main verbs in English.

It is unlikely that anyone will argue with the fact that real actions are much more important in life than abstract concepts. If we transfer this statement to the language system, it turns out that the dominant role in speech is assigned to verbs. In almost every sentence we have there are semantic verbs, without which the phrase would be empty, because they denote main idea statements. Therefore, today we will look at the very root of foreign speech, i.e. learn verbs in English language and practice using them. In the article we present the most useful words for beginners in learning English and popular phrasal verbs for an advanced level of knowledge.

Before starting to study lexical examples, let's consider the grammatical features of this part of speech.

Meaning

English verbs carry the most important functional load. They not only convey the actual main idea of ​​the statement, but are also responsible for indicating the time of the events. Only by the form of the predicate can one distinguish the sentences of the Present from the statements about the Future and the Past, because all other parts of speech in English remain unchanged.

• I write a book-Iwritingbook.
• We will write a book-Wewritebook.
• He wrote a book-Hewrotebook.

Please note that, unlike Russian speech, the English plural and singular verb forms are the same. In general, the category "plural" in English is typical only for nouns and pronouns. And verbs are distinguished by types and tense forms.

Classifications

In this subsection, we consider the grammatical types of verbs in English.

According to the structure, simple and complex verbs are distinguished. The first includes all representatives of monosyllabic verbs ( run, bake, write), and the second group consists of polysyllabic words with prefixes, suffixes or two stems ( misunderstand, memorize, kick start).

By purpose, all verbs of the English language are divided into semantic and auxiliary constructions. Semantic verbs are distinguished by the presence of their own lexical meaning: drive- drive, read - read, go - go. Auxiliary words play only the role of a link, denoting not an action, but a state / presence / characteristic.

• John seems tiredtodayJohn looks tired today.
• She is my girlfriend-She ismygirlfriend.

Connective constructions also include the class of modal verbs that express abilities or motivation to act.

• We can speakRussian– We can speak Russian.
• I must tellmywifethetruth“I have to tell my wife the truth.

In some teaching aids You can find a classification into strong and weak verbs. It is based on the ability to form interrogative and negative sentences. For weak verbs, in this case, the auxiliary do is used, and strong verbs are able to create a negation and a question on their own.

• Do you read this newspaper? -Youreadingthisnewspaper?
• Is he teacher? -Heteacher?

Very few words are among the strong ones: to be, do, have got, will, shall and modal verbs.

Forms

All English verbs have four grammatical forms: Infinitive, Past Tense and Past and Present Participles. These forms are used to form temporary constructions, of which there are more than a dozen in English. Details on how the English use verb forms can be found in the category "English verb tenses".

Verbs in English - top 100

Now let's digress from grammar and focus on the main thing: consider a list of popular English verbs for beginners. With it, of course, you will not immediately turn into skilled translators, but you will get the basic knowledge of the entry level.

It is assumed that students of varying degrees of preparedness will work with the list in English. To make it easier for beginners, we will present verbs with translation into Russian, and they will help to correct pronunciation English transcription and approximate Russian sound.

So, below is a table containing the 100 most used English verbs with transcription in two languages ​​and translation.

№	Word	English transcription	Russian sound	Translation
1	add	[æd]	[ed]	add, add, increase
2	answer	[ˈɑːnsə(r)]	[Ansuer]	respond
3	become		[bikam]	become
4	begin		[bigIn]	start off
5	believe		[bilive]	believe, trust
6	break		[break]	break, smash
7	buy		[by]	buy, acquire
8	call		[count]	call, call
9	change		[change]	change, change
10	choose		[chuz]	choose, prefer
11	come		[cam]	come, arrive
12	connect		[canEct]	connect, connect, connect
13	cook		[cook]	cook a dish
14	cost		[cost]	cost, have a price
15	dance		[dance]	dance
16	do		[du]	do, perform
17	doubt		[dout]	doubt
18	drink		[drink]	drink
19	drive		[drive]	drive, drive a car
20	eat		[it]	eat, eat
21	fall		[foul]	fall, fall
22	fear		[fie]	be afraid, feel fear
23	feel		[Phil]	feel, feel
24	find		[find]	find, count
25	finish	[ˈfɪnɪʃ]	[the finish]	finish, end
26	fly		[fly]	fly
27	get	[ɡet]	[get]	receive, receive
28	give	[ɡɪv]	[giv]	give, provide
29	go	[ɡəʊ]	[go]	go, go, go
30	grow	[ɡrəʊ]	[grow]	grow, become
31	hate		[hate]	hate, annoy
32	have		[have]	to have, to possess, to own
33	hear		[hie]	hear
34	help		[help]	to help
35	hurt		[hyeot]	harm, hurt, offend
36	invite	[ɪnˈvaɪt]	[invite]	invite
37	keep		[kip]	keep, store
38	kiss		[kiss]	kiss
39	know		[know]	know
40	laugh		[lauf]	laugh
41	learn		[leoyeon]	learn, learn
42	let		[years]	allow, permit
43	like		[like]	like
44	listen	[ˈlɪsn]	[lisn]	listen, heed
45	live		[liv]	live, reside
46	look		[onion]	look, look
47	lose		[loose]	lose, lose
48	love		[love]	be in love
49	make		[make]	do, produce
50	meet		[mit]	meet, meet
51	miss		[mis]	miss, get bored
52	move		[movie]	move, move
53	need		[nid]	to need
54	offer	[ˈɒfə(r)]	[ofe]	suggest
55	open	[ˈəʊpən]	[Open]	open
56	pay		[pei]	pay, pay
57	plan		[plan]	plan, intend
58	play		[play]	play
59	push		[push]	push, repel
60	put		[put]	put, place
61	read		[read]	read
62	repeat		[ripit]	repeat
63	respect		[RISPECT]	respect, honor
64	run		[wound]	run, run
65	say		[sai]	to tell
66	search		[seoch]	seek, look for
67	see		[si]	see
68	seem		[Sim]	seem
69	send		[sand]	send, send
70	show	[ʃəʊ]	[show]	show
71	sing		[sing]	sing
72	sit		[sit]	sit down, sit
73	sleep		[slip]	sleep
74	smell		[smiled]	smell, smell
75	smile		[smile]	smile
76	speak		[speak]	speak, talk
77	spend		[span]	spend, spend (time)
78	stand		[stand]	stand, get up
79			[tyon]	turn
87	understand	[ˌʌndəˈstænd]	[AndestEnd]	understand
88	use		[sw]	to use, to use, to use
89	visit	[ˈvɪzɪt]	[visit]	visit, visit
90	wait		[waite]	wait, expect
91	wake		[wake]	wake up, wake up
92	walk		[walk]	go for a walk
93	want		[want]	to want
94	wash		[wash]	wash
95	watch		[watch]	watch, watch
96	wear		[ue(r)]	dress, wear
97	win		[Win]	win, win
98	wish		[wish]	want
99	work		[wok]	work
100	write		[right]	write

In the presented table, all verbs are given only in the infinitive form. This format will be quite enough for the first stage of training, because. too much information leads to confusion and turns classes into crazy cramming. Once you have mastered the minimum amount of vocabulary and grammar, then you can move on to the study of verb tenses and the rules for the formation of forms.

Phrasal verbs in English

A separate layer of vocabulary and grammar is phrasal verbs in English. They are combinations of verbs with prepositions or adverbs, which in this bundle have a stable semantic meaning. In other words, this is a whole phrase, and in no case is a set of individual words.

Drawing an analogy with the Russian language, English phrasal verbs can partly be compared with our phraseological units. They are also often not at all connected with the usual meaning of the words used and are used as habitual turns of colloquial speech. In such expressions, one should not look for logic and hidden meanings, it is much more effective to simply memorize the composition of the phrase and the translation of its meaning.

We invite you to start studying right now. Below are 50 frequently occurring phrasal verbs in English with Russian translation. These beautiful phrases will enrich your speech and help you get closer to the true British mentality.

№	Phrasal verb	Translation
1	be back (come back*)

In any language, the verb is the most important part of speech. Verbs convey intention, desire, they give movement. Without verbs, it is impossible to logically formulate any thought.

I can, I want, I will!

Undoubtedly, the more verbs a person knows, the richer his oral speech. But when we learn a foreign language, learning verbs is very difficult. However, memorizing thousands of verbs is superfluous; in ordinary life they are rarely required and you can do without them perfectly. It is necessary to learn only the most important and most used.

It cannot be said that there are words that are not worth learning at all, since everything is worth learning. However, there are 100 most important and necessary verbs that you must know!

There are a lot of Spanish verbs in the language, but not all of them are equally often used in speech. The table below compiles the most common Spanish verbs with the corresponding Russian translation.

Comment: we will not consider here ordinary and simple semantic verbs such as comer(there is) , beber(drink), dormir(sleep) - they need to be memorized as soon as they first catch your eye!

1	abrir	open
2	acabar	end (s), end (s)
3	aceptar	accept
4	Alcanzar	achieve
5	aparecer	appear
6	ayudar	to help
7	bus car	search
8	caer	fall
9	cambiar	to change (to)
10	comenzar	start off
11	comprender	understand
12	conocer	know
13	conseguir	reach, achieve
14	considerar	ponder
15	contar	count
16	convertir	to turn (to)
17	correr	run; run away
18	crear	create
19	creer	believe
20	cumplir	follow; to execute, to carry out
21	dar	give
22	deber	be to
23	decir	to tell
24	dejar	leave
25	descubrir	open
26	dirigir	guide; convert; send
27	empezar	to begin
28	encontrar	find
29	entender	understand
30	entrar	enter
31	escribir	write
32	escuchar	listen
33	esperar	wait
34	estar	be
35	estudiar	study; to study
36	existir	exist
37	explicar	explain
38	formal	form
39	ganar	earn; win
40	gustar	like
41	hablar	speak
42	hacer	make
43	intentar	try
44	ir	go
45	jugar	play
46	leer	read
47	levantar	get up
48	llamar	call for
49	llegar	arrive; come, come
50	llevar	wear, carry; relate
51	lograr	reach, achieve something )
52	mantener	support
53	mirar	look
54	morir	die
55	nacer	be born
56	necesitar	to need
57	ocurrir	take place
58	ofrecer	suggest
59	oir	hear
60	pagar	to pay
61	parecer	seem
62	partir	divide, separate
63	pasar	pass; move
64	pedir	ask
65	pensar	think
66	perder	lose
67	permitir	let
68	poder	be able
69	poner	place, put; put on
70	preguntar	to ask
71	presentar	introduce
72	producer	produce
73	quedar	stay
74	querer	to want
75	realizar	fulfill
76	recibir	receive
77	reconocer	to admit
78	recorder	remember
79	resultar	turn out, turn out
80	saber	know
81	sacar	extract, take out
82	salir	go out
83	seguir	to follow
84	sentir	feel
85	ser	be
86	servir	serve
87	suponer	assume
88	Tener	have
89	terminar	end
90	tocar	touch
91	tomar	take; take; accept
92	trabajar	work
93	traer	bring
94	tratar	enjoy; communicate
95	usar	use, use, apply
96	utilizar	enjoy; use
97	Venir	come
98	ver	look
99	vivir	live
100	volver	return; come back

I'm taking an English course "Pioneer". I would like to write about my teacher Yana. I really like the way she teaches. In addition to the textbook, she brings additional learning material, grammar exercises. Classes are so interesting that I do not notice how time flies. Yana is a very attentive and knowledgeable teacher. She has her own approach to each student.

Valentina Borisova, 55 years old

I started going to these courses quite recently, since September, but already during this short time of study I have quite noticeably replenished my vocabulary, many questions related to grammar have become more understandable. The teacher always tries to get you to talk on absolutely any topic, arranges various games, which makes classes more interesting. Time is devoted to speaking in English and it is not easy for the text read at home (consider a retelling), but for interesting and contemporary topics. Very understandable English, which is very surprising for me. I began to perceive faster speech more easily. I really liked the teacher and how she presents the whole lesson. Classes are very fast paced and interesting. I also like that there are few people in the group, which allows you to talk more in English. The atmosphere in the classroom was always pleasant, cheerful and cozy. I want to say thank you to Daria Aleksandrovna Zhdanova, this, of course, is only a step, but it is important, and most importantly, not the last!

Victoria Sinelnikova, 17 years old

The story of my learning English is very similar to the stories of many students. AT kindergarten I received basic knowledge: the alphabet, numbers, what is the difference between a dog and a cat, then I entered a school with in-depth study of foreign languages ​​and successfully studied for 2 years, attending additional courses. Unfortunately, after leaving the courses, grades at school began to deteriorate, and in the 5th grade, the question of finding a tutor became acute. The choice fell on Daria Aleksandrovna Zhdanova, who helped me fill in all the missed topics and improve my language skills. Now I am in the 10th grade and, together with Pioneer, I have already successfully passed the exam and now I am preparing for the exam with might and main. Our courses are attended by students of all ages, from young children to adults who want to learn a language for tourism or professional work. Years go by and Pioneer courses develop and expand the boundaries of language learning.

Gubanova Anna, 16 years old

My son visits English courses"Pioneer" sixth year. Classes on the courses, of course, bring positive results. The teacher places great emphasis on speaking practice. Students conduct dialogues, listen to audio recordings, watch videos. Classes with the use of an interactive whiteboard are very interesting (at such lessons grammar is consolidated). The teacher is very demanding on homework, and rightly so, because the knowledge gained in the lesson must be consolidated. When my son came to class for the first time, he could read English within elementary school. Now he understands speech, can carry on a conversation, easily translates the words of the interlocutor. He is happy to test his knowledge and apply it when we travel. By the way, I also take these courses. And also the sixth year :) I want to say a huge thank you to our teacher for great professionalism and charm, exactingness and individual approach to each student! Sometimes I catch myself thinking that I'm starting to think in English))) This is great!!! Thanks!!!

Denisko Svetlana, 47 years old

I took a full-fledged English course with the teacher Lisa (Elizaveta Alekseevna). My goal was to improve the language to a conversational level in order to get a job at Sheremetyevo Airport.
Earlier study foreign language It seemed to me a boring routine, but thanks to Elizaveta Alekseevna, I realized how beautiful, interesting and rich the English language is. Each lesson brought me incredible pleasure. I rejoiced at the knowledge that opened up new opportunities for me.
As a result, my dream came true: I work at Sheremetyevo. In addition, I made many friends from different countries with whom I can easily communicate in English. I also learned to read foreign literature in the original and understand it.
Thanks to Pioneer courses and my favorite teacher!

Ramilya Schwartz, 30 years old

At the Pioneer courses, we are very well prepared for the exams, each lesson we study papers in the OGE format, which allow us to have an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bwhat can be on the exam itself.
The teacher carefully analyzes with us what we have done, explains where we made mistakes and why. Also, sometimes our lessons take place in game form: crosswords, snap, etc. So, the teacher tries to distract us from hard work and cheer us up after a hard day at school :) At the same time, games develop our thinking and memory.

Pavlova Sofia, 15 years old

We continue our conversation about irregular verbs in English. It is very difficult to answer the question of how many irregular verbs are in English, because there are a lot of such verbs. Today I would like to consider the 100 most commonly used irregular verbs in speech. English is a language with 10% rules and 90% exceptions.

As you remember, irregular English verbs have their own form for the simple past tense (Past Simple), as well as for the perfect present tense (Present Perfect) and the past tense (Past Perfect). Whereas in ordinary verbs we add the ending to the stem -ed to get Past Simple. The first form of the verb is the infinitive or initial form, the second form corresponds to the Past Simple, and the third form is used in the Present Perfect and Past Perfect.

Most often in colloquial speech, Past Simple is used to express an action in the past tense. This is done not only by beginners in English, but also by the British themselves. The English do not always follow the English Sequence of Tenses, that is, the agreement of tenses of verbs in a sentence, because this is inconvenient for everyday speech. It is not very comfortable to use verbs in compound tenses, it is much easier to use Past Simple. Coordinating the tenses of verbs in a sentence is the business of linguists.

For example, it's much more convenient to say: She said that she met . Than to say: She said that she had met him the day before yesterday. She said she met him the day before yesterday.

Although linguistically, Past Perfect is required here, since she met him before she said it, that is, Past Perfect shows in this sentence the past action that was before another past action. However, it is much more convenient to use Past Simple in both the main and dependent clauses, rather than looking for painful auxiliary verbs.

Basic irregular verbs in English

Now we will give several tables in which you will find the main 100 irregular verbs most often used in speech. These are the most common Irregular Verbs, which may be useful to a beginner in conversation. We think that 100 words is not that hard to memorize, especially in Past Simple. And to facilitate your task, we will consider examples of their use in the past tense in various sentences.

So, the most used 100 irregular English verbs. For convenience, we will break it down into every ten verbs.

be	were, were	been	be
bear	bore	born, born	give birth
beat	beat	beaten	beat
become	became	become	become, become
begin	started	begun	to begin
bind	bound	bound	to tie
bleed	bled	bled	bleed
bless	blessed	blessed, shining	bless
blow	blew	blown, blown	blow
break	broke	broken	break

For example:
I didn't see Tom, because he was(Past Simple) busy that day.- I didn't see Tom because he was busy that day.
my mother blessed me and I went away. My mother blessed me and I left.
The vase I bought last week is broken. — The vase I bought is broken..

bring	brought	brought	bring
build	built	built	build
burn	burnt, burned	burnt, burned	burn, burn
buy	bought	bought	buy
can	could	- / have been able	be able to be able
catch	caught	caught	catch, catch
choose	chose	chosen	choose
come	came	come	come
cost	cost	cost	cost
cut	cut	cut	cut

For example:
I've brought the book you asked for. — I brought the book you asked for.
He built the most beautiful house I've ever seen. He built the most beautiful house I have ever seen.
Yesterday that dress cost cheaper, today it is much more expensive.- Yesterday that dress was cheaper, today it is much more expensive.
Sue cut the cake in two pieces and gave one to her brother. Sue cut the cake in two and gave one to her brother.

deal	dealt	dealt	to deal with
do	did	done	make
draw	drew	drawn	drag, draw
drink	drank	drunk	drink, drink
drive	drove	driven	drive, drive
eat	ate	eaten	eat, eat
fall	fell	fallen	fall
feel	felt	felt	feel
fight	fought	fought	fight, fight
find	found	found	find

For example:
I did everything you wanted.- I did everything you wanted.
Mum, I drew a picture of our family! Mom, I drew a picture of our family!
Kate felt herself bad yesterday.- Katya felt bad yesterday.
I've found a new job! — I found a new job!

fly	flew	flown	fly
forget	forgot	forgotten	forget
forgive	forgave	forgiven	forgive
get	got	got	get
go	went	gone	go, leave
grow	grew	grown	grow
have	had	had	have
hear	heard	heard	listen
hide	hidden	hidden	hide (hide)
hit	hit	hit	hit, hit

For example:
I forgot to call you. - I forgot to call you.
I've got a letter from my friend. — I received a letter from a friend.
We went shopping yesterday. - We went shopping yesterday.
Tom grew older. Tom has grown up.
Kate had a very terrible headache yesterday. Katya had a terrible headache yesterday.
Have you heard the latest news? - Have you heard the latest news?

hold	held	held	Keep
hurt	hurt	hurt	hurt
keep	kept	kept	keep
know	knew	known	know
lay	laid	laid	put
lead	led	led	lead
learn	learned, learned	learned, learned	learn
leave	left	left	leave
lend	lent	lent	borrow
let	let	let	let go, give

For example:
I kept a little money for you. — I saved some money for you.
Tom has learned the passage by heart. Tom learned the passage by heart.
He let him go. “He let him go.

lie	lay	lain	lie
light	lit, lighted	lit, lighted	illuminate
lose	lost	lost	lose
make	made	made	make
May	might	might	be able to be able
mean	meant	meant	mean
meet	met	met	meet
pay	paid	paid	to pay
prove	proved	proven, proven	prove, prove
put	put	put	put

For example:
I've lost my diary. — I lost my diary.
Made in China. - Made in China.
She might come to us, but she was busy. She could have come to us, but she was busy.
What did you mean? I meant that you could help me. - What did you mean? I meant that you could help me.
Tim paid$2000 for his car. Tim paid $2000 for his car.
Kate put on her coat, because it's cold outside. Katya put on her coat because it's cold outside.

read	read, red	read, red	read
ring	rank	rung	call
rise	rose	rising	climb
run	ran	run	run, flow
saw	sawed	sawn, sawed	to nag
say	said	said	speak, say
see	saw	seen	see
sell	sold	sold	sell
send	sent	sent	send
set	set	set	install

For example:
I saw the rainbow in the sky. — I saw a rainbow in the sky.
She said that she was busy then. She said she was busy then.
I've just read the book. — I just read a book.
The man who sold the world. — The man who sold the world.
He sent me a letter. - He sent me a letter.

shake	shook	shaken	shake
shave	shaved	shaven, shaven	shave
shine	shone, shining	shone, shining	shine, shine
shoot	shot	shot	shoot, run
show	showed	shown, shown	show
shut	shut	shut	close
sing	sang	sung	sing
sit	sat	sat	sit
sleep	slept	slept	sleep
slide	slide	slide	slide

For example:
He shook the bottle and drink. He shook the bottle and drank.
Tom sang a song. Tom sang a song.
He slept till the morning. - He slept until morning.

smell	smelt, smelled	smelt, smelled	smell, sniff
speak	spoke	spoken	speak
spend	spent	spent	spend, spend
spread	spread	spread	spread
stand	stood	stood	stand
steal	stole	stolen	steal
stick	stuck	stuck	prick, stick
sting	stung	stung	sting
wear	swore	sworn	swear, scold
swim	swam	swum	swim

For example:
She spoke with me angry. She spoke to me angrily.
We spent our holidays in Italy. We spent holidays in Italy.
We swam in the river, it was great. We swam in the river, it was great.

The verb is the king of the English language. Even the shortest sentence always contains a verb. Conversely, a verb can be used to make a sentence in one word, for example “ Stop!” (“Stop!”).

Verbs are sometimes called "action words". This is partly true. Many verbs convey the idea of ​​action, "doing" something - for example, " run” (to run), “ fight” (fight), “ do" (make), " work" (work).

But some verbs have the meaning not of action, but of existence, not of “doing”, but of “being”. These are verbs like " be" (be), " exist" (exist), " seem” (seem), “ belong” (to belong).

The subject is attached to the verb as a predicate. So, in the sentence Mary speaks English” (“Mary speaks English”) Mary- subject, and verb speaks- predicate.

Thus, we can say that verbs are words that explain what the subject is doing ( does) or what/what is ( is) and describe:

• action (" John plays football- "John plays football");
• condition (" Ashley seems kind"Ashley seems kind."

Verbs in English have one feature. Most words of other parts of speech - , etc. - do not change (although nouns have singular and plural forms). But almost all verbs change in grammatical forms. For example, the verb " to work” (“work”) five forms:

• to work, work, works, worked, working

Note, however, that this is not much compared to languages ​​in which one verb can have 30 or more forms (for example, Hungarian) - if you started learning verbs in , you can breathe a sigh of relief.

100 main verbs in English

The following is a list of 100 basic English verbs. it will be useful to learn these most popular verbs of the English language first of all. The verbs in the table are given in descending order of frequency of use:

	Basic verb form	verb in past tense (Simple past)	Past participle (Past Participle)
	have (to have)
	do (do)
	say (to speak)
	get (receive)
	make (do)
	know (to know)
	think (think)
	take (take)
	see (see)
	come (come)
	want (want)
	use (use)
	find (find)
	give (give)
	tell (to tell)
	work (work)
	call (to call; call)
	try (try)
	ask (ask; ask)
	need (need)
	feel (feel)
	become (become)
	leave (leave)
	put (put; put)
	mean (mean)
	keep (keep)
	let (allow)
	begin (begin)
	seem (seem)
	help (help)
	show (show)
	hear (hear)
	play (play)
	run (run)
	move (move)
	believe (believe)
	bring (bring)
	happen (happen)
	write (write)
	sit (to sit)
	stand (stand)
	lose (lose)
	pay (pay)
	meet (meet)
	include (include)
	continue (continue)
	set (set)
	learn (teach)	learned / learned	learned / learned
	change (change)
	lead (lead)
	understand (understand)
	watch (watch)
	follow (follow)
	stop (stop)
	create (create)
	speak (to speak)
	spend (spend)
	grow (grow)
	open (open)
	win (win)
	teach (teach)
	offer (offer)
	remember (remember)
	appear (appear)
	buy (buy)
	serve (serve)
	die (to die)
	send (send)
	build (build)
	stay (stay)
	fall (fall)
	cut (cut)
	reach (reach)
	kill (kill)
	raise (raise)
	pass (pass)
	sell (sell)