How many regions, territories, republics are there in the European part of Russia? and got the best answer
Answer from *** Mercury ***[guru]
Subjects of the Federation in the European part of Russia (administrative centers in brackets):
Central Federal District (in full)
1. Belgorod region (Belgorod)
2. Bryansk region (Bryansk)
3. Vladimir region (Vladimir)
4. Voronezh region (Voronezh)
5. Ivanovo region (Ivanovo)
6. Kaluga region (Kaluga)
7. Kostroma region (Kostroma)
8. Kursk region (Kursk)
9. Lipetsk region (Lipetsk)
10. Moscow
11. Moscow region (Moscow)
12. Oryol region (Orel)
13. Ryazan region (Ryazan)
14. Smolensk region (Smolensk)
15. Tambov region (Tambov)
16. Tver region (Tver)
17. Tula region (Tula)
18. Yaroslavl region (Yaroslavl)
Northwestern Federal District (except for the Kaliningrad Region)
19. Arkhangelsk region (Arkhangelsk)
20. Vologda region (Vologda)
21. Republic of Karelia (Petrozavodsk)
22. Republic of Komi (Syktyvkar)
23. Leningrad region (St. Petersburg)
24. Murmansk region (Murmansk)
25. Novgorod region (Novgorod the Great)
26. Pskov region (Pskov)
27. St. Petersburg
28. Nenets Autonomous District (Naryan-Mar, part of the Arkhangelsk region)
Southern Federal District
29. Astrakhan region (Astrakhan)
30. Volgograd region (Volgograd)
31. Republic of Kalmykia (Elista)
32. Rostov region (Rostov-on-Don)
33. Krasnodar Territory (Krasnodar)
North Caucasian Federal District
34. Dagestan (Makhachkala)
35. Ingushetia (Magas)
36. Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (Nalchik)
37. Karachay-Cherkess Republic (Cherkessk)
38. North Ossetia (Vladikavkaz)
39. Stavropol Territory (Stavropol)
40. Chechnya (Grozny)
41. Adygea (Maikop)
Privolzhsky Federal District (west of the Urals)
42. Kirov region (Kirov)
43. Republic of Mari El (Yoshkar-Ola)
44. Republic of Mordovia (Saransk)
45. Nizhny Novgorod region (Nizhny Novgorod)
46. Penza region (Penza)
47. Samara region (Samara)
48. Saratov region (Saratov)
49. Republic of Tatarstan (Kazan)
50. Udmurt Republic (Izhevsk)
51. Ulyanovsk region (Ulyanovsk)
52. Chuvash Republic (Cheboksary)
Total: 52 entities Russian Federation located in the European part of the country. Of these, 32 are regions, 15 republics, 2 territories, 1 autonomous district, and 2 federal cities.
Note: Sometimes the Kaliningrad region is also included in the European part of Russia, which is actually a special region, part of the Baltic.
Answer from Irina Ponomareva[newbie]
there is Moscow!
Answer from Marina Gizatullina[active]
Mercury learn.
It's a shame not to know your country
Autonomous regions - 4
Autonomous regions - 1
Cities of federal significance - 3
Regions - 45
edges - 9
republics - 22
Caucasus- the territory of Russia between the Black and Azov Seas in the west and the Caspian Sea in the east with a total area of 440,000 sq. km, including the Main Caucasian Range, as well as the plain and foothill regions of the Ciscaucasia. The highest point of the Caucasus is Elbrus (5642 m above sea level). The Caucasus received the title of "All-Russian health resort": world-famous and very attractive for citizens who wish to improve their health are located here. Those who consider themselves quite healthy, and even willing to risk their health for the sake of thrills, will find worthy goals for themselves, no matter what their qualifications and initial training: at their service are numerous Caucasian and. , - all these amazing places are united by the hospitable Caucasus, and every year tourists from all over the world come here for the next conquest of a mountain peak or a dizzying descent from the ski slope. The mountain valleys of the Caucasus are replete with a mass of interesting ones that can decorate the track record of any water tourist experienced in the elements: and other stormy rivers "with character" annually from May to October attract lovers of water extreme sports. And of course, the Caucasus is a series of famous for those who like to soak up the sandy beach in blissful idleness. In the days of the USSR and the Iron Curtain, getting here was the dream of every person, and rest, for example, in Sochi was a matter of pride and an indicator of the success of a vacationer. But even today, when other world resorts are available to Russians, the resorts of the Caucasus still attract lovers of the warm Black Sea and amazing Caucasian seascapes. The Caucasus combines everything that travel enthusiasts usually like: interesting tourist routes for both amateurs and professionals; monuments of antiquity and the newest buildings of the Olympic Village, and, of course, nature, beautiful in its diversity - from sea shores with sandy beaches, green river valleys, relict groves and alpine meadows to snowy mountain peaks and glaciers.
Republic of Karelia It is located in the North-Western part of Russia, borders on Finland and is washed by the White Sea from the south-east. Karelia is one of the most popular tourist regions in Russia. A region with a rich history, amazing northern nature, many rivers, lakes, and forests - it seems to be specially created for people to come here from all over Russia. Karelian water routes along calm rivers with powerful local rapids (Vodla, Kem, Onda, Unga,) and picturesque lakes are extremely popular - both athletes and their families will be interested here. Excursion trips to places such as are no less popular - these monuments of wooden architecture and bins Russian history are familiar to everyone and are invariably popular with tourists coming to Karelia, both Russian and foreign. There is something to do in Karelia in winter too: many travel companies offer snowmobile tours on frozen lakes and snow-covered forests with overnight stays in cozy Karelian villages. Karelia is also known for its white nights: white nights here begin at the end of May and last until mid-August. On the days of the summer solstice at the end of June, the night is almost indistinguishable from the day, and the brightest night falls on June 20-21. In Karelia, White Nights are celebrated in a special way: youth events are held in different cities, for example, the festival of young classical music performers "White Nights".
Kola Peninsula is located in the north-west of Russia, in the Murmansk region, and makes up about 70% of its territory. Almost all of it is located beyond the Arctic Circle, therefore, the Kola Peninsula is characterized by such phenomena as a polar day (from late July to mid-August) and a polar night (from late November to mid-January). Northern lights. For those who want to see this amazing natural phenomenon with their own eyes, we recommend visiting these lands at the end of December: the polar night and the northern lights - a non-trivial way to celebrate the New Year - will make your holiday unforgettable. In the west of the peninsula there is a mountain range (up to 1200 m), which is popular with ski lovers. The most popular ski resorts of Khibiny are,. On catamarans or kayaks, you can lay interesting water routes along the rivers, , as well as on sea kayaks or a sailing catamaran on the seas and lakes. AT last years on the Kola Peninsula, the so-called "ecological tourism" is gaining popularity: Russians and foreigners come here who want to "live in places where no man has gone before." (1100 m) - a mystical and beautiful place on the Kola Peninsula east of the Khibiny, attractive to lovers of secrets, accustomed to the difficulties of hiking and mountain hiking. Numerous tour operators on the Kola Peninsula offer a variety of snowmobile and quad bike tours, jeep safari, fishing, as well as horseback riding and hiking in the most remarkable places.
Volga region- this is the entire territory adjacent to the Volga, stretching for more than 1500 km along the river. The Volga region is divided into three large regions, according to belonging to one of the parts of the Volga: Upper, Middle and Lower Volga. In the Volga region, you can outline countless tourist routes: (rafting and rafting along the Volga and its tributaries),
Europe- part of the Eurasian continent, washed by two oceans at once - the Arctic, as well as the Atlantic.
The area of the EU is approximately 10 million square meters. The population accounts for approximately 10% of the total population of the planet, which is approximately 740 million people.
General information
How many parts in Europe:
- Northern Europe;
- Southern Europe;
- Eastern Europe;
- Central Europe.
Depending on the opinions available, European countries can be assigned to one part of it or to another.
The highest point in Europe is Mount Elbrus, whose height reaches 5642 m. The lowest point is the Caspian Sea, which at the moment is approximately 27 m high.
The main territory is dominated by flat terrain, and only 17% of all of Europe is mountains. The climate of most of Europe is temperate. But in the north of the territory there are glaciers, and in the Caspian lowland - desert.
Europe is the region with the greatest cultural diversity despite its small territory.
Eastern Europe
The European part of Eurasia, located within the borders of Central and Eastern Europe, is commonly referred to as Eastern Europe.
This territory is home to a larger number of people than in other European regions, and occupies about 2/3 of Europe.
The bulk of the population is represented by people of Slavic appearance. In connection with political actions, the territory is constantly amenable to change.
So, in Soviet times, the countries of the USSR were included in Eastern Europe, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union, some countries separated and began to be considered foreign.
The climate here is drier and less warm. However, the soils of this part of Europe are much more fertile than the soils of Western Europe. In Eastern Europe the most a large number of chernozem soils around the world.
Eastern Europe is the closest in spirit and territory to Russia part of the Old World. The flight by plane will not take more than two hours. You can even go on vacation to the nearest countries while driving your own car.
The familiar climate and native language will be a pleasant bonus for those who decide to spend their holidays in Eastern Europe.
Western Europe is the territory in which all the Western countries of Europe are located. Usually, this includes countries that are connected by cultural and geographical principles, and which were able to avoid Soviet influence during the Cold War.
The climate in Western Europe is mostly temperate, with mild winters and warm summers.
Western Europe is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Urbanization here is at the level of 80%.
The largest agglomerations here are London and Paris.
Western Europe is considered the most popular for tourism. About 65% of tourists flock here.
In this area you can see everything from sandy beaches to mountain landscapes. The mosaic of landscapes is striking in its beauty.
A large flow of tourists has led to the formation of special tourist zones that specialize in providing tourist services to guests.
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Everyone will be able to accurately indicate on the map where Europe is located. However, it is not so easy to set clear boundaries.
The geographical boundaries of Europe on the northern, western and southern sides are the coastline of the seas of the Arctic Ocean, as well as Atlantic Ocean. These are the Baltic, Northern, Irish, Mediterranean, Black, Marmara and Azov seas.
The eastern border is usually drawn along the slope of the Ural Mountains to the Caspian Sea. Some sources also include the territory of the Caucasus in Europe.
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List of countries in Europe
Quantity European countries quite extensive.
Listed in alphabetical order, the list would look like this:
- Austria;
- Albania;
- Andorra.
- Belarus;
- Belgium;
- Bulgaria;
- Bosnia.
- Vatican;
- United Kingdom;
- Hungary.
- Germany;
- Holland;
- Greece.
- Denmark.
- Ireland;
- Spain;
- Italy;
- Iceland.
- Latvia;
- Lithuania;
- Liechtenstein;
- Luxembourg.
- Malta;
- Moldova;
- Monaco.
- Norway.
- Poland;
- Portugal.
- Russia;
- Romania.
- San Morino;
- Serbia;
- Slovakia;
- Slovenia.
- Ukraine.
- Finland;
- Croatia.
- Montenegro;
- Switzerland;
- Sweden.
- Estonia.
This is a complete list of states that are European.
Number of European countries
The number of states that make up Europe today is 50 .
But based on the political and economic situations that are taking place in the world, it cannot be argued that this list will not change.
Can be taken as an example Soviet Union, which at one time broke up into 15 independent states. Whereas the GDR and the FRG, for example, on the contrary, united into a single whole, and today they are called Germany.
Currently, a difficult political situation is taking place in Spain. The Catalan part of it is trying to stand out as a state independent of Spain, and be called Catalonia.
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National symbols
The national symbols of the countries are their flags and coats of arms. As a rule, animalistic symbols are included in the basis of coats of arms. The image of a horse symbolizes speed, movement.
All European countries are familiar with the myths about the god of the sun, who moved in his carriage, which was drawn by horses.
And here, for example, the elephant represents reliability and strength. It is his image that can be found on the coat of arms of the city of Coventry in the UK.
The state symbols of England is the oldest of all European countries. The coat of arms, which is now official in Great Britain, originated in the 19th century.
looks like a shield
- Top left and bottom right corners there are three golden leopards on a red background.
- Top right- a fiery lion, located on a background of the color of gold - the Scottish coat of arms.
- In the bottom left- a harp of gold on a blue field - Irish symbols.
This shield is held by a golden lion with a crown in its mane and a snow-white unicorn.
The symbolism of the Scandinavian countries reveals the history of the countries of the European North. The coat of arms of Denmark has been formed over several centuries. It is a shield, on top of which there is a crown, and inside the shield, four blue leopards are arranged in a row from top to bottom.
Divided by a red and white cross, in the center of which is just her coat of arms.
Until the 13th century, the state emblem of Sweden depicted three leopards in crowns standing one behind the other on the field, which was very reminiscent of the coat of arms of Denmark.
Only at the beginning of the 14th century did coat of arms depicting three golden crowns, which later became the state symbol.
primordial coat of arms of Iceland was presented in the form of a white falcon. But in 1944, a new symbolism was chosen: a shield held by a bull, a dragon, an eagle and an old man.
chief The symbol of Albania is a black eagle with two heads., which is the Albanian coat of arms.
The symbol of Bulgaria is the golden lion., located on a red shield, which is a symbol of masculinity.
Polish coat of arms It looks like a white eagle, whose head is decorated with a gilded crown.
Symbol of Serbia was created during the unification of the lands of Serbia. It depicts an eagle with two heads and a crown.
Macedonia became independent only in the second half of the 20th century. Therefore, until this period, symbolism was represented only by territorial symbols.
Now the coat of arms of Macedonia flaunts a golden crowned lion.
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Population and area of countries
The main giant by all criteria among European countries is Russia.
Its area is approximately equal to 17 million square meters, which is almost equal to the area South America and a population of about 146 million.
However, Russia's entry into Europe is considered controversial, because most of it is located in Asia, and only about 22% - in Europe.
The next in the list of the largest countries in Europe is Ukraine. It occupies an area of almost 604 thousand square meters.
The population of Ukraine is about 42 million people.
France, Spain, Sweden, Germany, Finland, Norway, Poland and Italy present a list of the 10 largest European countries. However, in terms of the number of inhabitants of these countries, Germany is after Russia, the number of inhabitants of which is about 81 million people .
The population of France is in third place in terms of number. Within it, there are about 66 million people .
The largest cities in Europe are London, with its population of 7 million people, Berlin - 3.5 million people, followed by Madrid, Rome, Kyiv and Paris with a population of 3 million.
Which countries are in the European Union?
The Union of Europe was organized during the collapse of the USSR. The EU is united together for economic reasons and political views of the state. Most of these countries use one type of currency - the euro.
The Union is an international entity that includes the signs of a country and the signs of the international community, but in fact they are neither one nor the other.
In some cases, decisions are made by supranational institutions, and in others through negotiations between countries that are members of the European Union.
At the very beginning of its inception, only six countries were part of the European Union.– Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and France.
To date, thanks to the connection to the agreement, the number of countries within the European Union has increased to twenty-eight.
States give up their sovereignty, in return receive protection in various institutions of the union, which act for the common interests of all participants.
The Lisbon Treaty included rules for leaving the European Union. For the entire period of action, only Greenland left the European Union - in the late 1900s.
At the moment, five countries claim the opportunity to leave the Union. These are Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey and Montenegro.
List of EU countries:
- Austria;
- Belgium;
- Bulgaria;
- Hungary;
- United Kingdom;
- Greece;
- Germany;
- Denmark;
- Italy;
- Ireland;
- Spain;
- Republic of Cyprus;
- Luxembourg;
- Latvia;
- Lithuania;
- Malta;
- Netherlands;
- Portugal;
- Poland;
- Romania;
- Slovenia;
- Slovakia;
- Finland;
- Croatia;
- Sweden;
- Estonia.
Liechtenstein, the Norwegian and Swiss states have not agreed to become members of the European Union, but partly take part in the implementation of joint economic activities.
The population of the European Union as of 2009 exceeded five hundred million people.
Throughout the land of the European Union, people equally use twenty-four languages. But, as a rule, the most popular languages in the European Union are English, German, and also French.
As for religious views, according to polls, about 18% of the population are atheists, 27% are not sure of their views, and 52% confidently believe in the existence of God.
From a geographical point of view, European part Russia belongs to the European continent - this is the most populated and economically well-developed part of the country, where Russian statehood was born. Today, about 78% of the population lives in these territories.
History of the development of the European part of Russia
The oldest human settlements in this area date back to the Paleolithic and are found on the territory of the Voronezh region in the village of Kostenki, on the territory of the Vladimir and Moscow regions.
During the V-lll millennia, people living in the European part of Russia, there is a slow transition to settled agriculture. The most striking examples of the cultures of that time are the Dnieper-Donetsk and the Comb Pottery Culture, as well as the later Maikop and Koban cultures that flourished in the North Caucasus in the lV-lll millennia.
Proto-Indo-European past
At the same time, the so-called Samara culture was formed on the territory of the southern Russian steppes, which is recognized by many researchers as Proto-Indo-European.
Summarizing, it is worth saying that the European part of Russia for many millennia was the scene of a clash of constantly moving human masses. Tribes of the Arkaim culture moved from the east to Europe, from the west Finno-Ugric tribes came to the territory of the East European Plain, who managed to achieve hegemony in a significant part of European north.
The origin of Russian statehood
By 862, historians discover the first traces of Slavic statehood in the northwest modern Russia, numerous peoples have already passed through the territory of Eastern Europe, such as the Huns, Hittites and Alans, who left their mark on local cultures, which some peoples carry to this day.
However, it is worth noting that the Varangians did not come to an empty place, but to the already existing settlements in the south of Lake Ladoga and in the Upper Volga. It is reliably known that the so-called state of Rurik included the cities of Staraya Ladoga, Novgorod, Beloozero and Rostov.
The main part of the population consisted of various Slavic tribes, which were still in a state of decomposition of the communal-clan system, and Finno-Ugric tribes. The Varangians occupied the vacant place of the military aristocracy, but rather quickly assimilated by the local population, which is quite clearly seen in the evolution of the names of local rulers, who in the first centuries were exclusively Northern European, and later - Slavic.
Neighbors of medieval Russia
Of great importance for the formation of statehood regarding the young union of tribes, which was Russia, was Khazar Khaganate and the Byzantine Empire, which were important economic partners and political rivals of Ancient Russia.
An important historical event for the young Russian state was the invasion of the Mongols in 1237 and the ensuing yoke, which lasted until 1480 in some regions of North-Eastern Russia. Since that time, despite numerous changes in the borders and name of the state, the hegemony of the Russian people over the East European Plain has remained unchanged, although its statehood has experienced numerous crises and been tested by foreign interventions.
Geography of European Russia
Which part of Russia is European has been determined for a long time, despite the fact that in some geographical areas this presents some difficulties. It is generally accepted that the border with Asia runs along the eastern slopes of the Ural Mountains, the Russian-Kazakhstan border, the coast of the Caspian Sea, along the channels of the Kuma and Manych rivers, the mouth of the Don River, and is further limited by the territories of other Eastern European states. It is worth considering that the islands of the seas washing the northern shores of the European part of Russia also belong to Europe.
From an administrative point of view, the considered part of the country is divided into the North-Western, Central, Volga and Southern federal districts. The Ural Federal District is also partly on European territory.
Among specialists, it is customary to consider this area as one of the large macro-regions, among which the European part, the Caucasus, the Urals and Siberia stand out with Far East. A significant part of the European territory is occupied by the East European or Russian Plain.
Administrative division
In the European part of Russia, regions, republics and territories are located both completely and partially. For example, the Republic of Bashkiria, the Krasnodar Territory, the Chelyabinsk and Orenburg regions are located simultaneously in Asia and Europe, while another forty-five subjects are located entirely in Europe.
The Central Federal District includes Moscow and the region, Belgorod, Bryansk, Vladimir, Voronezh, Ivanov, Kaluga, Kostroma, Kursk, Lipetsk, Ryazan, Orel, Smolensk, Tambov, Tver, Tula and Yaroslavl region. That is, only eighteen regions.
The Northwestern District includes eleven regions, including such a city in the European part of Russia as St. Petersburg, as well as the Nenets Autonomous District, which is part of the Arkhangelsk Region. The largest cities in this federal district are St. Petersburg, whose population has recently reached five million people, and Murmansk, which, with a population of 295,000 people, is the largest locality beyond the Arctic Circle and an important trading port.
The Southern Federal District includes the Astrakhan, Volgograd and Rostov Regions, as well as the Republic of Kalmykia. Since 2014, two more regions have been included in the Okrug: the Republic of Crimea and federal city Sevastopol.
Largest cities
The largest concentration of cities with a population exceeding one million inhabitants is observed in the Volga Federal District. Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara, Perm and Ufa belong to that region of the European part of Russia where the paths of Western and Eastern civilizations traditionally crossed, therefore the Volga region is distinguished by diversity both nationally and culturally.
In the Central District are Voronezh and Moscow, which is also one of the most populated cities in Europe, second only to Istanbul in this indicator and ahead of London. It is worth saying that in terms of the number of millionaire cities, Russia is ahead of other European countries.
What part of Russia is European is most difficult to determine on its southern borders, where there are no pronounced geographical landmarks. Therefore, some scholars include or exclude the Caucasian steppes from Russian Europe. However, there is no doubt that Rostov-on-Don and Volgograd are the largest cultural, industrial and economic centers of the south of Russia.
Instead of a resume
Despite the fact that the European part of the territory of Russia is only 20% of the area of the entire country, it is nevertheless larger than any of the foreign European states.
For example, it is six times larger than Ukraine, and it is the largest state in foreign Europe, and more than seven times the territory of the French Republic.
It is also worth mentioning that the geographical and climatic conditions in this part of the country are different, and include both polar tundra and alpine meadows, as well as dry steppes and semi-deserts. The central part of the region is famous for its fertile soils. On the same day in different regions of the European part of Russia, the temperature can vary by 20 degrees.