Naval ranks and shoulder straps that are worn on the shoulders in the Navy. Military ranks in the navy in ascending order Who is more important: vice or rear admiral

Rear admiral is the youngest of the admiral ranks awarded to Russian naval commanders. An analogue of the rank of major general in other branches of the military. We will try to tell in detail about the history of this rank within the framework of the development of the domestic navy.

Story

Initially, in the era of sailing ships, one of the admiral's assistants was called a rear admiral. As a rule, the ships of a squadron, when moving, follow each other in one line, called a wake column. This “snake” provides the most convenient control of the entire formation, since each ship follows strictly behind the one in front.

The squadron commander was usually in the center of the formation (corps de battalion), and the vice admiral led the vanguard. A rear admiral was the name given to the officer who commanded the ships at the rear of the formation.

It was assumed that in battle the admiral led the battle formations, while the rear admiral retained control of the rearguard ships, reserve ships, or auxiliary ships. Such a system helped the naval commander to concentrate on controlling the battle.

In the first decades of the existence of the Russian fleet, there was the rank of Schoutbenacht (from Dutch - “watcher of the night”), which, according to the Table of Ranks, corresponded to the rank of major general (IV class) and was actually equal to rear admiral. Tsar Peter himself bore this title, being called “Schautbenakht Peter Mikhailov,” and under this pseudonym he took part in the Battle of Gangut in 1714.

Subsequently, this rank was replaced by the rank of rear admiral. The date of introduction of the new rank and the fate of officers who had the previous rank have not been reliably established. The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia indicates that the title of Schoutbenacht was retained until the accession of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna (1741). At the same time, already in 1732, in the documents of the Admiralty Board of the Senate, the rank of rear admiral was mentioned, which retained the previous IV class of the Table.

In the Red Army, by the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of December 16, 1917, all military ranks and insignia of the old system were abolished.

Find out: History of shoulder straps national army, in what year they were introduced, how they were modified

navy Soviet republic, like all armed forces, instead of the usual system of ranks, it received a system of service categories. The following ranks of “higher command staff” approximately began to correspond to the rank of rear admiral:

K-10: cruiser commander (and corresponding ones).
K-11: brigade commander (and those corresponding to him).
K-12: flotilla commander (and his corresponding ones).

In 1935, the ranks of flagships of the Red Army Naval Forces were introduced. The rank of rear admiral was equal to a flagship of the 2nd rank, to a vice admiral was the equivalent of a “flagship officer of the 1st rank,” and the equivalent of an admiral was the rank of “fleet flagship of the 2nd rank.”

The new rank system did not last long, and already on May 7, 1940, naval commanders again received admiral ranks.

In the post-war period, special admiral ranks were additionally introduced into the USSR Navy for the ground-based engineering staff of the fleet, for example, rear admiral engineer. In 1984, these ranks were abolished, and the officers received the corresponding general ranks.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in Russian Federation The Soviet system of admiral ranks has been preserved and is still in effect today.

Insignia

In the 18th century, the number of buttons on the cuffs of the uniform served as a sign of distinction for the ranks of admirals. A rear admiral was given one button, a vice admiral two, and an admiral three. Also, to confirm the status of an officer, woven ribbons and gold stripes on collars were used on uniforms.

In 1807, army and navy officers wore epaulettes.

Rear Admiral's Epaulet

In the second half of the 19th century, rear admirals wore silver shoulder straps with a coat of arms.

Rear Admiral's shoulder straps Russian Empire

After the October Revolution, commanders of the Red Army wore sleeve patches with a red star and gold stripes (galuns) as insignia.

Sleeve insignia of a ship brigade commander

Shoulder straps, model 1943

In 1943, sailors received shoulder straps at the same time as ground units.

Shoulder strap of a rear admiral of the Russian Navy, model 1994

Notable officers

One of the symbols of the Peter the Great era was Rear Admiral Denis Kalmykov. As a servant of the young nobleman Maxim Spifariev, who was sent to Europe for training, Kalmykov was often forced to attend maritime classes instead of the master, who disappeared in taverns. The young servant was so keen on learning that he even went to sea instead of Spifariev.

Find out: Who wears the olive beret, how do you pass the standards to obtain it?

The young nobleman who returned to St. Petersburg had to pass the exam to the sovereign himself. Somehow Spifariev managed to bring with him a servant who was supposed to give him advice. Peter quickly revealed the deception and, having asked the servant several difficult questions, ordered him to be awarded the rank of midshipman, and Spifariev to be sent to serve as an ordinary sailor.

Subsequently, Denis Kalmykov headed the Tyrnitsa factories, which made anchors and ship rigging. It was he who translated the English maritime regulations and developed modern system flag signals. He completed his career as commander of the port of Kronstadt.

For many years this story was considered fiction, but later biographies of the heroes of this story were discovered in the archives, and it was also preserved in the notes of Admiral Alexei Nagaev, who served in the time of Peter.

In subsequent years, various tasks fell on the shoulders of rear admirals. In the years Crimean War V.I. showed his outstanding talents. Istomin. Commanding battleship"Paris", Istomin distinguished himself in the Battle of Sinop, and upon returning to Sevastopol he was promoted to rear admiral. Later, Vladimir Ivanovich showed himself as a ground commander. During the siege of Sevastopol, he headed the defense sector of the city, which included the Malakhov Kurgan. He died shortly before the end of the city's defense from a direct hit from a cannonball.

The history of the military ranks “Admiral of the Fleet” and “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union” is quite complex and confusing. Suffice it to say that in different historical periods these ranks were equated to various land ranks, and only since 1962 they coexisted with each other (before that there was only one naval class above the rank of “admiral,” corresponding to a colonel general).

When the ranks of general and admiral were established in 1940, the rank of “admiral of the fleet” was introduced, which corresponded to the land rank of “general of the army”, however, unlike the latter, it was not awarded to anyone. Until May 1944, when the People's Commissar of the Navy N.G. Kuznetsov and the Chief of the Main Staff of the Navy I.S. Isakov became admirals of the fleet, the highest naval rank was actually the rank of “admiral”1.

Thus, the ratio of the ranks of senior command personnel in the army and navy in 1940-1945. it was like this:

Marshal of the Soviet Union - (no rank)

Colonel General - Admiral

Here is what Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov tells about the further history of the titles “Admiral of the Fleet” and “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union”, without whom the latter, perhaps, would not have appeared:

"In 1944, Stalin unexpectedly raised the question for me Headquarters of the Supreme High Command about assigning me another rank. By this time we did not have a rank higher than admiral, which means there were no corresponding shoulder straps. I reported that in other navies there is a rank of fleet admiral. "What will this be like in our Armed Forces?" - Stalin asked. I replied that if we follow the same sequence as in the army, then the admiral of the fleet should be awarded shoulder straps with four stars, but then this would not be the highest rank that land military commanders have, that is, the rank of marshal.

At the same time, it was decided to establish for the time being the rank of fleet admiral with four stars on shoulder straps, without indicating to whom this rank is awarded in the ground forces. So, I received another rank of fleet admiral with shoulder straps unusual for the fleet. I wore them for a relatively short time. In May 1944, it was decided to replace these shoulder straps with marshal ones, with one a big star. And when the statutory issue was discussed and in the table of ranks it was necessary to decide who the fleet admiral was equal in rights to, it was written in black and white: “Marshal of the Soviet Union.”

Unfortunately, I cannot put an end to this. Later (in 1948) I was stripped of this rank and put on the shoulder straps of a rear admiral for the second time. Received another promotion as commander Pacific Fleet(for the second time) in 1950, and after Stalin’s death he was restored to the former rank of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union (in 1953). After the war, the question arose: should a fleet admiral have and wear a marshal's star? I remember that Marshal Zhukov then proposed changing the name to “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union.” The government decided to make such an amendment to the highest rank of the Navy, and I, together with a group of marshals, received a marshal’s star from the hands of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR K.E. Voroshilov. However, fortune once again turned against me, and I was demoted to the rank of vice admiral. I think this is a unique and only case in the history of all fleets. In the same place where I received the marshal's star, I returned it, retaining the rank of vice admiral..."

Let us give the exact chronology of the events indicated by Kuznetsov: the rank of “admiral of the fleet” and shoulder straps with four stars Kuznetsov and Isakov received on May 31, 1944 (this rank, as we saw, had existed in the Navy for four years, although it was not awarded to anyone - here admiral the memoirist is mistaken), and the shoulder straps were of the marshal type on May 25, 1945, and at the same time the rank of “admiral of the fleet,” as Nikolai Gerasimovich himself writes, was equated to the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union. He was demoted on February 3, 1948, and restored to his rank on May 11, 1953.

After the rank of “fleet admiral” was equated to the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union in May 1945, an amazing situation arose: in the navy, no rank any longer corresponded to an army general, that is, the two highest naval ranks were no longer separated by one, but two classes :

Marshal of the Soviet Union - Admiral of the Fleet
army general - (no rank)
Colonel General - Admiral
Lieutenant General - Vice Admiral
Major General - Rear Admiral

The military rank "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union" was introduced on March 3, 1955; at the same time, the persons to whom it was assigned were instructed to wear the Marshall Star. In fact, this was a renaming of the already existing rank of “fleet admiral”: the new rank was assigned to exactly those military leaders who already had the old one, that is, N. G. Kuznetsov and I. S. Isakov. The addition of the words “Soviet Union” and the introduction of a new insignia in the form of the Marshal Star apparently pursued the goal of further emphasizing equality with the title “Marshal of the Soviet Union.” All that remained was to take the last, logical step and again equate the “vacated” rank of “admiral of the fleet” with the rank of “general of the army.” This, however, was not done in 1955, and for another seven years the indicated “skew” in the Soviet “table of ranks” persisted. It was only in 1962 that the rank of “fleet admiral” was restored and filled the empty cell in the table:

Marshal of the Soviet Union - Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union
General of the Army - Admiral of the Fleet
Colonel General - Admiral
Lieutenant General - Vice Admiral
Major General - Rear Admiral

After Kuznetsov was again demoted in rank (February 17, 1956), Isakov remained the only naval marshal. Two weeks after Isakov’s death, on October 28, 1967, this title was awarded to Kuznetsov’s successor as Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Sergei Georgievich Gorshkov, who held it until his death in 1988. From that time on, the Admirals of the Fleet of the Soviet Union were no longer listed in the Navy.

The restored rank of "fleet admiral" was awarded more than once in 1962-1989: to Commanders-in-Chief (S.G. Gorshkov and his successor V.N. Chernavin), Deputy Commanders-in-Chief, Chiefs of the Navy General Staff and some fleet commanders. In total (not counting Kuznetsov, Isakov and Gorshkov), the title of “fleet admiral” was held by 9 military leaders.

After the USSR ceased to exist, the rank of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union was abolished; in modern Russian fleet the highest rank is fleet admiral (corresponding to the land rank of army general). Thus, the ratio of the highest ranks of the army and navy, which existed in 1940-1945, has been restored.

In 1962-1997, Soviet (and then Russian) fleet admirals wore insignia close to those of marshals of the military branches. Instead of shoulder straps with four stars, shoulder straps with one large star were introduced, and on a tie with dress uniform The Marshall star of the “small” type was worn. This change in uniform was intended to overcome the “inequality” between the admirals of the fleet and the marshals of the military branches of equal rank. After the ranks of marshals of military branches in the Russian Federation were abolished in 1993, the reason for special insignia for fleet admirals also disappeared. By decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 27, 1997, the admirals of the fleet, introduced in 1943/44, were returned. shoulder straps with four stars in a row, and Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated April 15, 1981 N 4735-X “On the marshal insignia “Marshal Star” ...” was declared invalid in the Russian Federation.

1 Before being awarded the rank of "Admiral of the Fleet", the rank of "Admiral" was held by: L. M. Galler, N. G. Kuznetsov, I. S. Isakov (all - June 4, 1940), V. F. Tributs and I. S. Yumashev (31.5.1943).

Rear Admiral Senior rank:
Vice Admiral

History of military rank insignia in Russia

Samples of insignia Rear Admiral and equivalent in the Russian Imperial Navy

Chin	Russian Imperial Navy
sleeve badge shoulder strap epaulet
Code 14 Class according to the Table of Ranks IV	… sleeve sign (1917)	Rear Admiral "His retinue Imperial Majesty" (1904-1917)	Rear Admiral (1904-1917)	Mechanical Engineer rear admiral (1913-1917)	Major General mechanical engineer (1905-1913)	Major General by the Admiralty (1904-1917)	Major General nautical artillery (1904-1917)	Major General naval navigators (1904-1917)	Gene.- major KIMSCH (1837-1891)	Gene.- major CCIF (1907-1917)

Samples of insignia Rear Admiral (OF-6) in the USSR and the Russian Federation

Chin	USSR Navy				Navy of the Russian Federation
sleeve sign shoulder strap
	"Commander" sleeve insignia ship brigades" (1918-1935)	Patch "Rear Admiral" (1935-1991)	shoulder strap to the jacket (1943-1955)	... front door (1955-1991)	... front door (1994-2010)	... front door to a white shirt (1994-2010)	...daily (1994-2010)	... front door (since 2010)

In the US Navy

In the US Navy, the rank of "rear admiral" is divided into two levels: Rear Admiral Lower Half (rear admiral of the junior level, corresponding to the English rank of Commodore and the land rank of "brigadier general") and Rear Admiral Upper Half (rear admiral of the senior level, corresponding to the English rank of Rear Admiral and the land rank of “Major General”).

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Excerpt characterizing the Rear Admiral

– Andre, don’t! - said Princess Marya.
But he frowned angrily and at the same time painfully at her and leaned over the child with a glass. “Well, I want it,” he said. - Well, I beg you, give it to him.
Princess Marya shrugged her shoulders, but obediently took the glass and, calling the nanny, began to give the medicine. The child screamed and wheezed. Prince Andrei, wincing, holding his head, left the room and sat down on the sofa next door.
The letters were all in his hand. He mechanically opened them and began to read. The old prince, on blue paper, in his large, oblong handwriting, using titles here and there, wrote the following:
“I received very happy news at this moment through a courier, if not a lie. Bennigsen allegedly won complete victory near Eylau over Buonaparte. In St. Petersburg everyone is rejoicing; there is no end to the number of awards sent to the army. Although he is German, congratulations. The Korchevsky commander, a certain Khandrikov, I don’t understand what he’s doing: additional people and provisions have not yet been delivered. Now jump there and tell him that I will take his head off so that everything will be done in a week. I also received a letter from Petinka about the Battle of Preussisch Eylau, he took part - it’s all true. When people do not interfere with someone who should not be interfered with, then the German beat Buonaparti. They say he is running very upset. Look, jump to Korcheva immediately and do it!”
Prince Andrei sighed and opened another envelope. It was a finely written letter from Bilibin on two pieces of paper. He folded it without reading and again read his father’s letter, which ended with the words: “Ride to Korcheva and carry it out!” “No, excuse me, now I won’t go until the child recovers,” he thought and, going up to the door, looked into the nursery. Princess Marya still stood by the crib and quietly rocked the child.
“Yes, what else does he write that is unpleasant? Prince Andrei recalled the contents of his father’s letter. Yes. Ours won a victory over Bonaparte precisely when I was not serving... Yes, yes, everyone is making fun of me... well, that’s good for you...” and he began to read Bilibin’s French letter. He read without understanding half of it, he read only in order to at least for a minute stop thinking about what he had been thinking about exclusively and painfully for too long.

Bilibin was now located as a diplomatic official at the main headquarters of the army and, although French, with French jokes and figures of speech, but with exclusively Russian fearlessness in the face of self-condemnation and self-mockery, described the entire campaign. Bilibin wrote that his diplomatic discretion [modesty] tormented him, and that he was happy to have a faithful correspondent in Prince Andrei, to whom he could pour out all the bile that had accumulated in him at the sight of what was happening in the army. This letter was old, even before the Battle of Eylau.
"Depuis nos grands succes d"Austerlitz vous savez, mon cher Prince, wrote Bilibin, que je ne quitte plus les quartiers generaux. Decidement j"ai pris le gout de la guerre, et bien m"en a pris. Ce que j" ai vu ces trois mois, est incroyable.
“Je commence ab ovo. L'ennemi du genre humain, comme vous savez, s'attaque aux Prussiens. Les Prussiens sont nos fideles allies, qui ne nous ont trompes que trois fois depuis trois ans. Nous prenons fait et cause pour eux. Mais il se trouve que l "ennemi du genre humain ne fait nulle attention a nos beaux discours, et avec sa maniere impolie et sauvage se jette sur les Prussiens sans leur donner le temps de finir la parade commencee, en deux tours de main les rosse a plate couture et va s"installer au palais de Potsdam.
“J"ai le plus vif desir, ecrit le Roi de Prusse a Bonaparte, que V. M. soit accueillie et traitee dans mon palais d"une maniere, qui lui soit agreable et c"est avec empres sement, que j"ai pris a cet effet toutes les mesures que les circonstances me permettaient. Puisse je avoir reussi! Les generaux Prussiens se piquent de politesse envers les Francais et mettent bas les armes aux premieres sommations.
“Le chef de la garienison de Glogau avec dix mille hommes, demande au Roi de Prusse, ce qu"il doit faire s"il est somme de se rendre?... Tout cela est positif.
“Bref, esperant en imposer seulement par notre attitude militaire, il se trouve que nous voila en guerre pour tout de bon, et ce qui plus est, en guerre sur nos frontieres avec et pour le Roi de Prusse. Tout est au grand complet, il ne nous manque qu"une petite chose, c"est le general en chef. Comme il s"est trouve que les succes d"Austerlitz aurant pu etre plus decisifs si le general en chef eut ete moins jeune, on fait la revue des octogenaires et entre Prosorofsky et Kamensky, on donne la preference au derienier. Le general nous arrive en kibik a la maniere Souvoroff, et est accueilli avec des acclamations de joie et de triomphe.
“Le 4 arrive le premier courier de Petersbourg. On apporte les malles dans le cabinet du Mariechal, qui aime a faire tout par lui meme. On m"appelle pour aider a faire le triage des lettres et prendre celles qui nous sont destinees. Le Marieechal nous regarde faire et attend les paquets qui lui sont adresses. Nous cherchons – il n"y en a point. Le Marieechal deviant impatient, se met lui meme a la besogne et trouve des lettres de l"Empereur pour le comte T., pour le prince V. et autres. Alors le voila qui se met dans une de ses coleres bleues. Il jette feu et flamme contre tout le monde, s"empare des lettres, les decachete et lit cells de l"Empereur adressees a d"autres. Oh, that's what they do to me! I have no trust! Oh, they told me to keep an eye on me, that’s good; get out! Et il ecrit le fameux ordre du jour au general Benigsen

The ranks of sailors are somewhat different from the ranks of the ground, missile, space forces, airborne forces, and air force. Let's take a closer look at this classification, starting with an idea of what ranks exist in the Russian Armed Forces.

Composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

In total, there are two types of ranks for the military in our state - military and ship (sea) ranks. Their list is established in the Federal Law "On military duty and military service."

Naval ranks are assigned to sailors:

underwater and surface units of the Navy;
Coast Guard border units of the FSB of the Russian Federation;
military naval units of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

Components of the Navy:

coastal troops;
Marines;
naval aviation.

Navy units

Let's look at each one briefly:

Marine Corps (we'll look at the ranks below). The branch of the military was created on February 14, 1992. It is designed for amphibious assault operations, the defense of important strategic facilities on the coast, and the protection of naval bases. The color of distinction is black (black beret), the motto is: “Where we are, there is victory!” Number: 12.5-35 thousand military personnel. Marine units are present in the Pacific, Northern, Black Sea, Baltic Fleet, and Caspian Flotilla.
Naval aviation. Destruction of the enemy's battle fleet, as well as its landing forces, convoys, single ships both at sea and at bases, covering one's ships from air attack, aerial reconnaissance, destruction of cruise missiles, airplanes and helicopters, air transportation, landing of detachments, search and rescue work. Basing points: Pacific, Northern, Baltic, Black Sea fleet.
Coastal defense and security. The troops protect the military bases of the Russian Navy and strategically important areas of the coastal zone. They have coastal artillery and missile systems, incl. and anti-aircraft, torpedo, mine weapons, and special coastal defense vessels.

Naval ranks and shoulder straps: type, colors

IN navy two main categories of shoulder straps: for officers and for junior personnel.

Midshipmen, foremen and sailors:

everyday uniform: blue (in some variations with silver edging) shoulder straps with yellow stripes and the letter “F” embroidered according to rank;
ceremonial beige shirt (only for midshipmen) - removable shoulder straps, identical to those present on the ceremonial tunic;
dress coat, tunic - gray and black sewn shoulder straps with a checkerboard pattern.

Officer naval ranks and shoulder straps:

white dress shirt - golden removable shoulder straps without edging;
beige dress shirt - shoulder straps without edging to match the clothes;
casual coat and jacket - black shoulder straps with yellow trim;
ceremonial officer's jacket - embroidered golden shoulder straps with black edging stripes.

Junior naval ranks and insignia

Sailors wear shoulder straps without insignia; only senior sailors have one transverse stripe (galloon).

Petty officers have insignia - stripes, fabric braids yellow color(for both everyday and festive uniforms). Naval ranks:

foreman of the second article (2 galloons);
foreman of the first article (3 braids);
chief petty officer (one wide stripe);
chief ship's foreman (one wide, longitudinal braid).

Midshipmen's shoulder straps are somewhat similar to those of officers, but are made without gaps (vertical sewn stripes); edgings can be added. The insignia is small vertical stars. Naval ranks:

midshipman (two stars);
senior midshipman (three stars).

Naval officers

Junior officer naval ranks of Russia wear one gap on their shoulder straps (a yellow vertically located sewn stripe). The standard size of metal sprockets is 13 mm. Differences:

junior lieutenant (one star in the clear);
lieutenant (two stars on both sides of the gap);
senior lieutenant (three stars - one in the clear, the other two on either side of him);
captain-lieutenant (four stars - two in the clear, two on the sides of the line).

Senior officer ranks of the navy already have two clearances and the stars on their shoulder straps are larger - 20 mm. Differences:

captain of the third rank (one star between gaps);
captain of the second rank (two stars in the gaps);
captain of the first rank (three stars - two in the gaps, one between the stripes)

Senior officers wear shoulder straps without gaps with large embroidered stars (22 mm):

rear admiral (one star);
vice admiral (two stars);
admiral (three stars);
admiral of the fleet (one large embroidered star - 40 mm).

Sleeve insignia

In the navy, in addition to shoulder straps, officers also have insignia on the sleeves of their uniforms - yellow stripes and stars. The latter for junior and senior officers are filled with a solid yellow stripe, and for senior officers an anchor is embroidered inside the outline of the star. The width and number of stripes vary by rank:

junior lieutenant - middle band;
lieutenant - medium and narrow stripes;
senior lieutenant - two middle ones;
captain-lieutenant - two medium, one narrow;
captain 3rd rank - three averages;
captain 2nd rank - four averages;
captain 1st rank - one wide;
rear admiral - wide and medium;
vice admiral - wide and two medium;
admiral - wide and three medium;
Admiral of the Fleet - wide and four medium.

Correspondence between naval and military ranks

Military and naval ranks correspond as follows:

Marshal of the Russian Federation
Fleet Admiral	Army General
Admirals	Colonel Generals
Vice Admirals	Major Generals
Rear admirals	Lieutenant Generals
Captains 1st rank	Colonels
Captains 2nd rank	Lieutenant Colonels
Captains 3rd rank	Majors
Captain-lieutenants	Captains
Lieutenants
Junior lieutenants
Senior midshipmen	Senior warrant officers
Midshipmen	Ensigns
Chief Petty Officers of the ship	Petty Officers
Petty Officers 1 article	Sergeants
Petty Officers 2 articles	Junior Sergeants
Senior sailors	Corporals
Sailors	Privates

Naval ranks and insignia on shoulder straps in Russian army are clearly structured, so they are quite easy to understand even with a superficial familiarization.

Ship ranks in the navy are used in the Russian Navy and are assigned to sailors to the extent they are able to take responsibility for the command of a particular military personnel. They are also assigned to the military coast guard of the border troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, underwater and surface units of the Navy and naval units of the troops.

Almost all naval ranks differ from the missile and ground forces, airborne forces and airborne forces. From 1884 to 1991 they changed due to a number of events:

the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917;
creation Soviet Union and its subsequent collapse 1922-1991;
creation of the Russian Federation in 1991

Modern ranks in the navy are divided into 4 categories:

1. Conscripts of conscript and contract service. These include: sailor, senior sailor, foreman of the second class, petty officer of the first class and the chief petty officer. The senior ranks also include a midshipman and a senior midshipman.

2. Junior officers of the fleet. These are: junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant and lieutenant commander.

3. Senior officers of the Navy. Ranks are divided into: captains of the third, second and first rank.

4. Senior officers. Consists of: rear admiral, vice admiral, admiral and fleet admiral.

Detailed description of ship ranks in ascending order

Sailor- a junior rank in the navy that corresponds to a land private. These are conscripts for military service.

Senior sailor- a parallel to the army rank of corporal, which is assigned to a sailor for maintaining discipline and exemplary performance of duties. Can be an assistant sergeant major and replace a sergeant major of the second class.

Petty Officers

Foreman of the second article- junior rank in the senior ranks, which was introduced on November 2, 1940. Situated in rank above the senior sailor and below the first class petty officer. May be a squad leader.

Petty Officer of the first article- a sailor of the fleet who is ranked higher in rank than the petty officer of the second article, but below the chief petty officer. Second in order of growth in the list of senior officers, introduced on November 2, 1940. This is a squad commander who has shown excellent results in performing military and organizational duties.

Chief petty officer- military rank Navy Russian Federation and Coast Guard. Occupies a place between the first class petty officer and the midshipman of the fleet. The naval rank of chief naval sergeant corresponds to the army rank of senior sergeant. Can replace a platoon commander.

Midshipman– a word of English origin, which is assigned to a sailor after completing appropriate training programs and courses. In land terms, this is an ensign. Performs organizational and combat duties within the framework of a platoon commander or company sergeant major.

Senior midshipman- a military rank in the Russian Navy, which is higher in rank than midshipman, but lower than junior lieutenant. Similarly - senior warrant officer in other branches of the military.

junior officers

Rank junior lieutenant comes from French and translates as "substitute". Occupies the first rank in junior officers, both in the ground and in naval forces. May be a post or platoon commander.

Lieutenant- second among ranks in the navy, in rank above junior lieutenant and below senior lieutenant. Awarded upon completion of service with the rank of junior lieutenant.

Senior Lieutenant- a naval rank of junior officers in Russia, which is higher in rank than lieutenant and lower than lieutenant commander. With excellent performance in the service, he can be an assistant to the captain of a ship.

Lieutenant Commander- the highest rank of junior officers, which in the Russian Federation and Germany corresponds to captain of the army of the ground forces. A sailor with this rank is considered the deputy captain of the ship and the commander of a company of hundreds of subordinates.

Senior officers

Captain 3rd rank- corresponds to an army major. The abbreviated name for the shoulder strap is “captri”. Responsibilities include commanding a ship of the appropriate rank. These are small military vessels: landing craft, anti-submarine ships, torpedo ships and minesweepers.

Captain of the second rank, or “kapdva” is the rank of sailor in the Navy, which corresponds to lieutenant colonel in land ranks. This is the commander of a ship of the same rank: large landing ships, missile and destroyers.

Captain of the first rank, or “kapraz”, “kapturang” is a military rank in the Russian Navy, which is higher in rank than captain of the second rank and lower than rear admiral. May 7, 1940 exists among ranks in the navy, decided the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. "Kapturang" commands ships with complex control and enormous military power: aircraft carriers, nuclear submarines and cruisers.

Senior officer corps

Rear Admiral can command a squadron of ships and replace the commander of a flotilla. Adopted since 1940 and since that time corresponds to major general of the ground forces and aviation.

Vice Admiral- a rank of sailors in Russia, which allows you to replace an admiral. Corresponds to a lieutenant general of the ground forces. Manages the actions of flotillas.

Admiral translated from Dutch as “lord of the sea”, therefore he is a member of the senior officer corps. Army employees are assigned the rank of Colonel General. Manages the active fleet.

Fleet Admiral- the highest active rank, as well as in other types of troops, army general. Manages the fleet and is assigned to active admirals with excellent combat, organizational and strategic performance.

What types of troops are assigned naval ranks?

The Navy of the Russian Federation (RF Navy) also includes the following units:

Marine Corps;
coast guard;
naval aviation.

The Marine Corps is a unit that carries out the defense of military installations, coastal areas and other sea lines. The Marines include sabotage and reconnaissance groups. The Marine Corps motto is: “Where we are, there is victory.”

The Coast Guard is a branch of the military that defends Russian naval bases and special facilities in the coastal zone. They have at their disposal anti-aircraft, torpedo, mine weapons, as well as missile systems and other artillery.

Naval aviation is troops whose responsibilities include detecting and destroying the enemy, defending ships and other elements from enemy forces, and destroying enemy aircraft, helicopters and other air structures. Russian aviation also carries out air transportation and rescue operations on the high seas.

How and for what is the next rank assigned to sailors?

The assignment of the next title is specified in the current laws of the Russian Federation:

For a senior sailor, you must serve 5 months;
obtaining a sergeant major 2nd article can be expected after a year of service;
three years for senior sergeant and chief petty officer;
three years to become a midshipman;
2 years for junior lieutenant;
3 for promotion to lieutenant and first lieutenant;
4 years to become a captain-lieutenant and captain of the 3rd rank.
5 years to captain 2nd and 1st rank;
for senior officers, at least a year at the previous rank.

It is also worth knowing that military ranks in the navy may be assigned if the due date has not yet passed, but the military man has demonstrated his organizational, tactical and strategic abilities. A bad sailor is one who does not want to become an admiral, especially since it is possible. There are many examples of motivated, big-thinking sailors who became admirals.