Many manuals and studies are devoted to teaching children to read. Reading from the cradle, reading before walking and so on and so forth. However, it turns out that teaching a child to read is only the beginning. Coming to school, children are faced with the need not just to read, but to read quickly.
What is a reading technique? Why is she needed?
In elementary school, the so-called reading technique is regularly tested. With a certain frequency, children are asked to read an unfamiliar text for a while. In this case, the child must not only clearly read the text (words or sentences), but also understand it correctly.
Reading technique is tested according to the following criteria:
- Speed (the child must also meet the standards for the number of words read in 1 minute).
- Understanding (it is assessed by semantic intonation when reading or by answering questions about the text).
- The correct reading of the text, i.e. the absence of errors, omissions or repetitions.
- The presence in the read text of the correct intonation stress, the presence of semantic pauses.
How fast should today's elementary school students read?
- In grade 1, a child should read at least 30 words per minute.
- In the 2nd grade - already from 50 words per minute.
- After the 3rd - from 70-80.
- By the beginning of high school, the bottom bar is at least 100 words per minute.
- At the same time, the reading speed high school should be at least 120-150 words per minute.
Why should a child learn to read fast?
School performance is directly related to reading speed and reading comprehension. A lot of studies have shown that a child who read syllables for a long time in elementary school and did not master fluent reading, unfortunately, is not among the successful students in middle and high school.
The need to quickly understand tasks for tasks and exercises, to read the textbook on your own, learning the lessons, determines the importance of fast reading. Children who read slowly spend significantly more time on tasks, get more tired and, as a result, lose interest in learning.
The most optimal reading speed, which ensures successful learning, should be equal to the speed of ordinary conversational speech. On average, this is 120 words per minute or more. It is to this result that one must strive, working out the technique of reading.
Reading stimulates the development of the thinking apparatus, stability of attention and increases the working memory of the child. Thus, it turns out that by developing reading skills, the child becomes more successful in learning in general. This means that teaching a child to read fluently, if possible, should be as early as possible.
Why are not all children easy to speed read?
Lack of concentration and memory
The small size of the operational field of view in a child
This is manifested in the fact that the child concentrates exclusively on 2-3 letters that he reads. At the same time, children with a sufficiently large operational field can immediately see the whole word, which allows them to read faster.
Presence of visual regression
This means that while reading, the child unconsciously returns with his eyes to the previously read word.
Insufficient vocabulary
Another reason for the decrease in reading speed. An unfamiliar word requires a longer time to read and comprehend.
Problems with diction
Deficiencies in the development of the articulatory system, problems with diction also entail problems with reading.
Dyslexia
This problem should be highlighted in a separate paragraph. The presence of such a diagnosis seriously prevents the child from mastering the skills of speed reading. At the same time, the child can be a successful and capable student in all other subjects.
Dyslexia takes its toll on reading ability, even at an older age. school age.
Reluctance to read books
Another important problem that deserves special attention is the lack of desire to read. Nowadays, when children spend more and more time at computers, reading books is losing its appeal for them. But it is precisely the presence of interest that can stimulate the child to learn and improve their skills.
Instilling an interest in reading is an important task for parents.
Can reading technique be improved?
Definitely, you can. At almost any school age, you can teach your child to read fluently. Having identified the cause of the difficulties that have arisen, you can start honing these skills, thereby improving the reading technique of children in a fairly short time.
Close attention from the start
It is possible and even necessary to improve your reading technique without waiting for problems and shortcomings to appear. At the age of 6, children, as a rule, are already learning to read, at the same time, work can begin on the technique of reading.
It is better to pay some attention to this issue from the very beginning, carrying out certain tasks to develop attention, concentration and improve the operational field of vision.
Reading aloud
Before your child can read, be sure to start a tradition of reading aloud to him at home. Once the reading skill is mastered, don't give up the habit. It is still difficult for a child to read long texts, and parents insist that he read himself. As a result, the book disappears from everyday life, and thus the interest in reading is lost.
Maintain interest in books
So, first of all, it is necessary to fully maintain interest in reading in general, in books, stories and fairy tales. Read aloud, take turns reading, try to get your child interested in the book.
At the age of 7, when the reading skill is already sufficiently formed, offer the child to read short texts. A few lines under the pictures, comics or just reading in turn - all this will do. The main thing is not to lose interest.
Fluency Reading Exercises
For concentration
Viewing filmstrips
Encourage your child to watch the filmstrips and read the captions. For these purposes, cartoons with subtitles are also perfect. A small amount of text and bright pictures attract attention and improve concentration.
"Buzz Reading"
Simultaneous reading
The same texts lie in front of the child and in front of the adult. You read aloud, and the child must follow (you can use your finger) for reading. Ask him to tell you where the pace of your reading changed.
You can ask the child to find a specific word in the text and read the next one that follows it.
To increase the level of RAM
Visual dictations
Visual dictations are ideal for developing working memory. The essence of the task is that the child is offered a card with one sentence, which he must look at for a certain time.
After that, the card is removed, and the child must write down the sentence from memory. Exercise should be done regularly, every day. Within a month, you will notice significant results.
To improve the functioning of the articulatory apparatus
Tongue Twisters
The best option is to learn and repeat tongue twisters. Remember the tongue twisters, repeat them with the child in turn. Compete who can pronounce them faster and more clearly
To improve reading speed
"Throw-serif"
Hearing the word "throw!" the child begins to read. Hearing the word "serif", he closes his eyes and leans back in his chair, resting.
After 4-5 seconds, give the “throw” command again. The child must find with his eyes in the text the place where he finished reading. At the same time, the hands lie on their knees so that there is no temptation to hold the last word they read with their finger.
Reading in the rhythm of a tongue twister
Alternate familiar-unfamiliar text
There is another good exercise to improve reading speed. The child must read some part of the text several times. Reading familiar text will be easier and therefore faster.
In general, there are a lot of exercises aimed at training the reading technique. If you manage to interest the child, the result will come very quickly.
Professor I.T. Fedorenko, investigating the problem of increasing the speed of reading in children, noted the most important and significant factor leading to success. In classes, the main thing is regularity and feasibility.
Here are some more helpful tips to help improve your toddler's reading skills:
Do several short sessions instead of one long one
If reading is difficult for a child, then long classes will cause him fatigue and a negative reaction. Do three sessions, but short ones. Do not let your child get tired, arouse his interest and positive emotions from reading.
Communicate with your child in writing
Write little notes and letters to your baby, provoking him to write an answer.
Arrange contests and competitions - stir up interest
I read a book - a sticker on a poster. A few stickers - a prize (going to the cinema, joint entertainment, but not money). When checking the child's reading speed, be sure to emphasize that the last time he read so many words less, and now he has achieved such excellent results!
In the process of such a game, a desire to achieve results arises, interest in classes is stimulated.
Do not force to read "under pressure"
A negative attitude will not bring any benefit. On the contrary, such an approach will only exacerbate the problem.
Undoubtedly, the child's passion for books, the love of reading is instilled at home, in the family. Talk about your favorite books, read aloud, together, take turns. The main thing is to provide support and help to the child. And the result will come. All the hard work you put in will definitely pay off.
Modern parents try to pay as much attention as possible to the development of their children. Many are concerned about the question of how a child can learn to read fluently, since already with such a skill is necessary for successful study. Information on this topic will help a large number mom.
Fluency Reading ExercisesFor those who are interested in how to teach a child in grades 1 or 2 to read fluently, certain exercises will help solve the problem. It is better to study when children are in a good mood and perceive everything as a game:
- You should write several pairs of words that differ in only one letter, for example, whale and cat, forest and weight. The child must, correctly read, find the difference.
- It is necessary to pick up about 10 words, consisting of 2 syllables, and write them on the card. It needs to be cut into 2 parts. The kid must correctly assemble the word from two halves.
- The child should read a book, and when mom says "stop", stop. For a while he is distracted from the book and rests, then he is given the command "continue". The child must independently find the sentence on which he stopped.
- You need to write a few words, skipping the letters in them. The child must independently guess what is written. It is believed that this exercise significantly improves reading skills. In the process of training, the ability to semantic guesses develops.
- Invite the child to find a specific word in a short text. This will allow him to develop the ability to holistically perceive what is written.
Many of us still remember that same blue primer with a big bright letter "A" on the cover. Thanks to this book, millions of children quickly learned to read. Time has passed, and now these children have matured and become parents themselves. But now they are already do not refer to the same book by which they themselves once learned to read. Today, there are so many methods for teaching children to read that you can easily get confused - what to choose in order to quickly teach a child to read and, most importantly, correctly. Tyulenev's technique designed to teach kids almost from the cradle, Zaitsev cubes and rough Mary Montessori letters promise miracles in learning. Young parents rush between all these ways, and with them - and their child.
And yet, how to teach a child to read , which method to give preference to, when to start training and with what? These questions concern many young fathers and mothers. But few of them think about to learn letters and be able to put them into words and phrases with offers is not the most important thing.
Now very fashionable early development of babies . As soon as the child is one year old, they already begin to teach him to read and count. But it has already been proven that this is fraught with consequences for the emerging psyche of children. The belief that the sooner a child’s education is started, the better, is wrong. According to neurologists, parents aspiring to very early learning may harm your baby.
Let's see how the formation of the child occurs.
- FROM early pregnancy and up to three years, the first functional block of the brain is formed, which is responsible for the emotional, cognitive and bodily perception of the child.
At the age of three and up to five years - eight years, the second functional block of the brain is formed. It governs perception: sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch.
According to ophthalmologists, early childhood education reading is fraught with consequences for the eyes - myopia may develop from premature visual stress. Experts do not recommend learning to read before the age of five or six. Before this age, the formation of the ciliary muscle, which is responsible for visual acuity, occurs.
The development of the child's conscious mental activity occurs between the ages of seven and fifteen.
The functional blocks of the brain are formed sequentially. All attempts by parents to "jump" any of the stages will negatively affect the development of natural processes. that occur in the child's body at one time or another. There is simply a distortion in the natural development of the baby. Consequences of Early Childhood Education may not appear immediately. That is what they are fraught with. Years later, this can affect the emotional and personal relationships with people. And it can also result in an unpredictable form: stuttering, tics, neurosis, various speech disorders and obsessive movements.
How to determine that physiologically the child is ready to learn to read?
- the child has formed a speech, he can speak in sentences and compose a coherent story;
The child does not have speech disorders . And here we mean not only the correct pronunciation of individual sounds, but also violations of the rhythm and melody of speech;
The child is well oriented in space, not getting confused in the concepts of top and bottom, right - left;
The phonemic hearing of the child is quite developed - he easily recognizes the sound not only at the beginning of the word, but also in its middle part and at the end of the word.
How to teach a child to read so as not to cause tears, reproaches and resentment? This question is often asked by parents of future first-graders. Of course, you can stop at the usual method for everyone. It comes down to daily monotonous activities, during which the child learns to write hooks and sticks. and also reads the primer. But all moms and dads know that such activities bring boredom, fatigue and irritation, the child does not learn to read thoughtfully. As a result, a reluctance to study develops. And although the child will receive certain knowledge and skills, such training is unlikely to become for him a good school for the development of feelings and emotions, as well as a means of learning about the world around him and himself in it. For learning to become fun game and turned it into a collaborative creative process children and adults, so that the child learns to read correctly and quickly, choose a different path.
Just like babies learn to understand spoken language they must learn to read words and sentences. But the most important thing is that it is quite real and the facts confirm it.
Scientists have proven that the eye sees but is not aware of what it sees; The ear perceives sound, but does not understand what it hears. The whole process of understanding this happens purely in the brain.
When we hear a spoken word or sentence, the sounds are split into multiple electrochemical impulses that are sent to the brain. Our brain connects all these impulses together and perceives their meaning and meaning. A similar action occurs with vision. Our eyes see what is written, but do not understand it. The brain does not see what is written, but understands it.
Visual and auditory endings are passed through the brain, which processes the information received. In the event that the baby would have to own only one of the many skills, then the ability to read would undoubtedly become such a skill. . It is it that is the basis of all types of standard, formal and non-formal education.
How to quickly teach a child to read so that he does not get tired and does not lose interest? Exercise regularly, but not for long. For the first lessons, five to ten minutes will be enough. Gradually, this time can be increased to thirty minutes. Practice as a game - the child should be easy, interesting and not bored.
Before proceeding with the reading technique, learn all the letters with your baby. Cubes will help a lot with this. The pictures drawn on them will help you recognize the subject and associate it with the letter. Teach your baby to name the letters correctly: watermelon - "A", house - "D", etc. Play a game with your baby - ask him to find the letter "A". At the same time, do not rush to give hints. The child must learn on his own find the right cube. If he can't, he needs help.
You can see with modern methods of teaching preschoolers to read correctly by clicking on the link - EXPAND THE PAGE . 10 important tips to help you teach your child to read correctly:
TIP 1
What method of teaching reading to follow ? When teaching your child to read in syllables, give preference to the usual primer, which was compiled by K. Zhukova. This book is an effective helper for a child who is learning to understand how to put letters into syllables, syllables into words, and these words into whole sentences. There are few pictures in the book, but they are quite enough so that the child is not bored.
TIP 2
In which sequences to learn vowels and consonants. First, we teach the child open vowels - A, O, U, E, Y. Now you can proceed to hard consonants - M, N. But make sure that the child pronounces them correctly: not “em”, and not “me”, but simply “m”. The next in line are deaf and hissing sounds: Ш, С, etc.
TIP 3
Do not forget to repeat the material of the previous lesson with the child at each lesson. Remember together what sounds you learned in the last lesson. By consolidating the material covered, you will help develop a competent reading mechanism in your child.
TIP 4
Take a look at the primer. Show your baby how the first letter of the syllable "m" hurries to the second letter "a". Explain to the child that this is how it should be pronounced: m-m-ma-a-a - m-m-ma-a-a. In such an accessible form, the child understands that one letter runs to another. As a result, they speak together, without separating from each other.
TIP 5
Now let's start learning simple syllables. To easily teach a child to read, you need to start with simple syllables, in which there are only two letters: ma, la, ra, mu, mo. The kid must master and understand how two letters form a syllable. It is important for him to master the mechanism of reading by syllables. After he understands this, he will easily learn to read more difficult syllables - with deaf and hissing consonants: shi, yes, in, etc.
TIP 6
You can start learning more complex syllables. Do not rush to read words or books. Give your child a better understanding of the mechanism of reading by syllables. Just complicate the task - read with him syllables that begin with a vowel: am, av, he, y.
TIP 7
After all the syllables have been mastered, we proceed to reading the most simple words: "ma - ma", "ra - ma", "we - lo".
TIP 8
How easy is it to teach a child to read by syllables? Be sure to teach your child to pronounce syllables correctly. This is a guarantee that he will learn to read well. Note. According to one of the methods, teachers and educators in kindergartens teach children to sing syllables. Kids quickly get used to it and sing syllables constantly in one breath. However, they do not make any pauses between words. Some kids get so carried away that they sing the entire paragraph without respecting the punctuation marks - periods, exclamation marks and question marks. If you decide to teach your child to read, do it well. No need to let the child sing everything. Pay attention to him pause between words especially between sentences. Teach your child to this order: sang the word - pause, sang the second - pause. In the future, he himself will learn to shorten the pauses. But at the beginning of training, it is simply necessary to do them.
TIP 9
What is the best age to teach a child to read? Do not get ahead of events. At the age of three or four, it is unlikely that your child will be interested in poring over books, learning to read and putting letters into syllables. At this age, it is definitely too early to start learning to read. The only exceptions are those cases when the child himself unequivocally shows a desire for this.
But at the age of five and six, children must be engaged so that they can read and write words in block letters. Those children who go to Kindergarten taught by educators. If your baby does not attend kindergarten, you will have to deal with the child. Let this responsibility be at least partially taken over by the grandmother or grandfather. As a last resort, hire a tutor. This is necessary because modern methods assume that the child will come to the first grade already prepared and reading in syllables. This is also important from a psychological point of view. If you teach your child to read before school, in first grade it will be easy for him read and the first stress of school can be avoided.
TIP 10
To quickly and correctly teach your child to read by syllables, turn learning into a game . Do not force your child to expressive or fluent reading. It is much more important that he independently be able to put letters into syllables, read them in a book, and be able to compose words, phrases and sentences. He just needs to master the technique of reading. It does not matter if at first it will be slow and difficult for the baby. Remaining calm, smoothly and quietly help him correct mistakes while reading. Let it be like a game. After all, in the game you can relax without getting stressed. In the process of learning to read, it is necessary to ensure that the baby, without straining, understands what the elders want from him.
If you follow these tips, you will be able to teach your baby to read quite tolerably in a month and a half.
If your child already knows how to read whole phrases tolerably in syllables, we gradually move on to teaching the baby to read fluently. Below are 14 lessons with which you can teach your baby to read fluently, and most importantly - correctly. It is advisable to teach a child of six to seven years of age fluent reading no more than 30 minutes once or twice a day. You can complete these lessons in any order. A day - no more than 4 lessons.
LESSON 1
How to develop vigilance in a child
Try this task:
In a row of five to six vowels, insert one consonant. Invite the child to find the extra letter. You can change this assignment.
Write out the words in which only one letter is different: whale - cat; juice - bough; wood - weight, etc. The child must answer how the words differ from each other.
LESSON 2
Gymnastics that develops articulation in a child
These exercises help improve pronunciation, promote proper breathing. and help you speak more clearly.
The game "fold the word from the halves"
Pick up simple words consisting of two syllables. At least ten words are required for one lesson. Write these words on two cards and ask your child to put the words together correctly. Cards need to be changed constantly.
LESSON 3
How to quickly train attention
The task is as follows. Your toddler is reading a text in a book. At your command "Stop!" he takes his eyes off the book, closes them and rests. On command "Read!" the child must find the fragment where he paused his reading.
LESSON 4
Semantic guess (anticipation)
The principle of anticipation - when reading, the peripheral vision of the child sees the outline of the next word. From what he read, he concludes what word should be next.
To develop a semantic guess, you can do the following exercise with your child. Write words in which either a letter or a syllable is missing. Let the child guess which letters to enter . These activities greatly improve a child's ability to learn to read fluently.
LESSON 5
Teach your child how to read
You will need two identical texts. Start reading slowly, and let the child read after you, following the lines with your finger. Gradually speed up the pace, but make sure that the baby does not lag behind.
LESSON 6
Reading for time
Choose simple text. Record the time (for example, a minute) and let the child read. When the time is up, count how many words the child managed to read in a minute. When reading again, the child will read more words.
For development . First, read them slowly and in a whisper. Then - confidently and loudly. Make sure that the child clearly pronounces the endings of the words. In the same way, read proverbs and sayings with your child.
How to teach a child to read well? The kid must learn to read to himself. When a child reads aloud, the eyes see the text and send a signal to the brain. At the same time, the organs of speech are prepared, and the ears perceive the spoken text.
LESSON 7
The game "make an accent"
Choose a word with several syllables and try with your child to stress each of the syllables. The child must determine which accent is correct.
Try to involve your child in the reading process. When reading your favorite fairy tale to him, stop at the most interesting place. Say that you are tired of reading and ask the child to read a short passage of text.
LESSON 8
See filmstrips
This lesson is the best way to train reading technique.
LESSON 9
How to develop a child's field of vision
a) Draw a table. Write one letter in each cell. Invite the child to read them all silently, pointing to the letters with a pencil. You need to read as soon as possible and memorize the sequence of letters.
b) Invite the child to read the unfamiliar text to himself . This should be done as quickly as possible and with closed lips. Then offer to retell what you read . Now you can read the text again, but out loud.
LESSON 10
Role-play reading.
LESSON 11
To teach your child to read fluently, read upside down.
This is how the memorization of integral patterns of letters develops. The child will learn to combine the semantic ending of the word with the letter analysis. Go to this exercise not immediately, but when the child learns to read without errors. Thanks to this exercise, the child will learn to read quickly and correctly.
LESSON 12
Find the word game
Say any word and invite the child to quickly find it in the text. This is how the ability to see a holistic image of a word is formed and verbal memory develops.
LESSON 13
rhythmic exercise
While reading an unfamiliar text, the child must tap a certain rhythm with a pencil, which is learned in advance.
LESSON 14
Consonant game.
Invite the child to take a breath: and while exhaling, quickly read any set of fifteen consonants. For example: r, t, e, k, w, c, n, d, s, h, x, b, f, f, p .
Now you know how to teach your child to read well and fluently. But in no case should you try to teach your child to read fluently. , if he is under 6 years old or he is still poorly prepared (does not know all the letters, often pronounces words incorrectly while reading simple text written in large print).
HOW YOU CAN CORRECTLY TEACH A 5 YEARS CHILD TO READ
You have passed the stage of learning the alphabet with your child. He can easily find a given letter in the text. It's time to move on to the next stage - learning to read. How to teach a five-year-old child to read?
Your next task will be teach a 5 year old child to read syllables. Start by connecting two letters - a consonant and a vowel. Explain to the child that they should sound together. While walking with a child, or doing household chores, in game form Break simple words into syllables with your child. Make flashcards with letters to make syllables easier to read.
At this stage, it is necessary that a child of 5 years old master the technique of folding syllables from letters. If you studied letters in the alphabet or with the help of cubes, now you need to have no pictures - they distract the child's attention.
How to teach a five-year-old child to read? Turn the learning process into a game. Write letters on a piece of paper, print them on a computer, draw them with paints on whatman paper that hangs on the wall. And you can write letters on the groats, poured in a thin layer on a tray.
Associative games help a lot. During the walk, pay attention to the surrounding objects, their outlines resembling letters. For example: a television antenna on the roof resembles the letter “t”, a satellite dish resembles the letter “o”, a lamppost resembles the letter “a”, etc.
It is better to start teaching a 5-year-old child to read with short three-letter words - cat, nose, garden, etc. Words with paired syllables will help a child quickly learn to read: pa - pa, ma - ma, ba - ba. It is very good to read the words in a singsong voice. When the child reads the word, ask him what letters it consists of. Help him if he wants to.
How to teach a five-year-old kid to read sentences from familiar words? It is important that the sentences are not long and complex. If next to the sentence there is a picture of what it says, it will be easier for the child to understand that he did not work in vain and read the sentence correctly. He will experience the joy of doing it on his own.
After you have mastered reading syllables with your baby, you can begin to read simple words and simple sentences. To do this, you will need small children's books with poems and stories. . How to quickly teach a child to read poetry?
Reading with a 5 year old child small poems, not only the technique of reading will develop. Such activities contribute to the development of the child's memory and logic of thinking. A prerequisite is the presence of a picture next to each rhyme . It should depict the event that is mentioned in the rhyme.
Here is an example of such a rhyme: “we cooked soup soup, from pearl barley cereals, but it turned out to be porridge, then our grief.” Before you start reading the rhyme , ask the baby who is shown in the picture, what he is doing, and what is nearby, etc. Then, after reading the first line, repeat it with your child. After reading the second line, repeat two lines already. Usually kids love these books and enjoy reading them. And even with remember poems by heart . The kid will experience great pride, reading poems one of your guests. Sometimes the child cannot remember some incomprehensible or difficult words for his perception. Do not rush to suggest in this case. Remind him that he is already big and can handle it on his own. This will help a 5-year-old child to cheer up, and he can easily read a complex word and continuation of the rhyme. Read new rhymes with your child everyday. Be sure to repeat the old ones. And when guests come to you, ask the baby read your favorite poems - he will do it with great pleasure.
When the child knows the letters well enough, feel free to move on to composing and reading syllables. This important milestone in your child's development should not be underestimated. Clearly explain to the child how to connect the letters correctly. Turn an activity into a game . Letters-magnets will help you with this. Move them with your child and read aloud. Ideally, this stage should be completed at the age of four. In extreme cases - at the age of five.
And if you missed this moment - how to teach a child to read at age 6? If you see that the child is not prepared for school, take your time. Let him stay at home. And you take good care of him. After all, it's never too late to start learning. Don't panic. Not all children can read at the age of six.
How to teach a 6 year old to read? The teaching methodology is quite simple. You need books with colorful pictures in which all the words are written in syllables. But keep in mind that you do not have much time for training. With the right approach to classes, you can teach your daughter or son to read well in six months, a maximum of a year.
Here it is important to understand that reading for a child of 6 years old should not be a tedious obligation. It must be his favorite pastime. If the child himself strives to read, your classes will be much more fruitful. They will become interesting and exciting. Therefore, your task is to develop a child's interest in reading. Turn classes into a game, come up with a variety of ways to learn , teach your child to read games online. And in no case should you scold the child when something does not work out. This can push the child away from classes, and reading will be associated with punishment.
Reading sessions should be regular. Practice with your baby for at least an hour a day. But this must be done with his consent. The first books of the child should arouse his interest so that he strives to read them every day. Having learned to read before school, your child will feel confident against the background of the rest of the students.
Start reading small poems with a child of 6 years old . You can move on to reading fairy tales later. After all, at first it will be difficult for the baby to master a large amount of information. Be sure to ask your child to tell you about what he has read. It is useful for the development of the memory of a 6-year-old child. Plus, it will positively affect the development of the personal qualities of your baby. It is very important during training to praise the child for his achievements, no matter how small they are. This will contribute not only to the rapid development of reading techniques - your child will feel more confident and believe in himself. After all, the child needs your affection and love so much!
It is almost impossible to overestimate the importance of knowing English in our time. Many parents are well aware that teaching a child to read English - it is simply necessary. Firstly, such classes will help prepare the child for school. Secondly, they will fill in possible gaps school curriculum. And thirdly, it will definitely come in handy for a child when mastering a computer.
Each of the parents has certain knowledge in the field of English . But not everyone knows how to use this knowledge to pass it on to their own child.
How to teach reading to be easy English language your baby? Do not rush to learn the English alphabet with your child . You can confuse the child with this. But there are situations when a child has learned the name of the letters, but does not know how to read - very often this is observed among schoolchildren. We'll fix it. You need to clearly explain to the baby the difference between the names of the letters and their pronunciation.
How to quickly master the technique of reading in English for a child ? This question is asked not only by mothers who have basic knowledge of the language, but also by young teachers. The main condition for this is a positive attitude towards learning and positive motivation. It is important to convince the child that reading is very interesting. Purchase books for children in english with bright and colorful illustrations. Explain to your child that if he learns to read, he will be able to read these books himself, which will pleasantly surprise his father, mother, grandparents.
Before moving on to learning, watch films in English with your child without translation. The child must hear how English is spoken. Buy your child a book with expressive pictures that will help and facilitate language learning. It has already been observed that children learn English quite quickly, even without being able to speak Russian properly. This is due to the fact that children easily perceive new information.
Start learning English by reading the alphabet . Follow the correct pronunciation. Choose a few simple words and say them together. Conduct classes in the form of a game - so the child will be better involved in the learning process.
How easy is it to teach a child to read English by syllables? When the baby learns to distinguish letters, start adding syllables. It is very good to teach a child with plasticine letters. Sculpt them with your child. So he will better remember not only their pronunciation, but also how they look. Invite the child to collect a word familiar to him from plasticine letters. If he made a mistake, calmly explain to the child what it is. Do not scold the baby, help him and constantly praise him. He will try even harder. After all, your opinion is very important to him.
Such a game will help very well in mastering the English language: take sheets of clean paper and write the pronunciation of letters on them with markers. Spread the sheets around the house. A game with associations will also help to teach a child to read in English - go to the table and name it English title. Each time, passing by, the child will remember the English word. This will greatly speed up the process of mastering the language.
You will definitely need children's books in English. It is desirable that they have a lot of pictures, and the texts are simple for the child to master. Read texts need to be translated together so that the child quickly remembers the meaning of words.
It is not enough to say: I want to teach my child to read in English. It is important to know the sequence of training.
- Starting classes in English, learn the alphabet;
Explain to your child that in English one letter can mean different sounds;
Read words with an open syllable with your baby: bite, name, Pete, etc .;
Then you can learn to read simple English words with a closed syllable: six, map, not, pen, etc.;
Now try to combine English words open and closed syllable; do this while playing with blocks or cards with written letters: you call the word to the baby - he adds it up. So you will train visual and muscle memory;
Try to make simple sentences with your baby;
Now you can make various phrases with your child;
At this stage, you can move on to reading books and listening to audio books with your child;
When a child has mastered the simple rules of reading in English , move on to more complex texts;
If you constantly praise the child even for the smallest achievements, reading in English will become his favorite pastime and the child will be able to quickly learn to read any texts in English.
Learning to read is a long process. Among other things, he requires the child to "make a discovery" - to understand how a sounding word is obtained from a series of graphic images - letters. This is far from easy, and every child makes such a discovery at the moment when his intellect and life experience allow him to do so. There is no need to rush things and complain that the neighbor’s son read fluently at the age of 5, and yours reads slowly at 7. It will even out over time.
But this process cannot be left to chance: if the child is already reading, it is necessary. After all, a student who reads well does better in all subjects.
How to teach a child to read quickly and correctly in grade 1 and at an older age?
To begin with, we must realize that different mechanisms are involved in the process of reading. This is both observation on the one hand, and various brain functions on the other. Motivation is also important. If the child is not interested, he will not want to read.
The child must memorize the outline of letters, learn to correlate them with sounds, and not with a specific sounding sound, but with its model that exists in the human mind. We, adults, do this without thinking, out of habit, it is difficult for a child, the thought processes that are involved in this are complex and diverse.
Three Problems of Slow Reading Speed
Problem 1. Actually reading
When a person reads, he:
- distinguishes letters;
- puts them into words;
- understands the meaning.
These are the areas in which we need to work.
Problem 2. Distinguishing letters
Exercise "Joker letter"
Prepare cards on which poems or proverbs are written, riddles. All letters are “normal”, but something is wrong with three or four: they stand “on their heads” or lie “on their sides”, written in a different font or color, stylized (sun instead of O, construction crane instead of G, etc. .). Let the kid read. Over time, more and more letters can be written unusually.
Exercise "Fly"
Imagine how a fly would say if it could speak like a human: “Well,zhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzlong been said, if he could speak humanly: Zhzhzhzhzhele did not get it! And the snake? "SsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssstSsStSStSStSStAWSstSsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssststssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssand And the dog? “Good morning morning”, etc. Try to speak for these animals.
Exercise "Who is more"
You have to come up with words that start with the given letter.
Exercise "Chain"
The game is based on the principle of "Cities", but any words - as long as the first letter of the next word coincides with the last letter of the previous one: Mama - Orange - NoS - Strongman - ...)
Exercise "Striking out"
A good effect is "deletion". For the exercise, you need to prepare sheets with any texts available to the child, printed in large print. The child receives a task (say, cross out the letter A) and completes it within three minutes. The meaning of the task is not “cross out as much as possible”, but “do not miss a single one”.
Later, you can complicate the task. Let's say, "Cross out A in red and B in green." Or: “Cross out A, circle B”
- You can take a children's magazine if you have already read it, but not a book - you cannot draw on a book.
- The task should not be written down - the child should keep it in his head.
- Letters need to be changed. It is good to give "rare" letters from time to time: Ф, Ъ, Ш, etc.
- Crossing out is necessary every day for 3 minutes, it is better to buy an hourglass for this purpose.
Understanding the meaning of what is read
Often the teacher complains: the child reads at a good speed, but cannot answer elementary questions on the text. This happens because the student reads thoughtlessly, "on the machine." This, of course, should be avoided. And games and entertaining exercises can help teach you to read meaningfully. See some of them below.
see also:
Mostly card games. All games from this group are suitable for playing alone or in pairs with an adult. The exception is "Typewriter", usually the whole class is involved in this game, sometimes the teacher.
Exercise "Garber language"
“The scientist studied the gibberish language, and wrote down the words on cards. But here's the problem! - all cards are mixed up. Help the professor arrange the cards with words into piles: put all the same words in one pile.
For the game, you need to prepare several groups of cards with pseudo-words: each with 5-7 pieces. Pseudowords should differ slightly: by one or two letters, the order of letters, etc. For example, you can use such "gibberish words": "SHURBURK", "SHURBURG", "SHURBURG", "SHUBRURK", "SHUBRUKRA", etc.
The game develops spelling vigilance, in addition, this is one of the simple and fun ways to improve your reading technique.
Exercise "Letter in a bottle"
An old and well-known game, which, nevertheless, is very popular with elementary school students and has a wonderful effect: spelling vigilance increases, expands vocabulary, develop attention, intelligence, creativity, the ability to understand other people.
In addition, the teacher can also solve specific learning tasks: for example, practice the spelling of dubious consonants or b and b. Then you need to skip the corresponding letters, and give the children the task not to read, but to complete the words.
“They fished out a bottle from the sea, and in it - no, not lemonade! — a real letter that someone sent us. Maybe they are children from a distant island? Or sailors in distress? We need to find out what's in the letter, but—that's the trouble! Many words are water damaged. Nevertheless, we will try to make out what is written here: what if someone urgently needs help!
"Letter" can be of any reasonable content. It is necessary to “erase” the letters depending on how much the children have already learned to read and play this game. The simplest option is one “disappeared” letter for two words, in the middle or at the end. It is much more difficult to read if the first letter is missing or 2-4 letters in a row. Letters cannot be skipped in adjacent words.
Exercise "What's in the picture?"
You can play in a group or in a pair of "teacher (parent) - student." Children look at the plot picture and discuss what is drawn. Then its description is compiled in writing, but in an unusual way: The first person writes one word, the second - two, the next (third or first, if the game is paired) - three, etc. You can break your part of the text with punctuation marks or put them at the end.
Exercise "Typewriter"
A large group of children are playing. Everyone gets a card with a letter, the letters are not repeated. A very good reading student can be given two letters so that he does not get bored. The teacher calls the word, and the guys “print” it, that is, those children who got desired letters. For example, Anya got the letter A, Oleg - O, Sasha - C, Vera - B, and Dasha - D. The teacher says the word "owl". First Sasha claps (he has C), then Oleg, then Vera, and then Anya. Dasha didn't have to "type" this time, but she will have to do it when the teacher says, for example, "garden". Children should clap themselves, without prompting from the teacher. Usually, several active children begin to spontaneously follow the process and remind: “Ver, clap!”. If they make comments correctly, then you can not forbid them.
Exercise "Truth and Lies" ("I believe - I do not believe")
Again, cards are required. On some it is necessary to write truthful phrases, on others - incorrect ones. Examples:
- “Many people love lilies of the valley: they are beautiful and smell amazing” - true;
- "As usual, on New Year we dressed up a birch tree ”- a lie.
Problem 3. Motivation
A child in the first grade does not have such a great opportunity to love reading. The most interesting books are inaccessible to him because of their volume, which is too tough for them yet. What to do?
Secondly, try to find an interesting book for the student with short texts. It can be:
- a book of poems;
- collection of jokes;
- children's (really children's!) encyclopedia;
- comics.
Finally, use external motivation: a game, etc.
- Do not give your child a thick book with small print and no pictures. The text should be grouped in small "portions", printed in different colors and fonts, decorated with colorful illustrations. The child is lost and frightened at the sight of a whole page of text.
- Never make reading a punishment or offer a reward for it: sweets, extra time on the computer... Otherwise, reading will start to seem boring and disgusting.
- If possible, first read the work, and then watch the movie or cartoon. Say: “Look, but that joke - remember how you laughed! - Not in the movie. Of course, the director cannot bring everything into the film, the book is always more interesting.
- Read! Let the child see: you yourself like to read. Talk about what you read.
Please note that persistent problems when reading, the presence of constant errors of the same type may indicate that the child has a neurological disorder that leads to the inability to read correctly, usually only applies to some letters. A speech therapist works with such a violation. Most often, a child with dyslexia also mispronounces or slurs some words - but not always. In the event of such a violation, the question of how to teach a child to read quickly and correctly should be decided by a specialist. Dyslexia is not a sentence, but reading from such a child will always require more effort.
If the speech therapist did not find any violations, you can work on your own - and it is better to work in three directions at once.
Improving reading technique is not a task of one day (often even more than one year). In order for it to be crowned with success, it is necessary to systematically and regularly work a little every day, devoting this Special attention. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the child likes this work. Therefore, in no case should you scold him, compare him with children who read well, show your pessimism and despair. Then after a while, the classes will definitely give results.
How to teach children to read fluentlyReading speed is an important factor influencing academic performance. Many schoolchildren are doomed to failure until they are taught the elementary - to read.
The process of development also depends on the speed of reading. Fast readers are usually those students who read a lot. Reading improves memory and attention span. From these two indicators, in turn, depends on mental performance. Sometimes skills and thinking are opposed. This is a widespread mistake. Reading skills should be formed in elementary school.
Working on reading technique is a rather lengthy process and not always attractive for children. However, without a normal reading technique, teaching in high school will be difficult.
In elementary school, it is desirable that students read 120 words per minute.
The main causes of slow reading in children are:
1. Low level of attention and memory (the child, reading the fourth word, no longer remembers the first and, accordingly, cannot understand the meaning of what he read).
Attention is the engine of the reading process. A child who reads slowly switches attention to extraneous thoughts, interest in readable text disappears, reading becomes mechanical, the meaning does not reach consciousness. At home, parents should systematically work on the development of memory.
2. Decreased volume of the operational field of vision (the child does not cover the whole word with his eyes, but two or three letters).
3. Small vocabulary.
4. Regression - return eye movements. Many children, without noticing, read the word twice, as if for fidelity.
5. Not developed articulatory apparatus.
6. Not by age selected works.
exercises
1. Parallel reading.
Prepare two identical texts. You read the text aloud, and the child follows you, guiding your finger along the lines. While reading, increase the speed, but make sure that the child has time. Read both slowly and quickly. Ask the child if he noticed a change in speed?
2 .Good results are given by reading before going to bed. The fact is that the last events of the day are recorded by emotional memory, and during those hours when a person sleeps, he is under their impression. Remember, before the children were put to bed, telling him a fairy tale. Vivid impressions from interesting book before going to bed strengthen the taste for reading.
3. Stumbling over consonants.
Children often stumble when reading, seeing several consonants in a row. Your task is to write such words on a piece of paper and periodically let the child read them, do not be lazy to write new ones.
4. If the child does not like to read, then a gentle reading regime is necessary. Indeed, if a child does not like to read, this means that he has difficulty reading. In the gentle reading mode, the child reads 1-2 lines and then gets a short rest. This mode is automatically obtained if the child views filmstrips, presentations: I read two lines under the frame, looked at the picture - I rested. The next frame - read two lines again, then looked at the picture. This technique is quite suitable for those children who are reluctant to read.
6 . Buzzing reading.
The child reads to himself and at the same time buzzes like a bee.
Buzzing reading also gives good results.
7. Collective complex exercises: repeated reading at the pace of a tongue twister, expressive reading with a transition to an unfamiliar part of the text.
a) Multiple reading is carried out in this way. The teacher sets the same amount of time for all children. After the beginning of a new story is read by the teacher and understood by the children, they are invited to start reading and continue it for a minute. After a minute, each student notices to what word he managed to read. This is followed by a second reading of the same passage. At the same time, the student again notices what words he managed to reach, and compares with the first result. An increase in the pace of reading causes positive emotions in schoolchildren, they want to read again. However, one and the same passage should not be read more than three times. It is better to organize the next exercise on the same piece - tongue twisters. (this can be applied at home too)
8. The game "Tug".
a) an adult (parent, mentor, teacher) reads aloud, changing the speed of reading. Pupils read aloud, trying to catch up with an adult.
b) an adult reads aloud, children silently. The adult stops, the students continue to read.
9. The game "First and last." Reading the first and last letter in a word, the first and last word on a line, the first and last word in a sentence.
11. Write words that differ by one letter: cat - whale, cat - mouth, forest - weight. Ask how these words are different and similar.
12 . "Scanning". For 20-30 seconds, students “run through” the text with their eyes in search of important information.
13 .Development of a wide field of view.
Find a letter.
Letters of the alphabet are scattered on a piece of paper. The adult names the letter of the alphabet, the child finds and shows this letter with a finger or a pencil. Practice, let the child remember where each letter is located. Measure the time spent finding all the letters of the alphabet.
b) fixing your gaze in the center of the table, find all the letters of the alphabet. You cannot move your gaze. Eyes are directed to the center! The child first shows the letter with a pencil, and then, looking at the center, finds the letter mentally.
c) the child looks only at the center of the table, trying to see it all, finds the letter “a”, then ab, abc, abcg, etc. Each time the speed of finding the previous letters should increase.
14. Anticipation (semantic guess).
When reading the text, the child catches the contour of the next word with peripheral vision, based on what he read, he can guess which word will be next.
Literature
1. Salnikova T. P. Methods of teaching reading. - M., 2000
2. School of rational reading: A course for teaching reading to the smallest. - M.: SHRU, 1990
3. Primary School, 2004, № 12
4. First of September, 2004, No. 23
5. Bodrova E.V. when we read to children. Calendar for parents.
Sites:
1.http://www.eidos.ru/journal/2010/0319-1.htm
2. http://www.zanimatika.ru/neobyiknovennoe-chtenie/chitat-beglo-i-ili-osoznanno.html
3. http://efamily.ru/articles/102/406
4. http://vesn.blogspot.ru/2011/03/blog-post_10.html