Umk, or educational and methodological complexes for elementary school. The main educational program of primary general education for educational institutions working on the teaching materials "Perspective" What formed the basis for the creation of the teaching and learning

Primary school is the most important stage in the process general education schoolboy. In four years, he needs not only to master the program material subject disciplines, but also to learn to learn - to become a "professional student".

Teacher Responsibility primary school has always been exceptional, but in the context of the introduction of the federal state educational standard for primary general education, it is increasing significantly. In this regard, the qualitative methodological support of the educational process in primary school is extremely important and relevant. Therefore, starting work with the first class, we all think about which teaching method to choose. I chose "Perspective" and do not regret it.

The Perspektiva educational and methodological complex has been published by the Prosveshchenie publishing house since 2006, annually replenished with new textbooks. The complex was created in parallel with the development of the Federal State Educational Standard of primary general education, the requirements of which have found their theoretical and practical implementation in TMC textbooks"Perspective".

UMK "Perspektiva" was created within the walls of the Federal Institute for the Development of Education, which is headed by the head of the Department of Personality Psychology of Moscow State University, Academician A.G. Asmolov. I think this surname is known to everyone and does not need comments.

The methodological basis of the new complex is a system-activity approach. SLIDE 3 In this regard, in the textbooks of the Perspektiva EMC, tasks aimed at including children in activities are built into a system that allows you to build the learning process as a two-way one:

Education as a means of forming universal educational activities and personal qualities junior schoolchildren

Learning as a goal - obtaining knowledge in accordance with the requirements for the results of mastering the main educational program GEF.

The orientation of the set to achieve in the process of learning the result determined by the Federal State Educational Standard can be designated by four theses that reflect the ideology of the UMC "Perspectives". SLIDE 4

"I am in the world and the world is in me":it is important that training contributes to the construction of the image of "I" (the formation of a self-concept), which allows:

to form a civic identity - a sense of ownership and pride in their homeland, people and history, awareness of a person's responsibility for the welfare of society;

to form the perception of the world as unified and integral with a variety of cultures, nationalities, religions, the rejection of division into “us” and “them”, respect for the history and culture of each people

to form self-esteem and emotionally positive attitude towards oneself, criticality to one's actions and the ability to adequately evaluate them;

To form a sense of beauty and aesthetic feelings based on acquaintance with world and domestic artistic culture;

comprehend their social roles, the rules of interaction with the outside world;

create conditions for self-determination, meaning formation;

to teach to give a moral and ethical assessment of an event, action, deed;

encourage independent actions and actions, taking responsibility for their results.

"I want to learn!": the child often asks the question “why?”, he is interested in knowing everything and everything, our task is to maintain this interest, but at the same time:

develop broad cognitive interests, initiative and curiosity, motives for knowledge and creativity;

to form purposefulness and perseverance in achieving goals, readiness to overcome difficulties and life optimism;

to form the ability to learn and the ability to organize their activities (plan, adjust, control and evaluate their activities).

"I communicate, so I learn": the learning process is impossible without communication. It is important to build the learning process on the basis of subject-subject rather than subject-object communication. This will generate:

respect for others - the ability to listen and hear a partner, recognize the right of everyone to their own opinion and make decisions taking into account the positions of all participants; willingness to openly express and defend one's position, to conduct a constructive dialogue;

form information culture- learn to receive information from various sources, analyze it, find the necessary sources of knowledge and, of course, work with a book.

"In a healthy body healthy mind!":it is important not only to maintain health in the learning process, but also to teach children to take care of it.

form attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle;

to form intolerance and the ability to counteract actions and influences that pose a threat to the life, health and safety of the individual and society within their capabilities.

The main goal of UMK "Perspektiva" SLIDE 5 is a comprehensive harmonious development of the personality (spiritual, moral, cognitive, aesthetic), implemented in the process of mastering school subject disciplines.

The main tasks of UMK "Perspektiva" are: SLIDE 6

General cultural development- formation of a holistic picture of the world (image of the world) based on the integration of cultural experience in the unity of scientific and figurative-artistic forms of knowledge of the world;

- personal development- formation of the identity of a Russian citizen in a multicultural multinational society; value and moral development of the student, which determines his attitude to social peace and the world of nature, to itself; readiness for personal choice and acceptance of responsibility for it; the ability to cooperate on an equal footing based on respect for the personality of another person; tolerance for the opinions and positions of others;

- cognitive development- development of cognitive motives, initiative and interests of the student based on the connection of content subject with the life experience and value system of the child; harmonious development of conceptual and logical and figurative and artistic thinking; formation of readiness for action in new, non-standard situations; development of the creative potential of the individual;

- formation of educational activity- formation of the ability to learn, independently acquire new knowledge and skills, organizing the process of assimilation; development of the ability to self-improvement;

Development of communicative competence- ability to organize and implement joint activities; exchange information and interpersonal communication, including the ability to understand a partner

Lyudmila Georgievna PETERSON SLIDE 7

Lyudmila Georgievna PETERSON -scientific adviser of UMK "Perspektiva", author of the concept.

Ludmila Georgievna Peterson- doctor pedagogical sciences, professor, director of the Center for system-activity pedagogy "School 2000 ..." of the Academy of PC and PPRO, Honorary Worker of the Higher vocational education Russian Federation, laureate of the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of education for 2002, author of the didactic system of the activity method of teaching and the existing mathematics textbooks "Learning to Learn" for preschoolers, elementary and high school.

For several decades, L.G. Peterson led the development of a new pedagogical toolkit that allows the teacher not only to provide high level mathematical training of children, but also to create those super-subject skills and abilities that formed the basis of the modern Standard of Education.
Didactic system of L.G. Peterson is the basis of the concept of the system of textbooks "Perspective", and the course of mathematics "Learning to learn" has become its system-forming part.

SLIDE 8

Lyudmila Fedorovna KLIMANOVA is well known as the author of articles, manuals, textbooks and programs on the Russian language and literary reading for elementary school.

Her many years of research in the field of teaching reading to primary schoolchildren formed the basis of the author's program "Literary Reading" and a series of textbooks "Native Speech" for grades 1-4, which Klimanov developed together with V.G. Goretsky and M.V. Golovanova.

Lyudmila Fedorovna's textbooks "ABVGDeika", "Reader", "Draw, think, tell", "My alphabet", "I write beautifully" (co-authored with S.G. Makeeva. L.Ya. Zheltovskaya and others), on which younger students have been studying with pleasure for many years.

Klimanova is the author of the program "Introduction to Literature" and a unique system of teaching literacy on a communicative-cognitive basis, which allows you to form elementary ideas about the language as the most important means of communication and knowledge of the world around.
It was this system that formed the basis of the new generation of textbooks on teaching literacy, the Russian language and literary reading, which are published as part of the Perspektiva teaching materials.

SLIDE 9

Andrey Anatolyevich PLESHAKOV is a well-known author of textbooks, workbooks, tests and other manuals on the world around him: in the 90s, younger schoolchildren studied according to his "Natural Studies", and now - according to the textbooks "The World Around Us".

A.A. Pleshakov wrote the amazing books "Green Pages" - about wildlife and "The Giant in the Glade, or the First Lessons of Ecological Ethics" - about how to become a kind Giant, a friend to all living things. Andrey Anatolyevich developed the first in Russia atlas-key for elementary school "From Earth to Sky" and courses for additional education"Ecology for junior schoolchildren" and "Planet of riddles".

Currently, Andrey Anatolievich Pleshakov, together with Marina Yuryevna Novitskaya, is working on a new generation of textbooks on the world around for the Perspektiva educational and methodological set of the Academic School Textbook series, which are published by the Enlightenment publishing house.

A very interesting part of UMK Perspective aretechnological maps

"Technological map" - a new type of methodological products that provide the teacher with effective and high-quality development of new training course by moving from lesson planning to design educational process by topics. The technological map describes the learning process in a certain structure and in a given sequence. SLIDE 10

Routing allows:

implement the standard of education;
understand and apply in the system the proposed technology for the formation of universal learning activities among students;
to form a holistic picture of the world through the real use of "intersubject communications";
to fully use the educational potential of UMK "Perspektiva";
determine the level of disclosure of the material and correlate it with the material being studied in subsequent classes;
to implement regional and school material, based on the material of the teaching materials "Perspektiva"
realize your creative potential (in the technological map, ready-made developments of all topics of subjects are given curriculum,
the teacher is released from routine unproductive work in preparation for lessons);
individualize and differentiate the educational process.

For the full and effective use of technological maps, it is necessary to know a number of principles and provisions that are mandatory for working with it. Designing a universal toolkit ( technological map) is aimed at achieving the results stated in the standardssecond generation. SLIDE 11 Standards answer the question: “What to teach?”, Technological map - “How to teachhow to help the child to effectively master the content of education, to achieve the required results

Compared to traditional "manuals", the technological map reveals the topic of studying the material, and not just one lesson, which makes it possible to systematically master the content from the goal to the result, set and solve the tasks of achieving not only subject results, but also personal and metasubject results. SLIDE 12

The technological map includes:

topic name;
the number of hours allotted for its study;
the purpose of mastering the educational content;
planned results (personal, subject, meta-subject);
basic concepts of the topic;
interdisciplinary connections and organization of space (forms of work and resources);
technology for studying the specified topic;
a system of diagnostic tasks that determine the level of assimilation of the material at each stage of its study;
control tasks on the topic, which determine the achievement of the planned results in the framework of the study of the stated topic

Sample flow sheet with commentary

Let's see how we can trace the implementation of certain UUDs on specific pages of textbooks.

The first textbook that a first-grader picks up is the ABC. SLIDE 13 It consists of two parts, decorated in the same style.

The textbook is divided into three parts.
In the pre-letter period"Let's introduce ourselves!"an idea is formed about the concept of "communication", language as a means of communication, the word as a two-way unit, a sign-symbolic system is introduced. In the alphabetical period"Country ABVGDEIK"sounds and letters are studied, syllabic reading is mastered.
The study of sounds and letters is based on the principle of frequency. The study of sounds is built in such a way that it creates the opportunity to start reading as quickly as possible. In the post-letter period"About everything in the world"syllabic reading skills are improved, children learn to work with text, listen and hear, intotone, build their statements depending on the situation, and compose their own text.

each ABC is accompanied by an electronic disk

Separately, I would like to dwell on the conventions adopted in textbooks. First, it immediately catches the eye that they are created in a single system. Secondly, only by seeing these designations, the teacher, and with a certain system of work with children and the student, can understand which UUD this or that task is aimed at developing.

Let's flip through some pages and see how it all works. For example, topicSIGNS OF RUSSIAN CITIES. Here, work is underway on personal UUD, namely on self-determination. The child recognizes himself as a citizen of Russia, a Novgorodian. In addition, since the coats of arms of different cities are presented, we can compare why such images were chosen for the design of the coat of arms, that is, work is underway on the development of universal logical actions.

Subject WHAT IS THE TREASURE FOR, WHEN IN THE FAMILY GOOD.Here we again see work on personal UUD, namely on moral and ethical orientation. And when working on proverbs, we see the icon Compare , that is, we again develop universal logical actions.

And we see such a focus on working on the development of various UUDs on every page of the ABC.

pros

Registration

pictures instead of words

interesting texts

Minuses

sound-letter parsing

Very interesting Recipes in UMK Perspektiva. They consist of four notebooks. The first is calledDRAW THINK TELLWe are working on it in the pre-letter period.

It is intended for training fine motor skills of the hand and the eye as preparatory exercises for writing letters. Here are collected all the necessary types of work: a variety of shading (vertical, horizontal, oblique, multidimensional, multidirectional, broken line), drawing geometric shapes(squares, triangles, circles, ovals, arcs), drawing generalized outlines of objects (houses, snowmen, mice, bugs, etc.), tracing and coloring drawings, writing out block letters. But, besides this purely utilitarian function, prescriptions contribute to the development of spatial and temporal perception of the surrounding world. Children should reflect on the concepts: what is the center of a square and a circle, which object is larger and which is smaller, which path is longer and which is shorter, where the direction is to the right and where to the left, which objects are similar and which are different. Children learn to compare, compare, group, distinguish, practically get acquainted with the concept of a set and its elements. ". And what is even more valuable is that the material of the copybooks "Draw, think, tell" is closely connected with the life and life of a modern child. This is not only the world of fairy tales familiar to children with preschool age, not only toys, domestic and wild animals and birds, household utensils and sports equipment, but also a computer (p. 21), a vacuum cleaner (p. 26-27), shorts (p. 29), an electric kettle (p. 7), an electric iron (p. 7, 30), a camera (p. 30), a patchwork blanket (p. 49). In the mind of a child, the world of his home is not separated from the world of school.

Recipe "My alphabet" in two parts also contain a series interesting finds. Given the great complexity of the writing process for first-graders, the author introduces game moments: puzzles, sections "Riddles of words", metatheses (composing words by rearranging syllables), adding "lost" elements of letters, "letter mosaic" (composing letters from disparate elements), chainwords, coloring.

Much attention is paid to various work with sound-letter schemes of words. Vocabulary is not forgotten either: exercises are given to determine the polysemy of words, homonyms, and to compose thematic groups of words. Quite often, exercises are given to develop speech: compiling sentences and texts with the inclusion of the studied words.

That is, we again see well-organized work on all types of UUD

At each lesson on the “Draw, think, tell”, “My alphabet” prescriptions, a lot of intellectual analytical work is carried out, which prevents the commission speech errors. Not a single task and exercise is one-sided, they are educational, developing, cognitive and educating.

The copybook "I write beautifully" is intended for further development of calligraphy skills. Writing assignments are much more difficult. This is the writing of whole phrases, proverbs, answers to questions, stories. At the final lessons, this is writing notes and letters, that is, the practical assimilation of such a communication-oriented genre as epistolary

The world

Content educational material relies on a small but very valuable experience of a first grader. What the student already knows is studied, close and understandable, so that he can expand knowledge in this area, make a discovery for himself. The main task is not to communicate more or less significant information to students, but to teach them to freely operate with acquired, albeit still insignificant, knowledge. This approach is designed to develop the student's ability to consciously navigate the various phenomena of the nature around him and their connection with human life, to cultivate observation and curiosity, thereby accustoming him to a systematic independent replenishment of his life experience.
In the textbook, knowledge about the world around is presented in close connection with each other, which allows the student to present a complete picture of the world.
It should be especially noted that this subject solves the most important educational tasks: the education of patriotism, love for nature, one's family, one's city, one's small homeland.

A distinctive feature of the textbook is the presentation of the world not as a separate object of study, but through personal perception: the world of your family, the world of your class, the natural world of your yard, the world of your school, your Motherland. And this is not only a national-regional component, which is already valuable, but also a factor shaping active position child to the subject being studied, motivation.
The second feature of the textbook is its connection with extracurricular activities: some topics are not limited to the scope of the lesson, but continue in the extracurricular life of children. This expands the way of acquiring knowledge: to read additional literature, to find by the atlas-key, to use the material of children's sites, to observe the object under study at home, to compose, draw, protect.
Some tasks require the advice of parents, their emotional impressions, memories. The authors introduce the family to a new, modern school where parents are not passive observers, but active participants in the educational process.
The content integrity of all components of the lesson, including health-saving ones. The conclusions on each topic are so expressive and figurative that children are happy to learn them by heart.
Sensory perception of the studied material: pictures, music, sounds of nature. Children watch, listen, sniff, sing songs of their region, learn to see the beauty around and nearby, protect and increase.

Let's look at specific pages. For example, speaking about the development of personal UUD, we necessarily mean professional self-determination, acquaintance with the world of professions, their importance and content. Studying the topicteacher friend and mentorWe are just talking about the importance of this profession. At home, with the help of their parents, the children complete a project task - they compose a story about their parents' first teacher or share their impressions of a meeting with their teacher. In addition, studying the topic"People are creators of culture"the guys get acquainted with such professions as an artist-jeweler, a surgeon, a weaver, a builder. Here, first graders get the opportunity to talk about the professions of their parents, having previously talked with them at home.

Another trend in personality definition isformation of personal identity,which includes:

internal position of the student

notion of belonging to a gender group

idea of your family and social role about accepting these roles.

This work is well organized by the topic of the surrounding world in the educational program "Perspective"“We are people”, “We are in the family”, “My family is part of my people”

For example, studying the topic “We are people”, children get the first very general idea of gender differences at the level of the concepts “person”, “people”, “men”, “women”; recognize the beauty and diversity of people different ages and different ethnicity. Studying the topic “We are in the family”, first-graders, with the help of their parents, create their ownfamily tree

Preview:

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Hello again! Tired of studying? Not confused in their names and authors? Can you take another one? I want to finally put an end to this issue, but not having completed the study in full, I am not ready to do so. So take heart: today we are discussing the training program Perspective.

Lesson plan:

Another traditional project

The "Perspective" set refers to traditional system education in elementary school, and it was developed in 2006 during the formation for the first stage of education.

The educational materials were prepared on the initiative of the author of the project, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences Lyudmila Peterson, together with the Prosveshchenie publishing house. Scientists from academies of education and sciences, practicing teachers and methodologists took part in the "promising" project.

As it should be for anyone methodical set used in the educational process at school, "Perspective" in its composition has everything you need:

alphabet for grade 1 L. Klemanova and the same author Russian;
mathematician G. Dorofeev;
literature by V. Goretsky;
computer science T. Rudnichenko;
"environment" by A. Pleshakov;
technology of N. Rogovtseva;
physical education at the choice of a teacher: either A. Matveeva, or I. Viner;
ART by T. Shpikalova;
music by E. Kritskaya;
fundamentals of religion and ethics in the areas of different cultures.

"Perspective" offers the study of as many as four foreign languages:

English in standard or advanced programs, as well as in the course "In Focus" or "Star";
Spanish and German according to the classical program;
French either at the rate "Your friend ..." or "In the future."

It should be noted that, like many other educational sets of school educational programs, in 2014 Perspektivny faced the problem of obtaining recommendations from the Ministry of Education. The textbooks on mathematics and religion were called into question.

As a result, the mathematical work of L. Peterson "Learning to learn" was replaced, and materials on the study of religions in grades 4-5 were finalized. UMC "Perspektiva" passed the necessary approvals in its entirety.

Long-term goals, or how and what the program teaches

For the basis of his educational project Lyudmila Peterson took the system of the activity approach developed by her, for which she received the award of the President of the Russian Federation at one time. Wisely said.

In fact, everything is simple: this is another attempt to combine schooling the developing approach already familiar to us and the established classics through the universal skills to set goals, solve problems and be responsible for the results.

The task of such education at school is not to give ready-made information, but to teach the child to discover new knowledge on his own. “I hear - I forget, I see - I remember, I do - I assimilate” - this, I remember, we have already gone through.

As a result of this activity methodology, the Perspektiva educational kit has several directions around which the entire educational “perspective” process revolves:

All of the above areas of student development embodied the ideas of the authors in thematic educational materials: “My planet is the Earth”, “My country is my Fatherland”, “My family is my world”, “Nature and culture is the environment of our life”.

Pros and Cons of Perspective Learning

There are actually not so many reviews on "Perspective", but I noted for myself that there is not much categorical criticism, as in other educational programs, for example, in.

“... they didn’t like the prescriptions: it is problematic for first-graders, after writing from line to line, to subsequently decide in a notebook with the size of letters: capital and capital letters are written the same way ...”,

"... mathematics first studies the multiplication table, without giving the concept of numbers up to 100 ...",

“... how to teach children to read and write if there are mistakes in the ABC?”,

“…exercises in textbooks do not correspond to the topics…”.

But the textbooks for the next grades 3 and 4 are quite suitable for teachers:

"…interesting the world but parents often need help…”,

“... mathematics is designed for different children: it is interesting for weak and strong at the same time to work, problems are well presented, one topic involves solving them from 4 to 6 pieces per lesson, strong children can try their hand at solving Olympiad tasks ...”.

Parents' opinions are presented dryly and in a nutshell boil down to the fact that children in the 1st grade are given very little in writing, I would like more, and Dorofeev's mathematics is simple and boring for those who would like to master knowledge at a higher level.

Most of all, the parents of schoolchildren are concerned about the continuity of the program when they move to the secondary level, since it is designed only for elementary school.

It was not so easy to express all the pros and cons. Those who want to be “promising” do it, it turns out, almost inaudibly. Such, let's say, a neutral program, not asking for compliments, but also not subject to strong criticisms.

Perhaps being a "gray cardinal" is not so bad as you think?

I hope that I have helped you a little to understand the complexity of the many educational programs for elementary education. I think this can be put to rest. I say goodbye to you, but not for long.

Always yours, Evgenia Klimkovich.

(The system of textbooks "Perspektiva" successfully passed the federal examination for compliance with the Federal State Educational Standard of the IEO 2009, received positive feedback Russian Academy Sciences (RAS) and the Russian Academy of Education (RAO).

All textbooks of the Perspektiva system are included in the Federal lists of textbooks recommended or approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for use in the educational process in educational institutions for the 2013/2014 academic year.)

The EMC of the Perspektiva program was created on a conceptual basis that reflects modern achievements in the field of psychology and pedagogy, while maintaining a close connection with the best traditions of classical school education in Russia. When creating the WMC, not only modern requirements society, but also the cultural and historical perspective of its development. The Perspective program ensures the availability of knowledge and high-quality assimilation of the material, the comprehensive development of the personality of a younger student, taking into account his age characteristics, interests and needs. The educational and methodological complex of textbooks "Perspektiva" was created by a team of scientists and teachers of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Academy of Education, the Federal Institute for the Development of Education in close cooperation with the Prosveshchenie publishing house.

The uniqueness of the set for elementary school "Perspektiva" is that it was created in parallel with the development of the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education. The first textbooks study guides kit "Perspective" began to be produced in 2006. Scientists from the Russian Academy of Education, the Russian Academy of Sciences, methodologists and teachers take part in the work on the Perspektiva set together with the Prosveshchenie publishing house. The fundamental principles of the set are: humanistic, the principle of historicism, communicative and the principle of creative activity. Such a fundamental approach allows organizing the learning process, on the one hand, for the purpose of obtaining knowledge in accordance with the requirements of the new standard, on the other hand, as a means of forming universal learning skills and personal qualities, i.e. development and upbringing of the child.

ideological basis system of textbooks "Perspective" is"The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia", aimed at forming in the younger generation a system of values of humanism, creation, self-development, morality as the basis for successful self-realization of a student in life and work and as a condition for the security and prosperity of the country.

The didactic basis of the system of textbooks "Perspective" is didactic system of the activity method (L.G. Peterson), synthesizing, on the basis of the methodological system-activity approach, non-conflicting ideas from modern concepts of developmental education from the standpoint of the continuity of scientific views with the traditional school (Conclusion of the Russian Academy of Education of July 14, 2006, Prize of the President of the Russian Federation area of education for 2002).

The methodological basis of the Federal State Educational Standard is system-activity approach. It is the system-activity approach, which is the basis of the "Perspektiva" set, that makes it possible to orient the teacher towards the achievement of personal and meta-subject learning outcomes for younger students.

The achievement of these results is facilitated by the thematic unity of all the subject lines of the set, expressed in the following theses:

- "I am in the world and the world is in me": it is important that training contributes to the construction of the image of "I", which includes self-knowledge, self-development and self-esteem, the formation of a civic identity of the individual, the acceptance and understanding of moral and cultural values, the rules of interaction with the outside world.

- "I want to learn!": the child often asks the question “why?”, he is interested in knowing everything and about everything. Our task is to maintain this interest and at the same time teach the child to independently find answers, plan their activities and bring them to the end, evaluate the result, correct mistakes and set new goals.

- “I communicate, therefore I study”: The learning process is impossible without communication. It seems to us extremely important to build the learning process as an improvement of subject-subject and subject-object communication, that is, firstly, to teach the child to freely conduct a constructive dialogue, listen and hear the interlocutor, and secondly, to form an information culture - to find the necessary sources of knowledge learn to receive information from various sources, analyze it, and, of course, work with a book.

- "In a healthy body healthy mind!": here it is important to preserve the health of students in the learning process, and to teach children to take care of their own health, understanding that health is not only a physical, but also a spiritual value. In this regard, the concept of health includes not only the rules of hygiene and the rules of safe behavior, but also certain values: the ability to empathize, sympathize, take care of oneself, nature, people around, protect and honor what they have created.

The authors of the "Perspective" set reveal the stated theses through thematic areas: "My family - my world", "My country - my Fatherland", "Nature and culture - the environment of our life", "My planet - Earth", which integrate the educational material of different objects and allow the child to more effectively form a holistic picture of the world.

Another advantage of teaching according to the Perspektiva UMC is that the system for constructing educational material allows each student to maintain and develop interest in discovering and learning new things. In textbooks, tasks are offered in such a way that cognitive activity, cognitive interest and the child's curiosity grew into a need to learn new things, to learn independently. The student at each lesson, as it were, reveals the content of future topics. Education is based on the dialectical principle, when the introduction of new concepts and ideas, initially presented in a visual-figurative form or in the form of a problem situation, precedes their subsequent detailed study. Each textbook is equipped with a system of tasks aimed at developing both logical and figurative thinking child, his imagination, intuition. The textbooks systematically build theoretical material, to which practical, research and creative tasks are proposed, allowing to intensify the child's activity, apply the acquired knowledge in practical activities, and create conditions for the realization of the student's creative potential.

The next feature of EMC "Perspektiva" in the context of its compliance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard is a great opportunity for solving educational problems. Implementation of the Concept of Spiritual and Moral Development and Education of the Personality of a Russian Citizen in the EMC is aimed at forming a valuable worldview, educating and establishing the moral position of the personality of a junior schoolchild. The teacher solves these tasks in the process of discussing a system of questions, problematic and practical situations, texts aimed at nurturing the kindest feelings, love and interest in his family, small and large Motherland, traditions and customs of the peoples living in Russia, their cultural and historical heritage.

The basis of the information and educational environment for elementary school are the completed subject lines of the system of textbooks "Perspektiva". Textbooks effectively complement workbooks and creative notebooks, dictionaries, books for reading, methodological recommendations for teachers, didactic materials, multimedia applications (DVD-video; DVDs with lesson scripts that implement the activity method of teaching; CD-ROMs; presentation materials for multimedia projectors; interactive whiteboard software, etc.), Internet support and other resources in all subject areas of the GEF curriculum (FSES, section III, p. 19.3.). All this allows organizing various types of students' activities, effectively using modern methods and technologies for organizing educational work.

Another distinctive feature of the Perspektiva system of textbooks, which provides it with the status of the core of the information and educational environment for elementary school, is the developed special navigation system that allows the student to navigate both inside the teaching and learning center and go beyond it in search of other sources of information. Thus, the system of textbooks "Perspektiva" is integrated into a single ideological, didactic and methodological system that helps the teacher to meet the requirements of the modern educational process, determined by the Federal State Educational Standard.

For EMC "Perspektiva" a new methodological support has been developed - "Technological maps" that help the teacher to implement the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard in the educational process. "Technological maps" is a new methodological toolkit that provides the teacher with high-quality teaching of a new curriculum by moving from lesson planning to designing the study of a topic. The "Technological maps" define tasks, planned results (personal and meta-subject), indicate possible interdisciplinary connections, propose an algorithm for passing the topic and diagnostic work (intermediate and final) to determine the level of mastering the topic by students. The maps are posted on the website of the publishing house "Prosveshchenie" in the "Perspective" for teachers section. In addition, additional Internet resources have been developed for teachers and parents, including lesson development, articles and comments, advisory support for teachers and parents (psychologists, teachers, and authors answer questions from parents and teachers).

In order to ensure the effectiveness of the use of the system of textbooks "Perspektiva" in the practical activities of teachers, a multi-level system of advanced training for teachers of different categories (teachers of primary and secondary schools, teachers of preschool educational institutions, head teachers, directors, methodologists, teachers of pedagogical colleges and pedagogical universities, psychologists, etc.) .), which creates conditions for the gradual mastering of the pedagogical tools of activity-based learning both at the federal level (in the Center for System-Activity Pedagogy "School 2000 ..." of the AIC and PPRO), and in the regions based on the principle of network interaction.

The created mechanisms for improving the quality of the work of teachers in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard on a unified ideological, didactic and methodological basis open up the prospect for a real transition of the school to the implementation of the new goals and values of education and the construction of a single educational space for teaching, educating and protecting schoolchildren.

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Communication with any child, and above all with your own child, is always communication with the unknown. What are they - our children? What do they want? What are they dreaming about? How do they perceive the worlds of other people - the world of adults, the world of teachers, the world of their parents and the world of peers? What place do all these different and mysterious worlds occupy in the mind of a growing person? And finally, how and when does a child make the most important discovery in human life - the discovery of his unique "I"?

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The concept of UMK "Perspective"

federal state educational standard elementary general education (FSES), meeting the requirements of the time and not wasting the potential of the traditional school, not only shifts the focus on the spiritual and moral development and education of the student, the formation of his ability to learn, the personal qualities of the creator and creator, but also offers specific tools, providing this transition:

Changing the teaching method (from explanatory to activity);
Changing the assessment of learning outcomes (assessment of not only subject ZUN, but primarily personal and meta-subject results);

This suggests that there is not a formal, but a real transition of the school to a new, humanistic paradigm of education, giving our country a chance for a future worthy existence and development.
At the same time, given that the modern Russian school carries the "knowledge" tradition of the Soviet school, every teacher, methodologist, manager today must realize the depth and significance of the upcoming transition and master the culture of self-development that the concept of "Our new school should pass on to our children.

Children of "Perspective"

More than one generation of psychologists, educators and parents is looking for answers to all these questions. The authors of a new generation of textbooks for elementary school, who have teamed up to implement a project with a concise and capacious name "Perspektiva", initiated by the Prosveshchenie publishing house, are also busy searching for answers to these questions.

In order to reveal the meaning of the Perspektiva project, I will turn to one of the wisest guides to the country of childhood, Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak, for help. At one time, he wrote a short poem, which essentially puts a sad diagnosis of impersonal pedagogy:

He plagued adults with the question "why?",
He was nicknamed "the little philosopher".
But as soon as he grew up, they began to
Present answers without questions.
And since then he is no one else
Do not bother with the question "why?".

Diagnosis S.Ya. Marshak reveals the need for a new pedagogy, the pedagogy of "why". In this pedagogy, children do not lose one of the most important human desires - the desire to learn about the worlds around them. In the pedagogy of "why-why" they remain "little philosophers" who tirelessly annoy parents and teachers with their questions: they crave communication and are not afraid to ask about everything that is happening around. They have everything to do with it.
Paraphrasing words famous philosopher“I think, therefore I exist”, the key idea of the “Perspective” project can be conveyed by the following formula: “I communicate, therefore I study”.

Our “little philosophers”, communicating with teachers, peers and parents with the help of such “cultural tools” (the term of the famous psychologist L.S. Vygotsky), as elementary school textbooks, step by step build an image of the world in their minds . It is these textbooks that help them to join the Culture - the Culture of thinking of our civilization, in which mathematics is universal language communication; culture of the native language; physical culture... So, year after year, the “children of Perspektiva” become familiar with different cultures and acquire, through the art of communication, knowledge about the world around them, other people, the Motherland and themselves, i.e. knowledge about the diversity of man, nature and society. At the same time, the process of cognition is built as a flowcognitive activitiesdue to which education acts primarily as a realization of oneself in the world, and not just adaptation to the world.

And through this flow of cognitive actions, the flow of communication, the “children of Perspektiva” become personalities open to the world, mastering the most difficult art on Earth - the art of BEING HUMAN.

Alexander Asmolov
Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education, Doctor psychological sciences, Professor, Moscow State University

About the textbook system"Perspective" of the new standard!

The system of textbooks "Perspektiva" reflects modern achievements in the field of psychology and pedagogy and at the same time maintains a close relationship with the best traditions of classical school education

Primary school is the most important stage in the process of general education of a student. The child comes to school and becomes a STUDENT. In four years, he needs not only to master the program material of subject disciplines, but also learn how to learn - to become a “professional student”. This concept includes the ability to plan and evaluate their activities, fully and accurately express their thoughts, interact with peers and adults, maintaining goodwill and tolerance for other points of view. The successful formation of these and other skills in children depends, in turn, on the professionalism of the teacher and the availability of the necessary tools in his arsenal, the main of which is a system of textbooks that helps teach children to live in modern world. In this regard, when developing a newsystem of textbooks for elementary school "Perspektiva"not only modern requirements for the formation of the above skills were taken into account, but also the requirements for ensuring the physical and psychological health of children, a healthy and safe lifestyle.

System of textbooks "Perspective"(series "Academic school textbook")created on a conceptual basis that reflects modern achievements in the field of psychology and pedagogy, while maintaining a close connection with the best traditions of classical school education in Russia. The first textbooks and teaching aids of the Perspektiva system began to be published in 2006. "Perspective" was created by a team of scientists and teachers of the Russian Academy of Education in close cooperation with the publishing house "Enlightenment".

Academic Supervisorsystem of textbooks "Perspektiva" since 2010 became a doctor of pedagogical sciences, laureate of the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of education L.G. Peterson.
Didactic basissystem of textbooks "Perspective" is a didactic system of the activity method (L.G. Peterson),synthesizing, on the basis of a system-activity approach, the ideas of modern concepts of developing education that do not conflict with each other and the traditional school.
The thematic unity of all subject lines of the system is expressed in the following theses:

"I am in the world and the world is in me":it is important that training contributes to the construction of the image of "I", which includes self-knowledge, self-development and self-esteem, the formation civic identity personality, acceptance and understanding of moral and cultural values, rules of interaction with the outside world.

"I want to learn!": the child often asks the question “why?”, he is interested in knowing everything and about everything. Our task is to maintain this interest and at the same time teach the child to independently find answers, plan their activities and bring them to the end, evaluate the result, correct mistakes and set new goals.

“I communicate, therefore I study”:The learning process is impossible without communication. It seems to us extremely important to build the learning process as an improvement of subject-subject and subject-object communication, that is, firstly, to teach the child to freely conduct a constructive dialogue, listen and hear the interlocutor, and secondly, to form an information culture - to find the necessary sources of knowledge , learn to receive information from various sources, analyze it, and, of course, work with a book.

"In a healthy body healthy mind!":here it is important to preserve the health of students in the learning process, and to teach children to take care of their own health, understanding that health is not only a physical, but also a spiritual value. In this regard, the concept of health includes not only the rules of hygiene and the rules of safe behavior, but also certain values: the ability to empathize, sympathize, take care of yourself, about nature, about the people around you, to protect and honor what they have created.

The authors of the Perspektiva system disclose the stated theses through thematic areas:"My family is my world", "My country is my Fatherland", "Nature and culture are the environment of our life", "My planet is Earth"which integrate the educational material of different subjects and allow the child to more effectively form a holistic picture of the world. Another advantage of teaching according to the system of textbooks for elementary school "Perspektiva" is that the nature of the construction of educational material allows each student to maintain and develop interest in discovering and learning new things. In textbooks, tasks are presented in such a way that cognitive activity, cognitive interest and curiosity of the child grew into a need to learn new things, to learn independently. The student at each lesson, as it were, reveals the content of future topics.

Education is based on the dialectical principle, when the introduction of new concepts and ideas, initially presented in a visual-figurative form or in the form of a problem situation, precedes their subsequent detailed study. Each textbook is equipped with a system of tasks aimed at developing both the logical and figurative thinking of the child, his imagination, intuition. The textbooks systematically build theoretical material, to which practical, research and creative tasks are proposed, allowing to intensify the child's activity, apply the acquired knowledge in practical activities, and create conditions for the realization of the student's creative potential.

ideological basisThe system of textbooks "Perspective" is "The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia", aimed at forming in the younger generation a system of values of humanism, creation, morality, self-development as the basis for successful self-realization of the student in life and work and as a condition for the security and prosperity of the country .

Methodological basis"Perspective" is a methodological toolkit of completed subject lines of textbooks in all subject areas of the GEF curriculum and a specially designed information and educational environment that creates conditions for the effective achievement of the goals and objectives of modern education.

The main goal of the system of textbooks "Perspektiva" is to createinformation and educational environment,ensuring the inclusion of each child in an independent learning activities, during which conditions are created for the reliable achievement of certain personal, meta-subject and subject results of mastering the main educational program of primary general education through the formation of universal educational activities as the basisthe leading educational competence is the ability to learn.

The information and educational environment of the Perspektiva system is represented not only by textbooks, work and creative notebooks, teaching aids in subjects: literacy, Russian language, literary reading, mathematics, the world around us, technology (labor), but also with auxiliary resources: didactic notebooks "Reader", " Magic power words." All this allows you to organize various types of student activities, effectively use modern methods and technologies for organizing educational work.

Since February 2011 electronic supplements have been published in the Perspektiva system of textbooks.