Everyone knows such a literary genre as a fairy tale. This word comes from the verb "show" ("to say") and in the distant past meant a list or description. Currently, a fairy tale is a short, most often prose work about some fictional events.
There are two types of fairy tales: folklore and literary. The first type is legends that do not have a specific author and are composed by the people. The events taking place in the plot, as a rule, have no resemblance to reality, unlike some other genres of oral folk art: epics and historical songs.
Literary tales appeared much later. They belong to specific authors and are most often created on the basis of folk art, have similar characters, plot and style of narration.
Fairy tales are traditionally considered works for children. The main task of these works is to teach the child the rules of behavior in the family and society, a good attitude towards people and other moral principles. Fairy tales teach kindness, which always triumphs over evil.
Why read fairy tales?
Despite rapidly changing technological developed world XXI century, psychologists believe that modern children need fairy tales.
In addition to the obvious plus - learning and getting to know the world, several more arguments can be made in favor of this genre.
Fairy tales about kindness give children a positive attitude. After all, there is so much negativity in the world inspired by society: in kindergarten, school and even unsuspecting parents. It is enough to remember the phrase “You will become a janitor if you do not study” and its variations. In fairy tales, heroes also face difficulties, but they always find a way out.
Also, reading together with parents is a great way to spend a family evening. This activity brings together and unites, which is important, because in modern world people spend much less time with children than a couple of centuries ago.
How to choose a fairy tale for a child?
Acquaintance of the child with this genre should be started in accordance with his age. Long fairy tales about kindness with a complex plot and a large number of characters can be incomprehensible to young children. And those who are older are unlikely to be carried away by the banal “Ryaba Hen”.
Psychologists advise as the first fairy tales about kindness to offer the child simple stories about animals: "Gingerbread Man", "Kochet and Chicken", "Teremok".
As you grow up, you can move from Russian folklore to foreign and literary fairy tales: the works of the Brothers Grimm, Wilhelm Hauff, Hans Christian Andersen, Charles Perrault. In this case, an additional advantage will be that the child will get acquainted with the culture and traditions of other peoples.
When all known stories are read, you can turn to specialized Internet resources. On book portals like LiveLib, it's easy to choose kindness tales for kids.
folklore. "Grateful Bear"
"Grateful Bear" - Mordovian folk tale. This book is suitable for reading to children up to 5-6 years old.
According to the story, a certain girl was walking through the forest and suddenly met a bear. Frightened, she tried to run away from him, but fear fettered her entire body so that the girl could not move. But the bear didn't want to hurt her. All he did was hold out his wounded paw, which had a splinter in it. The girl pulled it out and the bear left.
After some time they met again. The beast carried in its paws a hive with honey from wild bees. He placed it in front of the girl and disappeared again. The girl took this hive and took it to her village: there was so much honey that it was enough for all the inhabitants.
The moral of this fairy tale about kindness is obvious, but important: you must always help those who need it, and also return kindness for kindness.
"You won't be fed up with stolen goods"
This Belarusian folk tale teaches one of the most important moral principles: do not take someone else's.
The father decided that it was time for his two sons to find a calling in life. The older young man, seeing a smithy in a neighboring village, decided that he wanted to earn money by blacksmithing. This made the father happy.
But the younger one could not decide on the desired profession so quickly: he did not like anything. Once he had the idea to steal oxen from a shepherd, because this is an easy and profitable occupation.
The first ox was stolen, and it was time to cook dinner from its meat. The youngest son could not calm down and get rid of the thought that he was noticed while stealing - he constantly looked around and was nervous.
Before sitting down at the table, the father offered to take measurements and find out who would be more kind from what he had eaten.
After some time, it turned out that the son lost half his weight, because he always thought about stealing while eating and was afraid of being caught. The title of this tale fully reflects its main conclusion.
"The Carpenter and the Cat"
Like The Grateful Bear, this Japanese tale of kindness is simple yet deeply meaningful. She teaches that one should not leave loved ones in a difficult situation, but one should strive to help them.
In ancient times, there lived a carpenter who had a cat. The owner loved his pet and brought fish to the cat every day. In turn, the cat also loved the carpenter.
Everything was going well, but one day something bad happened. The man found that he was beginning to go blind - due to a strange disease or old age. The carpenter could no longer work and had no money for anything, including fish for the cat.
But, despite the fact that she had nothing to eat, the cat did not leave its owner. One night she climbed onto the bed and began to lick the carpenter's eyes. After some time, a miracle happened, and the man regained his sight.
Literary tales on the theme of kindness. Works by Charles Perrault
The authorship of the French writer Charles Perrault belongs to such popular stories as "Puss in Boots", "The Boy with a Thumb", "The Gingerbread House", "Little Red Riding Hood" and others. Some of them were included in the famous collection "Tales of Mother Goose".
Many of his fairy tales about kindness have been repeatedly filmed - for example, Cinderella and the Glass Slipper and Sleeping Beauty.
Most fairy tales, along with fables, belong to the so-called genre of low literature. However, the works of Charles Perrault are exceptions. This author was the one who could in simple words, understandable for children, to convey a deep meaning, without forgetting about humor where it is appropriate. Children can be introduced to the fairy tales of Charles Perrault at the age of 5-6 years.
Hans Christian Andersen
Tales of the Danish writer Hans are known all over the world and amaze with their seriousness, depth and touchingness. Stories about the Little Mermaid, Thumbelina, Snow Queen and The Steadfast Tin Soldier were read by entire generations of children. These tales can safely be called masterpieces. They have also been made into films and cartoons.
Despite the fact that the fairy tale as a whole is positioned as a genre for children, the works of Hans Christian Andersen will also be appreciated by adults. All stories contain a multifaceted meaning, which each reader will perceive in his own way.
Gianni Rodari
Many people know this Italian writer as the author of The Adventures of Cipollino and Gelsomino in the Land of Liars, but in addition to these stories, Gianni Rodari also created many more fairy tales about kindness for children.
These stories are full of funny humor and cheerfulness. Rodari was a talented author and had a truly inexhaustible imagination. His fairy tales bring up in children such qualities as courage, masculinity, honesty, kindness, optimism and self-confidence. Gianni Rodari always wanted his young readers, regardless of the chosen life path grew up to be real people.
All adults read fairy tales to their children. And this is a very correct decision, since it is with the help of fairy tales that it is easiest to explain to a child what is good, what is bad. Classic children's stories are often funny and instructive, with many colorful illustrations, and can be purchased at any bookstore.
It is not surprising that adults also like fairy tales, and they enjoy spending time reading a book, plunging headlong into the world of fairy tales. Below are the most popular classic fairy tales that each of us must have read in childhood:
1. "Ugly duckling"
The Ugly Duckling is a fairy tale written by the Danish prose writer and poet, author of world famous fairy tales for children and adults, Hans Christian Anderson (1805-1875). The fairy tale tells about a little duckling, which is constantly offended by other inhabitants of the poultry yard. But this does not last long, because over time the little duckling turns into a beautiful white swan - the most beautiful bird of all. This tale is liked by both adults and children, because it shows personal growth, transformation, change into a beautiful, more better side.The tale, along with three of Anderson's other works, was first published on November 11, 1843 in Copenhagen, Denmark, to a very critical reception by the public. However, the fairy tale was immediately included in the repertoire of the opera house, a musical was staged based on the fairy tale, and an animated film was also shot. This work does not belong to folklore or to folk tales, since it was coined by Hans Christian Anderson.
This is one of those fairy tales, after reading which, we understand that we are not what we seem at first glance. We are all different, we are all different from each other, but it is one thing to know that you are not like the others, and another thing to be surprised at your own, unexpected, beautiful reincarnation. Each of us must learn to forgive ourselves past mistakes, learn to change for the better and strive for self-development and self-knowledge.
2. "The Boy Who Shouted 'Wolf'"
The entertainment for the boy, the main character of this tale, was to lie to the people from his village about the wolf, who supposedly was going to eat the flock of sheep that the boy was tending. He shouted "Wolf!", but in fact there was no wolf when people from the village came to help. The boy was amused by this situation and he laughed at those who came to his aid. It so happened that once a wolf did come to profit from a flock of sheep. When the boy began to call for help, no one from the village paid attention to this, as everyone decided that the boy was lying again. Ultimately, he lost all his sheep. The moral of this tale is this: Never undermine the trust of people, as it is sometimes very difficult to restore it.
3. "Thumbelina"
The fairy tale "Thumbelina" (Dan. Tommelise), written by Hans Christian Anderson, was first published on December 16, 1835 by K.A. Reitzel in Copenhagen, Denmark. Together with the fairy tales "Bad Boy" and "Satellite", "Thumbelina" was included in the second collection called "Tales Told for Children". In his fairy tale, the author tells about the adventures of the tiny girl Thumbelina, about her acquaintance with the family of toads, the cockchafer, and about her marriage to a mole. Thumbelina goes through a lot of trials and at the end of the tale marries the king of the elves of flowers, who was as small as Thumbelina herself. This fairy tale is one of the most famous in the world. Children like to read about the adventures of a little girl, about her not an easy journey. With his fairy tale, the author wanted to convey to us that the most important thing is not what awaits you at the end of your journey, but what happens to you during your journey.
4. "Elves and the shoemaker"
Always be friendly and kind! Don't forget to say "Thank you" and really be grateful. These are the main tips that the Brothers Grimm's fairy tale "The Elves and the Shoemaker" gives us. Fairytale elves helped the shoemaker to make very beautiful shoes, which were madly in love with many wealthy people. In the end, the Shoemaker became very rich selling wonderful pairs of shoes to the townspeople, but he did not become arrogant and always said words of gratitude and was very respectful of the little creatures that once helped him realize his cherished dreams. Never forget to say "Thank you" to the people around you, and you will be rewarded for your respectful attitude hundreds of times more than you expected.
5. "Hansel and Gretel"
This is a fairy tale about young Hansel and Gretel, brother and sister, about their courage and how they overcame the spell of an old cannibal witch. But the lesson that this tale bears most likely applies to adults, namely to fathers. The moral is this: a man, if he marries a second time, should be very responsible in choosing a second wife, especially if he has children from his first marriage; the future wife should not want to get rid of the children.
6. Puss in Boots
"Puss in Boots" is a very famous European fairy tale, which is about a cat with unusual abilities and a sharp mind. The cat, with the help of cunning and thanks to his business acumen, helps his poor and rootless owner to get what he wanted: power, wealth and the hand of the princess. The tale was written at the end of the seventeenth century by the French author of fairy tales for children, Charles Perrault, a retired civil servant and also a member of the French Academy. Another version of the tale called "Cagliuso" was published in 1634 by Giovanni Battista Basile. This version of the tale, in printed form and with illustrations, appeared two years before Perrault's version appeared in 1967, included in a collection of eight tales called Histoires ou contes du temps passé. The Charles Perrault version was published by Barbin. The collection of fairy tales was a great success, and the fairy tale about Puss in Boots remains one of the most beloved in the world to this day.
Everything is possible to get with the help of charm and a bit of cunning - this is the main idea that the author wanted to convey to the reader. The tale tells of a cat that was inherited from his father by a poor young man. Thanks to intelligence, skill and ingenuity, the cat helped his owner to live better, rich life. He found new clothes for the young man, helped to impress the king, the cat even coped with the ogre, fooling him and turning him into a mouse.
7. "The King's New Dress"
"The King's New Dress" (Dan. Keiserens nye Klæder) is a short fairy tale by the Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen about two weavers who promised the King to sew for him such a dress that would be invisible to people who do not correspond to the King in rank - people are stupid, incompetent, poor . When the King walked in his new outfit among ordinary people, one little boy said: "The King is naked!" The tale has been translated into hundreds of languages around the world. When you need advice or opinion on something, ask your child. The child will answer you honestly, tell the truth without hiding. In fact, the King was not wearing any new clothes, but the people on the street preferred to pretend to admire the new outfit, everyone was afraid to look like a fool. Only one small child sincerely told the truth.
We all come from childhood and are well aware that children need fairy tales for a better worldview and development. The benefits of fairy tales are simply invaluable, as the child is immersed in the world of magic and miracles, together with his favorite characters he experiences every situation, every adventure, this is what allows him to develop imagination and memory.
Novokovskaya Svetlana, 4th grade student of MKOU Kuibyshevskaya secondary school of the Petropavlovsk district of the Voronezh regionSupervisor: Radchenkova Tamara Ivanovna, teacher primary school MKOU Kuibyshevskaya secondary school of the Petropavlovsk district of the Voronezh region
Description: This story was written by a 4th grade student. This work can be used as primary school teachers in the study literary tales, when organizing creative activity students and kindergarten teachers when conducting classes with children. The fairy tale will also be of interest to parents of kids who instill in children a love of reading, oral folk art, and a literary fairy tale.
Target:
Raising interest in literary fairy tales.
Tasks:
- To form a special perception of the world, relations between people.
- Develop oral speech children, imagination, creativity.
- To instill a love of books, a desire to read and compose fairy tales on their own.
- To cultivate a sense of tolerance, a kind and cordial attitude towards people, a sense of compassion, the desire to always come to the rescue, to be a true friend, a sensitive comrade.
I will tell you a fairy tale, or maybe just a fairy tale story that happened to one very capricious boy ...
It was not in a fairy-tale kingdom, not in an overseas state, but in an ordinary small town, which you can’t even find on the map.
Once upon a time there was a family: a mother and her son. Mom loved her son very much, read good stories to him at night, often played with him, walked around the city.
But the boy grew up spoiled, capricious. He constantly cried, screamed, puffed out his cheeks and lips when he did not like something.
The boy loved to have all his whims fulfilled. Mom had a very hard time with him. She worked hard to raise her son. All the neighbors said about the boy's mother that she was a very good, hardworking, polite woman, and they also said that she was friends with the Kind Word. A kind word never left a woman alone.
It was always there, gave advice, supported. And when mother tried to calm her naughty son, a kind word encouraged mother, helped her. And the son did not like it very much when someone interfered with him.
He was jealous of his mother for the Kind Word, did not want it to come into his room. The boy expected that his mother would only listen to him, always admire him and fulfill all his desires.
One day, late in the evening, when ordinary children had already had magical dreams, our boy was again capricious. This time he really wanted a real star to burn in his room, at the top of the Christmas tree, which was now looking out the window of his room with a condemning look.
The boy cried, threw toys around the room, shouted, and then sat on the floor and moved his feet along the carpet for a long time. Mom patiently looked at her son’s next whim and said: “It must be very beautiful when a real Christmas star burns on the Christmas tree. But not to everyone she can go down, son. Stars fall from the sky for happiness. And our happiness lies in doing good to others. A kind word stood next to my mother and nodded her head in agreement. And the baby continued to scream, not hearing the words of his mother.
Mom wished her son good night, kissed him in tear-stained eyes and went to her room. As soon as mom and Good Word left the room, the boy stopped crying. Why cry if no one can hear you? He put a chair up to the window and looked up at the sky, at the bright star. She seemed to wink at him. The boy waved his hand to her and went to sleep. In the morning he woke up, but no one came to kiss him and say hello to him. He lay down for a bit and got out of bed. I wanted to eat and the boy went to the kitchen. But there was no mother in the kitchen.
There was nothing on the stove. The boy could not understand why his mother had not prepared his favorite breakfast for him. But there was a very frightening silence around - mother was nowhere to be found.
Then he himself decided to go up to his mother's room. When the son opened the door to the room, he saw his mother lying in bed. She had a fever. She moaned. And a Kind Word sat next to her and encouraged her mother, told her that she had to hold on, that she was strong and would definitely overcome the disease, because her son really needed her.
And how we need kind words!
More than once we have seen this for ourselves,
Or maybe not words - deeds are important?
Deeds are deeds, and words are words.
They live with each of us
At the bottom of the soul until the time is stored,
To pronounce them at that very hour,
When others need them.
And the boy stood there, not knowing what to do. He really did not like the Kind Word, which constantly accompanied his mother. The boy wanted his mother to be only his. He stepped closer and leaned over his mother.
“Drink,” Mom whispered softly.
- Please bring some water and potion to your mother, it is in the refrigerator, - said the Kind Word.
“Bring it yourself,” the boy replied rudely.
“Unfortunately, I can only speak, give advice, support, but I can’t bring anything,” the Kind Word answered with sadness in his voice.
The boy puffed out his lips capriciously and silently stood near the bedside of his sick mother. She groaned softly again, she had a high fever. Then the boy reluctantly wandered downstairs, poured water into a glass and took medicine from the refrigerator. He went up to his mother's room and helped her drink the potion.
“Thank you, son,” mum whispered softly. The boy said "thank you" for the first time. He had never heard such words. His heart pounded and his eyes lit up. He took his mother by the hand and kissed her.
“The good deed you have done will definitely help your mother,” said the Kind Word.
No matter how life flies
Do not regret your days
Do a good deed
For the happiness of people.
To make the heart burn
And not smoldering in the mist
Do a good deed
That's how we live on earth.
Now, every new day, the boy began with a good deed: he warmed the kettle, brought hot tea to his mother. For several days, the kid and Kind Word treated a sick woman. And every night a magic star lit up my mother's room with a very bright blue color.
Mom soon got better. The son continued to help her, washed the dishes, put his toys in their places and did not act up. The good deed never left him. They became so friendly that the boy could not live a day without doing a good deed.
And on Christmas night, when mom went into her son's room, they saw together an unusual sight - on the top of the Christmas tree, an asterisk was burning in bright blue. She seemed to be smiling at mother and son.
- You see, son, the star itself has found you. And the night today is unusual, fabulous. This star will always fulfill all your desires, if you yourself try to fulfill the desires of others, help people, be friends with good deed.
- Mom, I liked giving you joy, helping you so much that now I will always listen to the advice of the Kind Word, be friends with the Good Deed and try to live in such a way that the star on Christmas night always descends to me on the Christmas tree.
Since then, the kid and the Good Deed have become inseparable friends. Already everyone in the town began to call the boy Good deed. So they live in this small town mother, Good word and Good deed.
We all grew up with fairy tales. These wonderful stories, in which magic intertwined with intrigue, good always triumphed over evil, numerous adventures and terrible dangers awaited the heroes, excited our imagination and made our dreams more colorful and exciting. In childhood, our parents or grandparents read to us, and now many of us read fairy tales for our own children.
Fairy tales for toddlers are not just a good time or a way to put children to sleep, they are a very effective and yet unobtrusive method of teaching. The benefits of reading are known to everyone, and this applies not only to some teaching materials but also the simplest invented stories. A daily bedtime story for a child can do wonders for their development. He will become more attentive and diligent, because in order to listen to the story to the end, you need a lot of patience. Vocabulary will be replenished with a wide variety of new words and speech turns. He will learn to reflect and think about the consequences of his own and others' actions. Not to mention how fairy tales develop the imagination, relax and even motivate. Children who learn to love fairy tales as children will no doubt carry this love of books into adulthood.
What do fairy tales teach?
Fairy tales give the child a first impression of the world and human relationships. Yes, we are talking about imaginary worlds and imaginary people, but the situations in which the heroes of children's stories find themselves invariably carry some kind of morality or a good example for the younger generation. The fact that good always triumphs over evil is perhaps the most terrible cliché for adults, but for children it is the only correct option. They often associate themselves with the heroes of not only books, but also comics, who tirelessly save people and fight evil. Many of our ideals and moral values come from fairy tales that have taught us from a young age what is good and what is bad:
- Kindness, justice, generosity, selflessness - the qualities of a true hero. Children who want to be like their favorite hero will strive to develop good qualities in themselves.
- Villains sooner or later have to answer for their actions.. In fairy tales, villains are always deceitful, cowardly and cruel people. And always, without exception, their villainy comes to an end. Simply put, they show children how not to behave and that bad deeds are punished as a result.
- Heroes, too, not everything comes easily and immediately, they have to overcome difficulties on their way.. The fact that even mighty heroes and princesses have to work and make a lot of efforts to win teaches children that nothing in life is given just like that, that diligence is necessary even for those who are naturally talented and strong
- Anyone can be a hero. Often in fairy tales, a good-natured and simple-minded guy becomes a hero, over whom everyone made fun at the beginning. People who are often underestimated can also triumph, the main thing is not to pay attention to ridicule and not allow others to lower themselves and their abilities.
- Strength isn't everything. Of course, everyone loves fairy tales about heroes who can uproot a hundred-year-old oak with one hand and slaughter a dragon with the other. But physical superiority does not always help to find a way out of the situation. It is important to be quick-witted and smart in order to be able to outwit your enemies.
- Coping alone is not always possible. The ability to make friends, help each other and work in a team is one of the most important knowledge that a growing member of society needs. Like it or not, a person constantly has to communicate with someone, work with someone and get along, so fairy tales so often focus on teamwork, letting the child understand that no matter how strong the main character is, he also needs help and support from friends.
What are the best stories to read?
It's never too early to start reading fairy tales to your child. Fairy tales for children vary by age, but it's best to start as early as possible. Of course, at the very beginning, the newborn will not understand the meaning of your words, so it doesn’t matter which fairy tales you read to him. The soothing voice of a mother or father will help the child relax. Up to one year, you can recite or sing little rhymes, songs, show your baby color pictures. Then move on to the simplest classic stories like everyone's favorite "Kolobok". Stories about animals with beautiful illustrations are best suited.
After 3 years, you can already bring people into the picture, how they interact with animals, among themselves. At the same time, the plot is still simple and clear with a predictable happy ending. From the age of 4, you can already diversify the stories a little. Bring a little magic and miracles, show the child new worlds where everything is different. And from the age of 5, move on to more complex and exciting tales with adventures, heroes, wizards and other fairy tales.
If you run out of books or collections, you can always find new fairy tales for children on the Internet. Or try to come up with a story together.