Recently, a text by the author Viktor Mekhov appeared, which claims that China has three times less people than is commonly believed. About Chinese statistics, smart people have long joked that "Chinese statistics should have been one of the sports in the Beijing Olympics." She cannot be trusted in any way. However, like the Russian one.
The statistics on the Chinese population are very interesting. The monograph "The Historical Macrodynamics of China" gives the following figures: in 1845, 430 million people lived in China, in 1870 - 350, in 1890 - 380, in 1920 - 430, in 1940 - 430, in 1945 - 490 Let's close our eyes to the first figure of 430 million. It is not known who and how received it. But, even if it is more or less accurate (at least within + -10%), it turns out that the population in China either decreased by 80 million over 25 years, then grew by 50 million over 30 years, then did not change at all for 20 years. Let's say it's possible to multiply by 13% in 30 years. There were definitely no condoms in China in the 19th century, and there were no pensions either. Parents in old age could only be fed by children. Therefore, the more of them, the better. But then how to explain the growth of 200% (three times) over the period, only twice as much (in 70 years)? At the same time, for twenty years out of these seventy, China pursued a policy of birth control (one family - one child). Plus famine during the extermination of sparrows. Plus war.
Is it possible to at least approximately estimate the number of people in a particular country without head counts? Can. In theory. It is possible to compare the population density in the country under study with a country with more adequate statistics. It is possible to compare the number of urban dwellers in the country under study and the declared share of the urban population in that country with similar figures in a country with more adequate statistics. You can compare the consumption of cereals in the country under study with a figure of 1 ton per year per person. It is believed that 1 ton of grain is required for a normal life. Not the whole ton goes to bread and cakes. Part goes to the reproduction of the next year's harvest, part - to feed livestock, part - to stocks, part - is lost. These will all be, of course, indirect indicators. But it's better than nothing.
So, based on such indirect indicators, no more than 500 million people currently live in China. Similar story with India. According to indirect indicators, no more than 250 million people live there.
What am I getting at? At the very beginning, I said that Chinese statistics cannot be trusted in the same way as Russian ones. Russian statistics claim that in the Russian Federation at the beginning of 2017 there were 146.8 million permanent residents.
Can this number be trusted? Take a look around. Look at those families whose adult members are now in the range of 40-50 years. They often don't have children at all. Or just one child. Two or three is the exception to the rule.
But there are very few such families. These families are the legacy of the second world war. As it has now been almost officially announced (at the parliamentary hearings “Patriotic Education of Citizens of Russia: “Immortal Regiment” in the State Duma on February 14, 2017, the report “Documentary Basis for the People’s Project“ Establishing the Fates of the Missing Defenders of the Fatherland”) was announced, irretrievable losses of the population of the USSR as a result of the action of war factors amounted to almost 42 million people. Of this number, soldiers and officers - more than 19 million people. Therefore, approximately every 25 years, a demographic hole sets in in our country. The first hole happened in 1941-1945. The second hole - in 1967-1970. The third hole - in 1993-1998. The fourth pit will begin around 2020.
A monstrous economic crisis was superimposed on the demographic hole of the early 90s, comparable in scale to either the Great Depression of the early 30s of the last century, or the Second World War. Which also left its negative imprint on fertility and mortality.
When we try to understand how many of us are left in the country, we must not forget about mass emigration. It has been going on for the last 25 years, either increasing or decreasing. In the 1990s, it was explained by purely economic reasons. With the beginning of Putin's third term, economic reasons were superimposed by ideological ones. The most active, the smartest, the most enterprising did not see themselves in the same country with this person. Emigration after 2011 has increased significantly. Sometimes she exceeded civil war that happened immediately after the Bolshevik coup of 1917.
And now, after these introductory figures, they are trying to convince us that from 148.7 million people in 1992 we decreased to only 142 million people in 2008, after which the restoration of our numbers began? Do the stats take us all for idiots?
In 2011, the following information appeared on the Internet: according to the Central Analytical Center of the Civil Registry Office, as of June 1, 2010, in the Russian Federation, according to documents, only 89,654,325 people are registered, and not 142,000,000, as officially stated in the population census. Of course, it is not possible to check it.
But we can see how much grain crops are harvested in our country. Between 2000 and 2014, Russia collected from 60.9 million tons (in 2010) to 108.2 million tons (in 2008). On average, over these fifteen years, 83.1 million tons are produced. If we divide the resulting figure by 1 ton of grain required for a normal human life, we get 83 million people. This figure is remarkably similar to the figure of 89.6 million people walking around the Internet.
You can indirectly estimate the population of the Russian Federation in another way. According to Rosstat, urban population at the beginning of 2017 is 74%. There is a site on the Internet anaga.ru/goroda.htm, which lists all 1,127 Russian cities by name, and indicates the population in each of them. It is not clear, however, on what date these figures are given. But a comparison of these figures from other sources convinces of the adequacy of the figures indicated on the site. So, in total, 99.3 million people live in Russian cities. And now we take Rosstat's 74%, and we get the total population in the Russian Federation - 134.2 million people. This is if Rosstat does not exaggerate the number of rural residents. Judging by the speed of “closing schools in the countryside”, the Rosstat figure may turn out to be as far from the real state of affairs as all its other figures. But, if he still doesn’t lie, then this is much more than we received, based on the grain harvest. And this is much more than according to registry offices. But there is much less data from Rosstat, which claims that, at the beginning of 2017, there were 146.8 million permanent residents in the country.
Which of the resulting figures is closer to the truth? And the devil knows, comrade commander. But definitely less than official Russian statistics broadcast. They cannot be trusted in any way.
http://krizis-kopilka.ru/archives/39517
Original taken from yalta_kpss in REAL POPULATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
THE REAL NUMBER OF THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION OF RUSSIA
There are various demographic data published by the authorities, from which one can independently and very accurately calculate the real situation with the number of Russian citizens.
At the time of the collapse of the USSR, 142 million people lived in Russia (this is official Soviet data). Since then, about 35 million have fled the country irretrievably (this is official data), and the flight continues, the rest quickly died out (previously from 1992, 800 thousand a year) and continue to die out (in 2010 it was already 1.1 million per year, by 2016 it is expected to increase to 1.6 million per year due to the death of a large post-war generation).
According to the Central Analytical Center of the Russian Federation, as of June 1, 2010, 89,654,325 people (Russian citizens) were registered as alive according to the documents in the registry office. Every quarter, the government records the reports of the Central Analytical Center, but the numbers are actually published completely different.
Now let's count.
142 million (in 1991) - 35 million (emigrants) = 107 million people
107 million people - there would be so many Russians now if the people did not die out, but only fled abroad. But the people were dying out at an average rate of about 900 thousand per year over these years (slower in the 1990s, then in the 2000s with acceleration).
Multiplying the average annual decline of 900,000 per year by 19 years (1992-2010), we get about 17 million people in population decline due to, as our leaders now say, the "natural" decline in the Russian population. (Although, in order to call the extinction of an entire people "natural", one must be distinguished by a particularly rare cynicism.)
Let us subtract 17 million “naturally reduced” from the previously received 107 million people and get 90 million people, which coincides with high accuracy with the number of living Russian citizens given by the Central Analytical Center of 89,654,325 as of June 1, 2010.
Thus, our calculations are quite consistent with the reality, which is constantly kept by the registry offices with an accuracy of one person.
So, the real number of indigenous people in Russia in the middle of 2010 did not exceed 90 million people.
Table 1.Population and territory of Moscow according to all-Russian and city censuses
|
Territory, km 2 |
Population, thousand people |
Density (person per 1 km 2) |
|
Note: Population figures are given as of the census date, except for 1931 and 2012. (as of January 1st). Until 1979 inclusive - the actual population, then - permanent;
* - territory and population with suburbs, for 1959-1989 - the territory and population subordinated to the City Council of Moscow.
Source: compiled by the authors according to: All-Union census of the population of 1926. T. 36. M., 1930; All-Union population census of 1939: main results / Ed. Yu.A. Polyakov. M., 1992; Moscow during the years of reforms (1992-1996); Brief stat. directory. M., 1997; Moscow in figures 1917-1977. M., 1977; Moscow in figures for the years of Soviet power 1917-1967. M., 1967; Moscow in numbers: from the beginning of the century to the present day. M., 1997; First General Census Russian Empire 1897 / Ed. ON THE. Troinitsky. T. XXIV: Moscow Province. St. Petersburg, 1905; Census of Moscow in 1882. Issue. 3.: Population and occupations. M., 1885; Census of Moscow in 1902. M., 1904; Statistical information about the inhabitants of Moscow according to the census on December 12, 1871. M., 1874; Statistical atlas of the city of Moscow. Territory, composition of the population, literacy and occupations. M., 1911; Statistical atlas of the city of Moscow and Moscow province. Issue. 1.: Population. M., 1924; Statistical reference book of Moscow and Moscow province 1927. M., 1928; The population of the USSR according to the census as of January 15, 1959, by republics, territories, regions, national districts, districts, cities, urban-type settlements, regional centers and large rural settlements (by administrative-territorial division as of January 1, 1960). M., 1960; All-Russian population census of 2002: site. URL: http://www.perepis2002.ru/index.litml?id=11 (date of access: 03/01/2012); All-Russian population census 2010: website. URL: http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_tlie_census/results-inforrn.plip (date of access: 03/12/2012); Agreement on changing the border between subjects Russian Federation, the city of Moscow and the Moscow region. Approved resolutions of the Moscow City Duma dated December 7, 2011 N 372 and the Moscow Regional Duma dated December 7, 2011 N 1 / 177-P. Concluded on November 29, 2011 // ConsultantPlus [Electronic resource]. M., 1992. Access mode: local. Date of update: 12/23/2012.
Industrialization 1920-1930s contributed to the further expansion of the territory of Moscow. To the beginning of the Great Patriotic War the city included the districts of Alekseevskoye, Marfino, Vorobyovy Gory, Petrovsko-Razumovskoye, Kozhukhovo, Fili, Gray-Voronovo, Upper and Lower Kotly, Shelepikha, Karamyshevo, Serebryany Bor, Izmailovo, etc. In the 1950s. Moscow included Vnukovo, Nekrasovka, the villages of Ramenki, Cheryomushki, Upper Mnevniki, Khoroshevo, Pokrovskoye-Glebovo.
The most significant administrative and territorial transformations of the capital were carried out in 1960, when all settlements(cities, rural settlements, workers and holiday villages) located on the territory limited by the Moscow Ring Road (MKAD) - Babushkin, Kuntsevo, Perovo, Tushino, rural settlements of Beskudnikovo, Biryulyovo, Golovino, Krylatskoye , Medvedkovo, Saburovo, Nagatino, etc. As a result of the expansion of the city's border, its area has more than doubled, and the population growth has amounted to more than 1 million people. In 1963 the city of Zelenograd was transferred to the Leningrad District Council of Moscow, and in 1968 it became a new district of the city.
In 1983-1984 the territory of Moscow increased due to the annexation of some areas located outside the Moscow Ring Road - Solntsevo, Butovo, Mitino, Zhulebino, etc. The area of \u200b\u200bMoscow increased by 193 km 2, and the population - by 117 thousand people.
As a result of administrative-territorial transformations from 1871 to 2010. the area of Moscow increased by 998 km 2, and the population - by more than 1.2 million people.
On July 1, 2012, a law came into force defining new borders between Moscow and the Moscow Region (the territories of the Moscow Region, located between the Varshavskoye Highway, the Great Ring of the Moscow Railway and the Kievskoye Highway, were annexed to Moscow). The city included 1440 km 2 of territories, where about 250 thousand people live. Thus, the area of the city was more than 2500 km 2, and the population - more than 11.6 million people.
The upward trend in Moscow's population density (Table 1) was interrupted during periods of expansion of the city's territory and during the war years. The highest population density was recorded in 1959 (more than 13 thousand people per km 2). It was also high in 1939, but World War II prevented the implementation of measures to expand Moscow, provided for by the City Reconstruction Plan of 1935.
Regularly conducted population censuses and a high-quality system of registration of natural movement in the city make it possible to accurately estimate the migration increase using the demographic balance method.
Statistics on births and deaths in the capital from 1878 to 2011 show the contribution of natural movement to Moscow's population growth (Fig. 1).
Figure 1. Born and deceased in Moscow from 1878 to 2010 (thousand people)
Source: authors' calculations according to the data: Moscow Statistical Yearbook 2010. Moscow Economy in 1992 - 2009. M., 2010; Information about the natural movement of the population // TsAGM. F. 126. Op. 13. D. 59, 159, 162, 165, 173, 189, 220, 366, 387, 397; RGAE. F. 1562. Op. 20. D. 500, 577.
Sharp fluctuations in the numbers of births and deaths are due to severe military and socio-political crises. The steady increase in the number of deaths, which began around 1960, reflects the growing process of demographic aging against the backdrop of negative trends in mortality. In total, in Moscow from 1900 to 2010, 8.3 million people were born, 7.7 million people died. The natural increase was only 0.6 million people.
The construction of the demographic balance by the authors of the article was carried out for the intercensal periods (1897-1913, 1914-1926, 1939-1949 and 1950-1958), with the exception of 1914 - the beginning of the First World War, and 1950 - the period of post-war restoration of life. In balance calculations, the population of the city was taken within the appropriate limits as of January 1 of the year that opens the period under study. An assessment of another component of the change in the city's population - administrative-territorial transformations (ATR) - was carried out (in the absence of current administrative estimates) based on the data of previous censuses.
Table 2.Demographic balance of Moscow from 1897 to 2010 (thousand people)
|
Period |
natural increase |
Migration growth |
|
|
Total for 1897-2010 |
* Including those who did not return from the front.
The calculation results presented in Table. 2 show that migration made a decisive contribution to the growth of the population of Moscow in comparison with the natural movement and ATP of the city borders (with the exception of the period 1959 - 1969, when new territories with a million inhabitants were annexed to Moscow). The most powerful migration influx was noted in the 30s. and in the 90s. XX century. In the 1930s Moscow has become one of the largest industrial centers not only of the country, but also of the world. At the end of the XX century. Migration dynamics were strongly affected by the consequences of the collapse of the USSR and the abolition of the propiska institution. Since the late 1980s Migration ensures not only the growth of the city's population, but also compensates for a significant natural decline in the population. According to balance estimates, the migration gain of Moscow from 1897 to 2010 amounted to 8.6 million people.
According to current statistics, from 1928 to 2010, 20.8 million arrivals and 14.8 million departures were registered in Moscow, the migration gain was 6.0 million people (Fig. 2).
Figure 2. Migration flows according to current records
Source: authors' calculations based on data: Information about the migratory movement of the population // TsAGM. F. 126. Op. 13. D. 65, 122, 163, 167, 175, 191, 205, 222, 237, 254, 268, 287, 301, 319, 338, 352, 374, 381, 391, ... 819; RGAE. F. 1562. Op. 20. D. 57, 117, 145, 175, 176. Op. 44. D. 2671.
Comparison of estimates of migration growth obtained by the demographic balance method and according to current accounting data makes it possible to assess the quality of the latter. Completeness of accounting mechanical movement was defined as the ratio of the difference between the estimate of the migration increase according to the current accounting data and the estimate of the migration increase according to the demographic balance data to the estimate according to the demographic balance. The greater the discrepancy between estimates, the worse the quality of accounting (Fig. 3).
Figure 3. Discrepancies in estimates of migration growth in Moscow according to current accounting and demographic balance data
Negative values show that the estimate for the demographic balance is greater than the estimate of the migration gain obtained directly from the current accounting data. First of all, this is explained by the underestimation of arrivals in the system of current registration of migration. Positive values of the indicators indicate the excess of the assessment according to the current accounting data over the assessment obtained by the balance method. main reason Such discrepancy turns out to be an underestimation of departures from the city. If two estimates coincide, the quality of accounting is high. Such a prosperous state of affairs was observed in the period of 1960-1980s, when administrative restrictions on residence were in effect in the capital. The worst record of migration was during the formation of the system of current migration records (1930s) and in the post-Soviet period, when the former system of registration, which was based on the institution of propiska, was destroyed, and a new one has not yet been created.
Thus, the demographic balance of Moscow from 1990 to 2010 is presented as follows:
- on January 1, 1900, the population was 1.1 million people;
- 8.3 million people were born, 7.7 million people died, the natural increase was 0.6 million people;
- migration growth amounted to 8.6 million people;
- population growth as a result of the ALA added 1.2 million people;
- by January 1, 2011 the population of Moscow increased to 11.5 million people.
The calculations carried out confirm the decisive role of migration in shaping the population of Moscow.
The important role of migration in shaping the population of Moscow is also evidenced by the proportion of local and non-local natives in the total population of the city (Table 3).
Table 3Distribution of the population of Moscow by place of birth (in %)
|
Place of Birth |
1897 |
1926 |
1989 |
2002 |
|
Outside Moscow |
||||
|
Moscow region |
||||
|
border areas |
||||
|
Other areas Central District |
||||
|
Northwestern District |
||||
|
Volga region |
||||
|
South and North Caucasus |
||||
|
Siberia and Far East |
||||
|
Ukraine and Moldova |
||||
|
Belarus and the Baltics (except 1926) |
||||
|
Transcaucasia and Central Asia |
||||
|
Other states |
||||
|
Place of birth not specified |
Most people know about Moscow only as the capital of the Russian Federation, which is home to many millions of people. But few people tried to understand the life of the metropolis, to understand why new people constantly come to Moscow, why it is a city of great opportunities, as they say about it. After all, the population of the capital could not grow at such an incredible rate if the conditions for life and work there were inappropriate. Let's deal with everything in order.
Brief history of Moscow
The history of this largest Russian city is full of many events in which Moscow acted in two statuses: as the capital of our state and simply as the largest cultural center. Scientists have found in the annals for 1147 the first mention of this city. Since then, this year has been considered the date of the founding of Moscow, although researchers have repeatedly noted that there was another large settlement on the site of the city, which existed much earlier than it.
On the other hand, due to the large influx of residents from Central Asia physical labor became much less appreciated. Employers are mainly interested in narrow-profile specialists - graduates of technical universities. As the population of Moscow continues to grow, so does competition among job seekers. That is why, for lack of a better way, people often get positions in the service sector (waiters, merchandisers, leaflet distributors, etc.).
Historical city population data
The indicators in the category "Population of Moscow by years" can be conditionally divided into two groups. The first one should contain statistics about the inhabitants before the 20th century, and the second - from the 20th century. This is due to the following reasons. Until the First World War and the First Russian Revolution, the population of the city grew rather slowly. Of course, it was influenced by the living conditions of people of those times, the poor development of infrastructure, medicine in the whole country. So, 1 million figures for the population of Moscow reached only in the very late XIX century - in 1896. In all previous centuries, the population grew by 100-200 thousand per century, excluding the same XIX, when the influx of population increased much.
In the 20th century, the population of Moscow increased by a million inhabitants every decade. Not everyone can boast of these incredible indicators. Big City, with the exception of such megacities as New York, Beijing, Paris and some others.
Moscow population data
To date, the question: "What is the population in Moscow?" - you can get an incredible answer: more than 12 million 100 thousand people. A huge influx of residents has led to a significant expansion of the city, the development of the infrastructure of each individual district. More than 100 thousand people permanently live in each of the 125 subjects of the capital. The most populated administrative district of Moscow is Yuzhny with a population of over 1 million 750 thousand people.
Unofficial residents of Moscow
As mentioned above, the number of inhabitants in Moscow is more than 12 million. But these are just official statistics. In practice, it has been proven that more than 20 million people live in the capital of Russia, among which about 8 million are people without a residence permit or a residence permit, in other words, illegal migrants or Russian citizens who came to the metropolis in search of work.
The unofficial population of Moscow is a huge indicator, the clarification of which is necessary for competent planning and construction of various infrastructure facilities in the city. Finding out the exact number of residents has recently been carried out with the help of mobile operators, which provide government agencies with depersonalized data on the size and movement of the population.
Many officials also note that accurate data would help create the optimal number of jobs for those who come to the capital of the Russian Federation to earn money.
The composition of the population of Moscow
The population of Moscow is an indicator that has a direct relationship with the national composition of the city's inhabitants. It should be noted that in this case the official number of Moscow residents is taken as 100% - 12 million people. According to statistics, more than 91% of Russians, 1.4% of Tatars and Ukrainians, 1% of Armenians, 0.5% of Azerbaijanis and Jews, 0.4% of Belarusians and Georgians, 0.3% of citizens of Uzbekistan live in the metropolis, 0.2% of Mordovians, Moldovans and Tajiks, as well as a small number of Ossetians, Koreans, representatives of Chuvashia, Kazakhstan, China, Chechnya and Vietnam.
Naturally, the list of nationalities that live in the capital of Russia is not limited to the above. The rest of the nationalities in percentage terms occupy 1.2% of all residents of Moscow.
Forecasts
Statistical experts, as well as public observers, unanimously declare that since there is no reason for the influx of new residents to stop, the city's population continues to grow. Moscow is expanding, all the conditions for the life of citizens are being created, so the capital can afford to accommodate even more people while solving the transport problem and reducing real estate prices. If the availability of housing and jobs increase, the number of inhabitants in the near future will exceed both 20 and 30 million people.
As a city of federal significance, it is also the most populated subject of the Russian Federation.
Moscow is also the center of the Moscow urban agglomeration, the largest urban agglomeration in Russia and Europe with a permanent population of about 15 million people.
Population
The population of Moscow according to Rosstat is 12,330,126 people. (2016). Population density - 4822.09 people / km 2 (2014).
According to the results of the 2002 census, the population of Moscow was 10,382,754 people (which turned out to be 1.5 million more than expected).
According to the results of the All-Russian population census of 2010 of Rosstat, 11,503,501 people live in Moscow.
According to the preliminary data of the 2010 census as of October 2010, the population for which the census forms were filled out was about 11.7 million people, of which, according to Rosbalt, 11,643,060 people. declared during the census that they live in the city permanently, about 30 thousand census forms were filled out for those temporarily staying in the city.
According to the Moscow Department of the Federal Migration Service, in 2008 as a whole, 1.8 million temporarily residing visitors (migrant workers, students and others) were temporarily registered with the Federal Migration Service, and at least 1 million unregistered and illegal migrants and guest workers, including illegal immigrants. As of autumn 2010, Rosbalt cites the following statistics with reference to the head of the Moscow Department of the Federal Migration Service: 9.06 million residents of Moscow had permanent registration, 1.1 million Russian citizens had temporary registration, 340 thousand foreigners were officially registered, except In addition, between 600,000 and 800,000 Russian citizens live in Moscow without registration. This source did not provide estimates of the number of foreigners illegally residing in the city.
The constant growth of the population of Moscow is mainly due to the influx of people from other regions of the country. Part of the migrants is the so-called "marriage migration", when residents of Moscow, entering into marriage with non-residents, do not leave the capital, but, on the contrary, their spouses move permanently to the city. In Soviet times, a number of administrative bodies, institutions of science and culture established the possibility of attracting valuable personnel from among non-residents to the city. There were sectors of the city's economy that could not meet their labor needs at the expense of the population of Moscow or its suburbs (in particular, industry, construction, transport), for such industries annually reviewed quotas (limits) were set to attract non-resident labor. This phenomenon of internal migration was called "limit" in Soviet times.
Population change
| Population | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1350 | 1400 | 1600 | 1638 | 1710 | 1725 | 1738 | 1750 |
| 30 000 | ↗40 000 | ↗100 000 | ↗200 000 | ↘160 000 | ↘145 000 | ↘138 400 | ↘130 000 |
| 1775 | 1785 | 1800 | 1811 | 1813 | 1825 | 1830 | 1835 |
| ↗161 000 | ↗188 700 | ↗250 000 | ↗270 200 | ↘215 000 | ↗241 500 | ↗305 600 | ↗335 800 |
| 1840 | 1847 | 1852 | 1856 | 1858 | 1859 | 1863 | 1864 |
| ↗349 100 | ↗353 300 | ↗373 800 | ↘368 800 | ↗377 800 | ↗379 300 | ↗462 500 | ↘351 600 |
| 1868 | 1871 | 1886 | 1891 | 1897 | 1900 | 1902 | 1907 |
| ↗416 400 | ↗601 969 | ↗753 459 | ↗822 400 | ↗1 039 000 | ↗1 175 000 | ↘1 174 700 | ↗1 345 700 |
| 1908 | 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 | 1917 | 1920 | 1923 |
| ↗1 359 200 | ↗1 617 157 | ↘1 563 100 | ↗1 762 700 | ↗1 817 000 | ↗1 854 400 | ↘1 028 200 | ↗1 542 900 |
| 1926 | 1928 | 1931 | 1936 | 1939 | 1956 | 1959 | 1967 |
| ↗2 080 000 | ↗2 127 200 | ↗2 781 300 | ↗3 641 500 | ↗4 609 000 | ↗4 839 000 | ↗5 045 905 | ↗6 422 000 |
| 1970 | 1972 | 1973 | 1976 | 1979 | 1982 | 1986 | 1989 |
| ↗6 941 961 | ↗7 151 000 | ↗7 255 000 | ↗7 658 000 | ↗7 830 509 | ↗8 111 000 | ↗8 527 000 | ↗8 769 117 |
| 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 |
| ↗8 880 124 | ↗9 017 415 | ↘8 956 900 | ↗9 066 025 | ↗9 066 612 | ↗9 085 457 | ↘8 434 300 | ↗9 411 236 |
| 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 |
| ↗9 604 297 | ↗9 783 242 | ↗9 932 932 | ↘8 396 400 | ↗10 126 000 | ↗10 126 400 | ↗10 391 470 | ↗10 406 600 |
| 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 |
| ↗10 425 100 | ↗10 442 700 | ↗10 470 300 | ↗10 508 971 | ↗11 514 000 | ↘11 503 500 | ↗11 612 943 | ↗11 979 529 |
| 2014 | |||||||
| ↗12 108 257 | |||||||
| Birth rate (number of births per 1,000 population) (Data for 2011 and 2012 are given in limits changed from July 1, 2012) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 |
| 11,8 | ↗12,5 | ↗13,4 | ↗13,8 | ↘10,5 | ↘8,0 | ↘7,9 | ↘7,8 | ↗7,8 |
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| ↗7,8 | ↗8,5 | ↗8,8 | ↗9,4 | ↘8,4 | ↗8,8 | ↗8,9 | ↗9,0 | ↗9,7 |
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | |||
| ↗10,3 | ↗11,0 | ↘10,7 | ↗10,7 | ↗11,3 | ↗11,3 | |||
| Mortality (number of deaths per 1000 population) (Data for 2011 and 2012 are given in the limits changed since July 1, 2012) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 |
| 9,5 | ↗10,4 | ↗11,5 | ↗12,1 | ↗12,8 | ↗16,9 | ↘15,0 | ↘14,4 | ↗14,6 |
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| ↗14,8 | ↗15,2 | ↗15,6 | ↗15,7 | ↘13,1 | ↘12,6 | ↘12,3 | ↘12,2 | ↘11,9 |
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | |||
| ↘11,8 | ↘11,4 | ↘10,9 | ↘9,7 | ↗9,9 | ↘9,7 | |||
| Natural population growth (per 1000 population, sign (-) means natural population decline) (Data for 2011 and 2012 are given in the boundaries changed since July 1, 2012) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 |
| 2,3 | ↘2,1 | ↘1,9 | ↘1,7 | ↘-2,3 | ↘-8,9 | ↗-7,1 | ↗-6,6 | ↘-6,8 | ↘-7,0 |
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
| ↗-6,7 | ↘-6,8 | ↗-6,3 | ↗-4,7 | ↗-3,8 | ↗-3,4 | ↗-3,2 | ↗-2,2 | ↗-1,5 | ↗-0,4 |
| 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||
| ↗-0,2 | ↗1,0 | ↗1,4 | ↗1,6 | ||||||
| Life expectancy at birth (number of years) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 |
| 69,7 | ↗69,8 | ↘68,8 | ↘65,6 | ↘64,4 | ↗65,4 | ↗68,1 | ↗69,5 | ↗69,8 |
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| ↗69,8 | ↗69,8 | ↘69,6 | ↗69,9 | ↗70,0 | ↗70,8 | ↗71,4 | ↗71,8 | ↗72,5 |
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||
| ↗72,8 | ↗73,6 | ↗74,2 | ↗75,8 | ↘75,7 | ||||
General Map
Moscow, the capital of the largest state, is also the largest city in Russia in many respects. It also leads in terms of the number of citizens inhabiting it. Let's figure out in this article how many people live in this beautiful city in 2017, which of its districts is the most densely populated, how birth and death rates have changed here, what nationality people are in Moscow most of all, what forecasts for the number of residents are given by experts and much more.
in Moscow
Moscow is considered the most populated city not only in Russia, but throughout Europe. Its population "here and now" varies within 17 million people. According to Rosstat at the beginning of 2017, 12,380,664 people live in the "third Rome". Let's make a reservation - this number shows how many people are registered in Moscow (the number of citizens with both permanent and temporary registration is considered), and not how many actually live. The population density is also amazing - 4834.31 people / km 2.
The constant growth of the city's population is provided not by a high birth rate, but by out-of-town Russian and foreign migrants. For example, for 1992-2012. only due to registered visitors, the population of the capital increased by 4.05 million people. And the increase in the number of residents due to migrants in 2016 amounted to 19.4 thousand people.
Ranking of districts of the capital by population
Let's use the statistics for 2015 to find out how many people live in Moscow in each of its districts:
- Eastern AD: 1,495,835.
- Western AO: 1,344,044.
- District of Zelenograd: 232 489.
- Northern AD: 1,151,160.
- North-East AD: 1,402,928.
- Northwestern Autonomous Okrug: 979 614.
- Central JSC: 760 690.
- South-East AD: 1,363,859.
- Southwestern Autonomous Okrug: 1,414,510.
- Southern Autonomous Okrug: 1,760,813.
- Novomoskovsky district: 183,591.
- Trinity district: 108 063.
The three "record holders" are the South, the capital. Let us now turn to smaller formations - districts. Let's see how many people in Moscow live in its most densely populated agglomerations.
Rating of districts and settlements of the city by dense population
At the moment, the capital is a formation of 125 districts and 21 formations of a different type. Using Data Federal Service state statistics specifically for Moscow, imagine how many people in the city of Moscow live in its most populated areas. The table shows the entities where over 100,000 people are registered (temporarily and permanently).
| District, settlement | Population, people |
| Academic | 109 127 |
| Basmanny | 110 083 |
| Bibirevo | 159 811 |
| Eastern Biryulyovo | 152 450 |
| Bogorodskoe | 107 697 |
| Brateevo | 108 366 |
| Veshnyaki | 122 073 |
| Vykhino-Zhulebino | 224 366 |
| Golovinsky | 103 064 |
| Golyanovo | 161 906 |
| Zyuzino | 126 365 |
| Zyablikovo | 132 993 |
| Ivanovskoe | 127 379 |
| Izmailovo | 106 154 |
| Konkovo | 155 966 |
| Koptevo | 101 098 |
| Kuzminki | 145 277 |
| Kuntsevo | 150 513 |
| Lublino | 171 740 |
| Maryino | 252 597 |
| Mitino | 188 671 |
| Mozhaisky | 137 077 |
| Nagatinsky Zaton | 119 317 |
| Novokosino | 106 931 |
| Novo-Peredelkino | 121 024 |
| Northern Orekhovo-Borisovo | 131 891 |
| Southern Orekhovo-Borisovo | 147 684 |
| Otradnoe | 183 921 |
| Ochakovo-Matveevskoe | 127 942 |
| Perovo | 140 714 |
| Presnensky | 126 178 |
| Ramenki | 137 093 |
| Ryazan | 108 542 |
| Northern Medvedkovo | 126 694 |
| Northern Tushino | 164 770 |
| Solntsevo | 123 371 |
| Strogino | 159 168 |
| Tagansky | 118 989 |
| textile workers | 104 653 |
| Teply Stan | 133 905 |
| Troparevo-Nikulino | 121 754 |
| Fili-Davydkovo | 114 573 |
| Khamovniki | 107 821 |
| Khoroshevo-Mnevniki | 170 913 |
| Tsaritsyno | 128 303 |
| Cheryomushki | 107 695 |
| Northern Chertanovo | 114 388 |
| Central Chertanovo | 116 575 |
| Southern Chertanovo | 148 270 |
| Shchukino | 109 321 |
| South Butovo | 205 064 |
| Southern Tushino | 108 312 |
| Yasenevo | 177 596 |
Thus, Maryino is the leader in terms of population in Moscow. The population density in this area is 21,208.82 people / km 2. In second place - Vykhino-Zhulebino, in third - South Butovo. Behind them - Mitino, Otradnoye, Yasenevo.
Rogovsky, the most sparsely populated settlement of the city? 2,919 people for 2017. The most sparsely populated area of the city is Vostochny - there are 13,577 people. Vnukovo, Staraya Kryukovka, Yakimanka, Kurkino will also be not crowded.
Despite the fact that Maryino is the most densely populated, the Zyablikovo district is the leader in terms of population density in the metropolis - 30,363.7 people / km 2. Next in terms of population will be Novokosino, Lomonosovsky, V. Degunino, Bibirevo. The smallest can be observed in the Molzhaninovsky district - 330.95 people / km 2, as well as in Metrogorodok, Vnukovo, Severny and Silino. The minimum density of living people is observed in a settlement called Rogovskoe - 56.96 people / km 2.
Population in different years
First, let's find out how many people lived in Moscow at different stages of its history:
- 1350, almost 200 years after its foundation (1147) - 30 thousand people.
- 1600 - 100 thousand people already lived in Moscow.
- 1710-1750 - the population of the city decreased from 160 thousand people to 130 thousand.
- 1811-1813 - the consequence of the Patriotic War was a decrease in the city's inhabitants from 270.2 thousand to 215 thousand people.
- In 1830, 305.6 thousand people could be called Muscovites, in 1863 - 462.5 thousand, in 1871 - 601.9 thousand, in 1886 - 753.5 thousand, in 1891 city - 822.4 thousand, in 1897 - 1,039 thousand, and in 100 - already 1,175 thousand people.
- In the year of the October Revolution, 1,854,400 people lived in the capital. In 1926, the population of the city "passed" over 2 million, in 1936 - over 3 million, in 1939 - over 4 million.
- In the period 1956-1992. the number of Soviet citizens living in Moscow increased from 4,839,000 to 9,067,808.
- In 2000, 9,932,932 people were registered in the Russian capital, last year 2016 - 12,330,126, and at the beginning of this year - 12,380,664 people.
Birth rates
How many people are born in Moscow every year? Take for analysis the period 1970-2014. "Boom" was observed in 1985 - statistics recorded 13.8 newborns / 1000 people. population. The lowest rates were in the period 1997-1999. - stable 7.8 babies/1000 people. The indicators for 2014 are 11.4/1000.
The number of births in 2016 amounted to 145.3 thousand people. And this is 2% more than in 2015. The death rate of newborns in the same 2016 compared to the previous year decreased by 3.5%.
How many people die in Moscow
Analysis of mortality for the period 1970-2014 says the following:
- The smallest figure was recorded in 1970 - 9.5 deaths / 1000 people.
- The most unfavorable year was 1995 - then, according to statistics, 16.9/1000 died.
- How many people in Moscow left this world in 2014? The mortality rate for the year is 9.7/1000.
In 2016, 123.6 thousand people died in the capital, which is 1.4% more than in 2015. The reasons for the death of Muscovites are as follows:
- 53% - diseases affecting the circulatory system;
- 21% - various neoplasms;
- 5% - external factors.
Natural growth of the Moscow population
To calculate the natural increase, birth and death data for a particular year are taken. The number of visitors does not affect these figures. Having learned how many people live in Moscow, let's compare these numbers with natural growth for 1970-2014:
- 1970 - +2.3/1000 people
- 1975-1995 - there is a natural decline - from +2.1/1000 people. up to -8.9/1000 people
- 1996-2010 - the natural decline in the number of inhabitants gradually began to decline - from -7.1 / 1000 people. up to -0.2/1000 people
- 2011-2014 - there is a progressive natural increase of Moscow residents - from +1/1000 people. up to 1.7/1000 people
Life expectancy in Moscow
Taking the period 1990-2013 as a base for analysis, we obtain the following figures:
- The average life expectancy of Muscovites during this period was 70.5 years.
- The most unfavorable year was 1994 - then life expectancy was 64.4 years.
- The highest rates were recorded in 2013 - 76.4 years. At the beginning of the analyzed period (1990), the average life expectancy of a Muscovite was 69.7 years.
standard of living in the capital. Unemployment
It's no secret that Moscow "overtakes" Russian cities in terms of living standards. Let's get acquainted with the general indicators:
- The average salary in the city according to the data of Rosstat is 64,286 rubles / month. (2016).
- The average monthly pension is 11,790.5 rubles. (2014).
- The subsistence minimum is 12,180 rubles per month. (2014).
The highest salaries in Moscow were observed at enterprises and organizations:
- producing oil products, engaged in the extraction of natural gas or oil;
- producing various equipment for receiving/reproducing/recording sound and images;
- employed in the advertising field;
- employed in the development and promotion of software;
- producing and selling tobacco products;
- carrying out various operations in the field of finance;
- employed in wholesale trade;
- producing/distributing vital resources - electricity, water, gas.
Judging by the indicators for October - December 2016, the number of the economically active population employed in the labor process amounted to 98.3%. The number of unemployed, respectively, was officially equal to 1.7%.
National composition
The last census of 2010 not only made it possible to find out how many people live in Moscow, but also to get acquainted with the national composition of the capital:
- Russians - 91.65%. And this is slightly higher than the national percentage.
- Ukrainians - 1.42%. The number of people of this nationality is gradually decreasing from 2.6% - indicators of 1970-1979.
- Tatars - 1.38%. There is also a downward trend - from 1.8% in 1989 to
- Armenians - 0.98%. The share of the Armenian population exceeds the average for Russia.
- Jews - 0.49%. The largest percentage of the concentration of people of this nationality in the capital was observed in 1939 - 6%. However, these figures are still higher than the national ones.
- Germans - 0.1%. There is some increase in the German population - in comparison with 1979, when none of the census participants identified themselves as this nationality.
These are the statistics for today. In the future, experts predict only an increase in the number of people living in "the most beautiful city in the world." It is believed that in 2030 the capital will already be inhabited by 590 thousand people more than today. The increase will come at the expense of migrants, but the natural population growth is expected to decline.