Day of the Navy (Navy) is celebrated in Russia on the last Sunday of July on the basis of a presidential decree Russian Federation dated May 31, 2006 "On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation".
The Navy as an independent branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation took shape from the end of the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The creation of a regular military fleet in Russia was due to the urgent need of the country to overcome territorial, political and cultural isolation, which at the turn of the 17th-18th centuries became the main obstacle to the economic and social development Russian state. The first regular formation of the domestic Navy was the Azov Fleet, which was formed from ships and vessels built in the winter of 1695-1696 and intended to assist the army in the campaign to capture the Turkish fortress of Azov.
On October 30 (October 20 according to the old style), 1696, the boyar duma, on the proposal of Tsar Peter I, adopted a resolution “Sea courts to be ...”, which became the first law on the fleet and official recognition of its foundation.
During the Northern War of 1700-1721, the Baltic Fleet was created, which made Russia one of the major maritime powers. The first warships for it were built in 1702–1703 at the mouth of the Syas River on Lake Ladoga and on the Svir River. In 1703, the base of the Russian fleet in the Baltic was laid - Kronshlot (later - Kronstadt).
During the Northern War, the main tasks of the fleet were determined, the list of which remains practically unchanged to this day, namely: the fight against the enemy’s naval forces, the fight on sea lanes, the defense of its coast from the sea direction, assistance to the army in coastal areas, strikes and ensuring the invasion of enemy territory from the sea direction. The proportion of these tasks changed as material means and the nature of armed struggle at sea changed. Accordingly, the role and place of the individual branches of forces that were part of the fleet changed.
Prior to the First World War, the main tasks were carried out by surface ships, and they were the main arm of the fleet. During the Second World War, this role was for some time transferred to naval aviation, and in the post-war period, with the advent of nuclear missile weapons and ships with nuclear power plants, submarines established themselves as the main branch of forces.
Prior to the First World War, the fleet was homogeneous. The coastal troops (naval infantry and coastal artillery), which existed since the beginning of the 18th century, were not organizationally part of the fleet. In 1906, submarine forces were born and began to develop as a new branch of the Navy. In 1914, the first units of naval aviation were formed, which in 1916 also acquired signs of an independent branch of force. The Navy as a heterogeneous strategic association was finally formed by the mid-1930s, when naval aviation, coastal defense, and air defense units (Air Defense) were organizationally incorporated into the Navy.
During the formation of the Russian regular fleet, its organizational structure and functions were unclear. In 1717, by decree of Peter I, the Admiralty Board was formed for the day-to-day management of the fleet. In 1802, the Ministry of Naval Forces was formed, later renamed the Naval Ministry and existed until 1917. Bodies of combat (operational) control of the forces of the Navy appeared after the Russo-Japanese War with the creation in 1906 of the Naval General Staff. On January 15, 1938, by a decree of the Central Executive Committee (CEC) and the Council of People's Commissars (SNK), the People's Commissariat of the Navy was created, which included the Main Naval Headquarters.
Permanent groupings of forces in the maritime theaters took shape as the Russian state solved the historical tasks associated with acquiring outlets to the World Ocean, including the country in the world economy and politics. In the Baltic, the fleet has existed continuously since May 18 (May 7, old style) 1703, the Caspian flotilla - from November 15 (November 4, old style) 1722, and the fleet on the Black Sea - from May 13 (May 2, old style) 1783. in the North and pacific ocean groupings of naval forces were created on a temporary basis or, having not received significant development, were periodically abolished. The current Pacific and Northern Fleets have existed as permanent groupings since April 21, 1932 and June 1, 1933, respectively.
The fleet received the greatest development by the mid-1980s. At that time, it included four fleets and the Caspian Flotilla, which included more than 100 divisions and brigades of surface ships, submarines, naval aviation and coastal defense.
The Navy of the Russian Federation - the successor to the Russian Navy and the Soviet Navy, consists of naval strategic nuclear forces and naval forces of general purpose. It includes surface forces, submarine forces, naval aviation and coastal troops, which include coastal missile and artillery troops and marines.
Organizationally, the Navy consists of four operational-strategic formations: the Northern, Pacific, Baltic and Black Sea Fleets, as well as the Caspian Flotilla.
The Navy is capable of inflicting nuclear strikes on enemy ground targets, destroying enemy fleet groups at sea and bases, disrupting the enemy’s ocean and sea communications and protecting its maritime transportation, assisting the Ground Forces in operations in continental theaters of military operations, landing amphibious assaults, and participating in repulsing landings enemy and perform other tasks.
According to the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Vladimir Korolev, at present, from 70 to 100 ships of the Russian Navy are constantly in various regions of the World Ocean, performing their functions.
Throughout its history, the fleet has played an important role in the fate of Russia. The legendary battles of the Russian fleet at Gangut (now the Hanko peninsula in Finland), Tendra, Sinop, Chesma, the most important operations during the First World War and the Great Patriotic War are forever imprinted in world history.
The history of celebrations in honor of the fleet dates back to the time of Peter I. The reason for the first real naval parade was the victory won by the Russian fleet on July 27 (August 7, according to a new style), 1714, in the battle of Gangut during the Northern War. She became the first in Russian history naval victory of the Russian fleet. The Gangut victory was solemnly celebrated in St. Petersburg. The celebration continued for several days. In his decree, Peter I ordered to celebrate the day of the Gangut victory every year on July 27 with solemn services, naval parades and fireworks. This day has become a kind of holiday for the Navy. Later, the celebration of the victory was limited only to a solemn prayer service. In the middle of the 19th century, the tradition of the time of Peter I was revived: on July 27, parades of ships decorated with flags began to be held and gun salutes sounded.
In 1917, the holiday was canceled. Since 1920, at the suggestion of the Headquarters of the Baltic Sea Naval Forces, on the closest day off to May 18 in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg), they began to celebrate the Day of the Red Fleet. On May 18 (May 7, old style) in 1703, the Russian regular fleet won its first victory in the Baltic. In a boarding battle, the Swedish boat "Gedan" and the shnyava (a small two-masted ship with direct sails) "Astrild" were captured. Subsequently, the date of this battle was accepted as the day of the emergence of the Baltic Fleet.
The holiday Day of the Navy in the USSR was first celebrated on July 24, 1939 on the basis of the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks dated June 22, 1939, by which it was established. The Navy Day should have been held annually on July 24th. The date of the celebration of the Navy Day was postponed to the last Sunday of July by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 1, 1980 "On holidays and memorable days" and subsequent legislative acts.
Traditionally, the celebration of the Day of the Navy begins with the solemn formation of the personnel of naval units and the ritual of hoisting the St. Andrew's flag and flags of coloring on ships. Naval parades and military sports festivals are held on this day in the bases of the Northern, Pacific, Baltic and Black Sea Fleets, as well as the Caspian Flotilla.
Parades of warships on this day have been held annually since 1939, and were not held only during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945).
In 2017, on behalf of the President, for the first time in recent history The main naval parade was held in St. Petersburg. In terms of the scale of the event, the number of ships and aircraft involved, this event could be compared with the May 9 Victory Parade on Red Square in Moscow.
The main naval parade on Navy Day will now be held annually.
A long time ago, the Russian Tsar Alexander III said: “Russia has no friends, they are afraid of our immensity. Russia has only two friends - the army and the navy. It is the army and navy that protect the borders of the state, which lie on land, seas and oceans. Navy Day in 2019 will be widely and solemnly celebrated. The holiday is recognized as one of the most important for the state. We will deal with the date of the celebration, recall the history of the Navy in Russia and talk about gifts for everyone who is associated with naval military service.
What date is Navy Day in Russia
In 2019, Navy Day is July 28. The holiday is not tied to a date and is celebrated on the last Sunday of July. Celebrations were established by Decree of the President of the country No. 549 of 05/31/2006. Knowing about the floating date, you can always calculate what date is Navy Day in the coming years, in particular:
- in 2019 - July 28;
- in 2020 - July 26;
- in 2021 - July 25;
- in 2022 - July 31.
When is Navy Day celebrated: the history and traditions of the holiday
Today we celebrate Navy Day on the last weekend of July, and in the USSR, celebrations were appointed by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks dated 06/22/1939. The date of the festivities was appointed one - July 24 of each year. Only in 1980 the date was moved to July and made floating.
The history of the celebration begins in 1923 with the Red Fleet Week holiday. Holidays included not only rallies, parades, but also labor subbotniks, raising money for the needs of the young Soviet fleet. This continued until 1939, until the date was officially fixed, appointing only one day as a holiday - July 24.
Despite the change in dates, the traditions of the Navy have been preserved in their original form. As in the day Soviet army and the Navy, St. Andrew's flags are hoisted on ships. The ceremony is held on all military vessels without exception. St. Andrew's flag is a symbol of the fleet and official holidays and events begin with the solemn raising of the flag.
By the date of the celebrations, the awards of the Navy military for special merits, the presentation of awards, and the assignment of extraordinary titles are timed to coincide. The command organizes concerts, interesting films and chronicles about the naval forces of the Russian Federation will be shown on TV. And after the official celebrations, military sailors and all employees of the department are waiting at home to celebrate the date in the family circle with friends and loved ones.
On the last Sunday of July, bright parades, solemn processions and congratulatory concerts will be organized in all ports of the country. You can watch the parade in Kaliningrad, St. Petersburg, Vladivostok, Sevastopol, Severomorsk and other cities. Surface, submarine forces and naval aviation take part in the solemn parades, this is a wonderful sight that should not be missed. Be patient, take a photo and wait for the evening fireworks - the fireworks on the Navy Day are amazing in scope and beauty. If you can't come to the port city, watch TV - the events will be broadcast on news channels.
Who celebrates Russian Navy Day
On the Day of the Navy, events and celebrations are intended not only for employees of the active army, but also for everyone who helps to bear the heavy burden of border protection. Congratulations to family members of military personnel, employees of specialized institutions, teachers and students, workers of enterprises and factories. Let's congratulate those who ensure the combat readiness of sea vessels. And, of course, veterans of the Second World War, the Armed Forces of Russia. Let us remember those who gave their lives in the service and retained honor and devotion to the Motherland.
History of the Russian fleet
At the turn of the 17th - 18th centuries in Russia there was a need to form its own military flotilla. Political isolation slowed down the development of the country so much that the only way out of the collapse was the development of navigation and the opening of new trade routes. And although merchant ships cruised long before that time, it was time to acquire a navy. The first ship was built according to the European model and was named "Frederick". The ship set sail on July 30, 1636, but ran aground due to a storm.
Then, before the entry into the kingdom of Peter I, the Russian navy was in a state of decline. The young king clearly understood the importance of the fleet, therefore he indisputably announced the creation of shipyards wherever possible. Thus began the formation Russian Empire as a maritime power. The stubborn struggle of the young tsar quickly bore fruit - the Russian fleet won many victories on the water. And in order to consolidate the morale, a show of force, it was decided to organize parades and fire cannons to commemorate the victory.
Many Peter's commandments are still alive today:
- “Enemies are not counted – they are beaten”;
- "Fight to the last, destroy the ship at the last moment";
- "Do not lower the flag before the enemy under any circumstances."
The traditions of honor will be preserved for a long time. And there is no more honest and selfless work than to stand guard over the borders of the Motherland.
How will Navy Day be celebrated in 2019
On the Day of the Navy, the program includes many festive events. The main festivities will be held in the cities where strategic fleets are based:
- Severomorsk - the main forces of the Northern Navy are located here;
- Kronstadt - the base of the Baltic Fleet;
- Sevastopol - the birthplace of the famous Black Sea Flotilla;
- Vladivostok - deployment of the Pacific Forces of the Navy;
- Astrakhan is the base of the main forces of the Caspian flotilla.
Solemn celebrations will be held in St. Petersburg, Murmansk, Kaliningrad, Arkhangelsk, Novorossiysk and other cities. Long before dawn, warships and boats will arrive at the ports. And then an unforgettable spectacle awaits all residents and guests - the parade of warships. The ceremony of raising the Andreevsky flag precedes the celebrations, then the action itself begins, in which corvettes, frigates, minesweepers, and submarines will take part.
After the parade, the sailors go ashore and continue the celebration on land. On the Day of the Foundation of the Russian Navy, everyone rejoices, not only sailors, but also marines, pilots, divers. Servants of the active army, the military who have already served, veterans and those who just want to join the ranks of the Navy take part in the celebrations.
It will be interesting for children and adults to visit a warship - free excursions are organized on Navy Day. Competitions, competitions, concerts are held in the ports and there will be fireworks in the evening.
Congratulations on the Day of the Navy
How can you congratulate relatives and friends on the Day of the Navy? Of course, give them attention, organize a holiday in the family with friends. Summer days beckon to nature, to parks, you can go on a picnic and spend the day not only pleasant, but also useful. And in order not to think about speech and toasts, we suggest looking at congratulations in prose, poetry, postcards and videos with us.
How to congratulate a sailor in an original way
Gifts for the Navy Day are selected depending on the preferences of the person. It is customary for men to give souvenirs with symbols, for ladies - flowers, cute trifles. It is worth noting that people who carry out a difficult service are distinguished by their love of order, therefore organizers and reference books will come in handy.
An original gift can be a mug with a photo of the whole family or friends, a T-shirt or a vest with a symbol of the military branch. A set of personal accessories with initials, a notebook and a pen, a "camping kit". The present can be assembled from the necessary things, decorated with the symbols of the Navy and you get a memorable gift.
Congratulations in verse and prose
Choose and congratulate all relatives, acquaintances and friends:
Congratulations on the Day of the Navy and on this holiday I wish every day of my life to bathe in the rays of glory and conquer the high waves of success. May your inner core never weaken, may the sea element fill your heart with inspiration and dreams.
Congratulations on Navy Day and I want to wish you to be the almighty Neptune in the ocean of happiness in your life. Let the waves of inspiration and fun rage at your pier, let your flotilla be uneasy.
Congratulations on the Day of the Navy. I wish you to be a daring shark with your enemies, and a sweet and kind dolphin with your loved ones, I wish you to feel like a fish in water in any company, and in any business to achieve a high wave of success and glory.
Happy Navy Day, with a holiday of stormy elements and courage of the heart. I wish to rule the ball of my life, like the majestic king of the sea, I wish to famously overcome the high waves of fate. And I also wish to remain the same daredevil, brave man and great fellow. May good luck accompany both at sea and on land, may love and inspiration help to accomplish feats.
Beautiful or funny poems with congratulations will cheer you up in any company:
Congratulations on Navy Day
Brave, most valiant men!
You are the pride of our army by right,
After all, the fleet has always been number one!
I wish you an excellent, bright service,
Salted on all seven winds,
Health and reliable, strong friendship,
Success, happiness, joy in business!
**
I am a sailor and you are a sailor!
Both of us are in Morflot.
Let those envy us
Who serves in the infantry.
We love always
Horizon at sea.
And we don’t paint like a construction battalion
Benches and fences.
So let's raise the flag
Ours is higher with you.
So that everyone knows - our holiday
And be quiet!
**
Put on a vest, flared trousers,
Pull in your beer belly
And cheerful, fine and handsome,
Accept 100 grams for the fleet!
For all fellow soldiers,
For youth in the ranks
For the life berth,
Warmed fate with joy!
Happy Navy Day
Sailors are congratulated by the country!
Service to the Motherland is your job,
Military valor, full of glory.
From Peter - sailors, the path is fearless -
The enemy has been defeated more than once or twice,
The military fleet on guard of the state,
It stands as an indestructible stronghold!
To all sailors - courage and strength,
The sky is peaceful, sunny days,
To serve the beloved Fatherland,
You were proud of your honor!
**
If you are a sailor, brother,
Day, today, only yours,
Have fun, walk with the baby,
Let the surf sing love!
Let it storm you with success
Joy overflows,
There will be many jokes, laughter,
Well, this is ... - pour!
Video greetings and postcards on Navy Day
Beautiful video congratulations:
Postcards Happy Navy Day for free and for any occasion:
Songs for the Navy Day
What is a holiday without a song? So that no one forgets what date it is today, sing along, and you will find the lyrics with us.
Anthem of the Navy of the Russian Federation
We need such ships at sea,
So that we can argue with any wave.
Lighthouses are needed and we need a locator,
And we also need faithful guys.
And then water is like earth to us.
And then we have a family crew.
And then any of us don't mind
Though all my life to serve in the navy.
We need trips to serve at sea,
And greetings from home in distant waters
And so as not to waste free minutes
Of course, we need a guitar in the cockpit.
It is not at all necessary to serve in the navy in order to know exactly what date this holiday is celebrated. Why? Yes, because the event throughout the country, and especially in cities where there is a fleet, is celebrated noisily, cheerfully and on a large scale.
The tradition of celebrating this holiday appeared back in 1939, like many professional holidays already in the days of the USSR. The date was set every last Sunday in July, and the famous Admiral Kuznetsov took the initiative to establish such a holiday. No sooner said than done, since then, on the last July Sunday, Navy Day has been celebrated in our country.
- About exact date
- From the history of the holiday
- About the modern fleet of Russia
- Who is the holiday in honor of?
- About port cities
About exact date
Sevastopol and other cities of our country will be celebrated on the last July Sunday. In our country, this holiday was officially established in 2006 by presidential decree, although it was widely and magnificently celebrated back in Soviet times.
Important! First, in the USSR, Navy Day was celebrated on July 24 of each year, that is, it was a specific date that was set, and not some day of the week on the calendar. Then, since 1980, the celebration was moved to the fourth Sunday of July every year.
From the history of the holiday
In Russia, a regular navy was organized not just like that, but because of the urgent need for the country to end political, as well as cultural and territorial isolation. An urgent need arose at the very end of the 17th century, when it was clear that the Russian Empire was lagging behind other European countries in its development.If we consider the unofficial history of the holiday, we can safely say that it is already about three hundred years old. Emperor Peter the Great built a fleet back in 1714 and defeated it in a difficult naval battle with the Swedes. By the way, historians note that it was in this battle that the tradition was founded during the battle to shoot from ship's cannons. The fleet itself was built by Peter back in 1696, the tsar's initiative was supported by the boyars. In honor of the holiday, cook.
It turned out that in 1700 in the Russian Empire in different shipyards about one and a half hundred ships were launched, of which 113 ships were at oars, and all the rest were already under sail. The first steps towards the creation of the fleet were taken for a reason - Peter the Great had the goal of access to the Baltic Sea.
Since then, the navy in the Russian Empire has only developed, the country had access to different seas. Further, the story takes us to 1923, when the USSR already existed and a tradition appeared to hold weeks of the Red Fleet. In honor of this event, a variety of events were organized. Including, these were subbotniks, mass rallies, raising money for the development of the fleet.
About the modern fleet of Russia
Baltiysk and other cities, even where there is no access to the sea, will celebrate this holiday on the last Sunday of the second month of summer, that is, on July 28th. What is the modern fleet in our country? First of all, the fleet protects the interests of Russia, and not only at sea, but also on land.It should also be noted the conduct of hostilities in the seas and oceans, if there is a war. The Russian fleet today can carry out nuclear strikes against ground targets, destroy enemy naval bases, and protect its own maritime transportation. Also, the Navy, if necessary, provides assistance to the Ground Forces.
Who is the holiday in honor of?
This is a favorite holiday in Russia since Soviet times. In addition to the military personnel themselves and their families, but also for every citizen of the country, this holiday is important. Only some receive congratulations on this day, while others, respectively, should distribute them. Who exactly do we congratulate on the day of the Navy? Military personnel who are or have served in this kind of troops, people who are in charge of the combat unit, ships, relatives and friends of representatives of these professions. Also, do not forget about the employees and workers of naval institutions and enterprises, as well as veterans.The main purpose of the establishment of any professional holiday is to pay attention to people who devote their lives to a particular profession. Here, too, Navy Day is established in order to support the glory and honor of military sailors in our country. It is simply impossible to imagine a full-fledged prosperous state, at least as large as ours. Being at sea, the military always remembers their families and all those who remained on the ground. The government is confident in the selfless service of all people who guard the maritime borders.
It should be emphasized once again that this holiday is directly related to the families of sailors. They are a reliable rear of servicemen, they are waiting for them to go home from the sea and charge them with new energy, positive in order to proudly serve their homeland.
What is currently part of the Navy of the Russian Federation:
1. Black Sea Fleet;
2. Baltic Fleet;
3. Northern Fleet;
4. Pacific Fleet;
5. Flotilla, which is located in the Caspian Sea.
Interesting! Children who went or go today to relax in health camps in the summer, definitely celebrate Navy Day on the last Sunday of July, but they may simply not know about it. This is because the official name for this holiday in health camps is Neptune Day.
About port cities
As already mentioned in this material, Navy Day is celebrated extensively and massively throughout the country. But, of course, the most striking will be the events and the festive program that are being prepared in the port cities. There are many such cities in our country today. Here you can note Arkhangelsk, Baltiysk and Vladivostok, of course, Severomorsk and Kronstadt, Murmansk, Taganrog and Novorossiysk, as well as Azov, Kaliningrad and, of course, Sochi.The holiday in honor of the Navy Day is of a massive nature in Sevastopol, as well as in St. Petersburg. Moreover, the northern capital in this list is not accidental. It was in the Northern War that the Peter and Paul Fortress was laid, which was the first to gain access to the Baltic Sea. The celebrations in honor of the Day of the Navy in St. Petersburg are of particular importance for everyone, they affect almost every family: some had grandfathers and fathers, others had husbands and even sons. This is how maritime dynasties are formed in our country.
Needless to say, in all the port cities of our country, celebrations are held magnificently, especially since Navy Day always falls on Sunday, in accordance with the current legislation. In addition to the fact that mass events and bright festive concerts are held, this day traditionally ends with magnificent fireworks. It is celebrated back in July.
It turned out very symbolically this year that Navy Day coincides with the last day of the second month of summer - this is July 29th. The calendar has developed in such a way that the fourth Sunday of July, the official Navy Day in our country this year, falls at the end of the month and on its very last day.
Although Russia is the largest of the land countries, it is also one of the most powerful maritime powers. The traditions of navigation in our country go back to ancient times. Millions of Russian men dressed in the past or are now wearing the most beautiful Russian naval uniform in the world. The sailors of our country have always courageously and staunchly defended it from foreign invaders, many of them gave their lives for Russia. Is it any wonder that Navy Day is one of the most beloved holidays by the citizens of our country.
Story
It is believed that the history of the domestic navy began under Peter the Great, although in fact our ancestors traveled with military purposes across the seas a thousand years ago - it is enough to recall the campaign of Prince Oleg of Kyiv against Constantinople - the then capital of the world. However, the navy acquired its own holiday only in Soviet times - in 1939, on June 22, a corresponding decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was issued.
The holiday was postponed to the last July Sunday already in 1980 by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces. And finally the status of this day was established by President Putin in 2006, who issued a Decree of the corresponding content on May 31.
Traditions
It can be said without any exaggeration that the whole country celebrates Navy Day in our country:
- Naval parades are held in the home ports, with the solemn hoisting of the ship's St. Andrew's flags and flags of coloring, and various performances on naval themes.
- Sports and military competitions for sailors are held en masse. St. Petersburg, Kronstadt, Vladivostok, and now Sevastopol are especially distinguished in this part;
- The personnel of the fleet are congratulated by commanders of all ranks, up to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief - the President of the Russian Federation.
- Traditionally, it is on the last Sunday of July that officers, foremen and sailors are assigned regular titles, present state awards, insignia, gifts and certificates.
And at home, everyone who happened to go ashore on the holiday is waiting for festive tables and joyful faces of relatives and friends who are ready to vigorously congratulate the “culprit” on the solemn date.
Do not forget, dear readers, if you live in a seaside town with a naval base, or if at least the coastal unit of the Navy is based in your locality, come to congratulate the glorious sailors on their professional holiday.
The day of October 30 in our country is considered to be the Day of the foundation of the Russian Navy. Today, October 30, is a holiday - the Day of the Foundation of the Russian Navy. History, traditions, congratulations. (20) On October 30, 1696, the Boyar Duma, at the insistence of Peter I, decided to create a regular Russian navy: "There will be sea vessels." The creation of a regular military fleet in Russia is a historical pattern, due to the urgent need of the country to overcome territorial, political and cultural isolation, which at the turn of the 17th-18th centuries became the main obstacle to the economic and social development of the Russian state.
Therefore, in the 1690s, military shipbuilding developed in Russia. Soon ships began to be built in Voronezh and St. Petersburg, on Ladoga and in Arkhangelsk. The Azov and Baltic fleets were created, later - the Pacific, Northern, Black Sea fleets and the Caspian flotilla. In the 1st half of the 18th century, Russian sailors made many important geographical discoveries. In 1740, V. Bering and A. Chirikov founded Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, in 1741 they opened the strait and reached the western coast North America.
In the future, significant geographical discoveries, round-the-world trips were made by the remarkable Russian navigators F.F. Bellingshausen, V.M. Golovnin, M.P. Lazarev, E.V. Putyatin. In the 2nd half of the 18th - early 19th century, the Russian Navy in terms of the number of warships reached the 3rd place in the world, the tactics of military operations at sea were constantly improved. This allowed the Russian sailors to win a number of brilliant victories. The life and exploits of admirals G.A. Spiridova, F.F. Ushakova, D.N. Senyavina, G.I. Butakova, V.I. Istomina, V.A. Kornilov, P.S. Nakhimova, S.O. Makarov.
The emblem of the Russian Navy During the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet fleet withstood severe tests and reliably covered the flanks of the fronts, crushing the Nazis at sea, in the sky and on land. Submariners, naval pilots and soldiers of the Marine Corps have written new pages in the history of the Fatherland's maritime glory. In 1941-1945 admirals N.G. Kuznetsov, I.S. Isakov, A.G. Golovko, V.F. Tributs, F.S. Oktyabrsky, L.A. Vladimirsky, S.G. Gorshkov, I.S. Yumashev... The modern Russian navy has reliable military equipment: these are powerful missile cruisers, nuclear submarines, anti-submarine ships, landing craft and naval aircraft. This technique works effectively in the capable hands of our naval specialists. Russian sailors continue and develop the glorious traditions of the Russian Navy, which has more than 300 years of history.
Navy
The Navy as an independent branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has been taking shape since the end of the 17th century. until the beginning of the 20th century.
The creation of a regular navy in Russia is a historical pattern. It was due to the urgent need of the country to overcome the territorial, political and cultural isolation, which became at the turn of the XVII-XVIII centuries. the main obstacle to the economic and social development of the Russian state.
The first permanent grouping of forces - the Azov Fleet - was formed from ships and vessels built in the winter of 1695-1696. and was intended to assist the army in the campaign to capture the Turkish fortress of Azov. On October 30, 1696, the boyar duma, on the proposal of Tsar Peter I, adopted a resolution “Sea courts to be ...”, which became the first law on the fleet and recognition as the official date of its foundation.
During the Northern War of 1700-1721. the main tasks of the fleet were determined, the list of which remains practically unchanged to this day, namely: the fight against the enemy’s naval forces, the fight on sea lanes, the defense of its coast from the sea direction, the assistance of the army in coastal directions, strikes and ensure the invasion of the territory enemy from the sea. The proportion of these tasks changed as material means and the nature of armed struggle at sea changed. Accordingly, the role and place of the individual branches of forces that were part of the fleet changed.
So, before the First World War, the main tasks were solved by surface ships, and they were the main arm of the fleet. During the Second World War, this role was for some time transferred to naval aviation, and in the post-war period, with the advent of nuclear missile weapons and ships with nuclear power plants, submarines established themselves as the main branch of forces.
Prior to the First World War, the fleet was homogeneous. Coastal troops (naval infantry and coastal artillery) existed from the beginning of the 18th century, however, organizationally they were not part of the fleet. On March 19, 1906, submarine forces were born and began to develop as a new branch of the Navy.
In 1914, the first units of naval aviation were formed, which in 1916 also acquired signs of an independent branch of force. Navy Aviation Day is celebrated on July 17 in honor of the first victory of Russian naval pilots in an air battle over the Baltic Sea in 1916. The Navy was finally formed as a diverse strategic association by the mid-1930s, when naval aviation, coastal defense and air defense units.
The modern system of command and control of the Navy finally took shape on the eve of the Great Patriotic War. On January 15, 1938, by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars, the People's Commissariat of the Navy was created, within which the Main Naval Headquarters was formed. During the formation of the Russian regular fleet, its organizational structure and functions were unclear. On December 22, 1717, by decree of Peter I, the Admiralty Board was formed for the daily management of the fleet. On September 20, 1802, the Ministry of Naval Forces was formed, later renamed the Naval Ministry and existed until 1917. The combat (operational) control of the Navy forces appeared after the Russo-Japanese War with the creation of the Naval General Staff on April 7, 1906. At the head of the Russian fleet were such famous naval commanders as Peter I, P.V. Chichagov, I.K. Grigorovich, N.G. Kuznetsov, S.G. Gorshkov.
Permanent groupings of forces in the maritime theaters took shape as the Russian state solved the historical tasks associated with acquiring outlets to the World Ocean, including the country in the world economy and politics. In the Baltic, the fleet has constantly existed since May 18, 1703, the Caspian flotilla - from November 15, 1722, and the fleet on the Black Sea - from May 13, 1783. In the North and the Pacific Ocean, fleet force groups were created, as a rule, on a temporary basis or, not having received significant development, were periodically abolished. The current Pacific and Northern Fleets have existed as permanent groupings since April 21, 1932 and June 1, 1933, respectively.
The fleet was most developed by the mid-1980s. At that time, it included 4 fleets and the Caspian flotilla, which included more than 100 divisions and brigades of surface ships, submarines, naval aviation and coastal defense.
At present, the Navy is the main component and basis of the maritime potential of the Russian Federation, one of the instruments of the state's foreign policy and is intended to ensure the protection of the interests of the Russian Federation and its allies in the World Ocean by military methods, to maintain military-political stability in the seas adjacent to it , military security from sea and ocean directions.
The main event in the combat training of the Navy in 2010 was the participation of the Pacific Fleet in cooperation with the heavy nuclear missile cruiser Pyotr Veliky of the Northern Fleet and the guards missile cruiser Moskva of the Black Sea Fleet in the operational-strategic exercise Vostok-2010. The Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the RF Armed Forces - President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev observed the progress of the exercises in the Sea of Japan from the heavy nuclear cruiser Pyotr Veliky.
The intensification of cooperation with the fleets of foreign countries continues in the field of ensuring the safety of navigation, the fight against piracy, drug trafficking, smuggling, to provide assistance to ships in distress, and to save lives at sea.
In 2010, the Baltic Fleet took part in the international exercise "BALTOPS-2010", the Northern Fleet - in the Russian-Norwegian exercise "Pomor-2010". The large anti-submarine ship "Severomorsk" of the Northern Fleet, together with warships of the US, British and French navies, participated in the international naval exercises "FRUKUS-2010", which are taking place in the Atlantic.
For the first time, the forces of the Northern and Pacific Fleets practiced interaction as part of groupings on long-distance ocean voyages.
In the military-diplomatic sphere, the demonstration of the St. Andrew's flag during visits to the seaports of foreign states has played and continues to play a significant role. The Russian Navy continued its regular presence in the Horn of Africa and the Gulf of Aden. Warships of the Northern, Pacific and Baltic fleets have carried out and continue to carry out convoys of civilian ships through areas of increased piracy activity.
Story
The day of the establishment of the Navy is considered to be its official introduction by Peter I, but the origin of the Russian flotilla began in the 6th-7th centuries.
It is interesting:
The first flotilla, which lasted only a year, was built in 1570 by decree of Ivan the Terrible. In 1636, a three-masted ship of the European type was built for the first time in Russia, which was used by the Holsteiners.
The first ship of the Western European type was built in 1667. Together with Dutch and local craftsmen, a Russian two-deck ship was assembled on the Oka River, having three masts and capable of going to sea, but never did so. Several boats and a yacht were also built.
The Don Cossacks had experience in naval combat, but the development of the Russian fleet began only with the onset of the 18th century. On October 30, 1696, on the advice of Peter I, the Boyar Duma decided to establish a regular Russian navy.
The establishment of the fleet contributed to the active development of shipbuilding, the creation of the Azov and Baltic fleets, which were later joined by the Caspian flotilla, the Pacific, Northern and Black Sea fleets.
The first half of the 18th century became a period of geographical discoveries for Russian sailors, giving the world such great navigators as V. Bering, V. Golovin, E. Putyatin and others.
In the second half of the 18th century, the Russian Navy ranked third in terms of the number of warships. Continuously improving and training the tactics of battles, the Russian fleet won victories in many battles, imprinting Admirals Makarov, Spiridov, Kornilov and other brave military men in history.
The continuous training of the fleet helped him during the Second World War in difficult conditions not only not to lose his positions, but also to defeat the enemy. Naval pilots, submariners and marines worked as a well-coordinated mechanism, creating the maritime glory of Russia.
Now our fleet is developing, improving its skills, and is armed with the most modern equipment.
Traditions
On the Day of the Foundation of the Russian Navy, everyone who is related to this responsible profession receives congratulations and awards. But most of the sailors spend this day in the workplace. On the ships, the Andreevsky flag is raised and ceremonial formations take place. The authorities express their gratitude for the service.
Congratulations on the founding day of the Navy
The appearance of the navy in Russia dates back to 1969, when the Boyar Duma issued an order to establish a permanent navy. From that moment, active shipbuilding began in Russia, which entered the active phase. Fleets were created practically on the entire territory of Russia. Shipbuilding developed in such cities: St. Petersburg, Voronezh, Arkhangelsk, ships were also built on Ladoga. An incredible contribution to the development of the navy is made by the exploits and achievements of Admirals V. I. Istomin, P. S. Nakhimov and many, many others. During the Second World War, the famous Russian admirals skillfully led the defense of their fronts and proved to be real heroes. Today the Russian Navy is famous for its military equipment, missiles, submarines and landing craft. Today our main task is to preserve and develop traditions. We celebrate the Foundation Day of the Russian Navy - October 30.
Today is the holiday of the brave sailors,
We congratulate you from the bottom of our hearts,
We appreciate your dedication always,
And sincerely thank you for your service.
We wish you a fair wind
Happiness, joy, good luck and kindness,
May fortune always be with you
And the family is looking forward to it.
You conquer the expanses of water,
And your service is not easy,
May the mountains await you ahead of you,
And the shores are waiting for you.
May your service be easy
Let sorrows disappear forever
May strong male friendship
Will help you out at any time.
Sea waves are your element,
And the deck is a solid path,
You are sailors, you are strong,
May fate always keep you.
Congratulations on a wonderful holiday,
I wish you success in your service,
Let the breeze always blow you,
Let sorrows be carried away by water.
With all my heart, today I want to congratulate
Brave and fearless sailors,
Praise for services to the country,
Strong sea wolves.
Let there always be seven feet under the keel,
Let work bring you inspiration
Let trouble pass by the side
Congratulations to everyone on the holiday of the fleet.
You conquer great distances
From the northern seas to abroad,
May there be a lot of happiness, a whole fortune,
And sadness is just a small unit.
May fortune always smile at you
May hope never leave
May all life be without sorrows
Let reliable friends surround you.
The depths of the ocean, striking with its power,
Keeps the navy clearly its borders.
Through bad weather, wind, storm and orders
The knitting needles fulfill their duty of defense.
There is our Russia to be proud of,
Happy holiday today, we sincerely congratulate
Power to you military, greatness and strength,
On this festive day, we sincerely wish you!
Happy Navy Day to you,
Please accept our congratulations on this day.
Brilliant reputation to you and good luck in everything,
May no shadow of doubt ever fall on you!
Be proud, Great Russia, honor to the heroes and praise!
With a proudly raised head, a powerful column passed!
Victory in everything and prosperity, on this day and hour
Once again, we warmly congratulate you!
On this sailor's day, my congratulations,
Today I will collect everything in one poem!
The sea is always calm, sunny weather,
Let them avoid troubles and adversities!
Happy Holidays, Russia, live, bloom, dear,
Let your heroes in the sea protect the borders!
Low bow to you! Honor, praise and glory!
Let luck and wealth follow you!
On this day of the navy,
Many congratulations to give you a hunt,
Sun and bright smiles, light and warmth,
Only a bright dear life to always lead you!
For Russia, for the heroes, pride disassembles me,
The whole wide world heartily congratulates you today!
Water is everywhere, blue sea,
Beautiful to the point of madness.. To exhaustion..
All of us are always in a good mood,
It is impossible not to remember these wonderful moments!
Sailors are heroes, the pride of the whole country,
Russia needs you like air and water!
Brave and courageous, and I marvel at your strength,
Congratulations again and I'm so excited!
Happy Navy Day to you,
We all send a big hello today!
This loud holiday is celebrating today
Accept from us such a covenant for you -
Decisiveness and patience, steel nerves to you always,
Live together in this world for many more years!
We congratulate you from the bottom of our hearts, and let the state bloom!
Let the people for an encore once again sing the glorious Russian anthem!
Congratulations on the holiday of the navy,
I always wish the great prosperity of Russia,
Let him congratulate his brave sailors today,
The glory of them thunders all the time and goes through the depths of centuries!
Be happy, relatives, comfort always reigns in the family,
Peace and justice in the soul, never thicken!
Once again, we congratulate, appreciate, love, respect,
For your courage and courage, life is only more beautiful with you!
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We congratulate everyone on the DAY OF THE NAVY