PLEASE ANSWER CORRECTLY, AS MY ANNUAL ASSESSMENT DEPENDS ON THIS) 1) Which of the following plants are typical for the tundra? environmental issues in the tundra zone is: a) mining ___ b) agricultural activity ___ c) logging ___ d) the growth of large cities. 3) Which natural and economic zone of Russia is most modified by man? and spend a week in the mountains in a territory with a little-changed landscape. Which of the listed protected natural areas can they do this? An example of irrational nature management is: a) snow retention ___ b) drainage of swamps in the upper reaches of rivers ___ c) the creation of forest belts in the steppe zone ___ d) land reclamation. Siberia, because here: a) the number solar radiation less ___ b) soils are less fertile ___ c) winters are milder ___ d) summers are cooler. 7) What soils are most characteristic of the taiga zone? a) brown forests ___ b) gray forests ___ c) chernozems ___ d) podzolic. ground squirrel ___ c) chipmunk ___ g) elk. 9) Arrange the natural and economic zones in ascending order of the degree of favorable natural conditions for the life of the population. 1) MIXED FORESTS ___ 2) TUNDRA ___ 3) TAIGA. ) TAIGA ___2) TUNDRA ___3) FOREST-STEPPE11) (THIS QUESTION SHOULD BE ANSWERED IN THE SIZE OF 2-3 PROPOSALS) Oil and gas pipeline routes laid in the tundra zone are an obstacle to the migration of reindeer, their food supply is reduced, natural pastures are being destroyed. Suggest 2 ways of laying pipelines to solve this problem.
d) land reclamation
2) natural complexes least modified by man are
a) deciduous forests
c) arctic islands
d) taiga zone
hello, I urgently need to answer questions tomorrow kontrolka through the ministry 1) name and describe the main forms of governmentstates. Give examples of countries 2) explain the content of the concept of "irrational nature management". Give examples of irrational nature management 3) Explain the concept of "international division of labor (MGTR)". Define the concept of international geographical division. 4) What determines the specialization of countries included in the MGTR? 5) Make a diagram of the links between mechanical engineering and other sectors of the world economy.
Geography Grade 8 13. The indigenous inhabitants of the Caucasus are 1) Komi 2) Buryats 3) Ingush 4) Nenets11. An example of rational nature management is
1) drainage bolt in the upper reaches of small rivers
2) open pit mining
3) Use of wind and solar energy
4) transfer of thermal power plants from natural gas to coal
12. Which of the statements contains information about the natural reproduction of the population?
1) Less than a quarter of the population of Russia lives in Siberia, which is concentrated mainly along the Trans-Siberian railway.
2) During the 90s of the twentieth century, the outflow of the population from the Far East region exceeded 840 thousand people (11% of all residents)
3) In 2007, in many subjects of the Russian Federation there was an increase in the number of births and a decrease in the number of deaths.
4) There are 153 thousand rural settlements in Russia, and a little more than a thousand cities.
15. Why are there many swamps and wetlands on the territory of the West Siberian Plain? Give one reason for climatic features, and one reason related to the features of the relief.
Write down the answer on a separate sheet or form, indicating first the task number.
18. Distribute the listed cities in order of increasing their height above sea level.
Write down the resulting sequence of letters.
A) Gorno-Altaisk B) Yekaterinburg C) Smolensk
transcript
1 Tasks of the municipal stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren in geography 2014 Grade 11 Test round The use of atlases and other reference publications is prohibited. Time to complete tasks 45 minutes. Total: 25 points On completion test task choose only one correct answer. 1. P.F. Anjou is a Russian explorer of the Arctic. In 1820 he was appointed leader of an expedition whose purpose was to explore the northern coast of Siberia. In the years P.F. Anzhu gave a description and mapped the New Siberian Islands. He also explored the northern coast of Siberia between the Olenek and Indigirka rivers. Which of the following geographical objects on the map of Russia named after P.F. Anjou? 1) ridge; 2) strait 3) islands; 4) gulf 2. On which of the listed continents are lakes Erie and Michigan located? 1) Australia 2) North America; 3) Africa 4) South America; 3. The deepest depression on land is on the mainland 1) Australia; 2) Africa 3) Eurasia; 4) North America 4. Some solar panels are a lot of concave mirrors installed in one place and fixed in a certain position. In the city of Seville (Spain), a solar power plant of more than 600 mirrors provides electricity to more than 6,000 homes. The amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface varies by season and depends on the geographical latitude of the point. Which of the following maps should be used to locate the city of Seville named in the text? 1) Europe; 2) Asia 3) Africa; four) South America 5. What letter in the figure indicates the point at which the greatest Atmosphere pressure? 1) A 2) B 3) C 6. What is an example of unsustainable environmental management? one
2 1) carrying out snow retention in winter time 2) the use of natural gas instead of coal at thermal power plants 3) the creation of a water recycling system at industrial enterprises 4) the drainage of swamps in the upper reaches of small rivers 7. The weather map was compiled for April 12. Which of the following cities shown on the map is most likely to experience a significant cooling next day? 1) Perm; 2) Syktyvkar 3) Omsk; 4) Tyumen 8. Which of the following statements contains information about the reproduction of the population? 1) In the first half of 2013, there was an increase in the number of arrivals from outside Russia by 17.9 thousand people, or by 9.1%. 2) Growing, large cities involve small cities and towns adjacent to them in the sphere of their interests, forming agglomerations, the number of which in the world is constantly increasing. 3) If in early XIX in. While the urban population was determined by several tens of million people with a total population of 1 billion, now almost half of all the inhabitants of the Earth live in cities. 4) In the first half of 2013 in Russia there was a decrease in the number of births (in 53 regions Russian Federation) and the number of deaths (in 57 regions). In the country as a whole, in the first half of 2013, the number of deaths exceeded the number of births by 5.9%. 9. To the formation of acids in the atmosphere and precipitation acid rain conducts, first of all 1) burning of coal; 2) application of organic fertilizers to the soil; 3) soil fertilization; 4) creation of landfills for household waste 10. In the capital of which of the listed republics, the Sun is the first to
3 Moscow time rises above the horizon? 1) Khakassia; 2) Tyva 3) Altai; 4) Buryatia 11. Beech and hornbeam are typical representatives of the vegetation of the natural zone 1) humid equatorial forests; 2) taiga 3) savannas and light forests; 4) deciduous forests 12. Protection of land from wind erosion contributes to 1) plowing of slopes 2) cutting down bushes in ravines and gullies 3) planting forest belts 4) intensive grazing 13. Which of the following cities is the center of agricultural engineering? 1) St. Petersburg; 2) Rubtsovsk 3) Arkhangelsk; 4) Magadan 14. Which of the statements contains information about the reproduction of the population? 1) According to the results of the All-Russian population census in 2010, the urban population in the country was 105.3 million people (74%), about a third of the city dwellers lived in 12 million-plus cities. 2) In 2009 average density population of the North Caucasian federal district was one of the highest in the country: 54 people per 1 m2. 3) The number of births in the Russian Federation in January October 2012 increased to 1586.9 thousand people against 1482.8 thousand people in January October 2011. At the same time, the number of deaths in January October 2012 decreased to 1586.1 thousand. people from 1610.2 thousand people a year earlier. 4) In 2009, 10.527 million inhabitants were registered in Moscow, of which about 7 million were of working age and 2.5 million were pensioners. 15. Which of the following cities is a major center of the aluminum industry? 1) Belgorod; 2) Kursk 3) Krasnoyarsk; 4) Khabarovsk 16. Which of the following countries is a member of ASEAN? 1) Iran; 2) Iraq; 3) Nigeria; 4) Malaysia 17. Analyze the climatogram and determine what letter on the map indicates the point whose climate characteristics are reflected in the climatogram. 3
4 1) A 2) B 3) C 18. Russia is one of the five world leaders in the production of 1) soybeans; 2) sugar cane 3) rice; 4) wheat 19. Are the following conclusions about the trends in the volume of livestock production in the Moscow and Belgorod regions, based on the analysis of the data in the table below, correct? Conclusion A. In the Moscow region in the period from 2008 to 2010, there was an annual increase in the volume of livestock production. Conclusion B. In the Belgorod region in the period from 2008 to 2010, there was an annual decrease in the volume of livestock production. 1) only conclusion A is correct 2) only conclusion B is correct 3) both conclusions are correct 4) both conclusions are wrong 4
5 20. Which of the following sentences refers to international economic integration? 1) According to experts, the high growth rates of the economies of China, India and Brazil will soon stop. 2) As part of the creation of a single market for goods, ASEAN member countries annually agree on a list of goods covered by the duty-free trade agreement. 3) Between 2000 and 2010 in the developed countries from developing countries, an average of 2.6 million people moved annually. 4) The high rate of population aging in Japan and the eurozone countries will lead to a deterioration in their positions in the ranking of leading countries in terms of economic growth. 21. Which of the territories indicated by letters on the map of Russia is located within the natural zone of the tundra? 1) A 2) B 3) C 22. What letter marks the territory of the state of Pakistan on the map of Eurasia? 1) A 2) B 3) C 5
6 23. Which of the listed peoples is among the indigenous peoples of Eastern Siberia? 1) Khakasses; 2) Chuvash 3) Karelians; 4) Bashkirs 24. In which of the following countries do the majority of believers profess Islam? 1) Algeria; 2) Argentina 3) India; 4) Chile 25. In accordance with the Law on the return to "winter" time from October 26, 2014, 11 time zones will be established in the country. The initial time for calculating the local time of time zones will be Moscow time, the time of the II time zone (see table). The plane took off from point 1 (II time zone) to point 2 (IV time zone) at 10:00 Moscow time. Estimated flight time is 3 hours. How long will it be at point 2 when the plane lands? 1) 2 pm 2) 3 pm 3) 4 pm 4) 5 pm 6
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For a long time, mankind has been satisfying its needs for food, warmth, and rest at the expense of natural resources. In some cases, our activities cause irreparable harm to the environment. Therefore, we must use natural resources rationally.
This will allow us to economically and justifiably consume the gifts that our planet gives us. Rational nature management, examples of which will help to understand this issue, requires detailed consideration.
The concept of nature management
Before considering examples of rational and irrational nature management, it is necessary to define this concept. There are two main interpretations.
The first definition considers nature management as a system of reasonable consumption of resources, which allows reducing the rate of processing, enabling nature to recover. This implies that a person does not infringe on himself in the use of gifts environment, but improves the technologies available to him for the full use of each natural resource.
The second definition states that environmental management is a theoretical discipline that considers ways to increase the rationality of the use of available resources. This science is looking for ways to optimize this issue.
Resource classification
Rational nature management, examples of which should be considered in more detail, requires thoughtful use of resources. It is necessary to understand what is meant by them. Natural resources are not created by man, but are used for his purposes.
These funds are classified according to different criteria. In the direction of use, there are industrial, recreational, medical, scientific and other resources. There is also a division into renewable and non-renewable groups. The first category includes the energy of wind, sun, ocean water, etc. 
Natural resources are non-renewable. First of all, this should include oil, gas, coal and other fuel types of raw materials.
These approaches to grouping are conditional. After all, even the energy of the sun will one day be inaccessible to us. After a huge number of years, our star will still go out.
Types of natural resources
Existing natural resources are usually divided into several groups. They need to be considered in more detail. First of all in modern world water resources are widely used. We consume them, use them for technical purposes. It is necessary to preserve the purity of these resources without disturbing the original habitats of underwater representatives of flora and fauna. 
The second important group is land resources. An example of rational nature management is the plowing, for example, of natural landscapes for crops that, after their growth, do not impoverish the soil.
Natural resources also include minerals, forests, flora and fauna. Energy resources are very important to us.
Signs of rationality
Considering today's actions of a person, for example industrial production, agriculture, tourism, changing natural landscapes, it is sometimes difficult to say unequivocally which of the above is an example of rational nature management. After all, human activities affect our environment.
Rational nature management is the most harmonious interaction between us and the world. This concept has several characteristic features. 
The use of the gifts of nature is rational if, in the course of his activity, a person applies new technologies, as well as intensive approaches to production. For this, methods of waste-free manufacturing of new products are being introduced, and all technological processes are being automated.
This approach to management is typical for the developed countries of the world. They serve as an example for many other states.
Irrational nature management
Examples of rational nature management are found everywhere today. But there is also a reverse approach to farming. It is characterized by a mass of negative phenomena, representing a dangerous trend for both the producing country and the whole world.
Irrational use of environmental resources is characterized as unreasonable, predatory consumption. At the same time, people do not think about the consequences of their actions. The irrational approach also has its own characteristic features. First of all, this includes an extensive approach to maintaining economic activity. At the same time, outdated technologies and production methods are used.
Such cycles are illogical, not thought out to the end. The result is a lot of waste. Some of them harm the environment, human health and even lead to the death of entire species of living beings.
Irrational use of natural resources leads humanity to the abyss, the ecological crisis. This approach to management is typical for countries Latin America, Asia and Eastern Europe.
Basic examples
There are several main activities that can be clearly attributed to one or another group of environmental resource use. An example of rational nature management is the use of non-waste production technologies. For these purposes, enterprises of a closed or complete processing cycle are created.
In this business, it is important to constantly improve the technique, approaches in the manufacture of products. One of the main examples can also be the creation of protected areas, where activities are actively carried out to protect and restore flora and fauna. 
Human activity is destroying habitats for many species of animals and plants. Changes are sometimes so strong that it is almost impossible to reverse them. Also, an example of rational nature management is the restoration of places for the development of natural resources, the creation of natural landscapes.
Generally Accepted Principles
Accepted in the world general system, according to which the national principles of nature management are recognized as appropriate. They must not cause irreparable damage to the environment. This is the main principle that puts the interests of nature above economic benefits. 
Several principles have been developed that can be an example of rational nature management. Is draining the swamps, thoughtless deforestation, Is the destruction of rare species of animals, according to these postulates, a real crime? Undoubtedly! People must learn to consume the minimum amount of resources.
Ways to improve the situation
Considering the rational use of natural resources, examples of which were given above, it should be said about the real methods of its improvement. They are successfully used all over the world. First of all, the enterprises that conduct research in the field of increasing the completeness of the development of natural resources are financed.
Methods are also being introduced for the thoughtful placement of industries in each specific ecological zone. Production cycles are changing to reduce waste as much as possible. Taking into account the peculiarities of the region, the economic specialization of enterprises is determined, and environmental measures are developed.
Also, taking into account the peculiarities of the environmental situation, monitoring and control of the consequences of a particular type of human activity. The world community is faced with the need to implement the latest technology, carry out environmental protection measures to maintain the ecological characteristics of the environment in which humanity can exist. After all, from the point of no return, when to restore the former natural conditions will be impossible, we are only a few steps away.
Examples of the global community
The organization of New Zealand's economic activity is a world example of rational nature management. This country has switched completely to inexhaustible sources of energy, has established the priority importance of protected areas.
It is a leader in eco-tourism. Forests in this country remain unchanged, their felling, as well as hunting, are strictly prohibited here. Many economically developed countries are also gradually switching to solar and wind energy. Each state undertakes, to the best of its ability, to apply methods that increase the rationality of environmental management.
Considering the rational use of natural resources, examples of which were presented above, one can understand its importance. The future of all mankind depends on our attitude to the world around us. Scientists claim that ecological catastrophy getting close. The world community is obliged to take all measures to improve the organization of economic activity produced by man.
Being a part of nature, for many centuries man has used its gifts for the development of technology and for the benefit of human civilization, while causing colossal and irreparable harm to the surrounding space. The modern facts of scientists indicate that it is time to think about the rational use of nature, because the thoughtless waste of earthly resources can lead to an irreversible environmental disaster.
In contact with
nature management system
The modern system of nature management is integral structure covering all areas of human activity in present stage including public consumption of natural resources.
Science considers nature management as a set of measures for the rational use of natural resources, aimed not only at processing, but also at restoration, using improved methods and technologies. In addition, it is a discipline that gives theoretical knowledge and practical skills to preserve and increase the natural diversity and wealth of the entire world space.
Classification of natural resources
By origin, natural resources are divided into:
According to production use, there are:
- World Land Fund.
- The forest fund is part of the land resources on which trees, shrubs, and grasses grow.
- Hydro resources are the energy and fossils of lakes, rivers, seas, oceans.
According to the degree of exhaustion:
Rational and irrational nature management
Rational nature management is the continuous impact of a person on the environment, where he knows how to manage relationships with nature on the basis of its conservation and protection from undesirable consequences in the course of his activities.
Signs of rational nature management:
- Restoration and reproduction of natural resources.
- Preservation of land, water, animals and flora.
- Gentle extraction of minerals and harmless processing.
- Preservation natural environment for human, animal and plant life.
- Maintaining the ecological balance of the natural system.
- Regulation of birth rate and population.
Rational nature management implies the interaction of the entire natural system on the basis of maintaining the laws of ecology, rationalization in the use, conservation and enhancement of available resources. The essence of nature management is based on the primary laws of mutual synthesis of various natural systems. Thus, rational environmental management is understood as the analysis of a biosystem, its careful exploitation, protection and reproduction, taking into account not only the current, but also the future interests of the development of economic sectors and the preservation of human health.
Examples of rational nature management are:
The current state of nature management shows an irrational approach, which leads to the destruction of the ecological balance and a very difficult recovery from human impact. In addition, extensive exploitation based on old technologies has led to a situation in which the environment is in a polluted and oppressed state.
Signs of irrational nature management:
There is quite a large number of examples of irrational nature management, which, unfortunately, prevails in economic activity and is typical for intensive production.
Examples of irrational nature management:
- Slash-and-burn agriculture, plowing of slopes on highlands, which leads to the formation of ravines, soil erosion and the destruction of the fertile layer of the earth (humus).
- Change in the hydrological regime.
- Deforestation, destruction of protected areas, overgrazing.
- Discharge of waste and sewage into rivers, lakes, seas.
- Atmospheric pollution with chemicals.
- Extermination of valuable species of plants, animals and fish.
- Open pit mining.
Principles of rational nature management
Human activities, as part of the search for ways to rationally use natural resources and improvement of environmental safety methods is based on the following principles:
Ways to implement the principles
At the present stage, many countries are implementing political programs and projects in the field of applying rational methods of using natural resources, which relate to:
In addition, within the framework of a separate state, work is underway aimed at the development and implementation of regional plans and environmental measures, and the management and control of activities in this area should be carried out by both state and public organizations. These measures will:
- provide the population with environmentally safe work in production;
- create a healthy environment for residents of cities and villages;
- decrease dangerous impact from natural disasters and disasters;
- preserve the ecosystem in disadvantaged regions;
- implement modern technologies to ensure environmental standards;
- regulate acts of environmental legislation.
Problem rational use natural resources are much broader and more complex than it might seem at first glance. It must be remembered that everything in nature is closely interconnected and none of its components can exist in isolation from each other.
The damage caused in the course of centuries of economic activity can be corrected only if society takes a conscious approach to solving problems in the global environmental situation. And this is everyday work for an individual, a state and the world community.
In addition, before saving any biological subject, it is necessary to thoroughly study the entire agrobiological system, acquire knowledge and understand the essence of its existence. And only by knowing nature and its laws, a person will be able to rationally use all its benefits and resources, as well as increase and save for the future generation of people.