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Day of Remembrance of those killed in the First World War. Day of Remembrance for those who died in World War I Day of Remembrance for those who died in World Wars

Day of Remembrance for those killed in the First World War. On November 11, 1918, the Compiègne armistice, which meant the surrender of Germany, ended the First World War lasting four years and three months. Almost 10 million people died in its fire, about 20 million were injured. Humanity has never known such losses before. No less significant outcome of the war was a radical redrawing of the political map of the world. Germany was forced to unilaterally demobilize its army, hand over its aircraft and navy to the victors, give up its colonies, as well as Alsace-Lorraine, Polish provinces and a number of other territories, and pledged to pay gigantic reparations to compensate for the damage from the war. Its allies, Austria-Hungary and Türkiye, were dismembered. Bulgaria survived as a state, but suffered significant territorial losses. In the fire of the First World War, the last continental empires in Europe - German, Austro-Hungarian and Russian - perished. In Asia, the Ottoman Empire collapsed.

On June 27, 2012, Russian President Vladimir Putin, answering a question from Senator A. I. Lisitsyn in the Federation Council about how Russia is going to celebrate the centenary of the outbreak of the First World War, accused the Bolshevik leadership of Russia's loss of the First World War - "... that is the result of the betrayal of the then government ... the Bolsheviks committed an act of national betrayal…”. Putin called Russia's loss unique: “Our country lost this war to the losing side. A unique situation in human history. We lost to the losing Germany, in fact, capitulated to it, after a while it itself capitulated to the Entente,” Putin said.

Armistice Day 1918 (November 11) is a national holiday in Belgium and France and is celebrated annually. In the UK, Armistice Day is celebrated on the Sunday closest to 11 November as Remembrance Sunday. On this day, the fallen of both the First and Second World Wars are commemorated.
In the first years after the end of the First World War, every municipality in France erected a monument to fallen soldiers. In 1921, the main monument appeared - the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier under the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.

The main British monument to those who died in the First World War is the Cenotaph (Greek Cenotaph - "empty coffin") in London on Whitehall Street, a monument to the Unknown Soldier. It was built in 1919 on the first anniversary of the end of the war. On the second Sunday of every November, the Cenotaph becomes the center of the national Memorial Day. A week before, millions of Britons wear small plastic poppies on their chests, bought from a special charity fund for veterans and military widows. On Sunday at 11 am, the Queen of Great Britain, generals, ministers and bishops lay wreaths of poppies at the Cenotaph, a minute of silence lasts 2 minutes.

In March 1922, in Germany, in memory of those who died in the First World War, the All-People's Day of Mourning was established, in 1952 the date of the day of mourning was moved to November, and from that time on it became a symbol not only of those who died in the war, but of all people who died for German independence, and killed for political reasons.

CANADA
Every year on the 11th day of the 11th month at 11 o'clock in the afternoon, all of Canada stops its usual activities and falls silent for two minutes. In these two minutes of silence, Canadians pay tribute to the memory of their compatriots who gave their lives in the battles for the bright future of the nation. This tradition began in 1919, when, on the first anniversary of the end of the First World War, King George V addressed "all the peoples of the Empire" with an appeal to perpetuate the memory of those who own life defended the right to life and freedom of his fellow citizens. He expressed his desire and his hope that in order for the general unity in the expression of this feeling, at the hour when the truce came into force, the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, for two minutes “all work, all sounds and all movements should stop, so that, in a beautiful stillness of thought, everyone can concentrate on the reverent remembrance of the glorious heroes. Initially, this day was called Armistice Day, in honor of the day the First World War ended. And only in 1931, Parliament adopted an amendment to the Act establishing the date of celebration on November 11, fixing it for the holiday. modern name Remembrance Day. Every year on this day and hour, Canadians bow their heads to the heroes, men and women who served and who continue to serve their country in the midst of military conflicts. They honor the memory of those who fought for Canada on the fronts of World War I (1914-1918), World War II (1939-1945) and the Korean War (1950-1953), as well as all those who fell victim to military conflicts today . More than 1,500,000 Canadians have served their country at various times, and more than 100,000 of them have died. They gave their lives and their future so that today's Canadians can live in peace.

USA
Originally known as Armistice Day, this holiday was celebrated in honor of American veterans of the First World War. It falls on November 11, the day the war ended (1918). It is currently a public holiday in the United States Veterans Day. Today this day has become a kind of memorial day for veterans of all wars in which the United States took part. Veterans parades are held and the president lays wreaths at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Arlington National Cemetery

BELGIUM
At 11 am on November 11, 1918, the guns of the Western Front suddenly fell silent after more than 4 years of continuous war. Germany signed an armistice. As soon as the news spread, celebrations began in all the cities and towns of Belgium. Since then, Armistice Day / Wapenstilstand has been celebrated on this day. November 11 is a public holiday in Belgium. It is celebrated on the anniversary of the signing of the armistice between the Entente and Germany on November 11, 1918 and is considered the day of remembrance for all French and Belgian soldiers.

ABOUT WAR AND SOLDIERS OF THE RUSSIAN IMPERIAL ARMY:
Doctor ist. Sciences S. V. Volkov:
“In that war, Russian generals did not overwhelm the enemy, like Stalin's marshals 30 years later, with the corpses of their soldiers. The combat losses of the Russian army killed in battle (according to various estimates from 775 to 911 thousand people) corresponded to those losses of the Central Block as 1: 1 (Germany lost about 303 thousand people on the Russian front, Austria-Hungary - 451 thousand and Turkey - about 151 thousand ). Russia waged a war with much less effort than its opponents and allies... Even taking into account significant sanitary losses and those who died in captivity, the total losses were incomparably less sensitive for Russia than for other countries...
The share of those mobilized in Russia was the smallest - only 39% of all men aged 15-49 years, while in Germany - 81%, in Austria-Hungary - 74%, in France - 79%, England - 50%, Italy - 72%. At the same time, for every thousand mobilized from Russia, 115 were killed and died, while in Germany - 154, Austria - 122, France - 168, England - 125, etc., for every thousand men aged 15-49, Russia lost 45 people, Germany - 125, Austria - 90, France - 133, England - 62; finally, for every thousand of all inhabitants, Russia lost 11 people, Germany - 31, Austria - 18, France - 34, England - 16. Let's add that almost the only one of the warring countries, Russia did not experience food problems. German unthinkable composition "military bread" of the 1917 model in Russia and no one could have dreamed of.

W. Churchill:
“Humanity has never been in such a position before. Not reaching much more high level virtues, and without much wiser guidance, men for the first time have in their hands such instruments with which they can destroy the whole of mankind without fail. Such is the achievement of all their glorious history, all the glorious labors of previous generations. And people will do well if they stop and think about this new responsibility of theirs. Death is on the alert, obedient, waiting, ready to serve, ready to sweep away all peoples “en masse”, ready, if necessary, to pulverize, without any hope of rebirth, everything that remains of civilization. She's just waiting for a word of command. She is waiting for this word from the frail, frightened creature, which has long been her victim and which has now become her master for the only time.
Fate has not been so cruel to any country as to Russia. Her ship sank with the harbor in sight. She had already weathered the storm when everything collapsed. All the sacrifices have already been made, all the work is done.

The selfless impulse of the Russian armies that saved Paris in 1914; overcoming a painful, shellless retreat; slow recovery; Brusilov's victories; Russia's entry into the 1917 campaign invincible, stronger than ever. Holding the victory already in her hands, she fell to the ground, alive, like Herod of old, devoured by worms.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

IN RUSSIA, FOR CLEAR REASONS, THEIR DATE OF MEMORY OF SOLDIERS AND OFFICERS OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR IS SET - AUGUST 1, THE DAY OF ITS START.
12/18/2012, Moscow 17:39:20 The State Duma has established August 1 as the Day of Remembrance of Russian soldiers who died in the First World War.

According to the authors of the proposal, the establishment of a memorable date is justified by the need to perpetuate the memory and reflect the merits of Russian soldiers who died during the First World War. The basis for this is the day Germany declared war on Russia, as well as the 100th anniversary of the First World War in 2014.
Remember, August 1, 1914. Russia's participation in one of the largest and most bloody wars in the history of mankind, which claimed 12 million lives.
Russia's losses in the First World War amounted to more than 2 million killed and died on the fronts, more than 3 million prisoners. Losses of the civilian population exceeded 1 million people.
www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/20121218173920.shtml

Eternal memory to all those who fell in the Great War!

Commemoration of the end of the First World War. On the eleventh day of November, the world community celebrates the Day of Remembrance of those who died in the First World War. On this day in 1918, the Armistice of Compiegne was signed, which meant the surrender of Germany. The First World War, which lasted more than four years, was considered over.




Nikolai Gumilyov. And in the roar of the human crowd, In the hum of the passing guns, In the incessant call of the battle trumpet, I suddenly heard the song of my fate And ran where the people ran, Dutifully repeating: wake up, wake up. After the outbreak of World War I in early August 1914, Gumilyov volunteered for the army. It is noteworthy that, although almost all the poets of that time composed either patriotic or military poems, only two volunteers participated in the hostilities: Gumilyov and Benedikt Livshits.





First heroes. Cossack Kozma Kryuchkov. During the First World War, the name of Kozma Kryuchkov was known throughout Russia. The brave Cossack flaunted on posters and leaflets, cigarette packs and postcards. His portraits and popular prints depicting his exploits were published in newspapers and magazines. Such a loud glory of an ordinary warrior was a consequence not only of his incredible prowess. It is important that the Cossack Kryuchkov accomplished his feat just in time in the first days of the war on the German front, when patriotic feelings overwhelmed the Russian people, inspired by the idea of ​​the Second Patriotic War against Western adversaries.






Cornet Grigory Semenov. ... When the bewildered command, knowing about the strong fortifications of the enemy, sent a platoon of the Primorsky Dragoon Regiment cornet Konshin to check Semenov's reports, the two heroes who took the city were having dinner in a restaurant on the main street. Soon the whole team arrived. Semyonov was awarded the St. George weapon for this feat.


Women at war. Grand Duchess of Luxembourg Maria Adelgeyda In the hospital with the wounded on the fronts of the Great (First World) War. On the left, Russia's first female surgeon, Princess Vera Gedroits (in a hat) and her nurses (in white headscarves) Grand Duchess Tatyana, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and Anna Vyrubova. Seated Grand Duchess Olga.





Rima Ivanova. September 22, 2014 marks the 95th anniversary of the death of Sister of Mercy Rimma Ivanova. Almost a century ago, this 21-year-old girl stepped into immortality - the heroine of the Great War, as the First World War was then called ... And this step was taken by her in Belarus, more precisely, in Polesie.


With the beginning of the Great War in Stavropol, like thousands of other Russian young ladies, she graduated from the courses of sisters of mercy, after which she worked in the diocesan infirmary for wounded soldiers. On January 17, 1915, she cut her hair short and named herself male name, volunteered for the front. She served in the 83rd Samur Infantry Regiment, and when everything was revealed, she began to serve under her present. For courage in rescuing the wounded, she was awarded the St. George Cross of the 4th degree and two St. George medals. Samurians literally adored their nurse and considered her the mascot of the regiment.


The 21-year-old sister of mercy Rimma Mikhailovna Ivanova, who died on Belarusian soil, became the only woman in Russia to be awarded the Order of St. George of the 4th degree - the most honorable military award of the Russian army. "Forward, follow me!" - the girl shouted and the first rushed under the bullets. The regiment rushed into bayonets for his favorite and overturned the enemy. But in the thick of the battle, Rimma was mortally wounded by an explosive bullet in the thigh. Her last words were: "God save Russia."


Pyotr Nikolaevich Nesterov. Pyotr Nikolaevich Nesterov - Russian pilot who developed the first aerobatics figure - the "dead loop". An aircraft designer whose ideas were ahead of their time. Finally, the man who was the first in the history of aviation to use an air ram.


The world's first air ram Nesterov Nesterov's death echoed pain in the hearts of thousands of citizens Russian Empire. Even the enemies paid tribute to the fearlessness of this man. In one of the orders for the troops, the German Kaiser Wilhelm II noted: Kaiser Wilhelm II "I wish my aviators to stand at the same height of manifestation of art as the Russians do ...".

96 years ago (in 1918), on this day, the First World War ended, which claimed the lives of 10 million people from all participating countries, redrawing the political map of the world, from which four powers disappeared - Russian, German, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman. November 11 in many countries of the world is considered the Day of Remembrance of those killed in the First World War.

On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the beginning of this little-studied, half-forgotten war, our library prepared an evening-chronograph "", which caused big interest by teachers of the history of schools in the Kirov region. One of the most interesting parts of this evening, according to the audience, was the electronic presentation "Faces of the First World War", accompanied by a story about each photo included in the presentation. We invite you to look at some of the heroes of the "Great War" and find out their history.


The First World War was called the Second World War in the newspapers of that period. Patriotic War. As in 1812, all of Russia rose up to fight the enemy. People rushed to the front different ages, different classes - from children to adults, from persons of imperial blood to ordinary peasants. I would like to say a few words about some of the heroes of that long-standing and little-known war.

Oleg Konstantinovich Romanov (1892-1914). Prince of imperial blood, writer, military man. He was brought up in strictness, as a child he ran barefoot, with peasant children he went for mushrooms. He was first educated at home, then studied at cadet corps in Polotsk, then in the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. He acutely felt responsibility to Russia, believed that a high birth should be worked out, benefiting society. He served in the Life Guards Hussar Regiment. He loved music very much. He was a sick person. In the summer of 1914 he traveled to Italy to improve his health. Anticipating the beginning of the war, he returned to Russia ahead of schedule and appeared in the regiment, where he was sent to headquarters to keep a regimental diary. He was glad to be sent to the front, he wrote about it in his diary:

“We, all five brothers, go to war with our regiments. I like it terribly, because it shows that in difficult times royal family keeps himself up to date."

On September 27, 1914, near Vladislavov, he begged the regiment commander to let him pursue the enemy with a squadron. Personally killed five Germans. The enemy fled, Prince Oleg turned to his comrades with a joyful smile. A shot rang out - one of the wounded Germans shot. The wound turned out to be dangerous, and on September 29 Oleg Romanov died of blood poisoning. Awarded the Order of St. George IV degree.

It was the only one of the Romanovs who died in the First World War, although the whole dynasty participated in it - on the fronts or in hospitals. In addition to the brothers of Oleg Konstantinovich Romanov, military uniform put on uncle Nicholas II – Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich (Commander-in-Chief of the Russian troops at the first stage of the war), Nikolai himself II (commanded troops in the second stage of the war) and some other members of the royal family. Women served in hospitals as nurses or operating room nurses.

NicholasII. Historians associate the military defeats of Russia with the name of this man. Or rather, with a great influence on him Grigory Rasputin. Rasputin successfully treated Tsarevich Alexei for hemophilia, so he had great authority with the Tsar and Tsaritsa. If Rasputin was engaged only in the treatment of a child, many troubles might not have happened. Unfortunately, he was engaged in predictions and, on his recommendation, the king continually postponed a carefully prepared offensive, trusting the word of a psychic more than the experience of military leaders. As a result, Russia suffered defeat after defeat. It is now difficult to say whether Rasputin was really to blame for all the troubles, but, the glory of a bad commander was assigned to Nikolai II firmly.

But the main role, of course, was not played by the generals. The entire burden of the war fell on the backs of ordinary people. Some of them (as, for example, about the Cossack Kuzma Firsovich Kryuchkov) were written in newspapers, ditties were invented with their participation. A few lines remain about others. Others perished nameless.

Kira Alexandrovna Bashkirova. An article appeared in a newspaper during the First World War that said: “A student of the IV class of the Vilna Mariinsky high school Kira Alexandrovna Bashkirova on December 8 last year, under the name of Nikolai Popov, enrolled as a volunteer in one of the rifle regiments. By chance, no documents were required from the volunteer, and therefore Bashkirova managed to get into the service as a volunteer shooter. During night reconnaissance on enemy soil on December 20, the imaginary Popov showed so much courage that he was awarded the order St. George 4th degree. The brave girl was exposed and ordered to go home. But she tricked herself into another unit and continued to fight, was wounded, recovered and returned to the front again. Fate was merciful to Kira Alexandrovna - she lived to a ripe old age. During the Great Patriotic War, she worked in a hospital in Murmansk, received medals for the defense of the Arctic.

About beauty Antonina Tikhonovna Palshina it is only known that she was awarded two Orders of St. George. Perhaps, just like Kira Bashkirova, this girl fought under a false name, so it is now difficult to establish why she was awarded such high awards.

The boys fled to the front in droves. And they fought, sometimes, better than the older generation. It is known that among these children of the war was the playwright Vsevolod Vishnevsky, who later reflected the period of the First World War in the play Captured by Time. Unfortunately, there is very little information about the little heroes. Newspapers printed their portraits and wrote about their exploits, but very sparingly.

Ivan Kazakov. 15-year-old Cossack of the Ust-Medveditskaya village of the Lower Tsabitinsky farm. He recaptured a machine gun from the Germans, saved Ensign Yunitskiy. Fought in East Prussia. During a successful reconnaissance, he discovered a German battery, which ours later took. He was awarded the St. George Crosses 2, 3 and 4 degrees, received the rank of non-commissioned officer.

On the next photo two little Cossacks- 12 and 15 years old. Unfortunately, the boys are not called by name, reporting only that the youngest was awarded the St. George Cross for successful reconnaissance.

Among the participants in the First World War there were also such people who later fought with glory both in the Civil War and in the Great Patriotic War - for example, our fellow countryman from the village of Berezovskaya,. Full St. George Cavalier. He received the Order of the 1st degree for capturing an enemy battery with a group of comrades. He received the Order of the 2nd degree for the fact that near Przemysl he single-handedly captured 52 Austrian soldiers and officers. Order of the 3rd degree - for the battle, during which he defeated the enemy unit with a group of Cossacks and took 600 prisoners. Order of the 4th degree - for having beaten off an attack by a company of Austrians, he took a trophy - a machine gun.

During the Civil War, he was awarded red revolutionary trousers and presented to the Order of the Red Banner, during the Great Patriotic War - the Star of the Hero. Lived a long life.

The theme of the First World War is multifaceted. You can talk for a long time about each of its battles, raise issues of weapons, supplying troops, consider in detail the methods and techniques of propaganda, study the life of the Russian population and the maintenance of our and German prisoners of war ... To make the task easier for those who want to learn more about the First World War and its heroes, we We bring to your attention a list of references from the collections of our library:

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Monument to the heroes of the First World War in Moscow (Photo: kremlin.ru)

November 11 in many countries is the Day of Remembrance for those who died in the First World War, which is considered one of the largest armed conflicts in the history of mankind (July 28, 1914 - November 11, 1918). As a result of this war, four empires ceased to exist: Russian, German, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman. On November 11, 1918, the Armistice of Compiègne, which meant the surrender of Germany, ended the First World War, which lasted four years and three months. Almost 10 million people died in its fire, about 22 million were injured. Humanity has never known such losses before. No less significant outcome of the war was a radical redrawing of the political map of the world. Germany was forced to unilaterally demobilize its army, hand over its aircraft and navy to the victors, give up its colonies, as well as Alsace-Lorraine, Polish provinces and a number of other territories, and pledged to pay gigantic reparations to compensate for the damage from the war. Its allies, Austria-Hungary and Türkiye, were dismembered. Bulgaria survived as a state, but suffered significant territorial losses. In the fire of the First World War, the last continental empires in Europe - German, Austro-Hungarian and Russian - perished. In Asia, the Ottoman Empire collapsed. Today, states celebrate the date of November 11: Russia - as Memorial Day, the United States - as Veterans Day, Canada - as Memorial Day, Belgium - as Armistice Day. The end of the First World War was approved by the signing of an armistice between the participants in the First World War (the Entente countries and Germany) on November 11, 1918. The signing took place in the railway car of Marshal Ferdinand Foch in the Compiègne forest (in the French region of Picardy near the city of Compiègne). The English Admiral Rosslyn Wimyss and the commander of the Entente, Marshal Foch, received a German delegation led by Major General Detlef von Winterfeldt. At 5:10 am the agreement was signed. The truce went into effect at 11 am. 101 volleys were fired - the last volleys of the First World War. This war began on July 28, 1914 and lasted for more than four years. It claimed the lives of almost 10 million people. The armies of 38 states were involved in it. It put an end to old Europe: four empires (Russian, German, Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian) ceased to exist. But even in the victorious countries, the war gave rise to the “lost generation”, which realized the senselessness of this hitherto unprecedented massacre. In many European countries, this day is still one of the main national holidays. It is called differently: in Great Britain and Russia it is Remembrance Day, in France and Belgium it is Armistice Day, in Canada it is Remembrance Day. But in all these countries it is celebrated without fail with all the appropriate celebrations and honoring the heroes of that great war. In honor of the end of the First World War, the International Day of Remembrance of those who died in this war is also celebrated. Russia is recovering from historical forgetfulness, in Russia will celebrate the Day of Remembrance of Russian soldiers who died in the First World War of 1914-1918. In our historical memory (and so much warped) there is a big gap called the First World War. Not everyone remembers the role played by Russia in those years. As in 1914, advancing in East Prussia, she contributed to the salvation of the Entente from defeat and the disruption of the German plan for a blitzkrieg. As twice - in 1914 and 1916. - inflicted severe defeats on Austria-Hungary. How successfully she acted against Turkey, having managed to save many thousands of Armenians from the genocide. We have not preserved the memory of either the great deeds, or the heroes of those years, or the great sacrifices of the Russian people. The list of memorable dates in Russia was supplemented with the date of August 1 in accordance with federal law, which was adopted by the State Duma on December 18, 2012 and approved by the Federation Council on December 26, 2012. Few people know that on the territory of the modern Kaliningrad region (former East Prussia) there are approximately 66 monuments and 70 mass graves from the First World War. Before 1945 there were many more of them. Many "died" under the shells of the Great Patriotic War, even more - during the years of Soviet power, therefore, the regional authorities were engaged in preparing for the anniversary date in the Kaliningrad region - the only subject of the Russian Federation that has traces of bloody battles of the Russian army on its territory. If in 1990-2000. the surviving graves were put in order by the forces of enthusiasts, public organizations from Russia and Germany, and only sometimes - with the support of local authorities, then on the eve of the upcoming anniversary, the situation has changed. In March 2012, a Working Group was established under the Governor of the Kaliningrad Region to perpetuate the memory of the First World War. Members of the public focused on holding celebrations in honor of the victory in the Battle of Gumbinnen on August 20, 1914. Exhausted by the offensive, the 1st Russian Army defeated the enemy, superior in strength, thanks to the skill of Russian officers and the heroism of soldiers along the entire front. This victory, combined with other successes in East Prussia, forced the Germans to switch from western front two corps, which eased the pressure on the allies and contributed to their victory at the Marne (September 1914), which put an end to the German blitzkrieg, and with it, the hopes for an early victory. Recently, Russian President Vladimir Putin, when speaking about the preservation of the Russian necropolis in Serbia, said that the heroes of the First World War should not be forgotten, at the same time, the last tribute to those who died on the fronts of the First World War, honestly fulfilling their duty, has yet to be paid. In East Prussia, a total of 32,540 Russian soldiers and officers were buried, about half of them were buried on the territory of the Kaliningrad region. The available documents, which are freely available in the Moscow archives, make it possible to roughly establish in which mass grave this or that soldier was buried. Unfortunately, it was only possible to install memorial plaques with the names of the dead Russian soldiers and officers at the burial place in the village. Hollow. Now on the site of the Internet project "Heroes of the First World War" (hero1914.com) there are some lists of those killed in battles in East Prussia in August - December 1914. Let's hope that in the near future there will be even fewer nameless graves. K. Pakhalyuk, hero1914.com.

Losses of the main warring countries (% of deaths of the population in descending order):
1. Ottoman Empire(population - 21,373,900; soldiers killed - 804,000; civilians - 2,150,000 - including 1,500,000 victims of the Armenian genocide; all losses - 10% of the population)
2. France (39,700,000; 1,293,464; 300,000; 4 % )
3. German Empire (67,790,000; 2,036,897; 425,000; 3,6 % )
4. Austria-Hungary (52,749,900; 1,101,000; 300,000; 2,7 % )
5. Russian Empire (175,137,800; 1,811,000; 1,500,000; 1,9 % )
6. UK (46,037,900; 702,410; 109,000; 1,8 % )
7. Italy (35,597,800; 578,000; 589,000; 0,3 % )
8. USA (99,111,000; 116,708; 757; 0,1 % ) (Source: Wikipedia)
These data may not be entirely accurate. In particular, an accurate calculation of Russian losses was made by the famous military historian N. Golovin: in the First World War, Russia lost about 1.3 million people killed and died from wounds(Golovin N.N. Military efforts of Russia in the World War. Paris, 1939. T. I. C. 150). Big Soviet Encyclopedia greatly overestimates the figure of our losses, apparently wanting to smooth out the contrast with the losses in the unleashed by the Bolsheviks civil war- about 15 million people; the Bolsheviks tried to attribute some of their victims (for 1918) to the First World War, perhaps this is also reflected in the Wikipedia numbers ...
... The victory of the Jewish-Masonic Union in Western Europe was clear and impressive. The results of the First World War provoked by Freemasons spoke for themselves: the fall of three conservative European monarchies (in the eyes of the allies, the monarchical “Russia fell into the category of defeated countries”, as “the World War ... had a democratic ideology” (Struve P. Reflections on the Russian Revolution Sophia, 1921, pp. 9-10), - P. B. Struve allowed himself to remark); the coming to power of governments of Masonic orientation in the states that arose on the site of Austria-Hungary and in the breakaway parts of the former Russian Empire; the proclamation of a "Jewish national home" in Palestine. And the winners themselves did not hide their triumph at the final Paris (Versailles) conference of 1919-1920, held under the leadership of Masons and Jewish organizations. About this conference, it is worth quoting a few quotations from Jewish encyclopedias. Here, for example, are the organizers and participants of this conference from the United States: member of the Supreme Court L. Brandeis (who is also the president of the World Zionist Organization) was the chairman of the American Commission "to collect materials for peace negotiations" (Encyclopaedia Judaica. Berlin. 1929. Band 4 S. 1010). Another encyclopedia credits "the American Jewish Congress for drafting proposals for the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. American Jewish Committee members J. Mack, L. Marshall, and S. Adler attended the conference, and due in large part to their activities and connections, rights were granted to Jews," they wanted. B. Baruch, chairman of the US War Industry Committee, was at first "actually responsible for the mobilization of the American military economy", and then "worked in the Supreme Economic Council of the Versailles Conference and was the personal economic adviser to President Wilson" (Brief Jewish Encyclopedia. Jerusalem. 1976. T 1, pp. 108, 301). During the war, Schiff's banking group provided loans to both the Entente and Germany, and the Warburg brothers divided spheres of influence, and while Paul "had a decisive influence on the development of American finance during the world war," Max provided services to Germany and then participated in the Paris conferences on the German side "as a specialist in reparations" (Jüdisches Lexikon. Berlin. 1930. Band IV/2. S. 1331, 1329). There was also a brother Felix - he, being " central figure of the German-Jewish elite that dominated the Jewish community in the United States in the first decades of the twentieth century”, during the war he was a co-owner of the same Hamburg bank. The fourth of the Warburgs, Fritz carried out during the war the political assignments of the German authorities to infiltrate the environment of Russian liberals (Concise Jewish Encyclopedia. T. 1. C. 606; Jüdisches Lexikon. Berlin. 1930. Band IV / 2. S. 1331, 1329; Katkov G. February Revolution . Paris. 1984. S. 86, 108). Let us also note that already on the eve of the World War, not least thanks to the Warburgs and Schiff, the financial dominance of the "world behind the scenes" rose to a qualitatively new level. In 1913 Jewish bankers put pressure on the President of the United States and created the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve System). The Fed corresponds to the concept of the Central Bank and has the right to print the dollar, but is a system of private banks and does not depend on the US government in its decisions (see: Sutton A. Federal Reserve Conspiracy. Boring, Oregon. 1995; Griffin, Edward. The Creature from Jekyll Island, Appleton, Wisc. 1994; Epperson R. The Invisible Hand, St. Petersburg 1996). Moreover: the Fed, creating money “out of nothing”, lends it to the US government, making it dependent on itself. And after, during the First World War, American banks credited all the warring countries, making everyone their debtors, their currencies were pegged to the dollar (Zvorykin N. On the revival of Russia. Paris. 1929. Ch. 6). [Obvious and Masonic symbolism on the one dollar bill: Novus ordo seclorum — New order for the ages.] Since then, the Fed's evenly cut green papers, not backed by real values, have become the world's main equivalent of material goods. That is, the Fed, controlled by no one, has extended its economic power to all countries. This was the financial goal of the "world behind the scenes" in the world war. One of the main achievements of this conference was the League of Nations, which "was, in essence, a Masonic creation, and the French Mason Leon Bourgeois became its first president" (Mariel P. Les Francs-Maçons en France. Paris. 1969. P. 204); Pride for this "creation" is imbued with many Masonic sources. Of this first attempt at a world government, the German-language Jewish Encyclopedia says: views of the Jews ... Apart from special issues ... there are two areas in which the fate of the Jews is formally linked with the League of Nations: the creation of a Jewish national home in Palestine and the provision of the rights of minorities ”(Jüdisches Lexikon. Berlin. 1930. Band IV / 2. S 1225; Band I. S. 1137). Moreover, the Jewish “national home” in Palestine was first proclaimed in the Balfour Declaration (British Foreign Secretary, Freemason), with the “direct participation in its preparation” of the aforementioned member of the US Supreme Court L. Brandeis - this happened in 1917, in the same week as the October Revolution in Russia... Of course, the League of Nations was conceived only as a representative body for the propaganda of mondialism (the unification of the world). The real world government felt itself behind the scenes - the financial oligarchy and the highest freemasonry - who began to create their own political structures of a closed type; for example, in England into such a structure (“ Round table”) even before the war included Milner, Balfour, Rothschilds; in 1921, a broader “Council international relations". All this taken together - including random coincidences - could not fail to impress. In the 1920s, the theme of the “world Jewish-Masonic conspiracy” became extremely popular, allegedly purposefully acting both in the West and in Soviet Russia. The Protocols of the Elders of Zion came out in many languages ​​(even Arabic and Chinese); in England they were published by a reputable publishing house and discussed in the English Parliament. The troubled The Times (whose owner, Lord Northcliffe, was a great friend of the Jews), comparing the "prophetic predictions" of the Protocols with what is happening in Russia, wrote that the Bolshevik leaders are "in a large percentage of Jews, whose mode of action corresponds to the principles of the Protocols "". From "this eerie resemblance to the events unfolding before our eyes", "one cannot simply brush aside". The assertion that the "Protocols" were fabricated by Russian reactionaries "does not affect the very essence of the Protocols"; “an objective investigation is necessary”, otherwise “it feeds indiscriminate anti-Semitism” (The Times. London. 1920. 8.V.P. 15.) ... Only against this background can one understand the subsequent tragic development in defeated and humiliated Germany: it was a reaction - convulsive, blind, evil, crossed out their own spiritual values ​​- the reaction of the extreme right forces to the victory of their opponents in the First World War ... And only at the cost of another world war, Freemasonry in Europe managed to establish itself completely, and Jewry - to create its own state ...© Calend.ru/M.Nazarov, rusidea.org
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November 11 is the Day of Remembrance for those who died in the First World War.
This war is considered one of the largest armed conflicts in the history of mankind (July 28, 1914 - November 11, 1918). As a result of World War I, four empires ceased to exist: Russian, German, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman.

On November 11, 1918, the Armistice of Compiègne, which meant the surrender of Germany, ended the First World War, which lasted four years and three months.

A preliminary truce was concluded at the Palace of Versailles, as well as the Treaty of Versailles, which the defeated German Empire was forced to sign.

Some historians believe that it was this shame, huge indemnity payments and the admission of sole guilt that hit the German pride hard and helped Hitler come to power. Who, having captured France, recouped again ...

During the Second World War, Adolf Hitler came up with the idea to sign the surrender of France in the very place and in the same wagon in which in 1918 Germany signed the Armistice of Compiègne. To do this, the Nazis removed the car from the museum memorial complex.

They transported him to a historical place, put him on a commemorative plate, and only there they accepted the French capitulation.

It was the unresolved contradictions of the First World War that led to the Second. But it's time to return to World War 1.

Almost 10 million people died in its fire, about 22 million were injured. Humanity has never known such losses before. No less significant outcome of the war was a radical redrawing of the political map of the world. Germany was forced to unilaterally demobilize its army, hand over its aircraft and navy to the victors, give up its colonies, as well as Alsace-Lorraine, Polish provinces and a number of other territories, and pledged to pay gigantic reparations to compensate for the damage from the war.

Its allies, Austria-Hungary and Türkiye, were dismembered. Bulgaria (which fought against Russia) survived as a state, but suffered significant territorial losses.

In the fire of the First World War, the last continental empires in Europe - German, Austro-Hungarian and Russian - perished. In Asia, the Ottoman Empire collapsed.

Today, many states celebrate November 11 as Remembrance or Remembrance Day, Veterans Day or Armistice Day.