Briefly resurrection. Resurrection (novel)

Leo Tolstoy's novel "Resurrection" was written in the 90s of the 19th century. Already at its very beginning, the triumph of life dominates over the evils and vices rooted in man: people try to disfigure the land on which they live, but everything, on the contrary, blooms and breathes in the spring: “The sun warmed, the grass, reviving, grew and turned green wherever did not scrape it off, not only on the lawns of the boulevards, but also between the slabs of stones ... "

Only in the heart of Ekaterina Maslova, the heroine with whom we get to know from the first pages of the work, it was dark and uncomfortable. It is as dark as in the prison, from where she left to go to court, accompanied by strict soldiers. It would seem strange - a young, beautiful girl - and already a criminal, at whom passers-by look with apprehension. But this was preceded by certain - sad - circumstances.

Katyusha's childhood was cloudless only until the age of 16. In principle, she was an orphan and was brought up by two young ladies, sisters - Sofya Ivanovna and Marya Ivanovna. Together they taught the girl to work at home, to read. And at the age of 16, a nephew arrived, who was a student and a rich prince. Katya fell in love with a guy, and he, brazenly taking advantage of her, seduced her and at the same time gave money.

Since then, Maslova's life has gone downhill: the girl's newborn child died of childbed fever, looking for shelter, she ended up with dishonorable people who had an intimate relationship with her for money, and finally, Ekaterina ended up in a brothel. Seven years of a nightmare life with bullying clients, fights, unbearable smell of tobacco and endless adultery ...

And now it's time to trace further the fate of the very culprit of Maslova's misfortunes - the very one who seduced her ten years ago, Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Nekhlyudov. He will marry the daughter of the Korchagins, influential and wealthy people. But this event is overshadowed by one circumstance: a recent relationship with a married woman. Nekhlyudov faced a dilemma: to marry or not to marry Korchagina. Maria (who, as in all families of a certain circle, was given the nickname Missy) was a decent girl and appreciated the dignity of Dmitry, and this testified in favor of marriage. Among the arguments "against" was age (Missy has already exceeded 27).

Fulfilling a public duty, Nekhlyudov left to take part in the jury trial. The case of poisoning was heard, and suddenly Dmitry recognized her in one of the defendants - Katya Maslova, with whom he had once been in love and with whom he acted vilely and dishonorably. The chairman asked standard questions, and soon the court became aware Short story her life. After long formalities - listing the witnesses, deciding on an expert and a doctor, reading the indictment - it became clear what had happened. A visiting merchant, Ferapont Emelyanovich Smelkov, suddenly died at the Mauritania Hotel.

At first it was thought that the cause of death was excessive alcohol consumption, which caused a heart rupture, but it soon turned out that the merchant had been poisoned. The goal was the most banal: the theft of a large amount of money received by Smelkov in the bank. The merchant spent the whole day and night on the eve of his death with the prostitute Maslova. According to the prosecution, it was she who, having access to the money and wanting to get it, gave Smelkov a drink of cognac, in which white powder was mixed, which caused the death of the victim. In addition, an expensive ring was stolen.

Catherine's accomplices denied their guilt, and, in the end, Maslova was sentenced to four years of hard labor. Is it fair? Of course not. After all, Maslova herself kept repeating, as usual: “I didn’t take it, I didn’t take it, I didn’t take it, but he himself gave me the ring.” The powder, according to the defendant, she added, but she thought it was sleeping pills. Be that as it may, Catherine's life was crossed out. But is Nekhlyudov to blame from the outset and wholly for this? He recalled their first innocent touch, his passionate love, and it became clear: if the difference between his and her origins had not played a decisive role, if he had realized in his heart that he still loves black-eyed Katyusha, everything could be different.

Then, during their first separation, he said goodbye to her and thanked her for all the good things. Then for three years the young man did not come to his aunts, and during this time his character changed greatly for the worse. From an innocent, honest and selfless young man, Nekhlyudov turned into a depraved egoist, thinking only of himself. A terrible change happened to Dmitry precisely because he stopped believing in his heart and began to trust others - and led to dire consequences. Military service especially corrupted Nekhlyudov.

Did Katya notice these changes? No. Her heart was filled with the same love, and when the young man later appeared at the aunts on the Easter holidays, she looked at him joyfully and enthusiastically. Until the very moment when Dmitry, after matins, kissed her in the corridor. Even then, the danger of being seduced hung over Katya, and she, feeling something was wrong, resisted this. As if Dmitry was trying to break something infinitely precious.

And then came that fateful night, which became the starting point in a new, defamed life, full of bitterness and disappointment. Nekhlyudov, tormented by remorse, left, and the unfortunate and dishonored girl remained - with money of 100 rubles, which, when saying goodbye, the prince gave, and a big wound in her heart ...

Quotes from the book "Resurrection"

One of the most common and widespread superstitions is that each person has one of his own specific properties, that there is a person who is kind, evil, smart, stupid, energetic, apathetic, etc. People are not like that. We can say about a person that he is more often kind than evil, more often smart than stupid, more often energetic than apathetic, and vice versa; but it will not be true if we say about one person that he is kind or smart, and about another that he is evil or stupid. And we always divide people like that. And this is not true.

People are like rivers: the water is the same in all and the same everywhere, but each river is either narrow, or fast, or wide, or quiet ... So are people. Each person bears in himself the germs of all human qualities and sometimes manifests one, sometimes another, and is often completely different from himself, remaining one and himself.

It always hurts me terribly, terribly, to think that the people whose opinion I value are confusing me with the position in which I am.

All people live and act partly according to their own thoughts, partly according to the thoughts of other people. The extent to which people live according to their own thoughts and how much according to the thoughts of other people is one of the main differences between people.

For two years I did not write a diary and thought that I would never return to this childishness. And this was not childishness, but a conversation with oneself, with that true, divine self that lives in every person. All the time this I was sleeping, and I had no one to talk to.

There is always one minute in love between a man and a woman, when love reaches its zenith, when there is nothing conscious, rational and nothing sensual in it.

Sentence to penal servitude and the subsequent transformation of Dmitry's life

After the sentence to hard labor, in which Nekhlyudov was partially guilty, because, as a juror, during his speech he missed the important words “... but without the intention of causing death ...”, thanks to which the woman could be acquitted, Dmitry Ivanovich began to correct the mistake. He realized that he was a scoundrel and a scoundrel and realized that it was simply necessary to break off relations with his current bride Missy, to confess to the deceived husband of Maria Vasilievna that his wife had cheated on him with him in general, to put his life in order and to obey those whom he had caused evil. Nekhlyudov prayed to God, asking Him to help, teach and inhabit him. And Dmitry's soul was cleansed of filth - and awakened to a new life.

Yes, Dmitry Ivanovich has changed, and his goal was only one thing: to help the unjustly convicted girl. He rented an apartment and was eager to see Maslova in prison. And the expected, and at the same time frightening Nekhlyudov meeting took place. They stood opposite each other, separated by bars, and Maslova did not recognize him. Then the woman finally understood who it was, but the noise from other prisoners and visitors prevented them from communicating, and Maslova was allowed to go into a separate room. Dmitry again began to ask for forgiveness, but Catherine behaved as if she did not understand what they wanted from her, she asked only for money: ten rubles. And he wanted one thing: for Maslova to become what he knew her before. And for this he was ready to make an effort.

During the second date, the determined young man nevertheless told Catherine of his intention to marry her, but this caused an unexpected reaction: “This will never happen!” The words “you enjoyed me in this life, but you want to be saved by me in the next world” painfully cut the ear, but Nekhlyudov did not want to give up.

In addition, throughout this story with Maslova, he tried to help other prisoners: the old woman and her son Menshikov, who were completely unjustly accused of arson, one hundred and thirty prisoners who were detained due to expired passports, political prisoners, in particular, the revolutionary Vera Efremovna and her friend Shustova. The deeper Dmitry Ivanovich delved into the affairs of the prisoners, the more clearly he understood the global injustice that had permeated all sectors of society. He went to the village of Kuzminskoye, where there was a large estate, and suddenly made an unexpected decision for the manager: to give the land to the peasants for use for a low fee. He did the same on the estate inherited from his aunts.

An interesting episode is when Nekhlyudov, seeing the immeasurable poverty of the villagers, began to sympathize with them: he went into miserable huts, asked the peasants about life, talked with the village boys, who simply answered his questions: “Who is your poorest?”

The master realized with all his heart what harm the poor peasants do from the fact that the rich own the land. He gave money to those who asked, but there were more and more such people, and Dmitry Ivanovich left for the city - again, in order to fuss about the Maslova case. There he again met with a lawyer. The whole horror of the injustice reigning in the courts began to open up to Nekhlyudov as this man told chilling details: many innocent people are kept in captivity, and even for reading the Gospel they can be exiled to Siberia, and for interpreting it that does not correspond to the canons of the Orthodox church, to be sentenced to hard labor. How is this possible? Dmitry asked. Alas, the cruel reality taught its harsh lessons.

Dmitry found Ekaterina in the hospital. At the request of Nekhlyudov, she was nevertheless transferred there as a nurse. He was firm in his intention to marry this destitute woman.

Alas, no matter how Dmitry tried to promote the review of the case, the Senate nevertheless approved the court's decision. And our hero of the novel, having arrived in Moscow, hurried to tell Catherine about this (who was not in the hospital, but in the castle, because she allegedly began to twist love with the paramedic). She reacted to the news of the impending hard labor as if she expected such an outcome. Nekhlyudov was offended by her betrayal. Two feelings struggled in him: wounded pride and pity for a suffering woman. And suddenly Dmitry felt more guilty before Catherine. He realized that nothing would change his decision to go to Siberia, because he loves Catherine not for himself, but for God and for her.

Meanwhile, Katya was unfairly accused of relations with the paramedic, on the contrary, when he tried to molest, the woman pushed him away. Maslova already loved Nekhlyudov again and tried to fulfill his desires: she stopped smoking, drinking, flirting. Therefore, the fact that Dmitry began to think badly of her upset Catherine even more than the news of hard labor.

And Nekhlyudov was settling his affairs, preparing for his forthcoming trip to Siberia. The dispatch of the party of prisoners, in which Maslova was, was scheduled for the beginning of July. Before leaving, having seen his sister, Dmitry Ivanovich set off. A terrible sight was the procession of exiles through the city: men both young and old, in shackles, gray trousers and dressing gowns, women with bags over their shoulders, some of whom were carrying babies. Among those were even pregnant women, they could hardly drag their feet. Nekhlyudov walked not far from the party, then got into a cab and drove into a tavern. And when he was returning, he saw a dying prisoner, over whom a policeman, a clerk, an escort and several other people were bending over. It was a terrible sight. Dmitry again realized how immensely difficult the fate of those who are called "hard labor". But it was only the first person who died from unbearable conditions.

“Mutual love between people is the basic human law,” thought Nekhlyudov. - They can be treated with benefit and without harm only when you love. Just let them be treated without love, and there are no limits to cruelty and brutality.

During the trip, Nekhlyudov managed to secure the transfer of Maslova to political prisoners. At first, he himself rode in another train - a third-class carriage, along with servants, factory workers, artisans and other people of the lower class. And to Katerina, life with political people seemed incomparably better than with criminals. She admired her new comrades and especially became attached to Marya Pavlovna, who became a revolutionary out of sympathy for the common people.

And Katya fell in love with Simonson. He was a man acting on his own reasoning. He was against executions, wars and any killing - even animals, because he considered it a crime to destroy the living. This man with unique thinking also fell in love with Maslova - and not for the sake of sacrifice and generosity, like Nekhlyudov, but for who she is. Like thunder among clear sky Simonson confessed to Nekhlyudov: “I would like to marry Catherine ...” He, like Dmitry, wanted to alleviate the fate of Maslova, whom he loved as a rare and suffering person.

In part, Dmitry felt free from the promise given to Katya. He was pleased with another piece of news: his friend Selenin sent a letter with a copy of Catherine's pardon: it was decided to replace hard labor with a settlement in Siberia. With whom did Maslova wish to stay? Of course, with Simonson Vladimir Ivanovich ...

The last time I saw Katya Nekhlyudov, the last time I heard her "I'm sorry." And then he retired to the hotel and took out the Gospel, presented to him by an Englishman. This foreigner wished to visit the prison with him. He spoke to the prisoners about Christ and handed out the gospels. What Dmitry read shocked him: it turns out that the only means of salvation from human evil is the recognition of people as guilty before God, their forgiveness of each other.

Secret happy life
The Gospel says: "Seek first the Kingdom of God and its righteousness, and the rest will be added to you." And people look for the rest and do not find it.

This insight became for Nekhlyudov the beginning of a new, previously unknown life.

When I reached the last lines of the novel "Resurrection", the question arose: "Why does the writer speak through the mouth of his hero about the Kingdom of God on earth if everyone begins to fulfill God's commandments?" After all, people by nature are incapable of this. The Gospel spoke about the Kingdom of Heaven, in heaven, which the Lord will give to all those who love and believe in Him. But did Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy himself believe so? However, this is a completely different topic.

History of creation

The novel "Resurrection" was written by the author in -, -, -1899. Three times a year, with breaks. The work was originally written under the title " Konevskaya story”, Because in June 1887, Anatoly Fedorovich Koni told a story in front of Tolstoy about how one of the jurors during the trial recognized the woman he had once seduced in the accused for theft. This woman bore the surname Oni, and was a prostitute of the lowest rank, with a disfigured face. But the seducer, who probably once loved her, decided to marry her and worked hard. His feat was not completed: the woman died in prison.

The tragedy of the situation fully reflects the essence of prostitution and separately recalls the story of Guy de Maupassant "Port" - Tolstoy's favorite story, which he translated, calling it "Francoise": Sailor, having arrived from a long voyage, found a brothel in the port, took a woman and recognized her sister in her only when she began to ask him if he had seen such and such a sailor in the sea, and told him his own name.

Impressed by all this, Leo Tolstoy asked Koni to give the topic to him. He began to deploy life situation into conflict, and this work took several years of writing and eleven years of reflection.

Tolstoy, while working on the novel, in January 1899 visited the warden of the Butyrskaya prison, I. M. Vinogradov, and asked him about prison life. In April 1899, Tolstoy arrived at the Butyrka prison to go with the convicts sent to Siberia to the Nikolayevsky railway station, and then depicted this path in the novel. When the novel began to be published, Tolstoy set about revising it, and literally the night before the next chapter was published, “he did not let up: once he started to finish writing, he could not stop; the further he wrote, the more he got carried away, often redid what he had written, changed, crossed out ... "

Heroes of the novel and their prototypes

Katyusha Maslova

Ekaterina Mikhailovna Maslova is the daughter of an unmarried yard woman, adopted from a passing gypsy. At the age of three, after the death of her mother, Katyusha was taken into the master's house by two old ladies, landowners, and grew up with them, - according to Tolstoy, - "half maid, half pupil". When she was sixteen years old, Katyusha fell in love with a young student, the nephew of the landowners, Prince Nekhlyudov, who came to visit his aunts. Two years later, on the way to the war, Nekhlyudov again stopped by the aunts and, having stayed for four days, on the eve of his departure he seduced Katyusha, slipping her a hundred-ruble note on the last day. Having learned about her pregnancy and having lost hope that Nekhlyudov would return, Maslova uttered rudeness to the landowners and asked for a calculation. In the house of a village widow-midwife, she gave birth. The child was taken to an orphanage, where, as Maslova was told, he died immediately upon arrival. Having recovered from the birth, Maslova found a place in the house of the forester, who, after waiting for the right moment, took possession of her. The forester's wife, once finding him with Maslova, rushed to beat her. Maslova did not give in and a fight broke out, as a result of which she was kicked out without paying what she had earned.

Dmitry Nekhlyudov

Dmitry Ivanovich Nekhlyudov is a prince, a man from high society. Tolstoy characterizes the young Nekhlyudov as an honest, selfless young man, ready to give himself to every good deed and considered his "real me" your spiritual being. In his youth, Nekhlyudov, dreaming of making all people happy, thinks, reads, talks about God, truth, wealth, poverty; considers it necessary to moderate his needs; dreams of a woman only as a wife and sees the highest spiritual pleasure in the sacrifice in the name of moral requirements. Such a worldview and actions of Nekhlyudov are recognized by the people around him as strangeness and boastful originality. When, having reached adulthood, he, being an enthusiastic follower of Herbert Spencer, gives the peasants the estate inherited from his father, because he considers land ownership unfair, this act horrifies his mother and relatives, and becomes a constant subject of reproach and ridicule over him by all his relatives. At first, Nekhlyudov tries to fight, but it turns out to be too difficult to fight, and, unable to withstand the struggle, he gives up, becoming what others want to see him and completely drowning out the voice in himself that demands something else from him. Then Nekhlyudov enters military service, which according to Tolstoy "corrupts people". And now, already such a person, on the way to the regiment, he calls in the village to his aunts, where he seduces Katyusha, who is in love with him, and, on the last day before leaving, thrusts a hundred-ruble note into her, consoling himself with the fact that "everyone does it". Leaving the army with the rank of lieutenant of the guard, Nekhlyudov settled in Moscow, where he led I'm celebrating life a bored aesthete, a refined egoist who loves only his pleasure.

In the first unfinished draft of the future novel (then still "Konevskaya Tale") the main character's name is Valeryan Yushkov, then, in the same sketch, Yushkin. Making attempts to “bring closer” the material, Tolstoy initially borrows for his hero the surname of his paternal aunt P. I. Yushkova, in whose house he lived in his youth.

It is generally accepted that the image of Nekhlyudov is largely autobiographical, reflecting a change in the views of Tolstoy himself in the eighties, that the desire to marry Maslova is the moment of the theory of "simplification". And the introduction to the Gospel at the end of the novel is a typical "tolstoy"

It should be noted that in the works of Tolstoy, Dmitry Nekhlyudov from Resurrection had several literary predecessors. For the first time, a character with that name appears in Tolstoy back in 1854, in the story "Boyhood" (ch. XXV). In the story "Youth" he becomes best friend Nikolenka Irteniev - the protagonist of the trilogy. Here, the young Prince Nekhlyudov is one of the brightest characters: smart, educated, tactful. He is several years older than Nikolenka and acts as his senior comrade, helping him with advice and keeping him from stupid, rash acts.

Also Dmitry Nekhlyudov - main character Tolstoy's stories "Lucerne" and "Morning of the landowner"; you can add to them the story "Cossacks", in the process of writing which the name of the central character - Nekhlyudov - was replaced by Tolstoy with Olenin. - All these works are largely autobiographical, and Leo Tolstoy himself is easily guessed in the image of their main characters.

The central storyline of the novel

Tolstoyanism
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Arishima Gandhi Jarnefelt Crosby Konishi Maude Tokutomi
Bibliography
Resurrection· Confession · What is my faith · The kingdom of God is within you
Miscellaneous
Green stick Determination of the Synod Doukhobors Peasant Tolstoyans

In the district court, with the participation of jurors, a case is being heard about the theft of money and poisoning - which led to the death of the merchant Smelkov. Among the three accused of the crime is the petty bourgeois Ekaterina Maslova, who is engaged in prostitution. Maslova turns out to be innocent, but, as a result of a judicial error, she is sentenced to four years of hard labor in Siberia.

At the trial, among the jurors, there is Prince Dmitry Nekhlyudov, who recognizes in the defendant Maslova a girl, about ten years ago, seduced and abandoned by him. Feeling guilty before Maslova, Nekhlyudov decides to hire a well-known lawyer for her, file a case for cassation and help with money.

The injustice in court that struck Nekhlyudov and the attitude of officials towards this cause in him a feeling of disgust and disgust; to all the people with whom he has to see that day, after the judgment, and, especially, to the representatives of that high society that surrounds him. He thinks to get rid of swearing as soon as possible, from the society surrounding him and go abroad. And so, discussing this, Nekhlyudov recalls Maslova; first as a prisoner - as he saw her at the trial, and then, in his imagination, one after another, the minutes experienced with her begin to appear.

“You can’t leave the woman I loved and be satisfied with the fact that I will pay money to a lawyer and save her from hard labor, which she does not deserve ...”- Nekhlyudov says to himself, remembering how once he had already given her money, having committed meanness and paid off her with money. Now, recalling his life, Nekhlyudov feels like a scoundrel and a scoundrel, and begins to realize that all the disgust for people that he experienced all that day was, in essence, disgust for himself, for that idle and nasty life that he led and , naturally, found for himself a society of people leading the same life as he did. Wanting at all costs to break with this life, Nekhlyudov no longer thinks about abroad - which would be an ordinary flight. He decides to repent before Katyusha, to do everything to alleviate her fate, to ask for forgiveness. "as the children ask", and if necessary, then marry her.

In such a state of moral enlightenment, spiritual uplift and a desire to repent, Nekhlyudov comes to prison to meet with Katyusha Maslova, but, to his surprise and horror, he sees that the Katyusha whom he knew and loved has long died, her “There wasn’t, but there was only Maslova”- a street girl who looks at him with shiny "bad shine" with her eyes, as if she were looking at one of her clients, she asks him for money, and when he hands it over and tries to express the main thing with which he came, she does not listen to him at all, hiding the money she has taken from the matron in her belt.

"It's a dead woman" thinks Nekhlyudov, looking at Maslova. In his soul, for a moment, wakes up "tempter", who tells him that he will not do anything with this woman, and he just needs to give her money and leave her. But this moment passes. Nekhlyudov wins "tempter" remaining firm in his intentions.

Having hired a lawyer, Nekhlyudov draws up an appeal to the Senate and leaves for St. Petersburg in order to be present during the consideration of the case. But, despite all his efforts, the cassation is rejected, the votes of the senators are divided and the verdict of the court remains unchanged.

Responses

Direct use in literature close to the novel in time

Theatrical, operatic and cinematic productions of the novel

Theatrical drama productions

1930 - Moscow Art Theater (V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko)

Screen adaptations

- Resurrection / resurrection(USA). Directed by David Griffith Katyusha Maslova— Florence Lawrence, Dmitry Nekhlyudov— Arthur Johnson
- Resurrection - Russia
- Resurrection of a woman / A Woman's Resurrection(USA), director Gordon Edwards, Katyusha Maslova— Betty Nansen, Dmitry Nekhlyudov— William Kelly
- Katyusha Maslova - Russia, director Pyotr Chardynin, Katyusha Maslova- Natalia Lisenko
- Resurrection / Resurrection- Italy, directed by Mario Caserini, Katyusha Maslova— Maria Jacobini, Dmitry Nekhlyudov- Andrea Habei
- Resurrection / resurrection- USA, director Edward Jose, Katyusha Maslova— Pauline Frederic, Dmitry Nekhlyudov- Robert Elliott
- Resurrection / Resurrection France. Directed by Marcel L'Herbier
- Resurrection / resurrection- USA, director Edwin Karev, Katyusha Maslova— Dolores del Rio, Dmitry Nekhlyudov— Rod La Roque,
- Resurrection / resurrection- USA. Directed by Edwin Karev Katyusha Maslova— Lupe Velez, Dmitry Nekhlyudov- John Bowles
- Resurrection / Resurrección- USA, directors Eduardo Arazamena, David Selman. Katyusha Maslova— Lupe Velez, Dmitry Nekhlyudov— Gilbert Roland
- We are alive again / We live again- USA. Directed by Ruben Mamulyan Katyusha Maslova— Anna Stan, Dmitry Nekhlyudov Fredric March
- Resurrection / Resurrección- Mexico. Directed by Gilberto Martinez Solares
- Resurrection / Resurrection- Italy. Directed by Flavio Calzavara. Katyusha Maslova— Doris Duranti, Dmitry Nekhlyudov- Claudio Gora
- Resurrection / Auferstehung- France, Italy, Germany (FRG). Directed by Rolf Hansen Katyusha Maslova— Miriam Brew, Dmitry Nekhlyudov- Horst Buchholz
- "Resurrection" - the USSR. Directed by Mikhail Schweitzer. Katyusha Maslova- Tamara Semina, Dmitry Nekhlyudov- Evgeny Matveev
- Resurrection / Resurrection- Italy (TV series). Directed by Franco Enriquez
- Resurrection / Resurrection- Germany, France, Italy. Directed by Paolo Taviani, Vittorio Taviani. Katyusha Maslova— Stefania Rocca, Dmitry Nekhlyudov- Timothy Peach

Notes

Links

Bibliography of Leo Tolstoy
Novels	Family Happiness Decembrists War and Peace Anna Karenina Resurrection
Tale	(Trilogy) Childhood Boyhood Youth Two hussars Albert Morning of the landowner Cossacks Polikushka Kholstomer Notes of a madman Death of Ivan Ilyich Kreutzer Sonata Devil Father Sergius

Fulfilling a public duty, Nekhlyudov left to take part in the jury trial. The case of poisoning was heard, and suddenly Dmitry recognized her in one of the defendants - Katya Maslova, with whom he had once been in love and with whom he acted vilely and dishonorably. The presiding judge asked the standard questions, and soon a brief history of her life became known to the court. After long formalities - listing the witnesses, deciding on an expert and a doctor, reading the indictment - it became clear what had happened. A visiting merchant, Ferapont Emelyanovich Smelkov, suddenly died at the Mauritania Hotel.

Quotes from the book "Resurrection"

One of the most common and widespread superstitions is that each person has one of his own specific properties, that there is a person who is kind, evil, smart, stupid, energetic, apathetic, etc. People are not like that. We can say about a person that he is more often kind than evil, more often smart than stupid, more often energetic than apathetic, and vice versa; but it will not be true if we say about one person that he is kind or smart, and about another that he is evil or stupid. And we always divide people like that. And this is not true.

People are like rivers: the water is the same in all and the same everywhere, but each river is either narrow, or fast, or wide, or quiet ... So are people. Each person bears in himself the germs of all human qualities and sometimes manifests one, sometimes another, and is often completely different from himself, remaining one and himself.

It always hurts me terribly, terribly, to think that the people whose opinion I value are confusing me with the position in which I am.

All people live and act partly according to their own thoughts, partly according to the thoughts of other people. The extent to which people live according to their own thoughts and how much according to the thoughts of other people is one of the main differences between people.

For two years I did not write a diary and thought that I would never return to this childishness. And this was not childishness, but a conversation with oneself, with that true, divine self that lives in every person. All the time this I was sleeping, and I had no one to talk to.

There is always one minute in love between a man and a woman, when love reaches its zenith, when there is nothing conscious, rational and nothing sensual in it.

Sentence to penal servitude and the subsequent transformation of Dmitry's life

Dmitry found Ekaterina in the hospital. At the request of Nekhlyudov, she was nevertheless transferred there as a nurse. He was firm in his intention to marry this destitute woman.

And Katya fell in love with Simonson. He was a man acting on his own reasoning. He was against executions, wars and any killing - even animals, because he considered it a crime to destroy the living. This man with unique thinking also fell in love with Maslova - and not for the sake of sacrifice and generosity, like Nekhlyudov, but for who she is. Simonson’s confession to Nekhlyudov sounded like a bolt from the blue: “I would like to marry Catherine ...” He, like Dmitry, wanted to alleviate the fate of Maslova, whom he loved as a rare and suffering person.

The secret of a happy life
The Gospel says: "Seek first the Kingdom of God and its righteousness, and the rest will be added to you." And people look for the rest and do not find it.

This insight became for Nekhlyudov the beginning of a new, previously unknown life.

Epigraphs from the Gospels are very important in the novel.

Matt. Ch. XVIII. Art. 21. Then Peter came to him and said: Lord! how many times shall I forgive my brother who sins against me? up to seven times?

22. Jesus says to him: I do not say to you, up to seven, but up to seventy times seven.

John. Ch. VIII. Art. 7 ...he that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her.

Spring. In the prison yard, the fresh, invigorating aroma of the fields, brought by the wind to the city. But in the corridor and in the cells there is a musty, depressing typhoid air.

Call Katerina Maslova.

This is a short and very buxom young woman in a gray dressing gown, worn over a white jacket and a white skirt. Rings of curly black hair come out from under a white headscarf. White face, very black, shiny, somewhat swollen, but very lively eyes, one of which squinted a little.

Maslova was the daughter of an unmarried courtyard woman who gave birth every year and felt relieved when the children died.

The sixth child, a girl adopted by a gypsy, was healthy and pretty. The old lady took her to her. So she grew up with two old young ladies - a half-maid, a half-pupil.

They called her Katyusha. “She sewed, cleaned the rooms, cleaned the icons with chalk, roasted, ground, served coffee, made small laundry and sometimes sat with the young ladies and read to them.

They wooed her, but she did not want to marry anyone, feeling that her life with those working people who wooed her would be difficult for her, spoiled by the sweetness of the master's life.

The nephew of the old ladies seduced Katyusha, which did not require much effort, since she fell in love with him. In parting, he thrust a hundred-ruble note to her and left. Five months later, she realized she was pregnant.

Having quarreled with the young ladies, Katyusha moved to the city. There she gave birth easily, but contracted puerperal fever. The child is dead. Katyusha did not know how to handle money and was soon left without funds.

A series of changes began: Katyusha was lazy to work as a laundress, in the servants she was persecuted by husbands, brothers or sons of housewives, and therefore slipped, moving from one man to another, to the position of a prostitute.

I submitted to a medical examination and received a yellow ticket (a certificate that replaces a prostitute's passport). It seemed to her that this was a higher level than the laundress.

She entered a brothel and began to lead a life that for many women ends in "tormenting illnesses, premature decrepitude and death."

The decisive argument for Maslova was that she was promised that she could order any fashionable dresses for herself.

So Katyusha lived for six years.

Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Nekhlyudov, the same nephew who seduced her, lives the quiet life of a nobleman. The author implicitly opposes his fragrant soap, fragrant underwear, fragrant (rather greasy) body, and even the “smelling letter” he received to the mustiness of the prison where Maslova resides.

Nekhlyudov is a promising groom. Princess Korchagina is "hunting" for him, wanting to marry him. In addition, he has an affair with a married woman.

Nekhlyudov does not serve anywhere, he lives on the income from the estate. True, as a nobleman, he is periodically called upon to sit in court and engage in other social activities.

In a jury trial, Nekhlyudov feels superior to everyone just because he has the most fashionable suit and the cleanest underwear. It is strange to him that not everyone is aware of this superiority.

Both merchants and nobles are gathered in the jury. And many of them visit those “fun houses” where only six months ago Katyusha Maslova “worked”.

Most of them got acquainted with the case superficially or did not get acquainted at all. Even the prosecutor hastily writes out something just before the hearing.

Katyusha with her bright femininity, full breasts, black eyes and curls of hair attracts the attention of all men.

Nekhlyudov recognized Katyusha, although now she is called "the prostitute Lyubka." Dmitry "was completely absorbed in horror at what that Maslova, whom he knew as an innocent and lovely girl ten years ago, could do."

Katyusha is accused of poisoning the merchant in collusion with the hotel bellboy and his cohabitant to rob the merchant and taking his money and the ring, which she later tried to sell.

Katyusha does not admit that she stole the money, but yes, she did.

“He didn’t let me go,” she said after a pause. — I was exhausted with him. I went out into the corridor and said to Simon Mikhailovich: “If only he would let me go. Tired". And Simon Mikhailovich says: “We are tired of him too. We want to give him sleeping powders; he will fall asleep, then you will leave. I say: "Good." I thought it was not a harmful powder. He gave me the paper. I went in, and he was lying behind the partition and immediately ordered brandy to be served. I took a bottle of fin-champagne from the table, poured it into two glasses - for myself and for him, and poured the powder into his glass and gave it to him. Would I give if I knew.

Nekhlyudov recalls his life with his aunts: getting up early before dawn, swimming in the river. Walking in the fields, reading and working on a student essay... Clean, rich life!

“At that time, Nekhlyudov, brought up under the wing of his mother, at the age of nineteen was a completely innocent youth. He dreamed of a woman only as a wife. All the women who, according to his concept, could not be his wife, were not women for him, but people.

His feeling for Katyusha was pure, poetic. A game of burners, eyes as black as wet currants, a kiss under a white lilac bush ... He gave her her favorite books to read - she especially liked Turgenev's "Calm".

“He was sure that his feeling for Katyusha was only one of the manifestations of the feeling of joy of life that filled his whole being at that time, shared by this sweet, cheerful girl ...

Then he was an honest, self-sacrificing young man, ready to give himself to every good deed - now he was a depraved, refined egoist, loving only his own pleasure.

Ever since Nekhlyudov entered the military service, he had indulged in "the madness of selfishness."

The animal nature strangled the spiritual principle in him.

On the night after the bright Easter Sunday, he went to Katyusha's maid's room and took it in his arms to him. "The memory of this burned his conscience."

At the meeting of the jury, Nekhlyudov is most worried that Katyusha will not recognize him. When discussing the case, the jurors get confused and, wishing to alleviate the fate of Katyusha, incorrectly formulate their conclusion, forgetting to add "without the intention to take life."

Katyusha was sentenced to four years in hard labor.

Nekhlyudov tries to find out about the possibility of an appeal, but he is given to understand that this case is almost hopeless.

He visits the Korchagins' house - and Missy, who aims at his bride, and her mother seem to him hopelessly, disgustingly fake. He understands that disgust for them is disgust for himself.

Appearing to the prosecutor with a request to alleviate the fate of Katyusha, Nekhlyudov says something that should not be said:

“I deceived her and brought her to the position she is in now. If she had not been what I brought her to, she would not have been subjected to such an accusation. I want to follow her and... get married.

Katyusha Maslova recalls how, having learned that she was pregnant, she wanted to throw herself under a train, but the pushes of her unborn child stopped her. It was only from that terrible night that she stopped believing in goodness.

Nekhludoff got a meeting. It was noisy in the visiting room, freemen and prisoners called to each other through two bars, between which the guards walked.

Asking for forgiveness, talking about the main thing in such a situation is quite difficult. The caretaker agrees to give Nekhlyudov and Maslova a meeting in a separate room.

At this meeting, Nekhlyudov sees how terribly Katyusha has changed. She has not only come to terms with her position as a prostitute, she is even proud of it.

The world consists of men who desire her, which means that she is a very important person in society.

Nekhlyudov brings Katyusha a petition for a review of the case, which she must sign. He also announces his decision to marry her. Katyusha used the money she received from the owner of the brothel to buy vodka, which she shared with her cellmates. This makes her angry and irritated.

“You want to be saved by me,” she says. “You delighted in me in this life, but you want to be saved by me in the next world!” You disgust me, go away!

Later, however, Katyusha promises the prince not to drink more wine. He arranges for her to be a nurse in the children's department of the prison hospital, where the sick children of mothers serving sentences lie.

Nekhlyudov, at the request of Katyusha, and then at the behest of his own soul, begins to deal with the affairs of other prisoners: unjustly accused, political, sent to prison simply because their passports expired.

For some time, the prince goes to his estate, where he takes decisive steps to give the land to the peasants.

Arriving in St. Petersburg, he visits various influential people, interceding not only for mitigating the fate of Katyusha, but also for other prisoners.

Maslova's case is being considered in the Senate, and the verdict remains unchanged. Hard labor! Nekhlyudov sees all the lies and indifference of state justice. He firmly decides to follow Katyusha to Siberia. Sometimes he is afraid: what if there, in Siberia, he will lose faith in his rightness?

Returning to Moscow, Dmitry first of all goes to the prison hospital. He is told that Katyusha was expelled from the nurses and again transferred to prison, as she "started tricks with Fershal."

“Am I freed now by this act of hers?” Dmitry asked himself.

“But as soon as he asked himself this question, he immediately realized that, considering himself freed and leaving her, he would punish not her, which he wanted, but himself, and he became afraid.”

In fact, it was the paramedic who flirted with Katyusha, and she pushed him away so that flasks flew out of the cupboard with pharmacy utensils.

Maslova did not make excuses to the prince, she guessed that he would not believe her.

Nekhlyudov settles his affairs with the land and the peasants, leaving behind half of the income on one estate, says goodbye to his sister Natasha, who once understood his youthful dreams of good, and now, being married to a vulgar man, has become so mundane.

In the July heat, convicts set off on their journey. Some are accompanied by wives and children. At the station, one of the convicts dies from sunstroke - the burden on a person who had spent half a year or more in the twilight of a prison was too unusual.

The convict woman in the carriage begins to give birth, but no one cares about this - let her give birth, and then we'll see.

Nekhludoff says goodbye to his sister at the station and leaves on the next train. He travels in third class (in a shared carriage) with Taras, the husband of the woman who is about to give birth.

When a large party of workers enters the carriage, Nekhlyudov helps them sit down and gives up his seat to one of them. The workers marvel at the strange gentleman. And Dmitry recalls how one empty and coquettish noble woman spoke admiringly in French about someone just as empty and useless: “Oh, this is a man of great light!”

And Nekhlyudov thinks of the workers: "The real people of the big world are they!"

“The party with which Maslova walked traveled about five thousand miles. Before Perm, Maslova walked along railway and on a steamer with criminals, and only in this city did Nekhlyudov succeed in arranging for her to be transferred to political ...

Moving to Perm was very difficult for Maslova both physically and morally. Physically - from crowding, impurity and disgusting insects that did not give rest, and morally - from equally disgusting men who, just like insects, although they changed with each stage, were everywhere equally annoying, sticky and did not give rest .. .

Maslova was especially subjected to these attacks both because of the attractiveness of her appearance and because of her well-known past. That resolute rebuff, which she now gave to the men who molested her, seemed to them an insult and aroused in them even more bitterness against her.

“After the depraved, luxurious and pampered life of the last six years in the city and two months in a prison with criminals, life now with political ones, despite the severity of the conditions in which they were, seemed very good to Katyusha. Walking from twenty to thirty miles on foot with good food, a day's rest after two days of walking physically strengthened her; communication with new comrades opened up to her such interests in life, about which she had no idea. Such wonderful people, as she said, like those with whom she was now walking, she not only did not know, but could not even imagine.

“I was crying that I was sentenced,” she said. “Yes, I must thank God forever. She learned something she would never have known in her entire life.

She very easily and without effort understood the motives that guided these people, and, as a person of the people, she fully sympathized with them. She understood that these people were going for the people against the masters; and the fact that these people themselves were masters and sacrificed their advantages, freedom and life for the people, made her especially value these people and admire them.

Katyusha is especially influenced by Maria Pavlovna, the general's daughter, who renounced all the privileges of her estate for the benefit of the workers, and the serious Simonson, who fell in love with Maslova.

Katyusha responds vividly to this platonic love and tries to simply help everyone and “be good”.

Nekhlyudov found a way to get into the political barracks. Everyone lives there very friendly, they take care of each other, women clean up, men try to buy food. The politicals took in a little girl whose mother died at the stage, and everyone loves her dearly - like a daughter.

Simonson takes Nekhlyudov aside and informs him that he would like to marry Maslova - he loves her first of all as a person who has suffered a lot and wants to alleviate her situation.

Nekhlyudov says that Katyusha herself should decide, but marriage to Simonson is definitely a boon for her. However, the prince feels that Simonson's proposal, as it were, diminishes his own feat.

"If she married Simonson, his presence would become unnecessary, and he would have to draw up a new life plan."

In a conversation with Nekhlyudov, Katya hides her eyes, saying that she, a convict, will not marry either the prince or Simonson, because she does not want to spoil their lives.

Upon the arrival of the stage in the big Siberian city, Nekhlyudov goes to the post office and there he receives a letter: a request for highest name satisfied and hard labor is replaced by a settlement for Katyusha. He and Nekhlyudov can live together.

Before receiving this letter, Nekhlyudov was visiting the general and the young, ugly, but sweet general's daughter showed him her two children - and this family happiness touched the prince painfully. Having married Katya, he could not have had children in any way, given her past.

Nekhlyudov summons Katya to tell her about the letter.

“I want to live, I want a family, children, I want a human life,” flashed through his head.

Katya decided everything for herself: she will be Simonson's faithful companion - this is a special person. But the main thing is that she wants to free Nekhlyudov, loving and pitying him.

Nekhlyudov reads the Gospel, and it seems so clear to him “the idea that the only and indisputable means of salvation from that terrible evil from which people suffer was only that people admit that they are always guilty before God and therefore incapable of punishing, nor correct other people. It now became clear to him that all the terrible evil that he witnessed in prisons and prisons, and the calm self-confidence of those who produced this evil, happened only because people wanted to do the impossible thing: being evil, correcting evil ... Answer which he could not find was the one that Christ gave Peter: it consisted in always forgiving everyone, forgiving an infinite number of times, because there are no people who would not be guilty themselves and therefore could punish or fix...

From that night Nekhlyudov began to feel completely new life not so much because he entered into new conditions of life, but because everything that happened to him from then on acquired for him a completely different meaning than before. How this new period of his life will end, the future will show.

His last novel, "Sunday", Tolstoy wrote for 10 years. The work became a kind of creative result, and also opened up new prospects for the further development of art of the 20th century.

Composition

The composition of the work that Tolstoy wrote - "Sunday" - its content is based on the diverse and consistent opposition of the life of the people and masters. The author directly contrasts the conditions for the existence of Dmitry Nekhlyudov and Katyusha Maslova. Behind each element of the hero’s clothing, furnishings, household items, there is an idea of someone else’s labor with which they were obtained, which L.N. Tolstoy ("Sunday"). Short description These and other household items the author thus cites are not at all accidental.

Nekhlyudov completes the gallery of images created by Tolstoy throughout his entire career. However, now the hero is completely moving away from his environment, society, realizing over time the unnaturalness, abnormality, cruelty of the world around him. Meeting with Katyusha Maslova awakens a sense of remorse, the desire to make amends. All his further life and actions are correlated with the worlds of the people and masters - two opposite poles.

Narrative Features

The novel "Sunday" Tolstoy wrote in a peculiar manner. The narrative is completely devoid of epic calm. Dislikes and sympathies are expressed openly and clearly. Which allows us to talk about some return to the manner of narration of "War and Peace". The incorruptible and stern voice of the author-judge is heard, who accuses not specific representatives of society, but the whole world, which has crippled human souls and is also trying to mutilate nature.

This was the last novel that L.N. Tolstoy. "Sunday", summary according to the chapters of which is given in the article, it is not built at all on a love story, as it might seem at first glance. The work is determined by social, public issues. The survey, panoramic principle of narration captures various areas of life. One gets the impression of a close connection of all persons and events that are responsible for everything that happens in the world, to each other. This principle will be used in Tolstoy's subsequent works.

Book 1

The novel "Sunday" Tolstoy begins with the following events. One spring day, April 28, in one of the 1890s, a warden in a Moscow prison unlocks the lock on his cell and calls: "Maslova, on trial!"

The background of the heroine

The second chapter tells the story of this prisoner. The prisoner Maslova had the most ordinary life. She was born to an unmarried yard girl from a passing gypsy in the village to two landowner sisters. When her mother fell ill and died, Katyusha was only three years old. She was taken in by old ladies as a maid and pupil. When Katyusha was 16 years old, a rich prince, a nephew of the sisters, still an innocent young man, a student, Nekhlyudov, came to their village. The girl, not even daring to admit it to herself, fell in love with him.

And this is only the beginning of the events of the novel that Tolstoy wrote - "Sunday". Their summary is as follows. After several years, Nekhlyudov, having already been promoted to officer and corrupted by military service, stopped by the landowners on the way to the war and stayed in their house for 4 days. On the eve of his departure, he seduced Katyusha and left, handing her a note of one hundred rubles. Five months after his departure, the girl knew for sure that she was pregnant. She asked for a settlement, uttering rudeness to her sisters, in which she later repented, and they were forced to let her go. Katyusha settled in the same village with a widow-midwife who sold wine. The birth was easy. However, the midwife infected the heroine from a sick village woman, and the boy, her child, was decided to be sent to an orphanage, where he died immediately after his arrival.

On this backstory main character The novel does not finish describing Leo Tolstoy. "Resurrection", a summary of which we are considering, continues with the following events.

Maslova, who had already replaced several patrons by that time, was tracked down by a detective delivering girls to brothels. With Katyusha's consent, she took her to Kitaeva's popular house at that time. She was imprisoned in the seventh year of work in this institution, and now, together with thieves and murderers, they are being taken to court.

Nekhlyudov's meeting with Maslova

Dmitry Ivanovich Nekhlyudov, the prince, the same nephew of the landowners, at this time, lying in bed in the morning, recalls the events of yesterday evening at the famous and rich Korchagins, whose daughter, as planned and assumed, he should soon marry. A little later, after drinking coffee, he drives up to the court entrance and, putting on pince-nez, as a juror examines the defendants who are in the room, who are accused of poisoning a merchant for the purpose of robbery. Suddenly his gaze stops at one girl. "It can't be," Nekhlyudov says to himself. The black eyes that look at him remind the hero of something black and terrible. This is Katyusha, whom he saw for the first time, while still a third-year student, when, preparing an essay on land ownership, he spent the summer with his aunts. This is the same girl with whom he was once in love, and then seduced into a child of madness, abandoned and never remembered again, because the memory denounced the young man who was proud of his decency. But he still does not want to submit to the feeling of remorse that has arisen in him. Events seem to be just an unpleasant accident that cannot disturb a happy life today.

Court

However, the trial continues, the jury must announce their decision, says Tolstoy. "Sunday", the summary of which you are reading, continues as follows. Maslova, innocent of what she was suspected of, was recognized as such, just like her comrades, although with certain reservations. But even the chairman himself is surprised that, having stipulated the condition "without intent to rob," the jury forgets to announce another - "without intent to take life." According to their decision, it turns out that Maslova did not steal or rob, but nevertheless poisoned the merchant without any apparent purpose. As a result of this rude, she is sentenced to hard labor. Chapters 9 to 11, as well as 19 to 24 of the first book (Leo Tolstoy, "Resurrection") are devoted to the description of the trial.

Nekhlyudov is disgusted and ashamed after he returned home from his rich bride Missy Korchagina (who really wants to get married, and Nekhlyudov is a suitable match), and his imagination very clearly and vividly draws a prisoner with squinting black eyes. Marriage to Missy, which had recently seemed so inevitable and close, now seems absolutely impossible to the hero. Nekhlyudov asks in prayer to help the Lord, and the God who lived in him wakes up in his mind. He feels himself capable of all the best that a person can do. The hero especially likes the idea of sacrificing everything for his moral satisfaction and marrying Maslova.

Dates with Maslova

Let's continue to talk about the novel that Tolstoy wrote - "Sunday". A brief summary of it is as follows. The young man seeks a meeting with the defendant and, like a learned lesson, without intonation, tells her that he would like to atone for his sin and achieve her forgiveness. Katyusha is surprised: "What was, is gone." The hero expects that, having learned about his repentance and intention to serve her, Maslova will be touched and rejoice. To his horror, he notices that there is no former Katyusha, but only the prostitute Maslova. He is frightened and surprised that she is not only not ashamed of her current position as a prostitute (whereas the position of a prisoner seems humiliating to her), but is even proud of him as a useful and important activity, because so many men need her services.

The next time, finding her drunk during a visit to prison, the hero reports that, in spite of everything, he feels obliged to marry her in order to atone for his guilt by deed. Katyusha replies: "I'll hang myself soon." So, in chapter 48 of the first book of the novel written by Leo Tolstoy - "Resurrection", Maslova refuses to get married. But Nekhlyudov decides to serve her and begins to petition for the correction of the mistake and pardon. He even refuses to be from now on because he considers the court to be immoral and useless. The feeling of joy and solemnity of moral renewal disappears. He decides that he will not leave Maslova, will not change his decision to marry her if she herself wants, but this is painful and hard for him.

Book 2

We continue to talk about the work that Leo Tolstoy wrote - "Resurrection". Its summary also includes the second book. The events described in it are as follows. Nekhlyudov is sent to Petersburg, where the Senate will consider the case of Maslova. In case of failure, it is supposed, on the advice of a lawyer, to file a petition addressed to the sovereign. If this does not work, it is necessary to prepare for a trip to Siberia for Maslova. Therefore, the hero goes to the villages belonging to him to settle relations with the peasants. It was not abolished in 1861 living slavery. Not specific individuals, but the general slavery of small and landless peasants in relation to large landowners. Nekhlyudov understands how cruel and unfair this is. While still a student, he gave his father's land to the peasants, considering the possession of it as a grave sin as the possession of serfs had previously been. However, the legacy left by the mother again raises the question of ownership. Despite the upcoming trip to Siberia, for which money is needed, he decides to detriment to himself to lease the land to the peasants for a small fee, giving them the opportunity not to depend on the landowners in general. However, the hero sees that the peasants expect more, despite the words of thanks. He is dissatisfied with himself. For what exactly, he cannot say, but for some reason Nekhlyudov is always ashamed and sad.

Petersburg

Let's take a look at the summary. Tolstoy's "Resurrection" continues as follows. After a trip to the countryside, Nekhlyudov is disgusted by the environment in which he has lived until now, allowing the suffering of millions for the pleasure and convenience of a few people. In St. Petersburg, to the care of Maslova, there are also troubles for some other political, as well as sectarians, whom they want to exile to the Caucasus because they misinterpreted the Gospel. One day, after numerous visits, Nekhlyudov wakes up with the feeling that he is doing some nasty thing. He is beginning to be haunted by thoughts that his current intentions: giving land to the peasants, marrying Katyusha are unrealizable dreams, unnatural, artificial, and one should live as it has always been. However, the hero realizes that the present life is the only possible one for him, and a return to the old means death. Upon arrival in Moscow, he conveys to Maslova the decision of the Senate and reports on the need to prepare for departure to Siberia. The hero himself follows her. The second book is completed, so ends its summary. "Resurrection" Tolstoy continues the third book.

Book 3

The party with which the prisoner is walking has already passed about five thousand miles. She goes part of the way with the criminals, but Nekhlyudov succeeds in moving to the political ones, who are better settled, fed and subjected to less rudeness. Such a transfer improves Katyusha's situation also by the fact that men stop pestering her and finally it becomes possible to forget about the past, which she was constantly reminded of.

Two politicians walk beside her: Marya Shchetinina, good woman, as well as Vladimir Simonson, exiled to the Yakutsk region. The history of this hero is devoted to the fourth chapter of the third book (Tolstoy, "Sunday"). The current life after the luxurious, depraved and pampered that Katyusha led in last years in the city, despite the difficult conditions, it seems to her better. With good food, transitions physically strengthen it, and communication with comrades opens up new interests in life. She could not even imagine such wonderful people.

Maslova's new love

Katyusha loves Vladimir Simonson, and thanks to her feminine instinct, she soon guesses about it. The realization that she is able to evoke love in such an extraordinary person raises the heroine in her own opinion, makes her strive to be better. Simonson loves her for who she is, just like that, unlike Nekhlyudov, who proposes marriage out of generosity. When the latter brings news of a pardon he has obtained, she decides to stay where Vladimir Ivanovich Simonson will be. Maslova's solution is described in chapter 25, 3 "Sunday").

Nekhlyudov, feeling the need to remain alone and think about everything that had happened, arrives at one of the local hotels and walks around the room for a long time. Katyusha no longer needs him, the matter is over, but it is not this that torments him, but all the evil that he has seen lately. Nekhlyudov is aware of it, it torments him, demands activity. However, he does not see the possibility not only to defeat evil, but even to learn how to do it. The last, 28th, chapter 3 of the book (the novel "Sunday", Tolstoy L.N.) is devoted to the new life of Nekhlyudov. The hero sits down on the sofa and mechanically takes out the Gospel given by an Englishman passing by. Chapter 18 of Matthew opens. Since then, a completely different life begins for Nekhlyudov. How this new period for him will end is unknown, since Leo Tolstoy did not tell us about it.

Conclusion

After reading the work that Tolstoy wrote - "Sunday", a brief summary of it, we can conclude that it is necessary to destroy the bourgeois "cannibalistic" system at the root and free the people through revolution. However, the writer does not do it, because he did not understand and did not accept the revolution. Tolstoy preached the idea by violence. He wanted to shame the representatives of the ruling classes, to persuade them to voluntarily give up wealth and power.

The novel "Resurrection" by Tolstoy, a summary of which was presented in this article, ends with the author urging Prince Nekhlyudov to seek salvation in the Gospel. However, the entire content of the novel calls for a different conclusion - to destroy the vicious system of oppression and violence of the people and replace it with a just social order, in which all people will be free and equal, strife, poverty and wars will disappear, and exploitation of one person by another will become impossible.

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