Prominent figures Patriotic Wars s 1812
His Serene Highness Prince Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov of Smolensk.
Commander-in-Chief of all armies in the Patriotic War (appointed on the 8th, arrived to the armies on August 17), general of infantry, 67 years old, during World War II he was promoted to field marshal general and granted the title of Smolensky. His previous career was extremely varied. A lot of military service, first under the command of Rumyantsev, then Suvorov: then independent command of large detachments and armies in the wars with the Turks and in the war of 1805 with Napoleon. Before his appointment as commander-in-chief in the Patriotic War, he already enjoyed wide popularity in society and among the troops. In battles he was wounded twice. In 1774, a bullet hit the temple and exited at the right eye, the eye was lost forever. In 1778, during the siege of Ochakovo, an enemy bullet hit the cheek and went to the back of the head. For the assault on Ishmael in 1790 he received the Order of St. George, 3rd degree and was promoted to lieutenant general (now lieutenant general), and in next year for the case under Machin - the Order of St. George, 2nd degree. In 1798 he was promoted to general of infantry and appointed inspector of troops in Finland. In 1801 he was appointed Lithuanian military governor, in 1802 - military governor of St. Petersburg, but then he soon retired and remained in it until 1805, when he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Russian army, was sent to help Austria in the war with Napoleon.
For Borodino, Kutuzov was promoted to field marshal general and received 100,000 rubles, for Tarutino - a golden sword with diamonds and a laurel wreath, for the victory near Krasnoye and in general in the Smolensk province - the title of "Smolensky", for the final result of the Patriotic War - the Order of St. George 1st degree. On April 6, upon arrival in Bunzlau (in Prussian Silesia), he could not follow the army further and remained here, and died on April 16, 1813. The memory of Kutuzov in the army is immortalized by assigning his name to two regiments, which were called so: the 2nd Infantry Pskov General Field Marshal Prince Kutuzov-Smolensky Regiment and the 13th Don Cossack General Field Marshal Prince Kutuzov-Smolensky Regiment.
M.B. Barclay de Tolly.
Commander-in-Chief of the 1st Western Army, General of Infantry. Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly, 52 years old. In the wars of 1813-1815. promoted to field marshal general and received the dignity of a prince. Participated in Catherine's wars with the Turks, the Swedes and the Poles. During the Polish War of 1794, he received the Order of St. George, 4th degree. He participated in the war with Napoleon in 1806-1807, received the Order of St. George 3rd degree and St. Vladimir 2nd degree and the rank of lieutenant general, was seriously wounded. Participated in the war with Sweden 1808-1809. Commanding a separate corps, in 1809 he made the famous winter passage through the Gulf of Bothnia (via Kvarken) and occupied the Swedish city of Umeå. Then he was promoted to general of infantry and appointed Finnish governor-general. In January 1810 he was appointed Minister of War, and in 1812 - Commander-in-Chief of the 1st Western Army, leaving the position of Minister of War. For Borodino, Barclay de Tolly received the Order of St. George, 2nd degree. In September 1812 he left the army. From the Tarutinsky camp, he went to his estate and did not take part in the Patriotic War anymore. After World War II, Barclay took part in the wars of 1813 and 1814, first commanding the 3rd Russian and then the Russian-Prussian armies. He received the Order of St. George, 1st degree, first as a count, and then as a prince, and a field marshal's baton. He died in 1818 and was buried at his estate in Livonia.
Prince P.I. Bagration
Prince Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration - Commander-in-Chief of the 2nd Western Army, infantry general, 47 years old, with a brilliant previous military career. Almost from the day he was promoted to officer, he took part in each of the skirmishes against the Chechens (1783, 1784, 1786 and 1790), and in one of the battles he was seriously wounded. Under the command of Suvorov, he participated in the siege and capture of Ochakov (1788) and in 1794 in the war with Poland. In 1799, with the rank of Major General (34 years old), he participated in the Italian and Swiss campaigns of Suvorov. He rendered invaluable services to our army in the war against Napoleon in the Austrian theater in 1805.
The war of 1805 gave him the rank of lieutenant general (40 years) and the Order of St. George, 2nd degree. Then he participated in the wars: 1806-1807. (with Napoleon) and 1808-1809. (with Sweden). In 1809 he was appointed commander-in-chief of our army in the war with Turkey and marked his activities by taking Machin, Girsov, Brailov and Ishmael and defeating Seraxir and Rassevat, but the siege of Silistra was not successful. In 1810, he handed over the command of the army to Count Kamensky, received the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. During the Patriotic War, with the rank of general of infantry (47 years old), he was appointed commander-in-chief of the 2nd Western Army. In the Battle of Borodino, Bagration showed his rare qualities and stubbornly defended the section of the position entrusted to him. Being wounded in the Battle of Borodino (by a fragment of a grenade in the leg with bone damage), he was forced to leave the army and went to his estate, in the Vladimir province, where he died a little over two weeks later and was buried. For the Battle of Borodino, he was granted 50,000 rubles with the most merciful rescript of the sovereign.
Count M.I. Platov
Matvey Ivanovich Platov, chieftain of the Don Cossacks, entered the service at the age of 13, and at the age of 20 he commanded a Cossack regiment in the Turkish War (1774). Before World War II, he was already an ataman Don Cossacks, a cavalry general and had the Order of St. George of the 3rd and 2nd degrees. During the Patriotic War he commanded all the Cossack troops. The first brilliant case of Platov's Cossacks was near Mir on June 27 and 28, 1812. His especially outstanding activity began during the pursuit of Napoleon's army during its retreat from Maloyaroslavets to Smolensk and further to the Berezina, then to the Neman. Platov inflicted a particularly heavy defeat on the enemy in the Smolensk province (on the Vop river of the viceroy's corps and near Dubrovna on the Dnieper river to the remnants of Ney's corps), for which he was elevated to the dignity of a count. During the pursuit of the enemy by the Platov Cossacks during the Patriotic War, more than 18,000 people were wounded and killed and about 40,000 people were taken prisoner (including 10 generals and more than 1,000 officers), 15 banners and 364 guns. Participated in subsequent wars with Napoleon. Platov's name gained immense popularity throughout Europe. He died in 1818. A monument was erected to him in Novocherkassk. His name was given to one Cossack regiment, which was called the 4th Don Cossack regiment of Count Platov.
L.L. bennigsen
Cavalry General Leonty Leontyevich Bennigsen. By the beginning of the Patriotic War, his career was, in fact, over. He reached the highest rank (general of the cavalry), had the Order of St. George of the 2nd degree and St. Andrew the First-Called for Pultusk and Preussisch-Eylau in the war of 1806-1807, the glory of victory over Napoleon's troops in these battles, as well as at Gutstad and Heilsberg in the role of commander-in-chief of our army in the war of 1806-1807, but ended it with a Friedland defeat. After that, he was out of work and until the Patriotic War he lived in his estate near Vilna. From the arrival of the sovereign to the army in Vilna, in April 1812, he was with the Person of His Majesty. With the departure of the sovereign from the army, he remained at the main apartment of the 1st Army. He was one of the ardent supporters of the transition of our armies to the offensive, in his letters to the sovereign he condemned Barclay. With the appointment of Kutuzov as commander in chief, he was appointed chief of his main headquarters. After the battle of Borodino and the withdrawal of our army to Moscow, he was especially in favor of accepting the battle in a position in front of Moscow. At his insistence, we attacked Murat from the Tarutino camp. Bennigsen was the instigator and main manager of this battle and was awarded diamond badges to the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called (he himself had already had the order before) and 100,000 rubles. After this battle, in a letter to the sovereign, he insulted and denigrated Kutuzov, hostile relations were established between the commander-in-chief and his chief of staff, and the sovereign allowed Kutuzov to remove Bennigsen from the army; under the pretext of illness, the latter left. in the wars of 1813 and 1814. commanded the army, elevated to the dignity of a count and received the Order of St. George, 1st degree. Died 1826
Count F.V. Rostopchin
Rostopchin - during the Patriotic War, the commander-in-chief in Moscow, or in the present, the Moscow governor-general, 49 years old. He began his service in L-Guards. Preobrazhensky Regiment in the reign of Catherine the Great. He acquired the special love of Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich, the future Emperor Paul I, who, upon his accession to the throne, promoted Rostopchin to major general and appointed him adjutant general to report on military affairs. Then he enjoyed the special favors of the emperor, receiving orders, gifts, rich estates: in 1799 he was elevated to the dignity of a count, then appointed chief director of the postal and telegraph department and a member of the State. Council (37 years). After the death of Emperor Paul I, he retired and lived in Moscow, devoting his leisure time to literature. Before the Patriotic War, namely in May 1812, he was promoted to general of infantry and appointed commander in chief in Moscow. In this post, he sought to maintain a patriotic mood and hatred for the enemy invading the fatherland; to do this, he compiled, printed and distributed appeals, which were called "Rostopchinsky office". After the cleansing of Moscow by the enemy, Rostopchin returned there and, remaining for another two years its commander in chief, did a lot to revive it from the ashes and ruin. In 1814 he was dismissed from this position and appointed a member of the State. council, and in 1823, at his own request, he was dismissed from this position. Died 1826
Lieutenant General Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky
This is one of the most popular heroes of the Patriotic War. During this war, he commanded the 7th Infantry Corps, which was part of Bagration's army, with which he had been connected by ties of friendship since their common participation in the war of 1806-1807. At the very beginning of the war, for the cause at Saltanovka (July 11), his name thundered and became popular in the army; in this matter, he, by heroic selflessness and the risk of losing his two sons, gave the troops of his corps an example of valiant behavior when attacking the enemy.
When on August 2, Neverovsky's detachment was attacked by superior enemy forces, and both of our armies were north of Smolensk, Raevsky flew from there to the rescue of Neverovsky, joined him on August 3 with superior enemy forces.
In the battle of Borodino, he fought in the center of our position, defending the central redoubt, which received his name - "Raevsky's batteries". This point, which we stubbornly held almost until the end of the Battle of Borodino. Then he took a glorious part near Maloyaroslavets and near Krasnoy. For Maloyaroslavets he received the Order of St. George, 3rd degree. During the war of 1814 he received the Order of St. George, 2nd class. He died in 1839, a cavalry general and a member of the Council of State.
Major General Paisiy Sergeevich Kaisarov
He was Kutuzov's adjutant in the war of 1805 with Napoleon and in the Turkish war of 1808-1812, and then in the same war - the ruler of the office of the commander in chief and secretary of the peace congress in Bucharest. In the Patriotic War, he arrived with Kutuzov in the army with the rank of colonel and was appointed general on duty with him; was soon promoted to major general. Participated in the battle of Borodino and in the military council in Fili. When the persecution of Napoleon's army began after the battle at Maloyaroslavets, Kaisarov received command over Platov's advanced units and caused a lot of harm to the enemy. After the enemy was expelled from Russia, he returned to his former place under Kutuzov, where he remained until his death. In 1813 he received the Order of St. George, 3rd degree. He reached the position of corps commander and the rank of general from infantry. Died 1833
Infantry General Dmitry Sergeevich Dokhturov
One of the most energetic figures of the Patriotic War, despite his middle age. His combat reputation was firmly established already in the previous wars with Napoleon in 1805 and 1806-1807. (he was especially heroic in the battle of Austerlitz); for these wars, he already had the Order of George 3rd degree and Alexander Nevsky. During World War II he commanded the 6th Infantry Corps, which was part of the 1st Army. At the very beginning of the war, the enemy almost cut off this corps from the 1st Army, stretched along the border, but with reinforced marches (transitions up to 60 miles), Dokhturov managed to connect with his army. Glorious is his participation in the defense of the city of Smolensk on August 5th. The sovereign granted him 25,000 rubles for Smolensk. In the Battle of Borodino, Dokhturov commanded the center of the combat disposition, and after Bagration's retirement, he commanded the left wing and the 2nd Army. Dokhturov was the main leader of the battle near Maloyaroslavets. For this battle he received the Order of St. George, 2nd degree. Participated in the wars of 1813 and 1814. Died 1816
Admiral P.V. Chichagov
Admiral Pavel Vasilyevich Chichagov. Until 1812, he served in the sea, combat and administrative. He began it as an adjutant to his father, Admiral Vasily Yakovlevich Chichagov, famous for his naval victories in the Baltic Sea. P.V. Chichagov also had good combat practice, in 1784 he earned the Order of St. George of the 4th degree and a golden sword "for courage". He was the main figure in the formation of the Naval Ministry, then he was appointed Comrade of the Naval Minister, and then the Naval Minister. In 1811 he was appointed to be a member of the Person of His Imperial Majesty, a senator and a member of the State. advice. At the beginning of 1812, when the sovereign was dissatisfied with the protracted negotiations between Kutuzov and the Turkish government on a peace treaty, Chichagov was sent to the Danube principalities to replace Kutuzov, but he arrived already when the peace treaty with Turkey was concluded by Kutuzov. Nevertheless, Admiral Chichagov remained the commander-in-chief of our Danube army (land) and soon led it to Volhynia to join the army of Tormasov. By connection, they formed one army, and Chichagov was entrusted with command over it. Soon the implementation of the plan to encircle Napoleon began. In pursuance of this plan, Chichagov led his army to the river. Berezina. This movement was carried out energetically: the city of Minsk was occupied, and then the Borisov crossing, fortified by the enemy, was also occupied. Berezina. But when Napoleon approached the Berezina, Chichagov succumbed to Napoleon's deception and, by the false direction of his army, gave him the opportunity to arrange on the river. Berezina a new crossing and ferry your army across this river. However, Chichagov again led the further pursuit of the remnants of Napoleon's army to Vilna and further very energetically. In 1813, due to illness, he went abroad and has not returned to Russia since that time. Died 1849
Count P.Kh. Wittgenstein
Count Peter Khristianovich Wittgenstein, lieutenant general.
He commanded the 1st separate corps and covered St. Petersburg on the routes from the river. Western Dvina. At a time when our armies were retreating and our society was strengthened by this course of the war, Wittgenstein defeated the French corps of Oudinot near Klyastsy (18 and 19 July). This victory was a bright event against a gloomy background, and Wittgenstein became the hero of the day, the idol of society: the poets sang about him, the sovereign rewarded him. Although Wittgenstein failed in the battles on August 5 and 6, due to the superiority of the enemy in number, but in October he took Polotsk from the enemy, pushed the enemy troops back across the river. Western Dvina and went on the offensive. As a reward, he was promoted to general of the cavalry. In the Berezinsky operation, he did not show much insight and energy. Subsequently, Field Marshal General and Prince (princely dignity granted by the Prussian king for the war of 1814) died in 1842. One of the regiments of the Russian army bore his name, namely: the 4th Hussar Mariupol General Field Marshal Prince Wittgenstein.
A.P. Ermolov
Lieutenant General Alexei Petrovich Ermolov. He began the Patriotic War with the rank of major general and as commander of the Guards Infantry Division: on July 1 he was appointed chief of the main headquarters of the 1st Army. This is one of the most popular figures of the Patriotic War. Occupying the influential position of Chief of Staff of the 1st Army, he was not limited to the staff role, but took personal leadership in many battles. So it was in the battle at Lubin on August 7, where he took over the leadership of the battle from Tuchkov on the 3rd until the arrival of Barclay de Tolly. In the battle of Borodino, he had the honor of recapturing the Rayevsky battery (a large redoubt) taken by him from the enemy. After the fighting at Krasnoy (November 3-6), a special detachment was formed under his command, which crossed the Dnieper with great difficulty, joined up with Platov and followed on the heels of the enemy. Yermolov also participated in subsequent wars with Napoleon, and after that he was appointed to the Caucasus, the commander of a separate corps. The history of the spread of our dominion in the Caucasus is closely connected with his name, he stayed there from 1816 to 1827, in which he retired, but in 1839 he was appointed a member of the State. advice.
He died with the rank of artillery general in 1861. Two regiments of the Russian army bore the name Yermolov: the 152nd Vladikavkaz Infantry Regiment of General Yermolov and the 1st Kizlyar-Grebenskaya Terek Cossack Army of General Yermolov, as well as one horse battery - the 2nd horse General Yermolov battery.
Count M.A. Miloradovich
Infantry General Mikhail Andreevich Miloradovich. Before World War II, he already had a brilliant military past. For 28 years, in the rank of major general, he participated in the Italian and Swiss campaigns of Suvorov, who assigned him the most risky assignments. Then he took part in the war of 1805 against Napoleon in the army of Kutuzov and was promoted to lieutenant general and awarded the order St. George 3rd degree. After that, he participated in the war against the Turks and in 1809 he was promoted to general of infantry, having only 38 years of age. At the beginning of the Patriotic War, he formed reserve troops in Kaluga and in mid-August brought them to Gzhatsk to reinforce our retreating armies. Then he took part in the Battle of Borodino, commanding the right wing. After that, he was the head of the rearguard of our armies in the absence of Moscow and further when they moved from the Ryazan to the Kaluga road, and then the permanent head of their vanguard during the pursuit of Napoleon to the Berezina. During the battle near Maloyaroslavets, he led his troops to the battlefield with a forced march, making a transition of 50 miles. He beat enemy troops in the battles near Vyazma and Krasny. He took part in subsequent wars against Napoleon. He received the Order of St. George 2nd degree, Alexander Nevsky with diamonds and St. Andrew the First-Called, as well as a golden sword with diamonds and count dignity. Killed December 14, 1825 in the post of St. Petersburg governor-general.
P.P. Konovnitsyn
Lieutenant General Pyotr Petrovich Konovnitsyn. For the Polish war of 1794, he already had George of the 4th degree. But in 1798 he was dismissed from the service. In 1806 he was again taken to the service and participated in the war of 1806-1807. against Napoleon, and then in Swedish war 1808, in which his participation was especially glorious and he received the Order of St. George, 3rd degree. He began World War II as head of the 3rd Infantry Division, took a prominent part in the battles of Ostrovno on July 13 (ahead of Vitebsk), Smolensk on August 5, Valutina Gora on August 7 and Borodino (temporarily took command from the wounded Bagration). At the beginning of 1812, he was appointed general on duty under the commander-in-chief, Prince Kutuzov, and became his right hand in terms of army organization and leadership of partisan operations. However, this did not deprive him of the opportunity to personally participate in the battles, he took an especially prominent part in the battle of Maloyaroslavets. During the war of 1812 he received the Order of St. George, 2nd degree. He also participated in subsequent wars against Napoleon, when he was appointed adjutant general, and at the end of 1815 - minister of war. In 1817 he was promoted to general of infantry. He remained in the position of Minister of War until 1819, when he was appointed director military educational institutions and the Imperial Lyceum of Tsarskoye Selo, at the same time he was elevated to the dignity of a count. Died 1822
F.P. Uvarov
Adjutant General, Lieutenant General Fedor Petrovich Uvarov. A young cavalry general with the Order of St. George, 2nd class (received in 1810 in the war against Turkey). While still in the rank of major general, he was granted the rank of adjutant general by Emperor Paul. During World War II, he commanded the 1st Reserve Cavalry Corps, which was part of the 1st Army. He took a particularly prominent part in the Battle of Borodino. He also participated in the subsequent Napoleonic Wars, when he was promoted to cavalry general and awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st degree. After these wars, he was one of the favorite adjutant generals of Emperor Alexander I. In 1821 he was appointed commander of a separate guards corps. Died 1824
Count V.V. Orlov-Denisov
Adjutant General, Lieutenant General Count Vasily Vasilyevich Orlov-Denisov. Participated in the wars against Napoleon 1806-1807. and earned the Order of St. George 4th degree, and then in the Swedish War of 1808. and 1500 prisoners, for which he was awarded the Order of St. George 3rd degree. He participated in the wars of 1813 and 1814, became famous for the famous attack of the Life Cossacks on the flank of Murat's numerous cavalry in the Battle of Leipzig (October 4, 1813). He died in 1844 with the rank of general of the cavalry. His name was given to one regiment of the Russian army, which is called the 9th Don Cossack Adjutant General Count Orlov-Denisov Regiment. His ashes were transported to Novocherkassk in 1911.
Count A.P. Ozharovsky
Adjutant General Adam Petrovich Ozharovsky. During the pursuit of Napoleon's army from Maloyaroslavets, Ozharovsky commanded one of the advanced flying units. His actions were distinguished by energy and courage. Caused a lot of damage to the enemy. He died in 1855, a member of the State Council.
I.S. Dorokhov
Major General Ivan Semenovich Dorokhov. He participated in the Turkish and Polish wars of Catherine's time, showed special distinction in the war with the Poles in 1794, received two ranks for military distinctions. In the war of 1806-1807. received the Order of St. George 3rd degree. At the beginning of World War II, he commanded a brigade. Being part of the 1st Army, at the very beginning of the war he was cut off from it and almost surrounded by the enemy, but managed to get out (dexterity and determination), joined the 2nd Army and then covered its retreat from the north. Participated in the Smolensk battles, on August 7 he was wounded, but remained in the ranks. For the battle of Borodino he was promoted to lieutenant general. Especially prominent and glorious activity of Dorokhov began after the occupation of Moscow by the enemy, it consisted in bold raids by large detachments on the messages of the enemy. The first such raid was made to with. Perkhushkov on the Smolensk road and was crowned with a brilliant result. This was in the tenth of September, and in the last days of the same month, Dorokhov made a raid on a point fortified by the enemy near the Smolensk road, namely, on the city of Vereya. The enemy surrounded this city with a high earthen rampart with a palisade and occupied it with a whole battalion, with the aim of making it a stronghold in the fight against attacks by our partisans on their communications. On September 29, at dawn, Dorokhov appeared in front of Vereya quite unexpectedly and without a shot led his soldiers to attack. The garrison, taken by surprise, rushed to arms already when our soldiers broke into the city, but defended stubbornly, part of it was killed, and the rest laid down their weapons, Dorokhov captured 15 officers (with the battalion commander) and more than 350 lower ranks with a banner. Having distributed 500 captured guns to the inhabitants, Dorokhov went to another point indicated to him by the commander-in-chief. For this deed, he was granted a saber with diamonds and the inscription: "For the liberation of Vereya." In the battle near Maloyaroslavets, Dorokhov was seriously wounded and forced to leave the army. After that, he fell ill for more than two years and died in 1815. Feeling the approach of death, he wrote a will in which he addressed the inhabitants of Vereya with the following words: “If you have heard about General Dorokhov, who liberated your city from the French, then I expect you to pay for this reward, give me three arshins of land for eternal my peace at that church, where I took the fortification of the enemy by storm. His wish was fulfilled, and he was buried in the city of Vereya.
D.V. Davydov 2nd
Lieutenant Colonel Denis Vasilyevich Davydov. The famous partisan of the Patriotic War, the initiator of the use of partisan actions in it. Before World War II, he already had a good military school, which he passed under the command of two glorious warriors - Bagration and Kulnev. At the first he was an adjutant in the war of 1806-1807. against Napoleon, and then into the Turkish war. Together with Kulnev, he participated in the Swedish war of 1808-1809. and, according to Davydov himself, “in the instructive school of this vigilant and brave warrior, he completed the outpost service course and learned the price of a Spartan life necessary for anyone who decided to serve, and not play with the service.” Thus, the Akhtyrsky hussar regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Davydov, shortly before the Battle of Borodino, proposed a partisan method of action. Having opened partisan actions after the Battle of Borodino, Davydov led them throughout the entire Patriotic War. The largest of his cases: the capture of the Augereau brigade over Lyakhov (together with the partisans Seslavin and Figner and the cavalry of Count Orlov-Denisov), the occupation of Grodno. Participated with glory in our subsequent skirmishes with the troops of Napoleon, which he graduated as a major general.
Subsequently, he participated in the Caucasian wars and Polish war 1830-1831 He was promoted to lieutenant general and retired. In 1838, he raised the issue of transferring the ashes of Bagration to the Borodino field and was appointed to accompany his transportation, but a few months before, in April 1839, he died. D.V. Davydov was not only a glorious warrior, but also a poet, his poems, of which there are many, are original. The originality of his poetic work was recognized by A.S. Pushkin, who said that he was D.V. Davydov owes the fact that he did not succumb to the imitation of Zhukovsky, but went on his own, since Davydov, with his work, made him feel that it was possible to be original. In addition to poetry, Davydov left several military writings, the largest of his military literary works - "Experience and Theory of Partisan Actions."
A.N. Seslavin
Captain Alexander Nikitich Seslavin. One of the glorious partisans of the Patriotic War and the subsequent Napoleonic Wars. Prior to that, he participated in the wars of 1805 and 1806-1807, was wounded and earned a golden weapon with the inscription "For Bravery". Then participated in Turkish war and was wounded again. During World War II, he was first adjutant to the commander-in-chief of the 1st Army, Barclay de Tolly, for the battle of Borodino he received George 4th degree. With the opening of partisan actions, he became one of the most glorious partisans.
A case of his activity that was especially important in terms of its results was the timely opening of the movement of Napoleon's army to Maloyaroslavets. When Napoleon left Moscow with his army, Seslavin prowled with his partisans along the Kaluga road. Having tracked down the movement of large enemy forces, he was at the village. Fominsky climbed a tree and, unnoticed, watched the passage of Napoleon's army, and saw Napoleon himself, passing in a carriage. Having let them through, he captured several prisoners from among the stragglers and learned from them that the entire enemy army was heading through Maloyaroslavets to Kaluga. With this news, he immediately galloped to Tarutino with a report to the commander-in-chief, but on the way he met Dokhturov's corps, moving towards Fominsky, and reported to him about what he had seen. This report prompted Dokhturov (on the advice of Yermolov) to turn the corps to Maloyaroslavets and block the enemy's path to Kaluga there, which was done and was of great importance for the further course of the war. During the pursuit of Napoleon's army from Maloyaroslavets to Smolensk and further to the Berezina, and then to the Neman, a detachment of Seslavin's partisans relentlessly hung on the enemy's flank, at times overtaking him, delivered valuable information to the commander-in-chief, liberated cities that were away from the path of our army from enemy garrisons, established contact with the separately operating army of Wittgenstein and the army of Chichagov and others.
On October 28, Seslavin, together with the partisans of Davydov and Figner, with the assistance of the cavalry of Count Orlov-Denisov, forced the enemy brigade of Augereau to lay down their arms near Lyakhov. For this, he was promoted to colonel. During the occupation of Vilna, he burst into it on the shoulders of the enemy cavalry, and was wounded. He showed the same activity in the wars of 1813-1814. and was promoted to major general. After the Napoleonic Wars, covered with nine wounds, he left the service. Died 1858
A.S. Figner
Captain Alexander Samoilovich Figner is a famous partisan of the Patriotic War, about whose activities there are many stories of an almost legendary nature. Before the Patriotic War, he already had the Order of St. George, 4th degree, for delivering important information by a very bold reconnaissance of the Turkish fortress Ruschuk in the war of 1810. He began the Patriotic War as an officer in the 2nd artillery brigade and participated with honors in the battle on August 7 (at Lubin), in which with its own battery, located beyond the river. Stroganya, kept the French onslaught on our left wing and repulsed the attack of the enemy infantry on this battery. With the discovery of partisan actions, Figner became one of the most daring, to the point of insolence, partisans. He made up his mind and knew how, while disguised, to penetrate the enemy's disposition, to enter into conversations with the officers of the enemy army, to listen to their conversations and thus obtain a lot of important information. This course of action was made easier for him by his knowledge of many foreign languages. Together with Davydov and Seslavin and the cavalry of Count Orlov-Denisov, at Lyakhov on November 28 he forced the enemy brigade of General Augereau to lay down their arms. Continuing his activities in 1813, Figner laid down his life in Germany, already being a colonel and an adjutant wing, having received both for distinction. Surrounded by enemy cavalry with his small partisan detachment, he rushed into the Elbe River (near Dessau in Saxony), but, struck by a bullet, drowned.
This text is an introductory piece.
From the book Penal battalions and detachments of the Red Army author Daines Vladimir OttovichChapter 3 Formation of penal units and units during the Great Patriotic War Penal formations, like barrage detachments, appeared in the Red Army during the years civil war. In the article "Disciplinary Part", included in the third volume of the "Military
From the book Spetsnaz GRU: the most complete encyclopedia author Kolpakidi Alexander IvanovichChapter 4 Combat use of penal formations during the Great Patriotic War Order No. 227 required the use of penal battalions and companies in the most difficult sectors of fronts and armies. The Order and Regulations on Penal Formations did not specifically define
From the book Japanese Oligarchy in Russo-Japanese War author Okamoto ShunpeiChapter 2 "Cudgel popular anger» in the Patriotic War of 1812
From the book Russian fleet in wars with Napoleonic France author Chernyshev Alexander AlekseevichChapter 3. OLIGARCHS AND POLITICAL WORKERS ON THE EVE OF THE WAR WITH RUSSIA The Russo-Japanese War began on the night of February 8, 1904, when Japanese torpedo bombers launched a surprise attack on the Russian fleet in Port Arthur. Diplomatic talks have dragged on since August last
From the book From Austerlitz to Paris. Roads of defeat and victory author Goncharenko Oleg GennadievichTHE RUSSIAN FLEET ON THE EVE OF THE PATRIOTIC WAR OF 1812 In 1812, Russia had the Baltic and Black Sea fleets, the Caspian, Okhotsk and White Sea fleets. The Baltic Fleet took part directly in the hostilities with France. According to the state approved in 1803,
From the book Subversive Activities of Ukrainian Bourgeois Nationalists against the USSR and the Struggle against it by the State Security Organs author State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the SSRRussians engineering troops in the Patriotic War of 1812 At the beginning of the war, Russian engineering troops consisted of two pioneer regiments of three battalions. Each battalion consisted of one miner and three pioneer companies. Due to the large dispersion of engineering
From the book Smersh vs Abwehr. Secret Operations and Legendary Scouts the author Zhmakin MaximSketches of Russian soldiers of the Patriotic War of 1812-1813 and a visit to St. Petersburg by the German sculptor Shadov in 1791
From the book Everyday truth of intelligence author Antonov Vladimir SergeevichCHAPTER IV Hostile activity of Ukrainian nationalists during the Great Patriotic War In June 1941, fascist Germany treacherously attacked our Motherland. The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union was a serious test of vitality and strength
From the book Russia in the First World War. Great forgotten war author Svechin A. A.Chapter 1. The situation on the eve of the Great Patriotic War For several decades now, many historians have suggested that the German attack on the USSR in June 1941 was not so unexpected. It is assumed that the Soviet leadership had all
From the book They Fought for the Motherland: Jews of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War author Arad YitzhakPart one. INTELLIGENCE OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE ON THE EVE OF THE PATRIOTIC WAR OF 1812 At present, when it comes to domestic intelligence, the 20th century appears mainly. Meanwhile, its historical roots are much deeper, refer to early XIX century and have purely
From the book Battleships railways author Amirkhanov Leonid IlyasovichE. I. MARTYNOV Military figures of the World War era
From the book Crimea: battle of special forces author Kolontaev Konstantin VladimirovichThe second chapter Jews in the army and on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War Jews in the Red Army. From the Revolution to the Great Patriotic War Jewish soldiers during the revolution and the Civil War On all fronts of the Great Patriotic War, Soviet Jews participated in all
From the book 1812. Generals of the Patriotic War author Boyarintsev Vladimir IvanovichChapter 4. In the battles of the Great Patriotic War, German troops crossed the border of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941. The Great Patriotic War began. By this time, the Red Army was armed with 34 light armored trains, 13 heavy, 28 platforms with anti-aircraft guns.
From the author's bookChapter 1. The formation of new units of the Soviet marines after the start of the Great Patriotic War By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, among the citizens of the USSR who were subject to conscription into the Armed Forces from the reserve, there were about 500 thousand people who in the 20-30s of the XX century
From the author's bookChapter 3
From the author's bookChronology of the Patriotic War of 1812 On June 23, 1812, in the evening, a patrol of the Life Guards of the Cossack Regiment noticed suspicious movement on the Neman (hereinafter, the dates are given according to the new style). On June 24, at 6 o'clock in the morning, the vanguard of the French troops entered
The creator of victory in the Great Patriotic War was the Soviet people. But in order to realize his efforts, to defend the Fatherland on the battlefields, it was required high level the military art of the Armed Forces, which was supported by the military leadership talent of the military leaders.
The operations carried out in the last war by our military leaders are now being studied in all the military academies of the world. And if we talk about assessing their courage and talent, then here is one of them, brief but expressive: "As a soldier who watched the campaign of the Red Army, I was imbued with the deepest admiration for the skill of its leaders." This was said by Dwight Eisenhower, a man who understood the art of war.
The harsh school of war selected and consolidated by the end of the war the most outstanding commanders in the positions of front commanders.
The main features of military leadership talent Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov(1896-1974) - creativity, innovation, the ability to make unexpected decisions for the enemy. He was also distinguished by a deep mind and insight. In the words of Machiavelli, "nothing makes a commander so great as the ability to penetrate the enemy's plan." This ability of Zhukov played a particularly important role in the defense of Leningrad and Moscow, when, with extremely limited forces, only due to good reconnaissance, foreseeing possible directions of enemy attacks, he managed to collect almost all available means and repel enemy attacks.
Another outstanding military leader of the strategic plan was Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky(1895-1977). Being the chief of the General Staff for 34 months during the war, A. M. Vasilevsky was only 12 months in Moscow, in the General Staff, and 22 months was at the fronts. G. K. Zhukov and A. M. Vasilevsky had developed strategic thinking, a deep understanding of the situation. It was this circumstance that led to the same assessment of the situation and the development of far-sighted and well-founded decisions on the counteroffensive operation near Stalingrad, to the transition to strategic defense on the Kursk Bulge and in a number of other cases .
The invaluable quality of the Soviet commanders was their ability to take reasonable risks. This feature of military talent was noted, for example, by Marshal Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky(1896-1968). One of the remarkable pages of the military activity of K.K. Rokossovsky is the Belarusian operation, in which he commanded the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front.
An important feature of military leadership talent is intuition, which makes it possible to achieve surprise strikes. This rare quality possessed Konev Ivan Stepanovich(1897-1973). His military talent was most convincingly and vividly manifested in offensive operations, during which many brilliant victories were won. At the same time, he always tried not to get involved in protracted battles in large cities and forced the enemy to leave the city with roundabout maneuvers. This allowed him to reduce the losses of his troops, to prevent great destruction and casualties among the civilian population.
If I. S. Konev showed his best military leadership qualities in offensive operations, then Andrey Ivanovich Eremenko(1892-1970) - in the defensive.
A characteristic feature of a real commander is the eccentricity of the idea and actions, the departure from the template, military cunning, in which he succeeded great commander A. V. Suvorov. distinguished by these qualities Malinovsky Rodion Yakovlevich(1898-1967). Throughout almost the entire war, a remarkable feature of his talent as a commander was that he included in the plan of each operation some kind of action unexpected for the enemy, he knew how to deceive the enemy by a whole system of well-thought-out measures.
Having experienced all the wrath of Stalin in the first days of nightmarish failures at the fronts, Timoshenko Semyon Konstantinovich asked to be directed to the most dangerous area. Subsequently, the marshal commanded strategic directions and fronts. Under his command, there were heavy defensive battles on the territory of Belarus in July - August 1941. His name is associated with the heroic defense of Mogilev and Gomel, counterattacks near Vitebsk and Bobruisk. Under the leadership of Timoshenko, the largest and most stubborn battle of the first months of the war unfolded - Smolensk. In July 1941, the troops of the Western Direction under the command of Marshal Timoshenko stopped the advance of Army Group Center.
Troops under the command of Marshal Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan actively participated in the defeat of the German - fascist troops on the Kursk Bulge, in the Belorussian, Baltic, East Prussian and other operations and in capturing the fortress of Koenigsberg.
During the Great Patriotic War Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov commanded the 62nd (8th Guards) Army, which is forever inscribed in the annals of the heroic defense of the city of Stalingrad. Commander Chuikov introduced a new tactic to the troops - melee tactics. In Berlin, V.I. Chuikov was called: "General - Sturm." After the victory in Stalingrad, operations were successfully carried out: Zaporozhye, crossing the Dnieper, Nikopol, Odessa, Lublin, crossing the Vistula, Poznan citadel, Kyustrinsky fortress, Berlin, etc.
The youngest of the commanders of the fronts of the Great Patriotic War was an army general Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky. Chernyakhovsky's troops participated in the liberation of Voronezh, Kursk, Zhitomir, Vitebsk, Orsha, Vilnius, Kaunas and other cities, distinguished themselves in the battles for Kyiv, Minsk, were among the first to reach the border with Nazi Germany, and then smashed the Nazis in East Prussia.
During the Great Patriotic War Kirill Afanasyevich Meretskov commanded the troops of the northern directions. In 1941, Meretskov inflicted the first serious defeat in the war on the troops of Field Marshal Leeb near Tikhvin. On January 18, 1943, the troops of Generals Govorov and Meretskov, inflicting a counterattack near Shlisselburg (Operation Iskra), broke through the blockade of Leningrad. In June 1944 Marshal K. Mannerheim was defeated under their command in Karelia. In October 1944, Meretskov's troops defeated the enemy in the Arctic near Pechenga (Petsamo). In the spring of 1945, the “cunning Yaroslavets” (as Stalin called him) under the name of “General Maksimov” was sent to Far East. In August-September 1945, his troops participated in the defeat of the Kwantung Army, breaking into Manchuria from Primorye and liberating areas of China and Korea.
Thus, during the years of the Great Patriotic War, many remarkable military leadership qualities were manifested in our military leaders, which made it possible to ensure the superiority of their military art over the military art of the Nazis.
In the books and journal articles below, you can learn more about these and other outstanding commanders of the Great Patriotic War, the creators of its Victory.
Bibliography
1. Aleksandrov, A. The general was buried twice [Text] / A. Aleksandrov // Echo of the planet. - 2004. - N 18/19 . - S. 28 - 29.
Biography of Army General Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky.
2. Astrakhan, V. What Marshal Bagramyan read [Text] / V. Astrakhan // Library. - 2004. - N 5.- S. 68-69
What kind of literature interested Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, what was his circle of reading, personal library - another stroke in the portrait of the famous hero.
3. Borzunov, Semen Mikhailovich. The formation of the commander G. K. Zhukov [Text] / S. M. Borzunov // Military History Journal. - 2006. - N 11. - S. 78
4. Bushin, Vladimir. For the Motherland! For Stalin! [Text] / Vladimir Bushin. - M.: EKSMO: Algorithm, 2004. - 591s.
5. In memory of Marshal of Victory [Text]: on the 110th anniversary of the birth of Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov // Military History Journal. - 2006. - N 11. - S. 1
6. Gareev, M. A."The name will shine ... the commander of commanders in the conduct of war by mass armies" [Text]: on the 60th anniversary of the Victory: Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov / M.A. Gareev // Military History Journal. - 2003. - N5. -C.2-8.
The article tells about the outstanding Russian commander Marshal of the USSR G.K. Zhukov.
7. Gassiev, V. I. He could not only make a quick and necessary decision, but also be in a timely manner where this decision was carried out [Text] / V. I. Gassiev // Military History Journal. - 2003. - N 11. - pp. 26-29
The essay dedicated to a prominent and talented military leader contains fragments of the memoirs of those who fought side by side with I. A. Pliev during the Great Patriotic War.
8. Double Hero, Double Marshal[Text]: on the occasion of the 110th anniversary of the birth of Marshal of the Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky / material prepared. A. N. Chabanova // Military History Journal. - 2006. - N 11. - S. 2nd p. region
9. Zhukov G.K. At any price! [Text] / G.K. Zhukov // Motherland. - 2003. - N2.- P.18
10. Ionov, P. P. Military glory of the Fatherland [Text]: book. for reading on the "History of Russia" for Art. class general education School, Suvorov. and Nakhimov. schools and cadets. buildings / P. P. Ionov; Scientific - research. firm "RAU-un-t". - M.: RAU-University, 2003 - .Kn. 5: The Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945: (military history of Russia in the 20th century). - 2003. - 527 p.11.
11. Isaev, Alexey. Our " atomic bomb"[Text]: Berlin: Zhukov's biggest victory? / Alexei Isaev // Motherland. - 2008. - N 5. - 57-62
Berlin operation of Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov.
12. Kolpakov, A. V. In memory of the marshal-commander and quartermaster [Text] / A. V. Kolpakov // Military History Journal. - 2006. - N 6. - S. 64
About V. V. Karpov and I. Kh. Bagramyan
13. Commanders of the Great Patriotic War wars [Text]: a review of the editorial mail of the "Military History Journal" // Military History Journal. - 2006. - N 5. - S. 26-30
14. Kormiltsev N.V. The collapse of the offensive strategy of the Wehrmacht [Text]: on the 60th anniversary of the Battle of Kursk / N. V. Kormiltsev // Military History Journal. - 2003. - N 8. - S. 2-5
Vasilevsky, A. M., Zhukov, G. K.
15. Korobushin, V.V. Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov: "General Govorov ... has established himself ... as a strong-willed and energetic commander" [Text] / V.V. Korobushin // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 4. - S. 18-23
16. Kulakov, A. N. Duty and glory of Marshal G.K. Zhukov [Text] / A.N. Kulakov // Military History Journal. - 2007. - N 9. - S. 78-79.
17. Lebedev I. Order "Victory" in the Eisenhower Museum // Echo of the Planet. - 2005. - N 13. - S. 33
On the mutual awarding of the highest state awards during the Second World War to major military leaders of the victorious countries.
18. Lubchenkov, Yuri Nikolaevich. The most famous commanders of Russia [Text] / Yuri Nikolaevich Lubchenkov - M .: Veche, 2000. - 638 p.
Yuri Lubchenkov's book "The Most Famous Generals of Russia" ends with the names of the marshals of the Great Patriotic War Zhukov, Rokossovsky, Konev.
19. Maganov V.N."He was one of our most capable chiefs of staff" [Text] / V. N. Maganov, V. T. Iminov // Military History Journal. - 2002. - N12 .- pp. 2-8
The activities of the chief of staff of the association, his role in organizing military operations and commanding troops, Colonel General Leonid Mikhailovich Sandalov, are considered.
20. Makar I. P."By going over to the general offensive, we will finally finish off the main enemy grouping" [Text]: on the 60th anniversary of the Battle of Kursk / IP Makar // Military History Journal. - 2003. - N 7. - pp. 10-15
Vatutin N. F., Vasilevsky A. M., Zhukov G. K.
21. Malashenko E. I. Six Fronts of the Marshal [Text] / E. I. Malashenko// Military History Journal. - 2003. - N 10. - S. 2-8
About Marshal of the Soviet Union Ivan Stepanovich Konev - a man of difficult but amazing fate, one of the outstanding commanders of the 20th century.
22. Malashenko E. I. Fighter of the Vyatka land [Text] / E. I. Malashenko// Military History Journal. - 2001. - N8 .- p.77
About Marshal I. S. Konev.
23. Malashenko, E. I. Commanders of the Great Patriotic War [Text] / E. I. Malashenko // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 1. - S. 13-17
A study about the commanders of the Great Patriotic War, who played an important role in leading the troops.
24. Malashenko, E. I. Commanders of the Great Patriotic War [Text] / E. I. Malashenko // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 2. - S. 9-16. - Continuation. Nachalo N 1, 2005.
25. Malashenko, E. I. Commanders of the Great Patriotic War [Text]; E. I. Malashenko // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 3. - S. 19-26
26. Malashenko, E. I. Commanders of the Great Patriotic War [Text]; E. I. Malashenko // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 4. - S. 9-17. - Continuation. Beginning NN 1-3.
27. Malashenko, E. I. Commanders of the Great Patriotic War [Text]: commanders of tank troops / E. I. Malashenko // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 6. - S. 21-25
28. Malashenko, E. I. Commanders of the Great Patriotic War [Text] / E. I. Malashenko // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 5. - S. 15-25
29. Maslov, A. F. I. Kh. Bagramyan: "... We must, we must definitely attack" [Text] / A. F. Maslov // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 12. - S. 3-8
Biography of Marshal of the Soviet Union Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan.
30. Artillery Strike Master[Text] / material prepared. R. I. Parfenov // Military History Journal. - 2007. - N 4. - S. 2nd from the region.
To the 110th anniversary of the birth of Marshal of Artillery V.I. Kazakov. short biography
31. Mertsalov A. Stalinism and war [Text] / A. Mertsalov // Motherland. - 2003. - N2 .- pp.15-17
Stalin's leadership during the Great Patriotic War. Place Zhukov G.K. in the leadership system.
32. "We're in vain now we fight” [Text] // Motherland. - 2005. - N 4. - S. 88-97
Recording of a conversation between military leaders and political workers, which took place on January 17, 1945 with General A. A. Epishev. The question of the possibility of ending the Great Patriotic War earlier was discussed. (Bagramyan, I. Kh., Zakharov, M. V., Konev, I. S., Moskalenko, K. S., Rokossovsky, K. K., Chuikov, V. I., Rotmistrov, P. A., Batitsky, P.F., Efimov, P.I., Egorov, N.V., etc.)
33. Nikolaev, I. General [Text] / I. Nikolaev // Star. - 2006. - N 2. - S. 105-147
About General Alexander Vasilyevich Gorbatov, whose life was inextricably linked with the army.
34. Order "Victory"[Text] // Motherland. - 2005. - N 4. - S. 129
On the establishment of the Order "Victory" and the military leaders awarded by it (Zhukov, G.K., Vasilevsky A.M., Stalin I.V., Rokossovsky K.K., Konev, I.S., Malinovsky R. Ya., Tolbukhin F.I., Govorov L.A., Timoshenko S.K., Antonov A.I., Meretskov, K.A.)
35. Ostrovsky, A. V. Lvov-Sandomierz operation [Text] / A. V. Ostrovsky // Military History Journal. - 2003. - N 7. - S. 63
About the Lvov-Sandomierz operation of 1944 on the 1st Ukrainian Front, Marshal I. S. Konev.
36. Petrenko, V. M. Marshal of the Soviet Union K. K. Rokossovsky: “The commander of the front and the ordinary fighter at times equally affect success ...” [Text] / V. M. Petrenko // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 7. - S. 19-23
About one of the most prominent Soviet commanders - Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky.
37. Petrenko, V. M. Marshal of the Soviet Union K. K. Rokossovsky: “The commander of the front and the ordinary fighter at times equally affect success ...” [Text] / V. M. Petrenko // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 5. - S. 10-14
38. Pechenkin A. A. Front commanders in 1943 [Text] / Pechenkin A. A. // Military History Journal. - 2003. - N 10 . - pp. 9 -16
The military leaders of the Great Patriotic War: Bagramyan I. Kh., Vatutin N. F., Govorov L. A., Eremenko A. I., Konev I. S., Malinovsky R. Ya., Meretskov K. A., Rokossovsky K. K. , Timoshenko S. K., Tolbukhin F. I.
39. Pechenkin A. A. Front commanders in 1941 [Text] / A. A. Pechenkin // Military History Journal. - 2001. - N6 .- C.3-13
The article tells about the generals and marshals who commanded the fronts from June 22 to December 31, 1941. These are Marshals of the Soviet Union S. M. Budyonny, K. E. Voroshilov, S. K. Timoshenko, army generals I. R. Apanasenko, G. K. Zhukov, K. A. Meretskov, D. G. Pavlov, I. V. Tyulenev, Colonel Generals A. I. Eremenko, M. P. Kirponos, I. S. Konev, F. I. Kuznetsov, Ya. T. Cherevichenko, Lieutenant Generals P. A. Artemiev, I. A. Bogdanov, M. G. Efremov, M. P. Kovalev, D. T. Kozlov, F. Ya. Kostenko, P. A. Kurochkin, R. Ya. Malinovsky, M. M. Popov, D. I. Ryabyshev, V. A. Frolov, M. S. Khozin, Major Generals G. F. Zakharov, P. P. Sobennikov and I. I. Fedyuninsky.
40. Pechenkin A. A. Front commanders in 1942 [Text] / A. A. Pechenkin // Military History Journal. - 2002. - N11 .- pp. 66-75
The article is devoted to the front commanders of the Red Army in 1942. The author gives a complete list of military leaders in 1942 (Vatutin, Govorov, Golikov Gordov, Rokossovsky, Chibisov).
41. Pechenkin, A. A. They gave their lives for their Motherland [Text] / A. A. Pechenkin // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 5. - S. 39-43
About losses Soviet generals and admirals during the Great Patriotic War.
42. Pechenkin, A. A. Creators Great Victory[Text] / A. A. Pechenkin // Military History Journal. - 2007. - N 1. - S. 76
43. Pechenkin, A. A. Front commanders in 1944 [Text] / A. A. Pechenkin // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 10. - S. 9-14
On the actions of the military leaders of the Red Army in offensive operations against the German invaders in 1944.
44. Pechenkin, A. A. Front commanders in 1944 [Text] / A. A. Pechenkin // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 11. - S. 17-22
45. Popelov, L. I. The tragic fate of the commander V. A. Khomenko [Text] / L. I. Popelov // Military History Journal. - 2007. - N 1. - S. 10
About the fate of the commander of the Great Patriotic War Vasily Afanasyevich Khomenko.
46. Popova S. S. Military awards of the Marshal of the Soviet Union R. Ya. Malinovsky [Text] / S. S. Popova // Military History Journal. - 2004. - N 5.- S. 31
47. Rokossovsky, Konstantin Konstantinovich Soldier's duty [Text] / K. K. Rokossovsky. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1988. - 366 p.
48. Rubtsov Yu. V. G.K. Zhukov: "Any indication ... I will take it for granted" [Text] / Yu. V. Rubtsov // Military History Journal. - 2001. - N12. - pp. 54-60
49. Rubtsov Yu. V. About the fate of Marshal G.K. Zhukov - the language of documents [Text] / Yu. V. Rubtsov // Military History Journal. - 2002. - N6. - pp. 77-78
50. Rubtsov, Yu. V. Marshals of Stalin [Text] / Yu. V. Rubtsov. - Rostov - n / a: Phoenix, 2002. - 351 p.
51. Russian military leaders A. V. Suvorov, M. I. Kutuzov, P. S. Nakhimov, G. K. Zhukov[Text]. - M.: WRIGHT, 1996. - 127 p.
52. Skorodumov, V. F. About Marshal Chuikov and Zhukov's Bonapartism [Text] / V. F. Skorodumov // Neva. - 2006. - N 7. - S. 205-224
Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov as commander-in-chief ground forces stayed relatively short. It must be assumed that his irreconcilable character did not come to court in the higher spheres.
53. Smirnov, D. S. Life for the Motherland [Text] / D.S. Smirnov // Military History Journal. - 2008. - N 12. - S. 37-39
New information about the generals who died during the Great Patriotic War.
54. Sokolov, B. Stalin and his marshals [Text] / B. Sokolov // Knowledge is power. - 2004. - N 12. - S. 52-60
55. Sokolov, B. When was Rokossovsky born? [Text]: touches to the portrait of the marshal / B. Sokolov // Motherland. - 2009. - N 5. - S. 14-16
56. Spikhina, O. R. Master of Environments [Text] / O. R. Spikhina // Military History Journal. - 2007. - N 6. - S. 13
Konev, Ivan Stepanovich (Marshal of the Soviet Union)
57. Suvorov, Victor. Suicide: Why did Hitler attack the Soviet Union [Text] / V. Suvorov. - M.: AST, 2003. - 379 p.
58. Suvorov, Victor. Shadow of Victory [Text] / V. Suvorov. - Donetsk: Stalker, 2003. - 381 p.
59. Tarasov M. Ya. Seven January days [Text]: on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the breaking of the blockade of Leningrad / M. Ya. Tarasov // Military History Journal. - 2003. - N1. - pp. 38-46
G. K. Zhukov, L. A. Govorov, K. A. Meretskov, M. P. Dukhanov, V. Z. Romanovsky
60. Tyushkevich, S. A. Chronicle of the feat of the commander [Text] / S. A. Tyushkevich // National history. - 2006. - N 3. - S. 179-181
Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich.
61. Filimonov, A. V."Special folder" for division commander K. K. Rokossovsky [Text] / A. V. Filimonov // Military History Journal. - 2006. - N 9. - S. 12-15
About the little-known pages of the life of Marshal of the Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky.
62. Chuikov, V. I. Banner of victory over Berlin [Text] / V. I. Chuikov // Free thought. - 2009. - N 5 (1600). - pp. 166-172
Rokossovsky K. K., Zhukov G. K., Konev I. S.
63. Schukin, V. Marshal of the northern directions [Text] / V. Schukin // Warrior of Russia. - 2006. - N 2. - S. 102-108
The military career of one of the most prominent commanders of the Great Patriotic War, Marshal K. A. Meretsky.
64. Ekshtut S. Admiral and Boss [Text] / S. Ekshtut // Motherland. - 2004. - N 7. - pp. 80-85
About Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov.
65. Ekshtut S. The debut of the commander [Text] / S. Ekshtut // Motherland. - 2004. - N 6 - S. 16-19
The history of the battle near the Khalkhin-Gol River in 1939, a biography of commander Georgy Zhukov.
66. Erlikhman, V. The commander and his shadow: Marshal Zhukov in the mirror of history [Text] / V. Erlikhman // Motherland. - 2005. - N 12. - S. 95-99
About the fate of Marshal Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov.
Bagramyan I. X.(1897-1982) - Soviet military commander. Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. During the Civil War he fought on the Caucasian front, where in 1920 he joined the Red Army. During the Great Patriotic War - chief of staff of a number of fronts, commander of the army, front. After the war - Deputy Minister of Defense - Head of Logistics.
Blucher V.K.(1890-1938) - Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union. From March 1918 he commanded the Eastern Detachment in the fight against Dutovism. He commanded a number of army groups. In 1920-1922. - Minister of War and Commander-in-Chief of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far East. The first holder of the Order of the Red Banner. After the Civil War - in the highest command posts in the army. In 1929-1938 - Commander of the Separate Red Banner Far Eastern Army. In 1938 he was arrested and shot.
Budyonny S. M.(1883-1973) - Soviet military leader. Marshal of the Soviet Union. Three times Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1919-1923. - Commander of the 1st Cavalry Army. Later - in command positions in the Red Army, deputy and 1st deputy people's commissar of defense. In 1941-1942. commanded the troops of a number of fronts and directions, then - the cavalry of the Red Army.
Vasilevsky A. M.(1895-1977) - Soviet military leader. Marshal of the Soviet Union. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union. From May 1942 - Chief of the General Staff and Deputy People's Commissar of Defense. In February 1945 he was appointed commander of the 3rd Belorussian Front and a member of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. Led the assault on Koenigsberg. In August 1945, he commanded the Soviet troops during the defeat of the Kwantung Army during the Manchurian offensive. After the war - in large military posts in the leadership of the armed forces.
Vatutin N. F. (1901-1944) - Soviet military leader. During the Great Patriotic War - Chief of Staff of the North-Western Front, Deputy Chief of the General Staff, Commander of the Voronezh, South-Western, 1st Ukrainian Fronts. Army General. The hero of the USSR. He died from a severe wound in 1944.
Vatsetis I.I.(1873-1938) - Soviet military leader, participant in the First World War (colonel). One of the leaders of the suppression of the speech of the Left Social Revolutionaries in July 1918. In September 1918 - July 1919 - Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic. Simultaneously in January-March 1919. - Commander of the Army of Soviet Latvia. From August 1919 - at work in the RVSR. Since 1921 - in teaching at the Military Academy of the Red Army, commander of the 2nd rank. Repressed.
Voronov N. N. (1899-1968) - Soviet military leader. Chief Marshal of Artillery. Head of the Main Directorate of Air Defense, head of artillery of the Red Army. Carried out the general leadership of the destruction of the enemy military group surrounded near Stalingrad. After the war, in responsible positions in the Soviet Army.
Voroshilov K. E. (1881-1969) - party, military, statesman of the USSR. Marshal of the Soviet Union. Member of the Civil War in the South of Russia and Ukraine. Since 1924 - Commander of the Moscow Military District, member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. In 1925-1934. - People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. In 1934-1940. - People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars. In the Great Patriotic War - a member of the State Defense Committee and a representative of the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief on a number of fronts.
Gamarnik Ya. B. (1894-1937) - party and military leader. During the Civil War - at party work in the army. After the war - 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus, head of the Political Directorate of the Red Army, member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, deputy chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, deputy. People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, army commissar of the 1st rank. Repressed.
Govorov L. A.(1897-1955) - Soviet military commander. Marshal of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Soviet Union. In January 1920 he voluntarily joined the Red Army. After the war - in command positions. During the Great Patriotic War he commanded the army, the Leningrad Front. Then - Chief Military Inspector of the Armed Forces - Deputy Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Commander-in-Chief of the Air Defense Forces - Deputy. Minister of Defense of the USSR.
Gorshkov S. G.(1910-1988) - Soviet military figure. During the Great Patriotic War - commander of the Azov military flotilla, the Danube military flotilla, the squadron of the Black Sea Fleet. After the war - Commander-in-Chief of the Navy of the USSR, Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
Grechko A. A. (1903-1976) - Soviet military and statesman. During the Great Patriotic War, he commanded a division, an army, was deputy commander of the 1st Ukrainian front. After the war - Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR. From 1967 to 1976 - Minister of Defense of the USSR.
Egorov A.I.(1883-1939) - Soviet military leader. Member of the "First World War (colonel). In 1918-1919 he commanded the 10th and 14th armies. Later - the commander of the Southern and Southwestern Fronts. After the Civil War - Chief of the General Staff, Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. Marshal of the Soviet Union Shot with a group of military leaders on false charges.
Eremenko A. I. (1892-1970) - Soviet military leader. During the Great Patriotic War he commanded the army and troops of a number of fronts. Then he commanded the military districts, was the Inspector General of the Ministry of Defense. Marshal of the Soviet Union. The hero of the USSR.
Zhukov G. K. (1896-1974) - the largest Soviet military leader. Marshal of the Soviet Union, four times Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1939, he commanded the Soviet troops that defeated the Japanese at Khalkhin Gol. In January-July 1941 - Chief of the General Staff - Deputy. Defense Commissar. Since June 23 - member of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. From August 1942 - First Deputy People's Commissar of Defense and Supreme Commander. Directly participated in the development and implementation of major military operations of the war - Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad, Kursk, Belorussian, Berlin. On May 8, 1945, on behalf of the Soviet leadership, he accepted the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany in Berlin. June 24 hosted the Victory Parade in Moscow. After the war he commanded a number of military districts. Later - Minister of Defense of the USSR. Since 1957 - retired.
Zakharov M. V. (1898-1972) - Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. During the Great Patriotic War - chief of staff of a number of fronts. In the future - the head of the Academy of the General Staff, the commander of the military districts, the head of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR - the first deputy minister of defense.
Isakov I. S. (1894-1967) - Soviet military leader. Since 1938 - Deputy, First Deputy People's Commissar of the Navy of the USSR, and in 1941-1943. - at the same time the chief of the Main Naval Staff of the Navy. Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union. The hero of the USSR.
Kamenev S. S.(1881-1936) - Soviet military commander. Member of the First World War (colonel). In 1918-1919. - Commander of the Eastern Front. In 1919-1924. - Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic and a member of the RVSR. Later, Deputy People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, Deputy. Chairman of the RVSR.
Karbyshev D. M.(1880-1945) - military engineer. Lieutenant general. Member of the Russian-Japanese and World War I (lieutenant colonel). Author of many works on fortification and military engineering. In 1941 he was taken prisoner and was tortured to death in the Nazi camp Mauthausen. The hero of the USSR.
Konev I.S.(1897-1973) - Soviet military commander. Marshal of the Soviet Union. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union. Member of the First World War (junior non-commissioned officer). In 1921-1922 - Commissar of the headquarters of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far East. During the Great Patriotic War he commanded armies and fronts. After the war - Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces, 1st Deputy Minister of Defense, Commander-in-Chief of the Forces of the countries participating in the Warsaw Pact.
Malinovsky R. I. (1898-1967) - Soviet statesman and military leader. Member of the First World War. Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. During the Great Patriotic War, he commanded the army, the front. After the war - Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces, Minister of Defense of the USSR. Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
Meretskov K. A.(1897-1968) - Soviet military leader. During the Civil War he fought against the whites on the Eastern and Southern fronts. Before the Great Patriotic War, he was Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army. During the war he commanded armies and fronts. After the war - assistant to the Minister of Defense for military schools. Marshal of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Soviet Union.
Mironov F. K. (1872-1921) - Soviet military leader. During the Civil War, he commanded the Lithuanian-Belarusian and 16th armies. In 1920 - commander of the 2nd Cavalry Army. Shot after the war.
Moskalenko K.S.(1902-1985) - Soviet military figure. Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. During the war he commanded a number of armies. After the war - in responsible command positions in the armed forces.
Rokossovsky K. K. (1896-1968) - Soviet military leader. Member of the First World War (junior non-commissioned officer). Actively fought on the Eastern Front against the troops of Kolchak. After the war - in command positions in the Red Army. During the Great Patriotic War he commanded a number of armies and fronts. He was one of the most popular military leaders who achieved the most significant success in military operations. After the war - Minister of National Defense of Poland, in military positions in the Armed Forces of the USSR. Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
Sokolovsky V. D. (1897-1968) - Soviet military commander. He fought during the Civil War, mainly in staff positions. After graduation - in staff and command positions. During the Great Patriotic War - chief of staff of a number of fronts and front commander. After the war - Commander-in-Chief of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, Chief of the General Staff. Marshal of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Soviet Union.
Timoshenko S. K.(1895-1970) - Soviet military and statesman. Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1940-1941. - People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. Then - commander-in-chief of the South-Western, Western directions, commander of the Western, Southwestern fronts. Later he commanded the troops of other fronts. After the war - in command positions in the Soviet Army.
Tolbukhin F.I.(1894-1949) - Soviet military commander. Member of the First World War (headquarters captain). Fought in the Civil War in the Western and North-Western directions. During the Great Patriotic War - chief of staff of a number of fronts, commanded the armies of the Southern, 3rd and 4th Ukrainian fronts. Later - Commander-in-Chief of the Southern Group of Forces, Commander of the Transcaucasian Military District. Marshal of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Soviet Union.
Tukhachevsky M. N. (1893-1937) - Soviet military leader. Member of the First World War (lieutenant). During the Civil War, he commanded a number of armies and fronts. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for the defeat of Kolchak. In 1921, he led the suppression of the Kronstadt and Tambov uprisings. In the postwar years - Deputy People's Commissar of Defense, Chief of the General Staff, Deputy Chairman of the RVSR. Marshal of the Soviet Union. One of the greatest military theorists in the USSR. Convicted on false charges and shot in 1937.
Uborevich I. P. (1896-1937) - Soviet military leader. During the Civil War, he commanded the 9th, 13th and 14th armies. In 1921-1922. commanded the troops of the Siberian Military District, then was the Minister of War and Commander-in-Chief of the NRADR. Commander 1st rank. Repressed in 1937 on a falsified "military case".
Chernyakhovsky I. D. (1906-1945) - Soviet military figure. Army General, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. During the Great Patriotic War he commanded a division, corps, army. Western and 3rd Belorussian fronts. Successfully carried out a number of military operations. He was mortally wounded near the town of Melsack in East Prussia and died on February 18, 1945.
Chuikov V.I.(1900-1982) - Soviet military leader. During the Great Patriotic War, he commanded a number of armies, in particular the 62nd Army in the defense of Stalingrad. Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
Shaposhnikov B. M.(1882-1945) - military figure and theorist of military affairs. Member of the First World War (colonel). During the years of the Civil War and after its end - at the staff and military teaching work. Marshal of the Soviet Union. During the Great Patriotic War - Chief of the General Staff, Deputy People's Commissar of Defense.
Yakir I. E.(1896-1937) - Soviet military commander. During the Civil War - in political and command work in the Red Army. After graduation - in high army positions. Commander 1st rank. Repressed with a group of military men in 1937.
Introduction
This short article contains only a drop of information about the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. In fact, there are a huge number of heroes and collecting all the information about these people and their exploits is a titanic work and it is already a little beyond the scope of our project. Nevertheless, we decided to start with 5 heroes - many of them have heard about some of them, others have a little less information and few people know about them, especially the younger generation.
The victory in the Great Patriotic War was achieved by the Soviet people thanks to their incredible efforts, dedication, ingenuity and self-sacrifice. This is especially vividly revealed in the heroes of the war, who performed incredible feats on and behind the battlefield. These great people should be known to everyone who is grateful to their fathers and grandfathers for the opportunity to live in peace and tranquility.
Viktor Vasilievich Talalikhin
The history of Viktor Vasilievich begins with the small village of Teplovka, located in the Saratov province. Here he was born in the autumn of 1918. His parents were simple workers. He himself, after graduating from a school that specialized in the production of workers for factories and factories, worked at a meat processing plant and at the same time attended an flying club. After he graduated from one of the few pilot schools in Borisoglebsk. He took part in the conflict between our country and Finland, where he received a baptism of fire. During the period of confrontation between the USSR and Finland, Talalikhin made about five dozen sorties, while destroying several enemy aircraft, as a result of which he was awarded the honorary Order of the Red Star in the fortieth year for special successes and the fulfillment of assigned tasks.
Viktor Vasilievich distinguished himself by heroic deeds already during the battles in the great war for our people. Although he has about sixty sorties, the main battle took place on August 6, 1941 in the sky over Moscow. As part of a small air group, Viktor flew out on an I-16 to repel air attack enemy to the capital of the USSR. At an altitude of several kilometers, he met a German He-111 bomber. Talalikhin fired several machine-gun bursts at him, but the German plane skillfully dodged them. Then Viktor Vasilievich, through a cunning maneuver and regular shots from a machine gun, hit one of the bomber's engines, but this did not help stop the "German". To the chagrin of the Russian pilot, after failed attempts to stop the bomber, there are no live ammunition left, and Talalikhin decides to ram. For this ram, he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
During the war there were many such cases, but by the will of fate, Talalikhin became the first who decided to ram, neglecting his own safety, in our sky. He died in October of the forty-first year in the rank of squadron commander, performing another sortie.
Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub
In the village of Obrazhievka, a future hero, Ivan Kozhedub, was born in a family of simple peasants. After graduating from school in 1934, he entered the Chemical Technology College. The Shostka flying club was the first place where Kozhedub received flying skills. Then in the fortieth year he entered the army. In the same year, he successfully entered and graduated from the military aviation school in the city of Chuguev.
Ivan Nikitovich took a direct part in the Great Patriotic War. On his account there are more than a hundred air battles, during which he shot down 62 aircraft. Of the large number of sorties, two main ones can be distinguished - a battle with a Me-262 fighter having a jet engine, and an attack on a group of FW-190 bombers.
The battle with the Me-262 jet fighter took place in mid-February 1945. On this day, Ivan Nikitovich, together with his partner Dmitry Tatarenko, flew out on La-7 planes to hunt. After a short search, they came across a low-flying aircraft. He flew along the river from the direction of Frankfupt an der Oder. Approaching closer, the pilots discovered that this was a new generation Me-262 aircraft. But this did not discourage the pilots from attacking an enemy aircraft. Then Kozhedub decided to attack on a collision course, as it was the only possibility destroy the enemy. During the attack, the wingman fired a short burst from a machine gun ahead of schedule, which could confuse all the cards. But to the surprise of Ivan Nikitovich, such an outburst of Dmitry Tatarenko had a positive effect. The German pilot turned around in such a way that he eventually fell into the sight of Kozhedub. He had to pull the trigger and destroy the enemy. Which he did.
The second heroic feat Ivan Nikitovich accomplished in mid-April of the forty-fifth year in the area of \u200b\u200bthe capital of Germany. Again, together with Titarenko, performing another sortie, they found a group of FW-190 bombers with full combat kits. Kozhedub immediately reported this to the command post, but without waiting for reinforcements, he began an attacking maneuver. German pilots saw how two Soviet aircraft, having risen, disappeared into the clouds, but they did not attach any importance to this. Then the Russian pilots decided to attack. Kozhedub descended to the height of the Germans and began shooting them, and Titarenko fired in short bursts in different directions from a higher altitude, trying to give the enemy the impression of the presence of a large number of Soviet fighters. The German pilots believed at first, but after a few minutes of battle, their doubts dissipated, and they proceeded to take active steps to destroy the enemy. Kozhedub was on the verge of death in this battle, but his friend saved him. When Ivan Nikitovich tried to get away from the German fighter, who was chasing him and being in the position of shooting the Soviet fighter, Titarenko was ahead of the German pilot in a short burst and destroyed the enemy machine. Soon a support group arrived in time, and the German group of aircraft was destroyed.
During the war, Kozhedub was twice recognized as a Hero of the Soviet Union and was elevated to the rank of Marshal of Soviet Aviation.
Dmitry Romanovich Ovcharenko
The homeland of the soldier is the village with the speaking name Ovcharovo of the Kharkov province. He was born into the family of a carpenter in 1919. His father taught him all the intricacies of his craft, which later played an important role in the fate of the hero. Ovcharenko studied at school for only five years, then went to work on a collective farm. He was drafted into the army in 1939. The first days of the war, as befits a soldier, met on the front lines. After a short service, he received minor damage, which, unfortunately for the soldier, caused him to move from the main unit to serve at the ammunition depot. It was this position that became the key for Dmitry Romanovich, in which he accomplished his feat.
It all happened in the middle of the summer of 1941 in the area of the village of Arctic fox. Ovcharenko carried out the order of his superiors to deliver ammunition and food to a military unit located a few kilometers from the village. He came across two trucks with fifty German soldiers and three officers. They surrounded him, took away the rifle and began to interrogate him. But the Soviet soldier did not lose his head and, taking an ax lying next to him, cut off the head of one of the officers. While the Germans were discouraged, he took three grenades from a dead officer and threw them towards the German cars. These throws were extremely successful: 21 soldiers were killed on the spot, and Ovcharenko finished off the rest with an ax, including the second officer who tried to escape. The third officer still managed to escape. But even here the Soviet soldier did not lose his head. He collected all the documents, maps, records and machine guns and took them to the General Staff, while bringing ammunition and food on time. At first, they did not believe him that he single-handedly dealt with a whole platoon of the enemy, but after a detailed study of the battlefield, all doubts were dispelled.
Thanks to the heroic act of the soldier, Ovcharenko was recognized as a Hero of the Soviet Union, and he also received one of the most significant orders - the Order of Lenin, along with the Gold Star medal. He did not live to win just three months. The wound received in the battles for Hungary in January became fatal for the fighter. At that time he was a machine gunner of the 389th Infantry Regiment. He went down in history as a soldier with an axe.
Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya
Homeland for Zoya Anatolyevna is the village of Osina-Gai, located in the Tambov region. She was born on September 8, 1923 in a Christian family. By the will of fate, Zoya spent her childhood in gloomy wanderings around the country. So, in 1925, the family was forced to move to Siberia in order to avoid persecution by the state. A year later they moved to Moscow, where her father died in 1933. The orphaned Zoya begins to have health problems that prevent her from studying. In the fall of 1941, Kosmodemyanskaya joined the ranks of intelligence officers and saboteurs of the Western Front. In a short time, Zoya underwent combat training and began to fulfill her tasks.
She accomplished her heroic deed in the village of Petrishchevo. By order of Zoya and a group of fighters, they were instructed to burn a dozen settlements, which included the village of Petrishchevo. On the night of November 28, Zoya and her comrades made their way to the village and came under fire, as a result of which the group broke up and Kosmodemyanskaya had to act alone. After spending the night in the forest, early in the morning she went to carry out the task. Zoya managed to set fire to three houses and escape unnoticed. But when she decided to return again and finish what she had begun, the villagers were already waiting for her, who, seeing the saboteur, immediately informed the German soldiers. Kosmodemyanskaya was seized and tortured for a long time. They tried to find out from her information about the unit in which she served, and her name. Zoya refused and did not tell anything, but when asked what her name was, she called herself Tanya. The Germans considered that they could not get more information and hung it in public. Zoya met her death with dignity, and her last words went down in history forever. Dying, she said that our people numbered one hundred and seventy million people, and all of them could not be outweighed. So, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya died heroically.
Mentions of Zoya are associated primarily with the name "Tanya", under which she went down in history. She is also a Hero of the Soviet Union. Her distinguishing feature is the first woman to receive this honorary title posthumously.
Alexey Tikhonovich Sevastyanov
This hero was the son of a simple cavalryman, a native of the Tver region, was born in the winter of the seventeenth year in the small village of Kholm. After graduating from a technical school in Kalinin, he entered the school of military aviation. Sevastyanov finished her with success in the thirty-ninth. For more than a hundred sorties, he destroyed four enemy aircraft, of which two individually and in a group, as well as one balloon.
He received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously. The most important sorties for Aleksey Tikhonovich were fights in the sky over the Leningrad region. So, on November 4, 1941, Sevastyanov, on his IL-153 aircraft, patrolled the sky over the northern capital. And just during his watch, the Germans made a raid. Artillery could not cope with the onslaught and Alexei Tikhonovich had to join the battle. The German aircraft He-111 for a long time managed to keep the Soviet fighter out. After two unsuccessful attacks, Sevastyanov made a third attempt, but when it was time to pull the trigger and destroy the enemy in a short burst, the Soviet pilot discovered the lack of ammunition. Without thinking twice, he decides to go to the ram. The Soviet plane pierced the tail of an enemy bomber with its propeller. For Sevastyanov, this maneuver was successful, but for the Germans it all ended in captivity.
The second significant flight and the last for the hero was an air battle in the sky over Ladoga. Alexei Tikhonovich died in an unequal battle with the enemy on April 23, 1942.
Conclusion
As we have already said, not all the heroes of the war are collected in this article, there are about eleven thousand of them in total (according to official figures). Among them are Russians, and Kazakhs, and Ukrainians, and Belarusians, and all other nations of our multinational state. There are those who did not receive the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, having committed an equally important act, but by coincidence, information about them was lost. There was a lot in the war: the desertion of soldiers, and betrayal, and death, and much more, but the most great importance had feats - these are the heroes. Thanks to them, victory was won in the Great Patriotic War.
The battles have long died down. The veterans leave one by one. But the heroes of the Second World War of 1941-1945 and their exploits will forever remain in the memory of grateful descendants. This article will tell about the brightest personalities of those years and their immortal deeds. Some were still quite young, while others were no longer young. Each of the characters has its own character and its own destiny. But all of them were united by love for the Motherland and a willingness to sacrifice themselves for its good.
Alexander Matrosov.
Orphanage pupil Sasha Matrosov went to war at the age of 18. Immediately after the infantry school, he was sent to the front. February 1943 turned out to be "hot". Alexander's battalion went on the attack, and at some point the guy, along with several comrades, was surrounded. It was not possible to break through to our own - enemy machine guns fired too densely. Soon Matrosov was left alone. His comrades perished under the bullets. The young man had only a few seconds to make a decision. Unfortunately, it turned out to be the last in his life. Wanting to bring at least some benefit to his native battalion, Alexander Matrosov rushed to the embrasure, covering it with his body. The fire is silent. The attack of the Red Army was ultimately successful - the Nazis retreated. And Sasha went to heaven as a young and handsome 19-year-old guy ...
Marat Kazei
When the Great Patriotic War began, Marat Kazei was only twelve. He lived in the village of Stankovo with his sister and parents. In the 41st he was in occupation. Marat's mother helped the partisans, providing them with her shelter and feeding them. Once the Germans found out about this and shot the woman. Left alone, the children, without hesitation, went to the forest and joined the partisans. Marat, who had completed only four classes before the war, helped his senior comrades as much as he could. He was even taken on reconnaissance; and he also participated in undermining the German trains. In the 43rd, the boy was awarded the medal "For Courage", for the heroism shown during the breakthrough of the encirclement. The boy was wounded in that terrible battle. And in 1944, Kazei was returning from intelligence with an adult partisan. They were noticed by the Germans and began to fire. The older comrade died. Marat fired back to the last bullet. And when he had only one grenade left, the teenager let the Germans get closer and blew himself up along with them. He was 15 years old.
Alexey Maresyev
The name of this man is known to every inhabitant of the former Soviet Union. After all, we are talking about a legendary pilot. Alexei Maresyev was born in 1916 and dreamed of the sky since childhood. Even the transferred rheumatism did not become an obstacle on the way to the dream. Despite the prohibitions of doctors, Alexei entered the flight - they took him after several futile attempts. In 1941, the stubborn young man went to the front. The sky was not what he dreamed of. But it was necessary to defend the Motherland, and Maresyev did everything for this. Once his plane was shot down. Wounded in both legs, Aleksey managed to land the car on the territory occupied by the Germans and even somehow get through to his own. But time has been lost. The legs were "devoured" by gangrene, and they had to be amputated. Where to go to a soldier without both limbs? After all, she was completely crippled ... But Alexei Maresyev was not one of those. He remained in the ranks and continued to fight the enemy. As many as 86 times the winged car with the hero on board managed to take to the skies. Maresyev shot down 11 German planes. The pilot was lucky to survive that terrible war and feel the heady taste of victory. He died in 2001. "The Tale of a Real Man" by Boris Polevoy is a work about him. It was the feat of Maresyev that inspired the author to write it.
Zinaida Portnova
Born in 1926, Zina Portnova met the war as a teenager. At that time, a native resident of Leningrad was visiting relatives in Belarus. Once in the occupied territory, she did not sit on the sidelines, but entered into partisan movement. She glued leaflets, established contact with the underground ... In 1943, the Germans grabbed the girl and dragged her to their lair. During the interrogation, Zina somehow managed to take a pistol from the table. She shot her tormentors - two soldiers and an investigator. It was a heroic act that made the attitude of the Germans towards Zina even more brutal. It is impossible to convey in words the torment that the girl experienced during the terrible torture. But she was silent. Not a word could be squeezed out by the Nazis from her. As a result, the Germans shot their captive without getting anything from the heroine Zina Portnova.
Andrey Korzun
Andrei Korzun turned thirty in 1941. He was immediately called to the front, sent to the artillerymen. Korzun took part in the terrible battles near Leningrad, during one of which he was seriously wounded. It was November 5, 1943. As he fell, Korzun noticed that the ammunition depot was on fire. It was necessary to urgently put out the fire, otherwise the explosion of huge force threatened to take many lives. Somehow, bleeding and in pain, the gunner crawled to the warehouse. The artilleryman did not have the strength to take off his overcoat and throw it on the flame. Then he covered the fire with his body. The explosion didn't happen. Andrei Korzun failed to survive.
Leonid Golikov
Another young hero is Lenya Golikov. Born in 1926. Lived in the Novgorod region. With the outbreak of war, he left to partisan. The courage and determination of this teenager was not to take. Leonid destroyed 78 fascists, a dozen enemy trains and even a couple of bridges. The explosion that went down in history and claimed the German General Richard von Wirtz was his doing. The car of an important rank flew into the air, and Golikov took possession of valuable documents, for which he received the star of the Hero. A brave partisan died in 1943 near the village of Ostraya Luka during a German attack. The enemy significantly outnumbered our fighters in number, and they had no chance. Golikov fought until his last breath.
These are just six of the great many stories that permeated the entire war. Everyone who passed it, who even for a moment brought victory closer, is already a hero. Thanks to such as Maresyev, Golikov, Korzun, Matrosov, Kazei, Portnova and millions of other Soviet soldiers, the world got rid of the brown plague of the 20th century. And the reward for their deeds was eternal life!