Hitler managed to create a fairly large allied bloc. Two Axis countries played a key role in this bloc:
- Italy;
- Japan.
The other allies of Germany, although they joined the bloc, had less great importance. These secondary members of the "axis" include:
- Bulgaria
- Hungary;
- Romania;
- Thailand.
In addition, on the side of the "axis" were several states that had their own accounts with individual powers of the anti-Hitler coalition. These include: Finland, which fought with the USSR; Iraq, which tried to oppose the British; Iran, which also made an attempt to confront the UK and the USSR.
A separate category of German allies were collaborationist governments that arose in some European states. As a rule, the population of these countries created resistance movements and led an active partisan struggle against the Nazis, while the political elite was moving closer to the Third Reich. These governments included:
- the French Vichy government that existed from 1942 to 1944;
- Vidkun Quisling's regime in Norway 1942-1945;
- Hellenistic Politia in Greece, active 1941-1944;
- Regime of Milan Nedic in Serbia 1941-1944;
- The Reichskommissariat of the Netherlands, which existed as an administrative-territorial unit of the Third Reich from 1940 to 1945.
Also on the side of Germany were Croatia and Slovakia, dependent on it, where, under the auspices of Berlin, house guards were created - military-police structures engaged in agitation and the fight against partisans. Another ally of Hitler was actually Spain, where the fascist regime of General Franco was established. Formally, Spain adhered to neutrality in the war, but detachments of Spanish volunteers fought in the German army.
Also, separate detachments formed from Latvians, Swedes, Estonians, etc. took part in the battles with the USSR and its allies.
Involvement of the German Allies in World War II
Italy and Japan took part in the hostilities in the territories within the sphere of their political interests. Italy - mainly in the Mediterranean region (North Africa, Greece, Yugoslavia), and Japan - in the Pacific. Japan's actions in the war with China and the United States were quite successful, but Hitler counted, first of all, on Japan's help in the fight against the Soviet Union, which he did not wait for. The Italian army turned out to be quite mediocre. The Italian fighters who came to the territory of the USSR showed themselves to be one of the weakest parts of the allied forces.
Among other German allies, the most efficient and disciplined army was possessed by the Finns, who considered the new clash with the USSR a continuation of the Winter War of 1939-1940. They participated in the blockade of Leningrad, were active in the Arctic, occupied most of Karelia, the Vologda and Leningrad regions.
The Germans used the Hungarian and Romanian units mainly on the southern segment of the Soviet-German front. The most combat-ready Romanian units even reached Stalingrad.
The Bulgarians operated on the territory of Greece and Yugoslavia. It is noteworthy that the Kingdom of Bulgaria was the only country that categorically refused to fight with the Soviet Union.
Slovaks practically did not participate in battles with members of the anti-Hitler coalition, individual Slovak units sent to the front did not differ in particular combat capability. Therefore, they were used mainly for the protection of communications. But the Croats showed themselves as talented pilots. In addition, the Croatian divisions inflicted serious damage on the Red Army when it reached Croatia in 1944.
The detachments of Spanish volunteers turned out to be surprisingly combat-ready. What they lacked in discipline they more than made up for in courage and the ability to make quick decisions. In 1941-1943, the Spanish Blue Division operated on the territory of the Leningrad and Novgorod regions. Unlike the Germans and Finns, the Spaniards treated the civilian population living in the occupied territories quite humanely.
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World War II was not only the worst event in human history, but also one of the biggest geopolitical confrontations. Many countries became participants in this terrible military conflict. Of course, the war did not start out of nowhere, and all the countries that took part in it wanted to achieve some of their goals. Some states wanted to expand their influence in any territory, others planned to derive certain economic benefits, many sought to expand the territory. But the main desire of most states throughout the war remained the protection of already existing borders and their population.
The aspirations of many countries coincided, and in order to achieve the goals that were set for the leaders of states, many governments began to unite in military-political alliances, or, to be more precise, in a coalition. At the beginning of the Second World War, history already knew examples of such alliances, for example, the Entente, which included Great Britain, France and Russia during the First World War, as well as the Triple Alliance, which included Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary.
As mentioned above, each country pursued its own goals, and those whose aspirations coincided formed coalitions. But history has also preserved such cases when such blocs included states whose desires and views on the world order were antagonistic. Who were the main and secondary participants in the Second World War? In this article, your attention is presented with a list of all states that have taken some part in one or another side of the conflict.
Countries belonging to the Axis group
To begin with, it is worth considering those countries that are officially recognized in the world community as the instigators of hostilities, that is, aggressors. Their conventional designation is “Axis”.
States of the Tripartite Pact
The most prominent representatives of the states that were part of the "Axis" are the countries that concluded the Berlin or Tripartite Pact in September 1940.
Germany was the most important and most powerful state in this union. She acted as the main linking element of the coalition. This country brought the greatest damage to humanity in the war against the anti-Hitler campaign. The state unleashed hostilities in 1939.
Germany was assisted in taking over the world by Italy as the strongest ally in Europe. She joined the war in the 40th year of the twentieth century.
Japan was the third signatory to the Berlin Pact. Her plans included the acquisition of complete dominance in the Asian region. Pacific Ocean. Her entry into the war dates back to 1941.
Minor members of the "Axis"
Serbia, Vietnam, Croatia and Cambodia are traditionally attributed to the participants in the Axis, who played a secondary role. These countries also took part in hostilities. Although they were not considered the main aggressors.
Anti-Hitler Union
This coalition is a list of countries that fought on the battlefield against the states that are part of the "Axis". The formation of this bloc of allied countries took place throughout the Second World War. In this military conflict, it was this bloc that won. You can see the list of participants in World War II below:
- THE USSR;
- Canada;
- Union of South Africa;
- Netherlands;
- Nicaragua;
- Costa Rica;
- Great Britain;
- British Indian Empire;
- Panama;
- Australia;
- China;
- Luxembourg;
- Salvador;
- New Zealand;
- Guatemala;
- Honduras;
- Cuba;
- Haiti;
- Dominican Republic;
- Belgium;
- Greece;
- Czechoslovakia;
- emigrant governments of Norway;
- Poland;
- Yugoslavia.
people against fascism
We have also prepared for you a list of people who participated in the Second World War. These individuals can be called real heroes without hesitation. This passage contains the most famous representatives of that war period.
- In February 1930, Valya Kotik, one of the youngest Heroes of the USSR, was born. His main activity is partisanship.
- Petya Klyp - a brave scout, participated in the defense of the Brest Fortress.
- The brightest representative partisan movement of that time - Victor Chakmak. This young man defended his homeland, despite heart disease.
- Ivan Razin is a brave pilot, who accounted for more than a hundred sorties and blown up tanks of participants in the Second World War.
- Amireli Saidbekov died in Poland under the onslaught of fascist troops.
And if you have a relative or acquaintance who also participated in this military conflict, but you do not know his name and patronymic, then now there is the possibility of searching by the names of the participants in the Second World War. Many websites have been created for this.
conclusions
It is impossible to overestimate the importance and tragedy of such an event as the Second World War. For the entire period of hostilities, 62 states took part in them. Such a number of countries is amazing, if you keep in mind. At that time, there were only 72 countries that had sovereignty. In general, there was not a single power that was not touched by the horrors of this war. And today's younger generation must always remember the mistakes made by our ancestors, so that our grandchildren already live under a peaceful sky above their heads.
Very often Great Patriotic war called only an episode of the Second World War, while noting that this episode is appropriate to call the Soviet-German war. That is, the war between the Third Reich and the USSR. But who was the Soviet Union really at war with? And was it a one-on-one battle?
When liberals and other entertaining historians start shouting about senseless losses, “filled up with meat” and “drank Bavarian”, they usually like to confirm their theses about the “mediocrity and criminality” of the Soviet leadership and command by comparing the Wehrmacht and the Red Army. Like, the Red Army had more people, and all the time they were smashed, and there were more tanks, and planes and other pieces of iron-machines, and the Germans burned everything. At the same time, without forgetting, however, to tell about one “rifle for three”, “shovel handles” and the rest of the crap from the category of “Solzhenitsyn's fairy tales”.
Both of these are not true. About the rifle "for three". Everything was exactly the opposite. In total, about 10 million Mosin rifles were produced from 1891 to 1918. It is difficult to say how many of them were produced from 1918 to 1924, but production does not stop. By 1941, there were at least 12-15 million rifles in the arsenals of the Red Army. With the strength of the Red Army on June 22, 1941, about 5.5 million people. Add here more than a million SVT automatic rifles, at least half a million PPSh assault rifles, a large number of easel and light machine guns. It immediately becomes clear: there was something, but there were enough small arms in the Red Army.
But the second myth is much more interesting. About the overwhelming superiority of the Red Army over the Wehrmacht in the number of literally everything. So maybe the liberal historians are right, and we fought mediocre? Let's look at the numbers.
By June 1941, on the border with the USSR, the Wehrmacht had 127 divisions, two brigades and one regiment in three army groups and the Army of Norway. These troops numbered 2 million 812 thousand people, 37099 guns and mortars, 3865 tanks and assault guns.
Let us note that a larger number of divisions, with proper organization, gives a noticeable advantage with an equal number of troops, and this is essential. But Germany's strength was not exhausted by this, and the liberals "forget" to mention this.
Together with Germany, Finland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Italy were preparing to enter the war with the USSR.
Finland - 17.5 divisions with a total number of 340 thousand 600 people, 2047 guns, 86 tanks and 307 aircraft;
Slovakia - 2.5 divisions with a total number of 42 thousand 500 people, 246 guns, 35 tanks and 51 aircraft;
Hungary - 2.5 divisions with a total number of 44 thousand 500 people, 200 guns, 160 tanks and 100 aircraft;
Romania - 17.5 divisions with a total number of 358 thousand 100 people, 3255 guns, 60 tanks and 423 aircraft;
Italy - 3 divisions with a total number of 61 thousand 900 people, 925 guns, 61 tanks and 83 aircraft.
That is, almost a million people in 42.5 divisions, with 7,000 guns, 402 tanks, and almost a thousand aircraft. A simple calculation shows that only Eastern Front the allies of the Nazi axis, or it would be more correct to call them that, had 166 divisions, numbering 4 million 307 thousand people with 42601 pieces of artillery of various systems, as well as 4171 tanks and assault guns and 4846 aircraft.
So: 2 million 812 thousand only in the Wehrmacht and 4 million 307 thousand in total, taking into account the forces of the allies. One and a half times more. The picture is changing dramatically. Is not it?
Yes, military Soviet Union by the summer of 1941, when the inevitability of war became obvious, they were the largest army in the world. There was actually covert mobilization. By the beginning of the war, the Soviet armed forces numbered 5,774,000 soldiers. Specifically in ground forces there were 303 divisions, 16 airborne and 3 rifle brigades. The troops had 117,581 artillery systems, 25,784 tanks and 24,488 aircraft.
It seems to be superior? However, all of the above forces of Germany and its allies were deployed in a direct 100 km zone along the Soviet borders. While in the western districts, the Red Army had a group of 3 million people, 57 thousand guns and mortars and 14 thousand tanks, of which only 11 thousand were serviceable, as well as about 9 thousand aircraft, of which only 7.5 thousand were serviceable.
Moreover, in the immediate vicinity of the border, the Red Army had no more than 40% of this number in a more or less combat-ready state.
From the above, if you are not tired of the numbers, it clearly follows that the USSR fought not only Germany. Just like in 1812, not only France. That is, there can be no talk of any “filled up with meat”.
And so it went on for almost the entire war, until the second half of 1944, when the allies of the Third Reich fell like a house of cards.
Add here, in addition to the direct allied countries, the foreign parts of the Wehrmacht, the so-called "national SS divisions", a total of 22 volunteer divisions. During the war, 522,000 volunteers from other countries served in them, including 185,000 Volksdeutsche, that is, “foreign Germans”. The total number of foreign volunteers was 57% (!) of the Waffen-SS. Let's list them. If this tires you, then just estimate the number of lines and geography. The whole of Europe is represented, with the exception of the principalities of Luxembourg and Monaco, and that is not a fact.
Albania: 21st SS mountain division "Skanderbeg" (1st Albanian);
Belgium: 27th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "Langemarck" (1st Flemish), 28th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Wallonia" (1st Walloon), Flemish SS Legion;
Bulgaria: Bulgarian anti-tank brigade of the SS troops (1st Bulgarian);
Great Britain: Arab Legion "Free Arabia", British Volunteer Corps, Indian Volunteer Legion SS "Free India";
Hungary: 17th SS Corps, 25th SS Grenadier Division Hunyadi (1st Hungarian), 26th SS Grenadier Division (2nd Hungarian), 33rd SS Cavalry Division (3rd Hungarian);
Denmark: 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland, 34th Volunteer Grenadier Division Landstorm Nederland (2nd Dutch), Free Corps SS Danmark (1st Danish), Volunteer Corps SS Schalburg »;
Italy: 29th SS Grenadier Division "Italia" (1st Italian);
Netherlands: 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Nordland", 23rd SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Nederland" (1st Dutch), 34th Volunteer Grenadier Division "Landstorm Nederland" (2nd Dutch), Flemish Legion SS;
Norway: Norwegian SS Legion, Norwegian SS Ski Jaeger Battalion, Norwegian SS Legion, 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Nordland";
Poland: Goral SS Volunteer Legion;
Romania: 103rd SS Tank Destroyer Regiment (1st Romanian), Grenadier Regiment of the SS Troops (2nd Romanian);
Serbia: Serbian SS Volunteer Corps;
Latvia: Latvian Legionnaires, Latvian SS Volunteer Legion, 6th SS Corps, 15th SS Grenadier Division (1st Latvian), 19th SS Grenadier Division (2nd Latvian);
Estonia: 20th SS Grenadier Division (1st Estonian);
Finland: Finnish SS Volunteers, Finnish SS Volunteer Battalion, 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Nordland";
France: French SS Legionnaires, 28th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Wallonia" (1st Walloon), 33rd SS Grenadier Division "Charlemagne" (1st French), Legion "Bezen Perrot" (recruited from Breton nationalists);
Croatia: 9th SS Mountain Corps, 13th SS Mountain Division "Handzhar" (1st Croatian). 23rd SS mountain division "Kama" (2nd Croatian);
Czechoslovakia: Goral SS Volunteer Legion
Galicia: 14th SS Grenadier Division "Galicia" (1st Ukrainian).
Separately:
Scandinavian 5th SS Panzer Division "Viking" - the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Norway;
Balkan 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division "Prince Eugen" - Hungary, Romania, Serbia.
24th mountain rifle (cave) division of the SS "Karstjäger" - Czechoslovakia, Serbia, Galicia, Italy;
The Second World War was not only the most terrible tragedy in the history of mankind, but also the largest geopolitical conflict throughout the development of civilization. Dozens of countries were involved in this bloody confrontation, each of which pursued its own goals: influence, economic gain, protection of its own borders and population.
To achieve their goals, the participants in the Second World War were forced to unite in coalitions. Allied groupings included countries whose interests and goals were most closely intertwined. But sometimes, in order to solve a higher task, even countries that saw the post-war structure of the world in completely different ways united in such blocs.
Who were the main and secondary participants in the Second World War? The list of countries that officially acted as a party to the conflict is presented below.
Axis countries
First of all, let's consider the states that are considered to be the direct aggressors that unleashed the Second World War. They are conditionally called the "Axis" countries.
Tripartite Pact countries
The countries of the Tripartite or Berlin Pact were participants in World War II, who played a leading role among the Axis states. They concluded an alliance treaty between themselves on September 27, 1940 in Berlin, directed against their rivals and defining the post-war division of the world in case of victory.
Germany- the most powerful militarily and economically state of the Axis countries, which acted as the main binding force of this association. It carried the greatest threat and caused the heaviest damage to the troops of the anti-Hitler coalition. She is in 1939.
Italy Germany's strongest ally in Europe. unleashed fighting in 1940.
Japan third member of the Tripartite Pact. She claimed exclusive influence in the Asia-Pacific region, within which she fought. Entered the war in 1941.
Minor members of the "Axis"
The secondary members of the Axis include participants in the Second World War from among the allies of Germany, Japan and Italy, who did not play primary roles on the battlefields, but nevertheless took part in the hostilities on the side of the Nazi bloc or declared war on the countries of the Anti-Hitler coalition. They belong to:
- Hungary;
- Bulgaria;
- Romania;
- Slovakia;
- Kingdom of Thailand;
- Finland;
- Iraq;
- Republic of San Marino.
States ruled by collaborationist governments
This category of countries includes states occupied during the hostilities by Germany or its allies, in which governments loyal to the Axis bloc were established. It was the Second World War that brought these forces to power. The participants in the Tripartite Pact, therefore, wanted to position themselves in these countries as liberators, not conquerors. These countries include:
Anti-Hitler coalition
The symbol "Anti-Hitler Coalition" is understood as an association of countries that opposed the Axis states. The formation of this allied bloc took place over almost the entire period during which World War II was going on. The participating countries were able to withstand the fight against Nazism and win.
big three
The Big Three are participants in the Second World War from among the countries of the Anti-Hitler Coalition, which made the greatest contribution to the victory over Germany and other Axis states. Possessing the highest military potential, they managed to turn the tide of hostilities, which initially developed not in their favor. First of all, thanks to these countries, World War II ended in triumph over Nazism. The participants in the battles from among the other states of the Anti-Hitler coalition, of course, also deserved the gratitude of all the free peoples of the world for getting rid of the "brown plague", but without the coordinated actions of these three powers, victory would have been impossible.
Great Britain- the state that was the first to enter into open confrontation with Nazi Germany in 1939 after the latter's attack on Poland. Throughout the war created the greatest problems for Western Europe.
USSR- the state that suffered the greatest human losses during the Second World War. According to some estimates, they exceeded 27 million people. It was at the cost of blood and the incredible efforts of the Soviet people that it was possible to stop the victorious march of the Reich divisions and reverse the flywheel of the war. The USSR entered the war after being attacked by Nazi Germany in June 1941.
USA- later than all of the states of the Big Three took part in hostilities (since the end of 1941). But it was the entry of the United States into the war that made it possible to complete the formation of the Anti-Hitler coalition, and successful actions in battles with Japan did not allow it to open a front on Far East against the USSR.
Minor members of the Anti-Hitler Coalition
Of course, in such an important matter as the fight against Nazism, there can be no secondary roles, but the countries presented below still had less influence on the course of hostilities than the members of the Big Three. At the same time, they made their contribution to the end of such a grandiose military conflict as the Second World War. The countries participating in the Anti-Hitler coalition, each by virtue of their capabilities, gave battle to Nazism. Some of them directly opposed the Axis states on the battlefields, others organized the movement against the invaders, and others helped with supplies.
Here you can name the following countries:
- France (one of the first to enter the war with Germany (1939) and was defeated);
- states of the British;
- Poland;
- Czechoslovakia (at the time of the outbreak of hostilities, it actually no longer existed as a single state);
- Netherlands;
- Belgium;
- Luxembourg;
- Denmark;
- Norway;
- Greece;
- Monaco (despite its neutrality, it was alternately occupied by Italy and Germany);
- Albania;
- Argentina;
- Chile;
- Brazil;
- Bolivia;
- Venezuela;
- Colombia;
- Peru;
- Ecuador;
- Dominican Republic;
- Guatemala;
- Salvador;
- Costa Rica;
- Panama;
- Mexico;
- Honduras;
- Nicaragua;
- Haiti;
- Cuba;
- Uruguay;
- Paraguay;
- Türkiye;
- Bahrain;
- Saudi Arabia;
- Iran;
- Iraq;
- Nepal;
- China;
- Mongolia;
- Egypt;
- Liberia;
- Ethiopia;
- Tuva.
It is difficult to underestimate the breadth of the scope of such a grandiose tragedy as the Second World War. The number of participants in the largest armed conflict of the 20th century was 62 countries. This is very high rate, considering that at that time there were only 72 independent states. In principle, there were no countries that this grandiose event did not touch at all, even though ten of them declared their neutrality. Neither the memoirs of the participants in the Second World War or the victims of concentration camps, nor even historical textbooks, can convey the full scale of the tragedy. But the current generation should remember well the mistakes of the past so as not to repeat them in the future.
The most deadly war, 65 million killed and wounded, 62 participating states - any article about World War II will begin with these facts. But they are unlikely to talk about the countries that were able to maintain neutrality during the years of this conflict.
Spain
General Franco won the civil war largely thanks to the support of the Axis: from 1936 to 1939, tens of thousands of Italian and German soldiers fought side by side with the Falangists, and from the air they were covered by the Luftwaffe Condor Legion, which “distinguished itself” by the bombing of Guernica. It is not surprising that the Fuhrer asked the caudillo to repay his debts for the new pan-European massacre, especially since the British military base of Gibraltar was located on the Iberian Peninsula, which controlled the strait of the same name, and therefore the entire Mediterranean.
However, in the global confrontation, the one with the stronger economy wins. And Francisco Franco, who soberly assessed the strength of his opponents (because at that time almost half of the world's population lived in the USA, the British Empire and the USSR alone), made the right decision to focus on restoring the tormented civil war Spain.
The Francoists limited themselves to sending the volunteer "Blue Division" to the Eastern Front, which was successfully multiplied by zero Soviet troops on the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, simultaneously solving another problem of the caudillo - saving him from his own rabid Nazis, in comparison with which even the right-wing Falangists were a model of moderation.
Portugal
Portugal was one of the last European countries, which until the 1970s retained vast colonial possessions - Angola and Mozambique. African land gave untold riches, for example, strategically important tungsten, which the Pyrenees sold dearly to both sides (at least at the initial stage of the war).
In the case of joining any of the opposing alliances, the consequences are easily calculated: yesterday you counted trading profits, and today your opponents enthusiastically begin to sink your transport ships, providing communication between the mother country and the colonies (or even completely occupying the latter), despite the fact that neither a large army nor a navy to protect the sea lanes on which the life of the country depends, the noble dons, unfortunately, do not have.
In addition, the Portuguese dictator António de Salazar remembered the lessons of history when, in 1806, during Napoleonic Wars, Lisbon was captured and ravaged first by the French, and two years later by the British troops, so that the small people had no desire to turn into an arena of clash of great powers again.
Of course, in the second world life on the Iberian Peninsula, the agrarian periphery of Europe, did not proceed freely. However, the hero-narrator of the already mentioned “Night in Lisbon” was struck by the pre-war nonchalance of this city, with the bright lights of working restaurants and casinos.
Switzerland
The Swiss Guard is the oldest (of the surviving to this day) military units in the world, since 1506 guarding the Pope himself. The highlanders, even from the European Alps, were at all times considered born warriors, and the army training system for the citizens of Helvetia ensured that almost every adult inhabitant of the canton had excellent command of weapons. Victory over such a neighbor, where every mountain valley became a natural fortress, according to the calculations of the German headquarters, could only be achieved with an unacceptable level of Wehrmacht losses.
Actually, the forty-year conquest of the Caucasus by Russia, as well as three bloody Anglo-Afghan wars, showed that years, if not decades of armed presence in conditions of constant partisan struggle, were needed for complete control over mountainous territories - which the strategists of the OKW (German General Staff) could not ignore.
However, there is also a conspiracy version of the refusal to seize Switzerland (after all, for example, Hitler trampled on the neutrality of the Benelux countries without hesitation): as you know, Zurich is not only chocolate, but also banks where gold and the Nazis allegedly kept, and the British who financed them Saxon elites who are not at all interested in undermining the global financial system due to an attack on one of its centers.
Sweden
In 1938, Life magazine ranked Sweden among the countries with the most high level life. Stockholm, having abandoned all-European expansion after numerous defeats from Russia in the 18th century, was not in the mood to change oil for guns even now. True, in 1941-44, a company and a battalion of subjects of King Gustav fought on the side of Finland against the USSR on different sectors of the front - but precisely as volunteers, whom His Majesty could not (or did not want to?) interfere with - a total of about a thousand fighters. There were also small groups of Swedish Nazis in some parts of the SS.
There is an opinion that Hitler did not attack Sweden, allegedly for sentimental reasons, considering its inhabitants to be pure-blooded Aryans. The real reasons for maintaining the neutrality of the Yellow Cross, of course, lay in the plane of economics and geopolitics. From all sides, the heart of Scandinavia was surrounded by territories controlled by the Reich: allied Finland, as well as captured Norway and Denmark. At the same time, up to the defeat in Battle of Kursk Stockholm preferred not to quarrel with Berlin (for example, officially accepting Danish Jews who fled the Holocaust was allowed only in October 1943). So even at the end of the war, when Sweden stopped supplying Germany with scarce iron ore, in a strategic sense, the occupation of the neutral would not have changed anything, forcing only to stretch the communications of the Wehrmacht.
Not knowing carpet bombings and reparations of property, Stockholm met and carried out World War II with the revival of many areas of the economy; for example, the future world famous company Ikea was founded in 1943.
Argentina
The German diaspora in the country of the Pampas, as well as the size of the Abwehr residency, were among the largest on the continent. The army, brought up according to Prussian patterns, supported the Nazis; politicians and oligarchs, on the contrary, focused more on foreign trade partners - England and the USA (for example, at the end of the thirties, 3/4 of the famous Argentine beef was supplied to Britain).
Relations with Germany were also uneven. German spies operated almost openly in the country; During the Battle of the Atlantic, the Kriegsmarine sank several Argentine merchant ships. In the end, in 1944, as if hinting, the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition withdrew their ambassadors from Buenos Aires (having previously imposed a ban on arms supplies to Argentina); in neighboring Brazil General base not without the help of American advisers hatched plans for the bombing of Hispanic neighbors.
But even despite all this, the country declared war on Germany only on March 27, 1945, and then, of course, nominally. The honor of Argentina was saved only by a few hundred volunteers who fought in the ranks of the Anglo-Canadian Air Force.
Türkiye
One of the many causes of World War II was the territorial claims that all (!) countries of the fascist bloc had against their neighbors. Turkey, despite its traditional orientation towards Germany, however, stood apart here because of the course taken by Atatürk to abandon imperial ambitions in favor of building a national state.
An associate of the Founding Father and the second president of the country, Ismet İnönü, who headed the Republic after the death of Ataturk, could not help but take into account the obvious geopolitical alignments. Firstly, in August 1941, after the slightest threat from Iran on the side of the Axis, Soviet and British troops simultaneously entered the country from the north and south, taking control of the entire Iranian Highlands in three weeks. And although the Turkish army is unlike the Persian one, there is no doubt that anti-Hitler coalition, remembering the successful experience of the Russian-Ottoman wars, will not stop at a preemptive strike, and the Wehrmacht, 90% of which is already involved on the Eastern Front, is unlikely to come to the rescue.
And secondly and most importantly, what's the point of fighting (see Ataturk's quote), if you can make good money by supplying scarce Erzurum chromium (without which tank armor cannot be made) to both warring parties?
In the end, when it became completely indecent to evade, on February 23, 1945, under pressure from the allies, war on Germany was nevertheless declared, however, without real participation in hostilities. Over the previous 6 years, the population of Turkey has increased from 17.5 to almost 19 million: along with neutral Spain - best result among European countries.