eloquent, eloquent; eloquent, eloquent, eloquent (bookish). 1. Gifted with oratorical talent. speaker. || Written convincingly and artistically. Eloquent speech. Eloquent letter. 2. trans. Expressive, conveying something. feeling or mood. sight. An eloquent handshake. gesture. 3. trans. Demonstrative, clear about something. testifying. fact. Eloquent figures exposed the speaker, who was trying to cover up the breakthrough. Facts speak eloquently enough (adv.).
Watch value Eloquent in other dictionaries
Eloquent- fluent
eloquent
soft-spoken
Synonym dictionary
Eloquent App.- 1. Distinguished by eloquence. 2. Full of eloquence. 3. trans. Without words, but very expressively conveying feelings or moods. // Convincing evidence of smth.
Dictionary Efremova
Eloquent- -th, -th; -chiv, -ah, -oh.
1. One who knows how to speak well, beautifully, has eloquence. K. speaker. K. interlocutor.
2. Stated expressively, skillfully; fulfilled........
Explanatory Dictionary of Kuznetsov
ELOQUENT- eloquent, th, th; -iv. 1. Gifted with eloquence. K. speaker. 2. trans. Expressive, vividly testifying to something. K. look. K. fact. || noun eloquence, and
Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
Eloquent… Spelling Dictionary
Magnificent, florid, prophetic, sweet-verbal, eloquent. What he says eloquently, you see, what a sight! Turg. He has the gift of words; he speaks eloquently. Wed… Synonym dictionary
eloquent, oh, oh; iv. 1. Gifted with eloquence. K. speaker. 2. trans. Expressive, vividly testifying to something. K. look. K. fact. | noun eloquence, and, wives. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
eloquent- extraordinarily eloquent... Dictionary of Russian Idioms
App. 1. Distinguished by eloquence. 2. Full of eloquence. 3. trans. Without words, but very expressively conveying feelings or moods. ott. Persuasive evidence of something. Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova
Eloquent, eloquent, eloquent, eloquent, eloquent, eloquent, eloquent, eloquent, eloquent, eloquent, eloquent, eloquent, eloquent, eloquent, eloquent, eloquent, ... ... Forms of words
eloquent- eloquent ... Russian spelling dictionary
eloquent - … Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language
eloquent- eloquent / vyy ... merged. Apart. Through a hyphen.
Aya, oh; chiv, ah, oh. 1. One who knows how to speak well, beautifully, has eloquence. K. speaker. K. interlocutor. 2. Stated expressively, skillfully; full of eloquence. Oh letter. What a performance. 3. Clearly and expressively conveying ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Books
- Carefree life, A. K. Sheler - Mikhailov. A special place in the fiction of the 60s - 90s of the XIX century belongs to A.K. Scheler-Mikhailov. He was one of those who for 40 years tried to stay true to the "sixties" - ... audiobook
- Over the cliff, A. K. Sheler - Mikhailov. A special place in the fiction of the 60s - 90s of the XIX century belongs to A.K. Scheler-Mikhailov. He was one of those who for 40 years tried to stay true to the "sixties" - ...
Benjamin Franklin gave his best speech at the convention in 1787 when the question of state structure America. Historian Clinton Rossiter called it "the most remarkable scene in his remarkable life" and Yale researcher Barbara Oberg called it "the climax of Franklin's life as a propagandist, a master of persuasion":
I acknowledge that I do not fully approve of this Constitution at this time. But I am not sure that I will never approve of it. Having lived a long life, I have been in many situations in which I was obliged, having received more accurate information or a complete set of facts on important issues, to change my opinion, which I previously considered correct, but later did not find it so.
The older I get, the more I tend to doubt the correctness of my own judgments and to respect the opinions of other people. Most people, like most sects and religions, think they have the ultimate truth, and whenever others disagree with them, they consider it a mistake.<…>
With such feelings, I accept this Constitution with all its shortcomings - if they are - because I think that we need a common government.<…>
When you gather a few people to benefit from their combined wisdom, you inevitably gather together all their prejudices, passions, erroneous opinions, private interests, and selfish views. Is it possible to expect an ideal result from such a meeting? So it surprises me that this system comes so close to perfection.
I think it will surprise our enemies, who are quite sure that our opinions are mixed, like the opinions of the builders of the Tower of Babel, and that the states are on the verge of division and are just waiting to cut each other's throats at the next meeting.
Thus, I agree with this Constitution because I do not expect a better one and because I am not sure that it is no longer the best.
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Campaigning - a call to active action, to the struggle for the implementation of an idea.
ALLEGORY - an allegorical, concrete-figurative rendering of abstract concepts, most often used in riddles and fables, as well as in the symbolic depiction of socially significant concepts: hammer and sickle - an allegory of workers and peasants.
ANAPHORA - the repetition of the initial elements (words or phrases) in several sentences that form the text: "We say: we are fighting, we are giving our last strength, we consider this war the only just and legitimate war."
Anecdote - a short humorous or satirical story of topical content, which, as a rule, exists orally; in public speech, an anecdote is often used as a compositional and stylistic device in order to enliven speech, characterize a phenomenon, maintain attention, fill a psychological pause, etc.
ANTITHESIS - a deliberate comparison of opposing concepts, facts, images, ideas: "The cat is happy, but the mouse is in tears."
ANTONYMS - words with the opposite meaning: young - old, freedom - slavery, strength - weakness, start - finish.
APOSTROPHE - an appeal to an absent person or to an inanimate object: "Where are you, friends of my youth!"
ARGUMENTS IN A LECTURE - psychological, logical and factual arguments (ideas, appeals, examples, facts, etc.) used by the lecturer to convince listeners and ways to apply these arguments.
ARCHAISMS - words and phrases that have become obsolete, obsolete and passed into the category of passive vocabulary: more than aspirations - “beyond expectation”, airplane “airplane”, brada - “beard”, obligatory - “ready to assist”.
ARCHITECTONICS - the same as construction, composition.
ASSOCIATION - the connection between ideas that reflect objects or phenomena that have some common (often insignificant) features, which is the reason that one idea causes another in the mind.
APHORISM - a deep generalizing thought, dressed in a laconic linguistic form: "Not a state - where one rules" (Sophocles). "Knowledge is power" (Bacon F.)
HOUSEHOLD VOCABULARY - words denoting the realities (objects, phenomena, events) of everyday life: run in - “drop in for a short time”, slippers - “slippers”, my “husband”, laundry, etc.
INTRODUCTORY WORDS AND CONSTRUCTIONS - words and phrases that do not have direct syntactic connections with the statement and indicate the speaker's attitude to speech (of course, unfortunately, of course), the order of arguments, individual phrases, certain fragments sounding text speech (for example, thus, so, firstly, etc.).
QUESTION-ANSWERING MOVE - a compositional and stylistic method of presentation, which consists in simulating a dialogue, in presenting the material in the form of questions (of various types and purposes) and answers to them given by the lecturer himself.
QUESTIONS OF LISTENERS - the most direct way to find out what is not learned by the listeners, understood by them insufficiently deeply or correctly, arouses further interest; one of the forms of direct contact between the lecturer and the audience, which especially urgently requires knowledge, self-control and tact from the speaker.
VULGARISMS - incorrect (in grammatical form), as well as rude, non-literary words and turns of speech: wants - “wants”, about this - “about this”, there - “there”, etc.
CONCLUSIONS - statements formulated at the end of the lecture (as well as at the end of sections of the lecture), containing the summary of what the speaker has stated, a summary assessment of the phenomena that were discussed.
EXPRESSIVE AND DESCRIPTIVE MEANS OF LANGUAGE - the possibilities inherent in the language of creating verbal clarity in speech, sensory-objective pictures, achieving its emotionality. The expressive and visual means of the language include tropes, sayings (proverbs, sayings, catchwords, etc.), compositional and stylistic devices, etc.
HYPERBOLE - a kind of paths, consisting in an exaggeration of the qualities, properties of the number of objects and phenomena: a bottomless abyss, waiting for an eternity.
GRADATION - speech turnover, built from homogeneous members with consistently increasing expressiveness, with a consistent increase in the semantic significance of words.
DIALECTISMS - words, forms of words and turns of speech characteristic of one or another folk dialect (dialect) - bases - “a yard for cattle”, helluva - “very”, chatter - “speak”, etc.
DIALOGUE is a conversation between two or more people. During the lecture, the dialogue can be clear, open (answering the questions of the audience, talking with them) and hidden (anticipating possible questions, objections, comments from the audience and the answers explained by the lecturer).
DIALOGIZATION - a compositional and stylistic device in a lecturer's speech, consisting in the introduction of elements of dialogue (questions, direct speech, dialogic quotations, etc.) into monologue speech
ACCESSIBILITY OF SPEECH - the quality of public speaking, which consists in the fact that the speaker selects facts, arguments, speech means with maximum consideration of the possibilities of speech perception in a particular audience, i.e., taking into account life experience, education, profession, age, horizons and interest of listeners.
INCLUDIBILITY OF SPEECH - the quality of public speaking, reflecting the speaker's ability to speak popularly, i.e. find the way of presentation (examples, evidence, formulations, language tools) that makes speech clear, understandable, despite the complexity of the topic.
GENRES OF ORatory, OR GENRES OF eloquence - varieties of oral, public speaking. The whole variety of genres can be ordered in the form of a genus-species classification. There are the following main types of eloquence: socio-political, academic - scientific, educational, social, lecture-propaganda (mass public lectures), judicial, military, commercial, church-theological (homiletics), as well as dialogic eloquence. Each genus includes several types and subspecies of oratory.
JARGON-ARGOTHIC VOCABULARY - words and turns of speech characteristic of the language of one or another relatively isolated social group, distinguished by age (youth jargon), professional (artistic, sports jargon), or other social sign (the once-existing "languages" of wandering traders, thieves' slang, etc.: sidekick - "comrade", tie up - "resolutely end with something", a hammer - "good" about a person), etc.
GESTURES - more or less delimitable and clearly perceived properties of the general motor skills (movements) of a person. associated with speech and communication (communication) between people in general. The main forks of motor skills are facial expressions (movements of the muscles of the face), pantomime - (movements of the whole body) and gestures (hand movements - gestures in the narrow sense of the word).
DETENTION OR RATARDATION - a speech turnover, a compositional stylistic device, consisting in a deliberate, pre-calculated delay in the presentation, in diverting attention from the subject of speech in order to increase the listeners' interest in it.
THE LAW OF THE END is a regularity derived from practice and experimentally confirmed by psychologists, the essence of which, in relation to public speaking, is that listeners better remember the initial and final phrases, fragments of speech. The law of the edge is one of the rules for the composition of a speech, requiring a particularly clear presentation of the topic, problems and objectives of the lecture (the initial fragment), as well as clearly formulating private and general conclusions, the final fragments of the speech.
THE BEGINNING OF THE LECTURE - compositional oratorical technique; the initial fragment of speech, the main meaning of which is to attract the attention of the audience, to quickly establish contact with the audience.
SELECTIVE LIMITATION OF KNOWLEDGE - one of the indicators of the culture of the lecturer's thinking, his ability to rationally choose and assimilate only the necessary information, consistently and in depth develop and disclose a certain topic in a lecture. The lecturer's self-restriction in the selection of information is the resolution of the dialectical contradiction between the amount of knowledge accumulated by mankind and the capabilities of an individual. One of the effective ways to resolve this contradiction in lecture propaganda is the specialization of lecturers.
ILLUSTRATION - a compositional and stylistic device in a lecturer's speech, which consists in using a variety of examples to explain what has been said; illustration can be verbal and subject.
IMPROVISATION - the ability of a speaker to speak without visible preparation, without preliminary development of a topic, relying on previously accumulated knowledge and skills of contacting the audience.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE VOCABULARY - words borrowed from other languages and included in vocabulary given language: army, biology, Bordeaux, orator, sanction.
SPEECH INTENSITY - the power of pronouncing sounds, words, speech turns, depending on the conditions of performances, on the premises (in a room, hall, on a square) and associated with the characteristics of speech breathing.
INTERNATIONAL VOCABULARY - words included in the vocabulary of a number of languages and denoting, as a rule, important universal concepts: revolution, advice, progress, organization.
INTONATION - rhythmic and melodic properties oral speech, performing semantic, syntactic and emotional-expressive functions. Intonation includes a number of elements: melody, tempo, rhythm, speech intensity, voice timbre, as well as phrasal, logical, emphatic stress.
INFORMATIVE SPEECH - the saturation of the content of the speech with new facts, topical issues, deep and objective assessments of phenomena considered in connection with the urgent, socially significant tasks solved by society.
INFORMATION - a compositional and stylistic device in a lecturer's speech, which consists in reporting events and facts, the state of affairs in any area, usually without detailed commentary or analysis.
IRONY - an allegory containing ridicule, a negative assessment of the subject of speech or any of its individual qualities: denial under the guise of affirmation.
CHANNELS OF SPEECH INFLUENCE - the main ways in which information is received by listeners through sounding speech. There are two main channels of speech influence: linguistic and paralinguistic.
OFFICE - words and speech turns, taken, as a rule, from the office-business style and transferred to speech of other stylistic characteristics. Chancellery in oral speech is devoid of brightness, individuality, imagery, they give it dryness and stereotypedness: to help (instead of the more appropriate in public speech - to help), in the autumn period of time (instead of in autumn), etc.
COMMENTARY is a compositional and stylistic device in a lecturer's speech, consisting in explaining, interpreting, interpreting events and phenomena.
COMPOSITIONAL AND STYLISTIC TECHNIQUES - varieties of monologue presentation (information, description, characterization, recollection, commentary, illustration, dialogization, etc.), differing in methodological purpose, manner of speech, argumentation, stylistic means and related to the nature of the material and the purpose of the speech. In a public lecture, compositional and stylistic devices often alternate, complementing and enriching each other and creating a common flavor of speech.
COMPOSITION OF A LECTURE - a real-speech structure of a speech, which reflects the ratio of the parts of the lecture according to their intended purpose (introduction, introduction, main part, etc.), according to stylistic features (narration, information, commentary, etc.), according to volume - introduction, main part, conclusion; according to the ratio of theory and facts, rational and emotional.
SPECIFICATION - compositional and stylistic device. allowing the speaker to develop, detail, deepen, connect with practice previously expressed general provisions.
CONTEXT - a coherent text (or a fragment of text, relatively complete in terms of semantics), which allows you to determine the specific meaning of its elements - words and sentences.
SPECIFICITY OF SPEECH - the quality of public speaking, reflecting the speaker's ability to consider precise, definite facts and phenomena and give them scientific and political assessments, to address listeners with specific, real, practical recommendations.
CONTACT WITH LISTENERS - the relationship between the lecturer and the audience, which develops during a speech under the influence of objective and subjective factors (the topic of the lecture, the time of the speech, knowledge, the methodical skill of the speaker, his erudition, authority, etc.) expressed in the degree of interest and attention of the audience to the spoken word.
ENDING OF THE LECTURE - compositional oratorical technique; the final fragment of speech, which allows you to "round" it, to give compositional completeness, textual completeness.
eloquence - 1) oratory: judicial eloquence, diplomatic eloquence, lecture-propaganda eloquence, dialogic eloquence; 2) the gift of speech, speech skill, oratorical talent.
WINGED WORDS - stable turns of speech, which, as a rule, are of book origin and are distinguished by accuracy, figurativeness, expressiveness, laconicism: "Fresh legend, but hard to believe."
ITALIC - font selection by the slope of the letters of certain outlines of words and sentences in the text in order to draw the reader's attention to them.
CONCESSION OF SPEECH - the quality of public speech, reflecting the ability of the speaker, remaining extremely understandable and clear, to speak briefly, clearly, following the rule: “So that words are cramped, thoughts are spacious” (Nekrasov N.A.).
VOCABULARY - the totality of all the words of a language.
LECTOR'S LEXICON - the speaker's vocabulary, which reflects the degree of possession of lexical riches literary language. The richness and diversity of the lecturer's vocabulary is one of the prerequisites for culture and skill.
LECTURE AND PROPAGANDISTIC eloquence - main types: a) lectures: scientific-theoretical, scientific-popular, scientific-methodical; b) film-lectures, lecture-concert, lecture-excursion; c) lecture - information, reporting, conversation, recollection, instruction, demonstration, etc.; d) cycle lecture, introductory lecture, one-time lecture, etc.
LECTURE - CONVERSATION - public speech of the lecturer with the active participation of listeners in the exchange of views.
LECTURE - MEMORY - a public story about historical (or less significant) events, of which the speaker was a participant or witness.
LECTURE - INSTRUCTION - public speaking, pursuing. The goal is to theoretically prepare students to perform any work.
LECTURE - INFORMATION - a public message about a fact, phenomenon, events unknown to the listeners without commenting on them.
LECTURE - CONCERT - a public story that accompanies the performance of a work of art, for example, symphonic music.
LECTURE - SHOW - a public story about the methods and techniques of work, during which the narrator (lecturer) demonstrates how to perform certain labor operations.
LECTURE - REPORTAGE - a public story about what he saw and learned during an excursion to another country, historical place, construction site, etc.
LECTURE - EXCURSION - a public story that accompanies an inspection of a historical place, exhibition (for example, an art gallery, construction site, factory, museum, etc.).
LITOTA - a deliberate underestimation of the qualities, properties, number of objects and phenomena, as well as an affirmation with an equivalent denial: boy - with a finger, wait a second.
PERSONALITY - LECTOR - a set of individual qualities of a speaker (mind, ideological conviction, erudition, gift of speech, methodical skill, ethical principles, etc.), which largely determine the reaction of listeners and the impact of the speech as a whole.
LOGICAL PAUSE - a significant pause, the role of which is the correct division of the text into semantic pieces by connecting words into groups (speech beats) and separating groups from each other.
LOGICAL STRESS - highlighting (by strengthening the voice or raising the tone) a word or phrase as the most important semantic element of a sounding sentence.
SLOGAN - an appeal in an emotional and concise language form that defines an urgent social task or expresses praise, toast, public approval of something, etc.
MASS COMMUNICATION - linguistic communication, diverse in subject matter, covering the broad masses of people and using the press, radio, television and cinema, tape and recordings for this.
SKILL - high culture, artistic expressiveness, stylistic accuracy, evidence and persuasiveness of speech, resulting from the purposeful work of the speaker in the field of theory and practice of oratory.
METAPHOR - 1) transferring the property of another object to one object, verbal convergence of two phenomena by similarity or contrast: sharpness of mind (cf. sharpness of a blade), losing patience (cf. losing a wallet); 2) since the metaphor is built on a hidden comparison (auricle), personification (whisper of foliage) and other paths, it is often understood as a metaphor any allegory, indirect, figurative expression concepts.
METONYMY - replacing one word with another based on the expression of concepts, the contiguity of the designated objects: “to love Pushkin” (instead of “to love Pushkin's poems”).
POLYSEALNESS OF A WORD - the ability of many words to denote not one, but several concepts that are close in some respect: to throw (with flowers) - to express special respect, love; throw sand - fall asleep; throw grenades - destroy. The ambiguity of a word requires attention from the lecturer, since it can lead to a positive result (play on words, figurativeness, subtext), and to negative consequences (ambiguity), ambiguity of the content of the statement.
Verbosity - the speaker's inability to formulate his thoughts concisely, without unnecessary words, unnecessary reservations and digressions from the subject of speech. Verbosity of speech reduces the informativeness and impact of the lecture.
MORPHOLOGICAL NORM - language norm in the field of inflection: engineers (and not engineers), we want (and we don’t want), with both hands (and not with both hands), three workers (and not three workers).
MORPHOLOGY - a grammatical doctrine of the structure, forms of change and classification of words.
A monologue is a speech addressed to the audience by one person. The nature of the monologue lecture depends on the speaker's ability to use various compositional and stylistic presentation techniques.
VISIBILITY is one of the principles of learning theory (didactics), which involves the use of such facts, examples, arguments that are accessible to direct observation, direct perception by the senses. In lecture propaganda, there is a distinction between object and verbal visibility (figurativeness of speech).
SCIENTIFIC VOCABULARY - book and special words (terms) peculiar to the language scientific works: infix, paradigm, hypotaxis, metathesis (linguistics); neutron, meson, electron (physics); rent, surplus value, capital (economy), etc.
NEOLOGISMS - words and turns of speech that have recently appeared in journalism, poetry, oral statements, etc.: BAM, snuggle, lavsan, sickle hammer (about a passport in the poetry of V. Mayakovsky).
IMAGE - SPEECH - the property of a sounding word to carry information not only in an abstract-logical, conceptual, but also in a subject-sensory form. The imagery of speech makes it bright, expressive, facilitates the perception and memorization of information, and combines scientific understanding of facts with artistic ones.
APPEAL - a word or phrase denoting a person (less often an object) to whom the author refers. The main purpose of the appeal is to attract the attention of the audience and express the lecturer's attitude towards them.
GENERAL PHRASES - fragments of a lecture (or other public speech) containing a bare, abstract repetition, although correct, but long-known provisions that are not related to specific cases and therefore sound annoying and draining.
PERSONIFICATION - the animation of the inanimate, the use of the names of objects, phenomena, ideas in speech as if these names denote living beings: the wind knocks on the window, the ocean groans, the poet was lit up with inspiration.
HOMONYMS - words that sound the same, but are different in meaning: the key is “master key”, the key is “spring”, the key is “note mark”.
DESCRIPTION - compositional and stylistic device in the lecturer's speech, which is detailed story(about an event, meeting, city, monument, etc.), which often includes insignificant, but interesting details.
ORPHEPY - 1) a set of language rules that predetermine the uniform pronunciation of sounds, combinations of sounds, the uniformity of stress for all speakers of a given literary language; 2) a section of linguistics that studies these rules.
PARADOX - a thought verbally formulated as, at first glance, a contradictory statement, diverging from the generally accepted point of view: "People are not gods: they can do anything!"
PARONYMS - words similar in sound, but different in meaning: dress - put on, manage - manage, problematic - problematic.
PASSIVE VOCABULARY - words and expressions known to the speaker, but rarely used by him. The passive vocabulary of a particular person, as a rule, includes archaisms (barber "hairdresser", aviator "pilot"), historicisms (armyak, clerk, tax in kind), terminology of other professions, etc.
PAUSE - a break in sounding speech due to physiological, grammatical, psychological or logical factors.
PATHOS OF SPEECH - the emotionality of speech, the stylistic elevation of the language, the expressiveness of intonation and manners. The pathos of speech is a consequence of the inspiration of the speaker, his passion, dedication. Inspiration, deep conviction.
REtelling is a compositional and stylistic device in a lecturer's speech, consisting in the transfer by the speaker of the content of a book, article, someone else's statement or opinion.
PERIPHRASE or PERIPHRASE - replacement of the name of an object with its description based on comparison, metaphor, etc. : “the sun of Russian poetry” (i.e. A.S. Pushkin), “the great writer of the Russian land” (i.e. L.N. Tolstoy).
PLAN - the sequence and interconnection of the subject-thematic parts of a public speech, as well as the fixation (usually written) of this structure in the form of a list of key concepts or briefly formulated judgments.
NARRATORY is a compositional and stylistic technique in lecturer's speech, the essence of which is that there is an oral detailed transmission of any information.
REPEAT - repetition of the same word or phrase in order to highlight, emphasize the essential in speech.
SAYING - a stable folklore expression containing an emotionally - figurative characteristic of a phenomenon. A saying, unlike a proverb, always appears in speech as part of a judgment (sentence): this person does not go into his pocket for a word; he always knocks from a sick head to a healthy one.
PARABLE - a short story that allegorically reveals any moral, aesthetic, philosophical, etc. principle: “There is a huge crowd waiting on the road. - Who are you waiting for? - asked the sage. - We were told that Freedom should pass here. - Fools! If you go towards Freedom, you will never see it ... ”(J. Rodari).
SIMPLICITY OF SPEECH - the ability to speak clearly and intelligibly, without complications and far-fetched images, false pathos, vague allegories.
PROFESSIONALISMS - words and speech turns characteristic of the language of people of certain professions: compass, cook, bottle, galley (in the speech of sailors); planer, jointer, sherhebel (in the speech of carpenters).
DIRECT SPEECH - the transmission of someone else's statement while maintaining all its features, one of the oratorical methods of dialogizing speech.
SPEAKING VOCABULARY - common words characteristic of oral, everyday, informal communication: drop in (drop in on occasion), blurt out (say out of place), three rubles (three rubles), etc.
REFLECTION is a compositional and stylistic device in a lecturer's speech, the meaning of which is that the lecturer speaks out loud, not hiding from the audience his doubts, reflections, contradictory train of thought, as if offering the audience to go along with him the path leading to the truth.
REPLICA - 1) answer, objection, remark of one of the participants in the dialogue to another; 2) a remark of the listener from the seat, from the audience directly during the speaker's speech.
SPEECH - (as opposed to language) - the activity of the speaker, the sounding language.
SPEECH RHYTHM - the alternation of stressed and unstressed, long and short syllables and other language units, as well as the alternation of pauses and sound in public speech.
RHETORIC - 1) the theory of oratory; a book containing such a theory; 2) in a figurative sense - the emptyness of speech, hidden behind its external beauty and saturation of the syllable.
Rhetorical exclamation - a particularly emotional statement or denial, a statement of a fact or thought, accompanied by an exclamatory intonation: "O times, o mores!" (Cicero).
ORIGINALITY OF SPEECH - the originality, individuality, originality of the speaker's speech as a result of the reflection in it of the qualities of the speaker's personality and masterful, creative language skills.
SARKASM is a caustically mocking, incriminating characteristic of a person or phenomenon.
SYNONYMS - words close, but not identical in their meaning: increase, intensify, increase, increase; huge, enormous, great.
SYNTAX - 1) a set of language rules for constructing phrases and sentences; 2) a section of linguistics that studies these rules.
COMPARISON - a comparison of two objects (or phenomena) in order to characterize one of them, unknown, through the properties of the other, known: fast, like a thought; blushed like cancer.
STYLE OF LITERARY LANGUAGE - a kind of language that characterizes the selection of such means from diverse language reserves that best meet the tasks of communication between people in given conditions. In accordance with the most typical situations (conditions) of communication in the literary language, five main functional styles are distinguished: colloquial-everyday, scientific, official-business, oratorical-journalistic and literary-artistic.
STYLE - a way of doing something, characterized by a set of unique techniques; a set of distinctive features (manners, habits, nature of work, speech characteristics, etc.), which allows one to contrast the behavior and activities of one person with another and which is used to confirm or refute theoretical positions.
TAUTOLOGY - functionally unjustified, leading to verbosity, the repetition of words and phrases that are close in meaning: a memorial monument, my autobiography, seven students, etc.
TACT OF A LECTOR is one of the ethical qualities of a speaker, expressed in a respectful and attentive attitude towards the audience, taking into account their ability to perceive material of varying complexity, their experience, knowledge, interests in the ability and desire to give detailed answers to their questions.
TOPIC - the main subject area of the speaker's reasoning, within which he makes a selection of life phenomena to be considered in the lecture. The theme is the source material, the stage of developing the plan and composition of a public speech, determining its purpose.
VOICE TEMB - a sound coloration characteristic of both a voice (bass, baritone, tenor, soprano, etc.), as well as the voice of an individual. The timbre coloration creates certain emotionally expressive shades of sounding speech (“cheerful”, “sad”, “offended”, “resolute”).
SPEECH TEMP - the speed of pronouncing syllables, words and sentences in the process of public speech.
ACCURACY OF SPEECH - efficiency, clarity, accuracy, logical persuasiveness, conciseness, linguistic perfection of public speaking.
DEFAULT or APOSIOPEZA - 1) speech turnover, consisting in not agreeing, caused by the speaker's excitement or his desire to give a special meaning to what was said; 2) the inclusion in the speech of turns of the type: I will not tell you that ... There is no need to remind you that ... - in order to avoid an unpleasant impression that the listeners may have due to what the lecturer repeats (although and by necessity) well-known thoughts, "common" truths, etc.
FACTS IN THE LECTURE - the specific material of the event, phenomenon, dates, figures, historical, scientific, everyday and other data), on which the analyzes in the lecture are built.
FIGURES - special syntactic constructions, methods of syntactic construction of a phrase in oratory (inversion, anaphora, ellipsis, antithesis, parallelism, etc.)
CHARACTERISTIC - a compositional and stylistic device in a lecturer's speech, which consists in revealing the distinctive properties, positive and negative qualities of a person or phenomenon.
ARTISTICITY OF SPEECH - the presence in public speaking of living pictures that allow not only to comprehend what was heard, but also how to perceive it with all the senses and - to see, hear, touch, etc. Artistry as a property of it means of expression, as the quality of the content of the speech and as a property of its form, is the result of a perfect command of the language, all its figurative and expressive means.
THE PURPOSE OF THE SPEECH is the practical orientation of the speaker's speech, depending on the topic of the lecture, the nature of the problem with which the topic is related, and the characteristics of the audience.
QUOTATIONS - verbatim fragments of someone else's speech or article reproduced by the speaker to confirm their own point of view, for polemics with the quoted author and for other purposes.
QUOTATION - a compositional and stylistic device in a lecturer's speech, consisting in the literal transmission of someone else's statement or opinion as a fact to be considered or as an argument.
PRIVATE METHODOLOGY - methodological patterns that depend on the characteristics of the topic and the specific audience.
SPECIAL CONCLUSIONS - conclusions with which the lecturer concludes certain parts of his speech. Particular conclusions are one of the techniques that make it easier for listeners to assimilate and memorize the material.
PURITY OF SPEECH - compliance of the sounding word with the norms of the literary language, clarity and accessibility of the language form of public speaking.
STAMP IN SPEECH - hackneyed, hackneyed expressions in which the main components are words that have the most general and indefinite meaning.
EUPHEMISM - replacement of a direct name giving negative characteristic, allegorical turns, as if softening the sharpness of assessments.
EXPRESSIVE SPEECH - the expressiveness of the speaker's language, what makes the speech impressive, vivid, influencing, thanks to the pathos of the lecturer, the emotionality of the speech, the figurative manner of presentation.
EXPROMP - performance without preparation, the same as improvisation.
EMOTIONALITY OF SPEECH - revealing in speech feelings, mood, temperament of the speaker, his attitude to the subject of speech and to the audience.
EPIGRAPH - a catch phrase, a quote, a vivid saying placed by the author in front of the text as an indication of the main idea, theme or general focus of the work.
EPITET - a figurative, expressive definition that reveals the essential features of a phenomenon.
HUMOR is a gentle, good-natured mockery as an expression of a person's ability to notice and reveal to other people the funny aspects of life phenomena. Humor testifies to the dialectic of thinking, the sobriety of a person's views, his humanism, self-criticism and resilience. In public speech, humor is an effective means of establishing contact with the audience.
LANGUAGE - (unlike speech) - an objectively existing, historically established system of means of verbal expression of thoughts for the purpose of communication between people; language is a system of signs characterized by a certain sound, grammatical and semantic structure.
CLARITY OF SPEECH - the semantic transparency of a speech, ensuring its intelligibility and comprehensibility by listeners.
| Explanatory note. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thematic plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Course content. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exam questions in rhetoric. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Test tasks on rhetoric Supporting concepts on rhetoric References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oratory in ancient world. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bourgeois oratory of the 18th - 20th centuries. . . . . . . . Russian oratory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revolutionary eloquence in Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The development of Soviet oratory. . . . . . . . . . . . . Academic eloquence in Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genera and types of oratory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Theme, purpose and genre of the performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Collection of materials and work with them. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Working on the main part. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Semantic models in speech (tops).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preparing an introductory speech. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preparation of the conclusion of the speech. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic rules of the art of the expressive word. . . . . . . . Proof. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Argumentation technique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Features of a business conversation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Practical recommendations for conducting business conversations. . . . Refutation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discussion and controversy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Socio-psychological characteristics of the audience. . . . . . . . . . The personality of the speaker and the style of his speech. . . . . . . . . . . . . Listening is the most important means of communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . Stylistic features of speech. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Functional-semantic types of speech. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Imagery and expressiveness of language. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visual and technical means and their use in speech. . Gestures in oral presentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asking questions and techniques for answering them. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A short dictionary of terms of eloquence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table of contents |
The eyes are as expressive as the lips.
Japanese proverb
Ostap hasn't eaten anything since yesterday.
Therefore, his eloquence was unusual.
Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov. Twelve Chairs
Eloquence (Eloquence) as a quality of a person is the ability to master oratory, the gift of speech, to speak beautifully, with inspiration, stylishly, and most importantly, intelligibly and convincingly.
One man, traveling through the wilderness, met a group of animals who were holding a contest in eloquence. The judge was a lion who invited a man to join as a spectator. The man accepted the invitation. The fox stood up and made a smooth and intelligent speech. To summarize his speech in a nutshell, he claimed that the moon is larger than the sun. The next speaker was an elephant, whose voice sounded powerful and authoritative. His speech included the thought, "Summer is colder than winter." Then the tiger spoke, whose eloquence greatly impressed everyone. One of his statements was: "The river flows up the slope." A man observing all this remarked to the lion: - They are all excellent speakers. However, I am puzzled. They all make statements that are patently false. But not only that: the audience either doesn't notice it or doesn't care. Why are your speakers making false claims? “It's just a bad habit, don't worry,” said the lion, “but the audience is more interested in performance than enlightenment or enlightenment. And one more thing, if you don't mind, I would like to point out that we have adopted this bad habit from you people.
An eloquent agent, describing to a potential buyer of the farm the dignity of the area, said: - To become a paradise, this farm lacks only good people and water. “Hell lacks the same,” remarked the buyer.
The power of eloquence can be judged from the words of Plato about his teacher Socrates: “When I listen to him, my heart beats much stronger than that of the raging corybants, and tears flow from my eyes from his speeches; the same thing, as I see it, is happening to many others ... I am now experiencing the same thing as a person bitten by a viper ... I was bitten harder than anyone else, and moreover, in the most sensitive place - in the heart, call it what if you like, bitten and wounded by philosophical speeches that bite into young and gifted souls stronger than a snake, and can make you do and say anything you want.
Eloquence is a short and intelligible truth. If someone thinks that eloquence is the ability to ornately balabol, to warm the ears of the public for several hours, he is mistaken. Chatter like A.F. Kerensky or L.D. Trotsky, it is not clear what, in very beautiful words - this is not eloquence, but verbiage, populism and empty ranting. Do you remember from Vladimir Vysotsky: “He said, wringing his hands, rhetoric and troublemaker about the impotence of science in the face of the mystery of Bermuda”? Eloquence is the ability to express the truth bitingly, convincingly and, most importantly, intelligibly. The secret of eloquence is in the rejection of superfluous words. The sacred treatises have succeeded in this. The truths in them are expressed briefly.
The French mathematician Blaise Pascal wrote: “Eloquence is the art of speaking in such a way that those to whom we are addressing listen not only without difficulty, but also with pleasure, and so that, captured by the topic and spurred on by pride, they want to delve deeper into it.”
When a person works on a word, like Vladimir Mayakovsky, he will inevitably hone his speech, achieve eloquence. The poet stated:
Poetry is the same extraction of radium.
In grams of extraction, in years of labor.
Issuing a single word for the sake of
Thousands of tons of word ore. …
And what is the result?
Poems are worth
lead-hard,
ready for death
and immortal glory.
The poems are frozen
pressing the vent to the vent
targeted
gaping titles.
favorite
rush in boom,
wit cavalry,
raising rhymes
sharpened peaks.
The outstanding Russian judicial orator and theoretician of eloquence A.F. Koni (1844–1927) wrote a lot about oratory as true creativity, not devoid of artistry and even elements of poetry. Koni wrote: “Eloquence is also literary creativity, but in oral form. The orator, like the poet, has a creative imagination, and the difference between them is that they approach the same reality from different points of view.
True eloquence, coming from a pure heart, gets into the hearts of people. It overwhelms the mind and senses. The mind later grasps what has been said. At first, people with bated breath in complete silence listen to genuine eloquence.
The preacher was a famous orator. But he once admitted to his friends that his eloquence could not be compared in efficiency with the laconic statements of the Master. After spending a week with the Master, he figured out the secret. - When the Master speaks, his words create silence. My speech, alas, generates thought.
False eloquence - eloquence, arrogance and pomposity obscure the true meaning of words, hypocrisy and pretend. That is why the Buddha once said, "What is the use of a man's eloquence if he does not follow his own words?" Faking eloquence, they compromise it as a virtuous personality trait. Even Lao Tzu fell into this trap of fakes, saying: True words not graceful. Beautiful words are not trustworthy. Kind is not eloquent. The eloquent cannot be kind. He who knows does not prove, he who proves does not know. And he: " moral man not eloquent, but eloquent is a liar.
Acting is alien to eloquence. Artistry - yes, inherent, acting - no. A person with demonstrated eloquence will not dress up and be drawn in a favorable light for himself. People around unmistakably see in the personified eloquence a bright, charismatic, gifted personality, see the brilliance and depth of her mind, read her emotionality and create an image in their head successful person endowed with many attractive personality traits.