily go to the next syllable.
Oh-tt go, yes-nn.
2) Two or more consonants usually go to the next syllable.
Sha-pk a, ra-vn th.
Exception make up combinations of consonants in which the first is an unpaired voiced (letters p, p, l, l, m, m, n, n, d).
Mar-ka, dawn-ka, bul-ka, stel-ka, lady-ka, ban-ka, ban-ka, lay-ka.
4. The division into syllables often does not coincide with the division into parts of the word (prefix, root, suffix, ending) and with the division of the word into parts during transfer.
For example, the word calculated is divided into morphemes calculated (races- console, counts- root; a, n- suffixes; th- ending).
The same word, when transferred, is divided as follows: calculated.
The word is divided into syllables as follows: calculated.
| Word hyphenation rules | Examples |
|---|---|
| 1. As a rule, words are carried by syllables. The letters ъ, ь, й are not separated from the previous letters. | Razj-ride, blue-ka, my-ka. |
| 2. You can not transfer or leave one letter on a line, even if it denotes a syllable. | Oh bo-doc; words autumn, name cannot be split for transfer. |
| 3. When transferring, you cannot tear off the final consonant from the prefix. | From - flow, once - pour. |
| 4. When transferring, you cannot tear off the first consonant from the root. | Po-to rip, pri-to rip. |
| 5. When hyphenating words with double consonants, one letter remains on the line, while the other is hyphenated. | Ran-n-y, ter-r-or, van-n-a. |
| 6. The letter s after the prefix must not be torn off from the root, but the part of the word that begins with the letter s should not be transferred. | Times - say. |
It would seem that for any person who has learned to read, there is nothing easier than dividing words into syllables. In practice, it turns out that this is not such an easy task, moreover, in order to correctly complete this task, you need to know some of the nuances. If you think about it, not everyone can even give a clear answer to a simple question: “What is a syllable?”
So what is a syllable?
As you know, every word consists of syllables, which, in turn, consist of letters. However, for a combination of letters to be a syllable, it must necessarily contain one vowel, which in itself can constitute a syllable. It is generally accepted that a syllable is the smallest spoken unit of speech or, more simply, a sound / sound combination pronounced in one breath. For example, the word "I-blo-ko". To pronounce it, you need to exhale three times, which means that this word consists of three syllables.
In our language, one syllable cannot contain more than one vowel. Therefore, how many vowels in a word - so many syllables. Vowels are syllabic sounds (create a syllable), while consonants are non-syllabic (cannot form a syllable).
Theories of the syllable
There are as many as four theories trying to explain what a syllable is.
- exhalation theory. One of the most ancient. According to her, the number of syllables in a word is equal to the number of exhalations made during its pronunciation.
- acoustic theory. It implies that a syllable is a combination of sounds with high and low volume. The vowel is louder, so it is able to both independently form a syllable and attract consonants to itself, like less loud sounds.
- articulatory theory. In this theory, the syllable is presented as the result of muscle tension, which increases towards the vowel and falls towards the consonant.
- Dynamic theory. Explains the syllable as a complex phenomenon influenced by a number of factors listed in previous theories.
It is worth noting that each of the above theories has its drawbacks, however, as well as advantages, and none of them has been able to fully characterize the nature of the concept of "syllable".
Types of syllables
A word can consist of a different number of syllables - from one or more. It all depends on the vowels, for example: “sleep” is one syllable, “sno-vi-de-ni-e” is five. In this category, they are divided into monosyllabic and polysyllabic.
If there is more than one syllable in the composition of the word, then one of them is stressed, and it is called stressed (when pronounced, it is distinguished by the length and strength of the sound), and all the others are unstressed.
Depending on what sound the syllable ends with, they are open (vowel) and closed (consonant). For example, the word "for-water". In this case, the first syllable is open, as it ends in the vowel "a", while the second is closed because it ends in the consonant "d".
How to separate words into syllables?
First of all, it is worth clarifying that the division of words into phonetic syllables does not always coincide with the division for transfer. So, according to the rules of transfer, one letter cannot be separated, even if it is a vowel and is a syllable. However, if the word is divided into syllables, according to the rules of division, then a vowel not surrounded by consonants will make up one full-fledged syllable. For example: in the word “yu-la” there are phonetically two syllables, but this word will not be separated during transfer.
As stated above, there are exactly as many syllables in a word as there are vowels. One vowel sound can act as a syllable, but if it has more than one sound, then such a syllable will necessarily begin with a consonant. The above example - the word "yu-la" - is divided in this way, and not "yul-a". This example demonstrates how the second vowel "a" attracts "l" to itself.
If there are several consonants in a row in the middle of a word, they belong to the next syllable. This rule applies to cases with the same consonants, and to cases with different non-syllabic sounds. The word "o-tcha-i-n" illustrates both options. The letter "a" in the second syllable attracted a combination of different consonants - "tch", and "s" - double "nn". There is one exception to this rule - for unpaired non-syllable sounds. If the voiced consonant (y, l, l, m, m, n, n, p, p) is the first in the letter combination, then it is separated along with the previous vowel. In the word "flask" the letter "n" refers to the first syllable, as it is an unpaired voiced consonant. And in the previous example - “o-tcha-ya-ny” - “n” went to the beginning of the next syllable, according to the general rule, since it was a paired sonorant.
Sometimes letter combinations of consonants in a letter mean several letters, but sound like one sound. In such cases, the division of the word into syllables and the division for hyphenation will be different. Since the combination means one sound, then these letters should not be separated when divided into syllables. However, when transferring such letter combinations are separated. For example, the word “i-zjo-ga” has three syllables, but when transferred, this word will be divided as “izzho-ga”. In addition to the letter combination “zzh”, pronounced as one long sound [zh:], this rule also applies to combinations “ts” / “ts”, in which “ts” / “ts” sound like [ts]. For example, it is correct to divide “u-chi-tsya” without breaking “ts”, but when transferring, it will be “learn-sya”.
As noted in the previous section, the syllable is open and closed. There are much fewer closed syllables in Russian. As a rule, they are only at the end of the word: "hacker". In rare cases, closed syllables may be in the middle of a word, provided that the syllable ends in an unpaired sonorant: “bag”, but “bu-dka”.
How to separate words for hyphenation
Having dealt with the question of what a syllable is, what types of them are, and how to divide them into them, it is worth paying attention to the rules of word hyphenation. After all, with external similarity, these two processes do not always lead to the same result.
When dividing a word for transfer, the same principles are used as in the usual division into syllables, but it is worth paying attention to a number of nuances.
It is strictly forbidden to tear off one letter from a word, even if it is a syllable-forming vowel. This prohibition also applies to the transfer of a group of consonants without a vowel, with soft sign or y. For example, “a-ni-me” is divided into syllables like this, but it can only be transferred in this way: “ani-me”. As a result, when transferring, two syllables come out, although in reality there are three.
If two or more consonants are nearby, they can be divided at your discretion: “te-kstu-ra” or “tek-stu-ra”.
With paired consonants between vowels, they are separated, except when these letters are part of the root at the junction with a suffix or prefix: “classes”, but “classy”. The same principle applies to the consonant at the end of the word root before the suffix - of course, it is possible to tear off letters from the root during transfer, but it is undesirable: "Kyiv-sky". Similarly, with regard to the prefix: the last consonant included in its composition cannot be torn off: “under-creep”. If the root begins with a vowel, you can either still separate the prefix itself, or transfer two syllables of the root together with it: “accident-free”, “accident-free”.
Abbreviations cannot be transferred, but compound words can, but only in terms of components.
ABC by syllables
The syllable is of great practical importance in teaching children to read. From the very beginning, students learn letters and syllables, which of them can be combined. And later, from syllables, children learn to gradually build words. At first, children are taught to read words from simple open syllables - “ma”, “mo”, “mu” and the like, and soon the task is complicated. Most primers and teaching aids devoted to this issue, are built according to this method.
Moreover, especially for the development of the ability to read in syllables, some children's books are published with texts divided into syllables. This facilitates the process of reading and contributes to bringing the ability to recognize syllables to automatism.
In itself, the concept of "syllable" is not yet fully studied subject of linguistics. However, its practical importance is difficult to overestimate. After all, this small part of the word helps not only to learn reading and writing rules, but also helps to understand many grammatical rules. We should also not forget that, thanks to the syllable, there is poetry. After all, the main systems for creating rhymes are based precisely on the properties of this tiny phonetic-phonological unit. And although there are a lot of theories and studies devoted to it, the question of what a syllable is remains open.
Words are divided into syllables. Syllable- this is one sound or several sounds uttered by one expiratory push of air.
Wed: wow, wow.
1. In Russian, there are sounds that are different in audibility: vowels are more sonorous compared to consonants.
Exactly vowels form syllables, are syllable-forming.
Consonants are non-syllable. When pronouncing a word, consonants "stretch" to vowels, forming a syllable together with vowels.
2. A syllable can consist of one sound (and then it is necessarily a vowel!) or several sounds (in this case, in addition to the vowel, the syllable has a consonant or a group of consonants).
Rim - o-bo-dock; country - country; night light - night light; miniature - mi-ni-a-tu-ra.
3. Syllables are open and closed.
open syllable ends in a vowel sound.
Yes, country.
Closed syllable ends in a consonant.
Sleep, liner.
There are more open syllables in Russian. Closed syllables are usually seen at the end of a word.
Wed: night-timer(the first syllable is open, the second is closed), oh-bo-doc(the first two syllables are open, the third is closed).
In the middle of a word, a syllable usually ends in a vowel, and a consonant or group of consonants after a vowel usually goes to the next syllable!
Night-timer, tell me, announcer.
Note!
Sometimes two consonants can be written in a word, and one sound, for example: get rid of[izh: yt ']. Therefore, in this case, two syllables are distinguished: and-live.
Division into parts out-live complies with the rules of word hyphenation, not division into syllables!
The same can be seen in the example of the verb leave, in which the combination of consonants zzh sounds like one sound [zh:]; so the division into syllables will be - leave, and division into parts for transfer - leave.
Especially often errors are observed when syllables are distinguished from verb forms ending in -tsya, -tsya.
- Division twist-sya, presses-sya is a division into parts for transfer, and not a division into syllables, since in such forms the combination of letters ts, ts sounds like one sound [ts].
- When dividing into syllables, combinations of the letters ts, ts go entirely to the next syllable: see, wait.
In the middle of a word, closed syllables can form only unpaired voiced consonants: [j], [p], [p '], [l], [l '], [m], [m '], [n], [n ' ].
May-ka, Sonya-ka, co-scrap-ka.
Note!
When combining several consonants in the middle of a word:
1) Two identical consonants necessarily go to the next syllable.
Oh-tt go, yes-nn.
2) Two or more consonants usually go to the next syllable.
Sha-pk a, ra-vn th.
Exception make up combinations of consonants in which the first is an unpaired voiced (letters p, p, l, l, m, m, n, n, d).
Mar-ka, dawn-ka, bul-ka, stel-ka, lady-ka, ban-ka, ban-ka, lay-ka.
4. The division into syllables often does not coincide with the division into parts of the word (prefix, root, suffix, ending) and with the division of the word into parts during transfer.
For example, the word calculated is divided into morphemes calculated (races- console, counts- root; a, n- suffixes; th- ending).
The same word, when transferred, is divided as follows: calculated.
The word is divided into syllables as follows: calculated.
| Word hyphenation rules | Examples |
|---|---|
| 1. As a rule, words are carried by syllables. The letters ъ, ь, й are not separated from the previous letters. | Razj-ride, blue-ka, my-ka. |
| 2. You can not transfer or leave one letter on a line, even if it denotes a syllable. | Oh bo-doc; words autumn, name cannot be split for transfer. |
| 3. When transferring, you cannot tear off the final consonant from the prefix. | From - flow, once - pour. |
| 4. When transferring, you cannot tear off the first consonant from the root. | Po-to rip, pri-to rip. |
| 5. When hyphenating words with double consonants, one letter remains on the line, while the other is hyphenated. | Ran-n-y, ter-r-or, van-n-a. |
| 6. The letter s after the prefix must not be torn off from the root, but the part of the word that begins with the letter s should not be transferred. | Times - say. |