Dictionary of Linguistic Terms D e Rosenthal. Dictionary of linguistic terms

A.N. Tikhonov, R.I. Khashimov,

G.S. Zhuravleva, M.A. Lapygin, A.M. Lomov,

L.V. Raciburskaya, E.N. Tikhonov

ENCYCLOPEDIC

DICTIONARY-DIRECTORY

LINGUISTIC TERMS

AND CONCEPTS

Russian language

Under the general editorship

A.N. Tikhonova, R.I. Khashimova

Volume1

Flinta Publishing House

Publishing house "Nauka"

UDC 811.161.1(038)

BBK 81.2Rus-5ya2

Published with financial support federal agency on press and mass communications within the framework of the federal program "Culture of Russia"

G.S. Zhuravleva, cand. philol. Sciences, Assoc. - “History of the Russian language. Dialectology";

M.A. Lapygin, cand. philol. Sciences, Assoc. - "Graphic arts. Spelling. Punctuation";

A. M. Lomov, dr. philol. sciences, prof. - "Syntax";

L.V. Raciburskaya, dr. philol. sciences, prof. - Phonetics. Phonology"; "Orthoepy";

A.N. Tikhonov, dr. philol. sciences, prof. - "Lexicology", "Morfemics.

Word formation”, “Morphology”;

E.N. Tikhonov, cand. philol. Sciences - "Appendix No. 1. Information on lexicography",

"Appendix No. 2. Information about linguistic journals";

R.I. Khashimov, dr. philol. sciences, prof. - "General linguistic terms and concepts",

"Appendix No. 3. 100 languages of the indigenous peoples of Russia"

Editor:

THEM. Kurnosov, cand. philol. Sciences, Associate Professor

Encyclopedic dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms and concepts. Russian E68 language: in 2 volumes. A.N. Tikhonov, R.I. Khashimov, G.S. Zhuravleva and others / ed. ed. A.N. Tikhonov,

R.I. Khashimova. - T. 1. - M .: Flint:

ISBN 978-5-02-033354-3 (Science) (1 vol)

The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Linguistic Terms and Concepts is the first comprehensive publication on the Russian language, which has an educational character. The dictionary contains not only an interpretation, but also a description of the basic concepts of general and Russian linguistics.

It is addressed to a wide range of readers: high school students, language teachers, students of philological and humanitarian faculties, scientific and university workers. It is of interest to everyone who is interested in Russian as a native or foreign language.

UDC 811.161.1(038)

BBK 81.2Rus-5ya2

ISBN 978-5-89349-788-5 (Flint) (gen.)

ISBN 978-5-02-033305-5 (Science) (gen.)

ISBN 978-5-89349-894-3 (Flint) (1 vol)

ISBN 978-5-02-033354-3 (Science) (1 volume) © Flinta Publishing, 2008

FOREWORD

Among the many linguistic lexicographic publications, the Encyclopedic Dictionary-Reference Dictionary of Linguistic Terms and Concepts. Russian Language" is intended primarily for university employees, students of philology, language teachers, since the range of linguistic problems and concepts is determined by the programs of universities and pedagogical universities in the specialties "Philology", "Russian language and literature". The information contained in the reference dictionary may also be of interest to a wide range of readers: it is intended for students of lyceums and colleges, students and teachers of secondary specialized and higher educational institutions. It is addressed to everyone who wants to have a deeper knowledge of the modern Russian language, its history, general linguistic problems, as well as get brief sociolinguistic information about the languages of the peoples of Russia.

The modern reader, and especially the student of philology, often feels the need not only for a brief interpretation of the meaning of individual linguistic terms in educational purposes but also in a more complete understanding of the linguistic phenomenon. Obtaining the necessary philological information in modern conditions associated with significant difficulties: the need to refer to numerous sources - aspect textbooks, dictionaries, etc., which is associated not only with a painstaking search for the necessary information, but with time and material costs. “Encyclopedic dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. Russian language” is a compact publication on the problems of Russian studies and general linguistics.

The reference dictionary is encyclopedic and at the same time educational in nature, which determined the thematic and alphabetical arrangement of articles and the principles of presenting the material. The thematic arrangement of the articles was determined by the stages of studying certain sections of linguistic disciplines in higher educational institutions. The dictionary consists of three main parts: 1. General linguistic terms and concepts. 2. Russian language. 3. Applications (No. 1. Information on lexicography; No. 2. Information about linguistic journals; No. 3. 100 languages of the indigenous peoples of Russia).

The main composition of the dictionary covers the terminology of Russian and general linguistics, which is found in the periodicals "Issues of Linguistics", "Russian Language at School", "Russian Speech", "Russian Literature", in textbooks and teaching aids of an academic or university type.

The main part - "Russian language" - consists of the following thematic scientific and educational disciplines: "Phonetics. Phonology”, “Lexicology”, “Morfemics. Word formation”, “Morphology”, “Syntax”, “History of the Russian language. Dialectology”, “Orthoepy”, “Graphics. Spelling. Punctuation". These topics of the section provide a systematic description of all levels of the Russian language. The articles provide information about the composition and nature of the Russian language: phonological and phonetic systems are described, phonetic processes and orthoepy; the diversity and richness of the vocabulary and phraseology, the origins of their formation and features of modern functioning are revealed, the lexico-semantic, stylistic, dialectal, social and professional categories and properties of the word are characterized; morphemic and word production in Russian are subjected to a detailed description; morphological and syntactic properties and categories of the current state of the Russian language are considered. For educational purposes, the authors of articles on morphological and syntactic systems found it necessary to present articles on all parts of speech, systems of declension, conjugation, methods of formation, signs and types of syntactic units.

Articles on dialectology and the history of the Russian language provide an opportunity to show the historical roots, ways of formation and development state of the art of the Russian language, with the main attention being paid to those phonetic and morphological processes that contribute to understanding the properties of levels Old Russian language, its differences from the Old Church Slavonic language. Information on graphics and Russian spelling completes the section "Russian language" in the structure of the dictionary.

The course "Introduction to Linguistics" ("General Linguistics", "Theory of Language") is represented by the section "General Linguistic Terms and Concepts", which is necessary in the philological training of students and for a deeper understanding of various aspects and phenomena of the Russian language. This section includes linguistic terms not previously noted in dictionaries, as well as individual articles on current problems and the history of linguistics, on methods for studying linguistic phenomena. Dictionary entries presented in three appendices will help the reader to better navigate in the search for additional information.

Such a construction makes the reference dictionary unique in nature and convenient for a systematic study of the problems of the Russian language.

The authors of the sections proceeded from their own understanding of the need to include certain terms and concepts, therefore, the lacunarity of the composition of the glossary and the presentation of the material is inevitable. However, this does not mean that any one point of view is presented in the encyclopedic dictionary. If necessary, direct statements of linguists were included in the dictionary entries or a statement of their views on understanding the essence of the problem or term was given, i.e. the presentation of language material is preserved in the author's version. The choice of terms, the presentation of the material are experimental in nature and necessitate verification in the practice of using the dictionary, so the authors will be grateful for all critical comments aimed at improving such a publication.

The idea of creating a real lexicographic work belongs to the honored worker of science Russian Federation and the Republic of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Philology Professor A.N. Tikhonov (1931-2003), who was the first head of the Laboratory of Educational Lexicography of Yelets State University. I.A. Bunin, therefore, the work on the encyclopedic reference dictionary was carried out mainly by the employees of this laboratory (Prof. A.N. Tikhonov, Prof. R.I. Khashimov, Prof., Candidate of Philological Sciences E.N. Tikhonova, Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor G.V. S. Zhuravleva, Candidate of Philological Sciences Associate Professor M.A. Lapygin).

Scientists from the Voronezh and Nizhny Novgorod State Universities were also involved in the creation of the dictionary: Doctor of Philology prof. A.M. Lomov, Doctor of Philology prof. L.V. Raciburskaya.

The preparation and publication of the dictionary was made possible thanks to the great support of Rector Yeletsky state university them. I.A. Bunin Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences Professor V.P. Kuzovlev, who pays great attention to the development of philological science and Russian culture.

HOW TO USE THE REFERENCE DICTIONARY

1. Dictionary structure

§ 1. The reference dictionary consists of the following sections and parts:

Part 1. General linguistic terms and concepts.

Part 2. Russian language, including the terminology of the disciplines “Phonetics. Phonology”, “Lexicology”, “Morfemics. Word formation”, “Morphology”, “Syntax”, “History of the Russian language. Dialectology”, “Orthoepy”, “Graphics. Spelling. Punctuation".

Part 3 Applications: No. 1. Information on lexicography; No. 2. Information about linguistic journals; No. 3. 100 languages of the indigenous peoples of Russia.

§ 2. Articles in each section encyclopedic dictionary- directory are arranged in alphabetical order. A general alphabetical list (glossary) is given at the end of the dictionary, including articles in the Appendix with an indication of the page where this article is placed.

2. Headwords

§ 3. The title word of the article is given in bold. capital letters and has an accent.

UPDATE.

ALLOLEXEME.

LEXICO-SEMANTIC METHOD OF WORD FORMATION.

§ 4. Terms in the Latin script are given at the end of dictionary entries for a given letter of the alphabet.

§ 5. If the term is a phrase, then direct word order is used and the term is given alphabetically by the first component of the terminological name.

AUTONOMY OF LEXICAL MEANINGS OF A MULTIPLE-SEMINATED WORD.

AREAL LINGUISTICS.

TYPOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF LANGUAGES.

3. Dictionary entry

§6. The dictionary entry has the following structure:

a) headword or phrase;

b) the title term is stressed;

c) if there is an option, it is given in brackets;

d) definition (interpretation) of a term or concept;

e) illustrative material;

f) list of references.

§ 7. To facilitate the understanding of a foreign term, the source of its origin is given in brackets, indicating, if necessary, the composition of the foreign word, for example:

AGIONIM(Greek agios "holy" + onima "name, name").

ADSTRATE(lat. ad “at, about” + stratum “layer, layer”).

ARGO(French argot "jargon").

PERSONALITY(lat. persona "face").

§ 8. If a linguistic concept has terms of a smaller semantic volume associated with it, then they are given in the same dictionary entry in light, spaced or bold type, for example:

DIGITS OF NUMERALS.

Fractional numbers.

Cardinal numbers.

Ordinals.

GRAMMAR.

Academic grammar.

University grammar.

Historical grammar.

Contrastive grammar.

Logical grammar.

Normative grammar. Normative and descriptive grammar.

Explanatory grammar.

Descriptive grammar.

Generating grammar.

Synchronous grammar.

Comparative grammar.

Comparative-historical grammar.

Universal Grammar.

formal grammar.

§ 9. The meanings of polysemantic terms are given under the numbers 1, 2, etc. (see, for example, articles SEMANTICS, PHRASEME).

§ 10. If the term has a synonym (the option is indicated in brackets), a shorter name used independently, then both terms are indicated, and synonymous terms are given at the end of the dictionary entry, while a more lengthy interpretation is given to the term that is more common in educational practice:

ABLAUTH (ABLAUTH)

GERMANISTICS. Syn. German linguistics.

INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGE FAMILY.

INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES. Syn. Indo-European family languages.

§ eleven. Separate terms have not only synonyms, but also antinomic / antonymic names:

EXTERNAL LINGUISTICS. Syn. extralinguistics. Ant. internal linguistics.

EXTERNAL SPEECH. Ant. inner speech.

§ 12. The compilers of the dictionary believe that the proposed definitions or interpretations of individual terms are self-sufficient. However, in order to understand the meaning of the term, its systemic connections, it becomes necessary to take into account its use in a broad context - in the system of terminology of a given linguistic concept or section of the science of language. To do this, in the dictionary it is sometimes advisable to compare the term with another or with a more general name of the corresponding linguistic phenomenon using the system of labels, links (see, syn., ant., cf.) at the end or in the text of a dictionary entry:

PRAGUE SCHOOL. Cm. structural linguistics- at the end of the dictionary entry.

ASTRONYM(cm. cosmonym) - in the text of the dictionary entry.

ATOMISTIC LINGUISTICS. Wed structural linguistics- at the end of the dictionary entry.

MACROTOPONYMICS. Syn. macrotoponymy. Ant. microtomonymy, microtoponymy. Cm. toponymy- at the end of the dictionary entry.

§ 13. If the term is ambiguous, then appropriate references, if necessary, are made to each meaning after interpretation:

INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE. 1. Syn. world language, world language, universal language, universal language. Cm. official language, work language. 2. See artificial language.

The educational and encyclopedic nature of the reference dictionary allowed the authors to combine, in some cases, thematically related terms and give one general dictionary entry. Such an approach will allow the reader to consider the linguistic problem as a whole and unite a group of terms in a particular system. Yes, in the article LETTER after interpreting the meaning of this general term, its specific meanings are revealed in terms of: Subject "writing". Pictography. Ideography. Phonography (word-syllabic writing, syllabic writing, phonological writing); after general characteristics term PRONOUN a description is given and relevant information about the linguistic phenomenon, concept is given: Personal pronouns. Interrogative pronouns. Indefinite pronouns. Definitive pronouns. Relative pronouns. negative pronouns. Possessive pronouns. Demonstrative pronouns. Return pronoun. Pronouns are demonstrative words.

4 . Illustrative material

§ 14. All illustrations are given in italics: some of them indicate the use of the term in a linguistic context, while others are quotations from the works of writers showing the functioning of this linguistic phenomenon in speech: SEMIOTIC. App. To semiotics: semioticcwhich system;POTAMONIM. A word or short phrase used to name rivers: Berezina, Tisza, White Nile;EPITHET(Greek epitheton "applied, added"). A word or phrase used in the function of a definition or circumstance with a certain stylistic coloring. An epithet is a stylistically significant (containing a trope or emphatically characterizing the subject of speech) word or phrase in the syntactic function of a definition or circumstance, for example: The fight goes holy and right(Twardowski); ... and the young city ... ascended magnificently, proudly(Pushkin).

§ 15. If in the quoted text it is necessary to highlight any word or morpheme, then the example is given in bold italics: MODAL WORDS. Modal words are unchangeable words expressing the relation of the whole statement or its parts to reality, grammatically not related to other words, but intonation distinguished in the structure of the sentence, for example: For some reason Yakov remembered that in his whole life he,Seems never caressed her(Chekhov). Fly to Marsof course , not difficult - for this you need only ultraliddite (probably It's kind of like gasoline(Tynyanov).

5. Abbreviations

§ 16. For the convenience of readers, given the educational and cognitive character dictionary, the minimum number of generally accepted linguistic abbreviations is used, including variant, author's abbreviations. A list of such abbreviations is given separately. The list does not include type abbreviations. see, etc., etc., etc., AD, cc., c., g. etc., as they are easily deciphered, read, accepted and widely used in any scientific and educational literature.

R. I. Khashimov

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

avest. - Avestan

AN - Academy of Sciences

English - English

ant. - antonym

arm. - Armenian

archaic - archaic

Belarusian - Belarusian

biol. - biological

Bulgarian - Bulgarian

bot. - botanical

bran. - abusive

in.-puddles. - Upper Lusatian

military - military

east-glory - East Slavic

issue - release

VYa - Questions of linguistics

geogr. - geographical

geol. - geological

ch. - main

Dutch - Dutch

bugle - mountain

state - state

gothic - gothic

Greek - Greek

rough-simple - rough-spacious

dB - decibel

dial.-dialect

dipl. - diplomatic

diss. - dissertation

add. - permissible

Assoc. - assistant professor

other-in.-it. - Old High German

other Greek - Ancient Greek

other ind. - Old Indian

other Russian - Old Russian

app. - notes

zap.-glor. - West Slavic

zvukopodr. - onomatopoeic

value - meaning

zool. - zoological

IAN. SLYA - Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences. Literature and Language Series.

fav. - elected

Izv. - news

iron. - ironic

excl. - exception

ist. - historical

art historian - art criticism

ital. - Italian

cand. - candidate

book. - book

caress - affectionate

lat. - latin

Latvian - Latvian

Leningrad State University - Leningrad State University

lit. - Lithuanian

LSV - lexical-semantic variant

LSG - lexical-semantic group

mat. - mathematical

MSU - Moscow State University

honey. - medical

places. - local

miner. - mineralogical

million - million

ms - millisecond

marine - marine

early - initial

NDVSh - Scientific reports of higher education

neutral - neutral

not right. - wrong

nesov. V., nsv - imperfect species

new - new

region - region

common slav. - Common Slavic

OLYA - Department of Literature and Language

official - official

ped. - pedagogical

trans. - portable

under. - similar

polit. - political

Polish - Polish

Portuguese - Portuguese

settlement - village

poet. - poetic

contempt. - contemptuous

neglected - dismissive

adj. - adjective

prod. - production

simple. - simple

vernacular - colloquial

prof. - professional

public - journalistic

unfold - colloquial

RAS - Russian Academy Sciences

ed. - editor

RR - Russian speech

Russian - Russian

RYAZR - Russian language abroad

RYANSH - Russian language in the national school

RYASH - Russian language at school

With. - page

SAN - Dictionary of Modern Russian literary language/ Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In-t rus. lang. T. 1-17. M.; L., 1948-1965

sard. - Sardinian

Sat. - collection

sowing - northern

sec. - second

ser. - middle

Serb. - Serbian

syn. - synonym

glory. - Slavic

owls. V., St.- perfect view

specialist. - special

old - old

st.-glor. - Old Church Slavonic

taj. - Tajik

abstract - theses

tech. - technical

tr. - works

thousand - thousand

Turk. - Turkic

Uzbek - Uzbek

Ukrainian - Ukrainian

obsolete - obsolete

uch. - scientist

physical - physical

philol. - philological

finance. - financial

FN - Philological Sciences

folk. - folklore

terms. – M.: Soviet Encyclopedia., 1966. Akhmanova O.S. Dictionary linguisticterms. 2nd edition. - M.: Soviet ...

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Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .

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Books

Dictionary of linguistic terms
Dictionary of Linguistic Terms, O.S. Akhmanov. The dictionary contains and explains about 7 thousand terms of all linguistic disciplines (phonetics, phonomorphology, morphology, syntax, lexicology, linguistic stylistics). The terms are accompanied by…

1. Akhmanova O.S. Dictionary of linguistic terms / O.S. Akhmanov. - M. : Editorial URSS, 2007. - 567p.

2. Big Dictionary Russian language / Ch. ed. S.A. Kuznetsov. - St. Petersburg. : Norint, 2010. - 1536 p.

3. Big orthoepic dictionary / Comp. E. N. Zubkova. - M. : LLC "House of the Slavic Book", 2012. - 928 p.

4. The culture of Russian speech: an encyclopedic reference dictionary / Ed. L. Yu. Ivanova, A. P. Skovorodnikova, E. N. Shiryaeva; RAN. Institute of the Russian Language. V.V. Vinogradov. – M.: Flinta; Science, 2003. – 840 p.

5. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language / S.I. Ozhegov; ed. N.Yu. Shvedova. – M.: Flinta: Nauka, 2008. – 797p.

6. Rosenthal D.E., Telenkova M.A. Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms / D.E. Rosenthal, M.A. Telenkova. - M.: Astrel: AST, 2009. - 624 p.

7. Russian language: Encyclopedia / Ed. Yu.N. Karaulova. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2008. - 704 p.

8. Dictionary of foreign words and expressions / Ed. E. S. Zenovich. - M.: AST: Olympus, 2006. - 784 p.

9. Dictionary of foreign words. - Minsk: Modern writer. 2006. - 608s.

10. Dictionary of structural words of the Russian language / V. V. Morkovkin, N. M. Lutskaya, G. F. Bogacheva and others - M .: Lazur, 2007. - 420 p.

11. Stylistic encyclopedic dictionary of the Russian language / Ed. M.N. Kozhina. – M.: Flinta: Nauka, 2008. – 696s.

12. Tikhonov A. N. Morphemic and spelling dictionary of the Russian language / A. N. Tikhonov. – M.: Astrel, AST, Harvest, 2007. - 704s.

Internet resources:

1. Diploma. Ru: reference and information portal "Russian language". − Access mode: http:// www.gramota.ru

2. Collection "Dictations - Russian" of the Russian General Educational Portal. − Access mode: http://language.edu.ru

3. Culture writing. − Access mode: http://www.gramma.ru

4. The world of the Russian word. − Access mode: http://www.rusword.org

5. National corpus of the Russian language: information and reference system. − Access mode: http://www.ruskorpora.ru

6. Rhetoric, Russian language and culture of speech, linguoculturology: electronic linguoculturological courses. − Access mode: http://gramota.ru/book/ritorika/

7. Philological portal Philology.ru. − Access mode: http://www.philology.ru

Educational edition

Olga Vasilievna Bondarenko

Irina Vasilievna Kostruleva

Elena Pavlovna Popova

Russian language and culture of speech

Tutorial

(lecture course)

Editor

Signed for seal _______

Format ____________ p. l. – ____ Uch.-ed. l. – ____.

Paper _______. Seal ________. Order Circulation ____ copies

Other books by the author:

Book	Description	Year	Price	book type
	The reference dictionary in a clear and accessible form for the teacher gives an interpretation of the most common in educational and methodical literature linguistic terms (about 2 thousand) - Enlightenment, (format: 60x90/16, 400 pages)	1985	540	paper book
	This dictionary contains about 20,000 words representing difficulties of a different nature. The reader will receive information about the spelling, pronunciation, word formation, learn grammar and ... - Iris-Press, (format: 70x100 / 32, 832 pages)	2016	236	paper book
Dictionary of difficulties of the Russian language		1985	280	paper book
Dictionary of difficulties of the Russian language	This dictionary is intended for a wide range of readers. It contains about 30,000 words representing difficulties of a different nature. If a word can cause some difficulty, then ... - Russian language, (format: 84x108 / 32, 704 pages)	1984	540	paper book
	The reference dictionary in a clear and accessible form for a language teacher gives an interpretation of the most common linguistic terms in educational literature in methodological literature (about 2 thousand) - Enlightenment, (format: 84x108 / 32, 543 pages)	1976	360	paper book
Dictionary of difficulties of the Russian language	This dictionary is a revised and expanded edition. It contains about 30,000 words representing difficulties of a different nature. The reader will receive a certificate of spelling, pronunciation… - Russian language, (format: 70x100/16, 414 pages)	1987	770	paper book
Directory of linguistic terms	The reference book gives an interpretation in a clear and accessible form for the teacher of the most common linguistic terms in the educational and methodological literature - Enlightenment, (format: 84x108 / 32, 496 pages) Methodological library of the school	1972	100	paper book
Dictionary of the difficulties of the Russian language. 20,000 words	This dictionary contains about 20,000 words representing difficulties of a different nature. The reader will receive information about the spelling, pronunciation, word formation, learn grammar and ... - Iris-press, (format: 70x100 / 32, 832 pages) From A to Z	2016	185	paper book

DICTIONARY OF LITERARY AND LINGUISTIC TERMS Allegory

Linguistic markers of translation of experience in (oral) narrative concept of research knowledge experience management of experience

Dictionary of literary and linguistic terms Allegory

See what "" is in other dictionaries:

Books

Other books by the author:

See also other dictionaries: