PREPARATION FOR THE USE IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE.
TESTS A5.
51 examples with answers.
(these examples of task A5 are included in many USE training tests in the Russian language ; the likelihood of their inclusion in real versions of the exam is unlikely; however, solving these examples, in preparation for the exam, will be very useful in terms of students' understanding general principles grammatically correct construction of sentences and syntactic norms)
1. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Due to the increase in the level of service in company stores, there are more customers.
2) "Moidodyr", written by Korney Chukovsky and published in the 20s of the twentieth century, has become one of the most beloved works of children.
3) M. Gorky in one of his articles notes that poets before Pushkin did not know the people at all, were not interested in their fate, rarely wrote about them.
4) Those who have been striving for a dream since childhood often realize their life plans.
2. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) In the play "The Seagull" the storyline develops in several directions.
2) In his articles, this journalist raised questions that concern many of his contemporaries.
3) Science studies the laws of the surrounding world and, at the same time, relies on the experience of previous generations.
4) Painting not only enriches emotionally, but also makes you think.
3. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) The lyrical hero is one of the central characters of the novel "Eugene Onegin".
2) Those who love the modern detective came to the meeting with the writer.
3) One of the artists who sang the beauty of the Russian hinterland was Levitan.
4) Chemical reaction shows and helps to understand the composition of the substance.
4. Point out the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) All those who came to the match were satisfied with the game of our team.
2) Blok's poem "The Twelve" presents a complex system of images.
3) Thanks to the fine arts associated with the Decembrist movement, our contemporaries can expand their knowledge of this historical era.
4) Music embodies the most complex feelings in a special form and can convey them.
5. Point out the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) Athletes worked out according to the training schedule.
2) No one else read these verses like that!
3) The delegation was heading to the house of a famous scientist, located not far from the main square.
4) We loved hiking and often went to the forest.
6. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) The winter session of students was held according to the schedule.
2) The teacher pointed out that there are a number of errors in the work.
3) This report reflects the problems that concern the geneticists of the world.
4) Students received not only dictionaries, but also workbooks.
7. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
8. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) Those who have been around for the past few years have come to me.
2) For the first time I listened to the opera "Khovanshchina" with my parents.
3) The patient applied and was treated by this doctor.
4) One of the first scientists who discovered the laws of the surrounding world was Newton.
9. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) The interlocutors reproached each other for insincerity.
2) Archaeological excavations were carried out according to the plan.
3) We became interested in the books brought from the new publishing house.
4) Wherever I was, everywhere I paid attention to the architectural buildings of the 19th century.
10. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) The painting by I. I. Firsov “Young painter” depicts the artist’s home workshop.
3) Not only abilities, but also diligence will help to achieve success in work.
4) Everyone who starts teaching early foreign language masters it to perfection.
11. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) The schedule for carrying out repair work in the workshops of the plant was violated contrary to the instructions of the director.
2) Those who sat on the banks of the river more than once experienced incomparable bliss.
3) A visitor, apparently a tourist, asked a passer-by if there was a post office nearby.
4) My sister likes to play the piano and sing in the choir.
12. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
13. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) Upon completion of the experiment, scientists will publish an analytical report.
2) Many of those who knew Chekhov recalled his fierce hatred of self-aggrandizement and swagger.
3) One of the Russian customs, valued by many old Muscovites, was oral storytelling.
4) Oh great power love of Orpheus and Eurydice is told in the book "Myths of Ancient Hellas", compiled by A. I. Nemirovsky.
14. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
2) Everyone who wrote about Russian nature noted its poetry and picturesqueness.
3) In the painting by the artist Bogatov “Neighbours”, the luxurious interior of the room is striking.
4) None of the passers-by, hurrying to the fair, paid attention to the carts with household utensils standing aside.
15. Point out the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) Contrary to punctuation rules, journalists often use dashes instead of colons.
2) Yesterday I got to Yalta and met many acquaintances there who had come to rest.
3) Visitors were amazed at the height of the Ostankino tower.
4) In the poem "Vasily Terkin" the feat of a Russian soldier, faithful to his duty and the Fatherland, is sung.
16. Point out the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) There were three dozen houses in the village of Olkhovka.
2) Children rarely listen to and follow the advice of their elders.
3) Of all those who played in the play, I remember only Mikhail Tsarev.
4) The participants of the first Victory Parade, who arrived in Moscow, were presented with memorable gifts.
17. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Thanks to sincerity, kindness, mutual understanding of parents, peace and harmony have always reigned in the family.
2) In Ostroukhov’s painting “Golden Autumn”, the multicolor of autumn is like a bright, cheerful carpet with elegant ornaments.
3) The scientist emphasized that Pushkin's poetic talent flourished unusually in the autumn.
4) In one of the old houses preserved in the center of Moscow, there were great Russian poets and writers, composers and artists.
18. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) One of the independent types of art that has existed since the end of the 15th century is graphics.
2) Everyone who loves Russian culture knows the names of great poets and writers - Pushkin, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy.
3) Upon arrival from St. Petersburg, Gogol settled in the house of the Aksakovs (now on Suvorovsky Boulevard).
4) V.P. Astafiev wrote about his attitude to classical music in the essay “Postscript”.
19. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) Thanks to the efforts of doctors, an influenza epidemic was avoided.
2) A meeting of school principals was held in Moscow on issues related to final exams.
3) No matter how much we dream about the future, it still remains unknown.
4) Historical documents, which are becoming increasingly important, are portraits of relatives of the Decembrists.
20. Point out the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) My parents keep and often re-read the Roman-newspaper.
2) We paid for the purchases and left the department store.
3) The students were happy to help the archaeologists who came from St. Petersburg.
4) We have been subscribed to the journal "Nature" for a long time.
21. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Lexical repetitions are a means of expressiveness in Lermontov's poem "Borodino".
2) Stories can be created not only in writing, but also in oral form.
3) Katerina's protest, defending her human rights, had a public sound.
4) The Internet stores huge databases on various issues of science and allows them to be used.
22. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) One of the most famous playwrights who showed the world of merchant Moscow in his plays was Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky.
2) Everyone who was interested in the history of Russian literature is familiar with the work of Russian fiction writers of the nineteenth century.
3) Between the trunks of pines in the forest, in some places, an oblique ray of sunset made its way.
4) Among the scientific works of F. I. Buslaev, first of all, his book “Historical Grammar of the Russian Language” should be mentioned.
23. Point out the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) Against the wishes of the patient, he was admitted to the hospital.
2) It is necessary to pay the fare in the subway.
3) The lesson-lecture was held for the first time in our class.
4) Dressing gown washed and put away in the closet.
24. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) According to the order of the school principal, all students can take part in sports games.
2) None of those who listened to the amazing music of P. I. Tchaikovsky for the ballet "The Nutcracker" could remain indifferent.
3) No encyclopedia can contain all the accumulated knowledge about the animal world.
4) In the painting “Three Heroes”, V. M. Vasnetsov depicted his favorite heroes of Russian epics: Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, Alyosha Popovich.
25. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) A. P. Losenko’s painting “Farewell of Hector to Andromache” was close and understandable to the artist’s contemporaries.
2) Those who persevere in pursuit of their goal are worthy of respect.
3) Registration of the participants of the symposium was carried out immediately upon their arrival.
4) Each spring, the kiwi lays one (rarely two) greenish-white eggs in a flat-platform nest built among the roots, or in a dense bush, or in a dug hole.
26. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Those whose talent and virtuosity in performing musical works are admired today by millions of grateful listeners have overcome many obstacles on the way to recognition.
2) Saturated amazing facts"The Big Book of the Forest" by Yuri Dmitriev is a work of an encyclopedic nature, at the same time imbued with extraordinary poetry.
3) On large posters attached to two stands standing on both sides of the stage, conventional signs known to all spectators were depicted.
4) At the end of the conference, everyone was invited to the hall, where the performance of the virtuoso pianist was to take place.
27. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
2) At the end of the 18th century, science became aware of the existence of an unusual mammal that lays eggs and incubates them: it was a platypus.
3) The brave caretaker, risking his life, rushed across the galloping horse.
4) Those who do not retreat in the face of difficulties will always be an example for the younger generation.
28. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) If there were no witnesses, it is not known how the case would have turned out.
2) Those who have been to Antarctica could see the active volcano Erebus, located on one of the coastal islands.
3) The page of the passport containing encoded information about its owner will be filled in by laser engraving.
4) Thanks to Galileo, mankind received the first optical astronomical instrument in its history - a telescope.
29. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky wrote that the highest and most characteristic feature of the Russian people is a sense of justice.
2) The teacher reminded that abstracts must be submitted no later than March.
3) A.P. Chekhov recalled that he and his sisters knew French, German and English languages thanks to their father.
4) Those who read the critical article by N. A. Dobrolyubov are familiar with the assessment of the critic of the “dark kingdom”.
30. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Chekhov believed that the coming true culture would ennoble mankind.
2) One of the main features characteristic of Natasha Rostova is honesty in relations with people.
3) In the Russian language lessons, insufficient attention is paid to the study of the norms of the literary language.
4) In the journal "Ethnographic Review" D.N. Ushakov published a number of articles about the beliefs and customs of Russian peasants.
31. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) According to the rules, introductory words are separated by commas in the letter.
2) The inhabitants of this area paid Special attention development of horticulture.
3) Due to the complexity of the route, it was decided not to include small children in the tourist group.
4) The international community understands and is concerned about the problems of the economies of developing countries.
32. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Tsiolkovsky wrote that the main goal of his life is to move humanity forward at least a little.
2) A special commission on urban planning has been created in the city, which is entrusted with coordinating the work of all construction companies.
3) At the end industrial practice Each student must write a progress report.
4) Happy are those who in their lives approach the ideal that was formed in youth.
33. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Due to the long absence of the boat, which went out with a special mission during the storm, an aircraft was sent to search for the ship.
2) Those who work enthusiastically in any field of knowledge are drawn to innovation.
3) Leaving on a business trip, the father promised that he would definitely return by the holidays.
4) Soon the house will be occupied, which has grown before our eyes in a few months and which was accepted by the commission.
34. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Like many other works by Surikov, the painting "Boyar Morozova" was created by the artist over a number of years.
2) In autumn, ears of wheat, heavy from ripened grains, are waiting for the hour when combines appear in the field.
3) Those who could not understand and appreciate Pushkin's innovation constantly accused him of being a common people.
4) Pushkin challenges society, saying that "in my cruel age I glorified freedom."
35. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Favorable conditions have been created not only for the publication scientific works and also to put them into practice.
2) M. Gorky repeatedly said that labor is the basis of culture.
3) Contrary to analysts' forecasts, this year the airline managed to maintain the volume of traffic at the same level.
4) Those who have never been to the top of the Ivan the Great Bell Tower, who have never admired the majestic panorama of the capital, have no idea about Moscow.
36. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) No one, even the best specialists, could at first make a correct diagnosis.
2) I read this work by Vasil Bykov in the summer, dedicated to the Great Patriotic War.
3) The ancient Greek philosopher Socrates once said that "he knows that he knows nothing."
4) Those who, with the help of facts, can prove the correctness of their own decision, should not put up with the incompetence of others.
37. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Those who think that good manners exist apart from real life are mistaken.
2) There are three main groups of human qualities, thanks to which you can increase the level of personal charm: sociability, reflection, eloquence.
3) Linguist F.I. Buslaev often said that he was convinced of the need for thorough teaching of the native language.
4) F.M. Dostoevsky wrote that the hallmark of the Russian national character is a sense of justice.
38. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
2) Of all those who played in the play, Andrey Mironov made a special impression on me.
3) One of the miracles on the Kuril ridge, attracting tourists from all over the world, is connected with volcanoes.
4) Upon graduation, our graduates can count on employment in specialized companies.
39. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Many readers of journals are primarily interested in theoretical articles by economists and sociologists who pose problematic issues in their publications.
2) Thanks to synonyms, the same meaning can be expressed in different ways.
3) Yu. Olesha, in one of his letters, talked about what is the most beautiful thing he saw on earth.
4) Everyone who has studied the process of language development knows about various historical changes at the level of phonetics and grammar.
40. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Environmentalists have repeatedly noted that the problem of forest protection is especially important today.
2) Everyone who loves poetry knows Fet as a subtle lyricist, a singer of art, love and nature.
3) About The Cherry Orchard, Chekhov wrote that he did not come out with a drama, but a comedy.
4) The participant in the discussion supported his conclusions with convincing facts.
41. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) In the poem "The Wisdom of the Language" Boris Slutsky recalls the history of the creation of the word "pilot".
2) The girl who was sitting by the window and who sang well was remembered by everyone.
3) Thanks to diligence and ingenuity, the applicant managed to cope with a difficult task.
4) Alekhin, entering the living room, exclaimed that he was very glad to see us all.
42. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Meadows spread all around, fragrant with the aromas of flowers and herbs.
2) Everyone who saw the sea on moonlit southern evenings often remembers it.
3) The officer demanded from the stationmaster that he needed horses.
4) The development of our industry for a long time proceeded along the line of amalgamation of enterprises.
43. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Due to heavy rains, the water in the river kept coming.
3) Fyodor Abramov recalled how, upon arrival in Moscow, all the worst that late autumn fraught with fell upon him.
4) Those of the linguists who were engaged in the study of language fiction, do not doubt the special role of the verb in both poetic and prose texts.
44. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm ).
1) Thanks to the work of restorers, we can admire the frescoes of the Ferapontov Monastery.
2) Many of those who have been to Mikhailovsky Park were amazed at the size of the old estate trees.
3) The taxi driver told the newly entered passengers that they would pay the fare.
4) When you look at the monument to Lermontov, one gets the impression that the poet looks around his beloved city and recalls the happy moments of his life.
45. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) The pilot acted in accordance with the instructions received from the chief air traffic controller.
2) All the students who came to the optional lesson understood the difficult topic.
3) M. Gorky ironically remarked that "a person will eventually grunt if he is told all the time that he is a pig."
4) The main thing that needs to be paid attention to is the artistic side of the works.
46. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Paustovsky's story "Squeaky Floorboards" speaks of the role of Russian nature in the life and work of the great composer P.I. Tchaikovsky.
2) Among the houses built on this street, there were several multi-storey ones.
3) The problems of the economy and business were the focus of the host of the TV show "Business Moscow".
4) Those who do not study a foreign language are deprived of the opportunity to read the masterpieces of world literature in the original.
47. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) None of those who played on the school basketball team became a professional athlete.
2) Forest glades are covered with bright stars of wild strawberries, which bloom profusely this year.
3) The sisters were fond of and well versed in modern music.
4) Many interesting articles are printed in "Rovesnik".
48. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Thanks to an article in the newspaper, we learned about the resumption of the tourist boat route to the Northern Islands.
2) Kem is one of the oldest cities in Russia located on the White Sea.
3) All those who wrote an “excellent” review gave a deep analysis of the work and substantiated their point of view.
4) Paustovsky's story "Squeaky Floorboards" talks about the role of Russian nature in the life and work of the great composer Tchaikovsky.
49. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Both city economic and medical services are guided by the predictions of meteorologists.
2) Most of the books that tell about the life of reptiles are published in our country.
3) Among the scientific works of F.I. Buslaev, first of all, his book "Historical Grammar of the Russian Language" should be mentioned.
4) Everyone who knew the great writer noted his modesty and adherence to principles.
50. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Thanks to his resourcefulness, Alexey emerged from the verbal duel as an absolute winner.
2) The forward player who scored two goals was a pupil of a well-known coach.
3) Having lingered at the door, the sister waved her hand again and said that she would be glad to see us all on Sunday at her dacha.
4) Those who have admired the sunset at least once have no doubt that this is one of the most beautiful sights.
51. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) The world of animals studied by zoology and some other sciences is very diverse.
Tasks A5 in Russian
1. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Thanks to the increase in the level of service in branded stores, more customers have become.
2) Moidodyr, written by Korney Chukovsky and published in The 20s of the twentieth century, became one of the most beloved works of children.
3) M. Gorky in one of his articles notes that poets before Pushkin did not know the people at all, were not interested in their fate, rarely wrote about them.
4) Those who have been striving for a dream since childhood often realize their life plans.
2. Point out the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) All those who came to the match were satisfied with the game of our team.
2) Blok's poem "The Twelve" presents a complex system of images.
3) Thanks to the fine arts associated with the Decembrist movement, our contemporaries can expand their knowledge of this historical era.
4) Music embodies the most complex feelings in a special form and can convey them.
3. Point out the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) The winter session of students was held according to the schedule.
2) The teacher pointed out that there were a number of errors in the work.
3) This report reflects the problems that concern the geneticists of the world.
4) Students received not only dictionaries, but also workbooks.
4. Point out the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) Those who have been around for the past few years have come to me.
2) For the first time I listened to the opera "Khovanshchina" with my parents.
3) The patient came and was treated by this doctor.
4) Newton was one of the first scientists who discovered the laws of the surrounding world.
5. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) The painting by I. I. Firsov “Young painter” depicts the artist’s home workshop.
2) Among the houses built on this street, there were several high-rise buildings.
3) Not only abilities, but also diligence will help to achieve success in work.
4) Everyone who starts learning a foreign language early, masters it perfectly. Answer: 4
6. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Both city economic and medical services are guided by the predictions of meteorologists.
2) Most of the books that tell about the life of reptiles have been published in our country.
3) The problems of the economy and business were in the focus of attention of the host of the TV show "Business Moscow".
4) Those who do not study a foreign language are deprived of the opportunity to read the masterpieces of world literature in the original.
7. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
2) Everyone who wrote about Russian nature noted its poetry and picturesqueness.
3) In the picture of the artist Bogatov "Neighbours" the luxurious interior of the room is striking.
4) None of the passers-by, hurrying to the fair, paid any attention to the carts with household utensils standing aside.
8. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) There were three dozen houses in the village of Olkhovka.
2) Children rarely listen and follow the advice of their elders.
3) Of all those who played in the play, I remember only Mikhail Tsarev.
4) Participants of the first Victory Parade, who arrived in Moscow, were presented with memorable gifts.
9. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) One of the independent types of art that has existed since the end of the 15th century is graphics.
2) Everyone who loves Russian culture knows the names of great poets and writers - Pushkin, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy.
3) Upon arrival from St. Petersburg, Gogol settled in the Aksakovs' house (now on Suvorovsky Boulevard).
4) V.P. Astafiev wrote about his attitude to classical music in the essay “Postscript”.
10. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) My parents keep and often reread"Roman-newspaper".
2) We paid for our purchases and left the department store.
3) Students gladly helped archaeologists who came from St. Petersburg.
4) We have been subscribing to the journal "Priroda" for a long time.
11. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error.
1) Against the wishes of the patient, he was admitted to the hospital.
2) You have to pay for the subway fare.
3) The lesson-lecture was held for the first time in our class.
4) Dressing gown washed and put away in the closet.
12. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) The animal world studied by zoology and some other sciences is of great diversity.
2) Those who persistently strive to achieve their goal are worthy of respect.
3) The weather was clear, contrary to the forecast.
4) V. M. Vasnetsov grew up in a northern village, fenced off by centuries-old forests from big cities and preserving ancient customs and rituals, beliefs and legends.
13. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) The painting by A. P. Losenko “Farewell of Hector to Andromache” was close and understandable to the artist’s contemporaries.
2) Those who persevere in pursuit of their goal are worthy of respect.
3) Registration of the participants of the symposium was carried out immediately upon their arrival.
4) Each spring, the kiwi lays one (rarely two) a greenish-white egg in a nest, which looks like a flat platform, arranged among the roots, or in a dense bush, or in a dug mink.
14. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
2) At the end of the 18th century, science became aware of the existence of an unusual mammal that lays eggs and incubates them: it was a platypus.
3) The brave caretaker, risking his life, rushed across the galloping horse.
4) Those who do not back down in the face of difficulties will always be an example for the younger generation.
15. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky wrote that the highest and most characteristic feature of the Russian people is a sense of justice.
2) The teacher reminded that abstracts must be submitted no later than March.
3) A.P. Chekhov recalled that he and his sisters knew French, German and English thanks to their father.
4) Those who read the critical article by N. A. Dobrolyubov are familiar with the assessment of the critic of the “dark kingdom”.
16. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Tsiolkovsky wrote that the main goal of his life was to move humanity forward at least a little.
2) The city has created a special commission on urban planning, which is entrusted with coordinating the work of all construction companies.
3) At the end of the production practice, each student must write a report on the work done.
4) Happy are those who in their lives approach the ideal that was formed in youth.
17. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Like many other works by Surikov, the painting "Boyar Morozova" was created by the artist over a number of years.
2) In autumn, ears of wheat, heavy from ripened grains, are waiting for the hour when combines appear in the field.
3) Those who could not understand and appreciate Pushkin's innovation constantly accused him of being a common people.
4) Pushkin challenges society, saying that "in my cruel age I glorified freedom."
18. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Those who think that good manners exist apart from real life are mistaken.
2) There are three main groups of human qualities, thanks to which you can increase the level of personal charm: sociability, reflection, eloquence.
3) Linguist F.I. Buslaev often said that he was convinced of the need for thorough teaching of the native language.
4) F.M. Dostoevsky wrote that the hallmark of the Russian national character is a sense of justice.
19. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Ecologists have repeatedly noted that the problem of forest protection is especially important today.
2) Everyone who loves poetry knows Fet as a subtle lyricist, a singer of art, love and nature.
3) About The Cherry Orchard, Chekhov wrote that he did not come out with a drama, but with a comedy.
4) The participant of the discussion supported his conclusions with convincing facts.
20. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Meadows spread all around, fragrant with the aromas of flowers and herbs.
2) Everyone who has seen the sea on moonlit southern evenings often remembers it.
3) The officer demanded from the stationmaster that he needed horses.
4) For a long time the development of our industry proceeded along the line of amalgamation of enterprises.
Consider how task A5 is presented in the 2013 demo:
A5. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) Thanks to the increase in the level of service in company stores, it becamemore buyers.
2) Moidodyr, written by Korney Chukovsky and published in
The 20s of the twentieth century, became one of the most beloved works of children.
3) M. Gorky in one of his articles notes that poets before Pushkindid not know the people at all, were not interested in their fate, rarely wrote about him.
4)
Those who have been striving for a dream since childhood often realize their life plans.
To prepare the material for this task, the collection "OPTIMAL BANK OF TASKS FOR PREPARING STUDENTS" was used. Unified state exam 2012. RUSSIAN LANGUAGE. Steps to prepare for a successful exam. Tasks and algorithms for their implementation. Authors: S.V. Drabkina, D.I. Subbotin. Moscow. "Intelligence-Center", 2012.
Task Formulation:indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
1) A police patrol drove out towards a convoy of cars carrying food.
2) All twenty students who wrote the mock exam showed successful results.
3) Immediately upon arrival in the capital, the famous athlete met with journalists.
4) After graduating from college, he received the rank of lieutenant.
Correct answer: 3 (error "on arrival", correct: "on arrival").
The ability to find and correct grammatical errors when constructing sentences allows students not only to give the correct answer to task A5, but also to avoid such errors when writing an essay for the exam.
What is required from students: find errors in the construction of sentences
1) with homogeneous members;
2) with participle turnovers;
3) with proper names enclosed in quotation marks and being the names of a newspaper, magazine, book, picture, film;
4) with derivative prepositions “on completion”, “on arrival”, “on completion”, “on arrival”;
5) with double alliances "not only but…"; "like...and so...";
6) using quotes;
7) starting with the words: .
What students need to know in order to complete the task correctly: typical grammatical errors.
Quite often, at the exam in the Russian language, there are examples in which the following grammatical errors were made:
1. Wrong construction of sentences with homogeneous members:
BUT) And participial turnover and attributive clause, beginning with the words WHICH, WHICH, WHICH, WHICH:
The girl who was sitting by the window and who sang well was remembered by the guests.
They cannot act as homogeneous participial turnover and subordinate clause. Union And must connect the same grammatical constructions: either two participial phrases, or two subordinate attributive clauses. Therefore, the following options for constructing this sentence will be correct: 1) The girl who sat by the window and sang well was remembered by the guests. 2) The girl who was sitting by the window and who sang well was remembered by the guests.
Remember: And.
people addicted tourism and who wish to see these amazing places with your own eyes, the author offers many exciting routes.
B)It is impossible to combine in one sentence with the help of a union And object expressed by a noun, and a subordinate clause: Economists are talking about lower inflation and that there will be no more wage arrears.
They cannot act as an object expressed by a noun, and a subordinate clause. Union And must connect the same grammatical constructions: either two objects or two subordinate clauses. Therefore, the following options for constructing this sentence will be correct: 1) Economists talk about a decrease in inflation and about the absence of wage arrears. 2) Economists say that a decrease in inflation is expected and that there will be no more delays in wages.
Remember:only syntactic constructions of the same type can be homogeneous and be joined by a union And.
Incorrect from a grammatical point of view are sentences such as:
In my essay I want to tell about the meaning of sport and why i love him.
The book tells how to keep fish and about device aquarium.
AT)It is impossible to combine a noun and an infinitive as homogeneous members in one sentence: I love music and ice skating.
Remember:only syntactic constructions of the same type can be homogeneous and be joined by a union And. Therefore, the following variant of the construction of this sentence would be correct: I love listening to music and skating.
G)It is impossible to combine in one sentence with the help of a union And predicates, if the noun following them is grammatically connected with only one of them (it is unacceptable that different case questions are asked from verb-predicates to a common dependent word):
In this sentence, the predicates “explores” and “argues” have the same dependent word “about nature”, however, from the first predicate, the question WHAT ? is asked to him, and from the second - ABOUT WHAT? Such a construction of a sentence is unacceptable, since the general, dependent on homogeneous members the word must answer the same question. Therefore, the correct options for constructing this sentence would be the following:
In sentences in which the predicates have the same dependent word with them and are connected by a union And, from each of the predicates the same question should be asked to the common dependent word.
Incorrect from a grammatical point of view are sentences such as:
Transmission listeners expected (WHAT?) and hoped (WHAT?) to meet with a famous TV presenter.
Every day I watered (WHAT?) and admired (WHAT?) this flower.
D)It is unacceptable that parts of double alliances "not only but…"; "like...and so..." connected different concepts (parts of a double union should be connected only by homogeneous members expressed in words of the same part of speech and answering the same question):
Created on the theme of war not only films, but also staged wonderful performances.
double alliance "not only but…" must connect homogeneous parts of the sentence. In this case, this does not happen: parts of the double union connect the noun "movies" and short passive participle "set", which are not homogeneous members due to the fact that they belong to different parts of speech and answer different questions. Therefore, such a construction of the proposal is unacceptable. Correctly say like this:
On the subject of war not only created motion pictures , but also set wonderful performances.
Incorrect from the point of view of grammar is also such a construction of a sentence with a double union "like...and so...":
For us how interesting image of Raskolnikov, so is the image Sonya Marmeladova.
Parts of the double alliance will unite short name adjective "interesting" and noun "image", which are not homogeneous due to the fact that they belong to different parts of speech and answer different questions. Therefore, such a construction of the proposal is unacceptable. Correctly say like this:
We are interested like an image Raskolnikov, so is the image Sonya Marmeladova.
E)Homogeneous members following the generalizing word must be in the same case as the generalizing word:
In this sentence, the general word "soul qualities" stands in the form T.p., and all homogeneous members " justice, nobility, simplicity"- in the form Im.p. Therefore, this sentence is constructed incorrectly. Correct is the following option:
Yo)When listing homogeneous members, it is impossible to omit different prepositions:
Crowds of people were everywhere: in the streets, squares, squares.
Before the words "squares" need to add suggestion "in" , because this word is not used with a preposition "on the" . Correct option:
Crowds of people were everywhere: in the streets, squares, squares.
When listing homogeneous members, you can omit the same prepositions; different prepositions cannot be omitted. The following sentence is also incorrect from a grammatical point of view:
Travel agencies today offer you to visit Greece, Spain, Finland and Cyprus.
2. Misuse participial revolutions:
BUT)You cannot place the word being defined inside the participle turnover (the participial turnover must completely stand before or after the word being defined and should not be torn apart by it):
Arrived delegates must register for the convention.
Defined word "delegates" breaks the participle turnover, it can only stand before it or after it.
The following sentences are grammatically incorrect:
The narrow path was covered falling snow underfoot.
I was instructed to destroy a sniper in a tree.
B)It is impossible for the participle and the defined word to be used in a different gender, number and case:
One of the wonders on the Kuril ridge, attracting tourists, associated with geysers and volcanoes.
In this sentence, the participial phrase refers to the combination "one of miracles" and must agree with the main word in this phrase ("one") in gender, number and case. Therefore, the participial phrase should look like this: "one of the wonders of the world"(WHICH?) "attracting her tourists". The correct version of this sentence is: One of the wonders on the Kuril ridge, attracting tourists, associated with geysers and volcanoes.
Do not forget:the participle and the word being defined must agree in gender, number and case, which is checked on the question that is asked from the word being defined to the participle.
The following sentence is grammatically incorrect:
Some from travelers, former in the tributaries of the Amazon River, a plant with huge floating leaves has been described.
AT)You cannot use a participial phrase in a sentence after a noun that is not a definable word for this participial phrase:
The forest stretches from north to south, consisting mainly of coniferous trees.
In this sentence, the participial phrase comes after the noun. "south", which is not definitive for him. Participle turnover characterizes the word "forest" and must be consumed afterwards. Hence, correct is the following sentence structure:
The forest, consisting mainly of coniferous trees, stretches from north to south.
3. Incorrect use in a sentence proper names , enclosed in quotation marks and representing the names of literary works, newspapers, magazines, paintings, films, television programs, etc. :
BUT)It is impossible to use in any case, except for the nominative, the names of literary works, newspapers, magazines, paintings, films, television shows, if they are preceded by a generic concept - a common noun - "novel", "story", "poem", "picture", "magazine", "newspaper", "TV show", etc.
Wrong option : AT magazine "New World"
Correct option : AT magazine "New World" published a review of a new novel.
Wrong option : In an ode Pushkin "Liberties" the theme of freedom is brought up.
Correct option : In an ode Pushkin "Liberty" the theme of freedom is brought up.
Wrong option : Many readers know the writer Troepolsky by his book "White Bim Black Ear".
Correct option : Many readers know the writer Troepolsky by his book "White Bim Black Ear".
B)The name, enclosed in quotation marks and given WITHOUT a generic word (“novel”, “story”, “poem”, “picture”, “magazine”, “newspaper”, “telecast”, etc.), changes by cases:
AT "War and Peace" over five hundred works.
Wrongin terms of grammar, the sentences are:
Journal "Nature" we have been posting for many years.
AT
trade complex "Jubilee" opened a new section of electrical goods.
4. Wrong construction of sentences with derivative prepositions "thanks to", "according to", "despite" and the non-derivative preposition "by" used in turns of speech “on completion”, “on arrival”, “on completion”, “on arrival”.
BUT)After prepositions "thanks to", "according to", "despite" nouns are used only in the form dative case(WHAT?) and in no other:
Wrong Options :
True success can only be achieved through hard work, perseverance and deep human knowledge. According to established in the Navy traditions despite established rules not in summer, but in winter.
Correct construction these proposals:
Real success can only be achieved through (WHAT?) work, perseverance and profound human knowledge. According to (WHAT?) established in the Navy traditions, crossing the equator is considered a significant event. It was decided to work on the strait, despite(WHAT?) established rules not in summer, but in winter.
Remember:pretext thanks to It is used only when it comes to the reasons that caused a positive result. Therefore, turnovers with this preposition in combination with something negative should be considered incorrect: People were injured in the train crash.
B) non-derivative preposition "ON" in meaning "after something" used with a noun only in the prepositional form.
:
Upon arrival
On arrival
Finishing
correctbuilding these sentences:
On arrival (= after arrival) in the city he felt bad.
Upon arrival (= after arrival) I immediately visited old friends in Venice.
Upon completion (= after completion) construction workers left the facility in perfect order.
5. Incorrect construction of sentences when quoting.
It is unacceptable that when using quotations as subordinate explanatory clauses, they use the personal pronoun "I":
In my memories Korolenko wrote that always " I
Rightversion of this proposal:
In my memories Korolenko wrote that always " is he I saw true intelligence in Chekhov's face.
6. Incorrect construction of complex sentences , beginning with words “all who…”, “those who…”, “none of those who…”.
In complex sentences built according to the model “all who…”, “those who…”, “none of those who…”, subject "who" the verb-predicate is put in the singular, and when "those", "all" - in the plural.
Ill-formed sentences :
Those who has been to Kizhi, saw
All, who have been
In the first sentence, the subject "those" requires a verb-predicate in the form plural "saw" . In the second example, the subject "who" must be used with a verb-predicate in the form singular "been" .
Therefore, the correct options for constructing these sentences are as follows:
Those who has been to Kizhi, saw how a stone ridge stretches along the entire lake, like the backbone of a giant animal.
All, who has been on the White Sea, they know that in February the hunting begins there.
Remember: those (all) + verb-predicate in plural;
who + verb-predicate in the singular.
Let's give more examples grammatically incorrect sentences:
Those, who didn't know the words of the song, silently opened their mouths.
those who were older, offered chairs.
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Quite often in USE tests task A5 there are sentences in which grammatical errors are made in the case form of a noun or pronoun standing after the verb (mistakes in management).
Verb, the choice of the correct case form of the noun after which you need to remember |
Asked question from this verb to noun |
The correct case form of the noun after this verb |
PAY |